JPH10178930A - Cultivation house - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cultivation house in which conditioned air at low wind velocity can be supplied into a cultivation chamber. SOLUTION: This cultivation house is composed of three chambers of a cultivation chamber 11, facility chamber 12 and conveyer chamber 13. Then, the conveyer chamber and the cultivation chamber are adjacently extended is parallel while being partitioned by a partition film 20, and the facility chamber is made adjacent to both the chambers. An air supply fan 19 is installed at the boundary section of facility chamber and conveyer chamber, an air feeding port 21 is formed at the boundary section of conveyer chamber and cultivation chamber while being positioned on the opposite side of air supply fan, and an air ventilating port 18 is formed at the boundary section of cultivation chamber and facility chamber. The facility chamber is provided with external air intake ports 16 and 17 and an ultraviolet lamp 15. The cultivation chamber is equipped with an exhaust hole 37 for exhausting air inside the cultivation chamber equal with the quantity of external air taken into the facility chamber to the outside of cultivation house and a forced exhaust fan 24 for forcedly leading sterilized external air flowing from the external air intake port of facility chamber through the air ventilating port into the cultivation chamber. The air feeding port has an area so that the passed wind velocity can be lower than 1m/sec. The partition film allows heat transmission between the conveyer chamber and the cultivation chamber, and the direction of air current inside the conveyer chamber and the direction of air current inside the cultivation chamber are almost inverted.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cultivation house, and more particularly to a cultivation house capable of air conditioning suitable for cultivating mushrooms and other horticultural crops.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Cultivation of shiitake mushrooms and other mushrooms, or cultivation of horticultural crops such as vegetables, flowers, and fruit trees requires maintaining a constant cultivation environment throughout the year in order to improve quality and productivity. Have been. Considering prevention of damage by pests, an environment like a so-called clean room (sterile room) is preferable, but installing a cultivation house on par with a clean room is too exaggerated and impractical. Generally, greenhouses or greenhouses are known, but in order to create a more advanced cultivation environment, greenhouses or greenhouses with simple air conditioning equipment have been devised.

As a cultivation house capable of performing air conditioning suitable for the cultivation environment as described above, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-43
No. 329 discloses a shiitake mushroom cultivation house. In this cultivation house, the temperature and humidity are adjusted by using a cooling tower to supply cooling and humidified air to the cultivation room in the summer and heated and humidified air in the winter. The supply of air to the cultivation room is performed from a cooling tower installed in a machine room adjacent to the cultivation room via an air-conditioned air supply unit communicating with the cultivation room. In this conditioned air supply unit, a duct connected to an air outlet of the cooling tower extends along the longitudinal direction of the cultivation room, and blows to a plurality of locations along the longitudinal direction in the cultivation room along the duct. An exit is provided. The machine room has an outside air intake,
Further, a return air port is provided between the machine room and the cultivation room. In the cooling tower, the outside air and the return air from the cultivation room are mixed. A ventilation fan is provided on the side wall of the cultivation room, and the same amount of air as the outside air supplied to the cultivation room through the cooling tower and the duct is exhausted.

[0004]

In a cultivation house equipped with the above-described air conditioning equipment, it is actually important not only to control the temperature and humidity of the air but also to supply the conditioned air to the cultivation room. Element. Specifically, it is preferable that the wind speed be as low as possible in a state where the wind is applied to the crops in the cultivation room, or particularly to the bacteria in the case of mushroom cultivation. In the cultivation room, it is preferable that the conditioned air is distributed evenly in all areas. However, it is necessary to secure a necessary air supply amount. For example, when a plurality of air outlets are provided in the middle using a duct as in the case of the above-described conventional example, a considerable wind speed near the air outlet is required. This can have adverse effects if the air supply wind hits the crop directly.

In general, when an outlet is provided in a duct, the amount of air blown out tends to be smaller at the outlet on the distal end side of the duct, and it is difficult to supply air-conditioned air uniformly to the entire cultivation room. .

In particular, when humidified air is supplied by a duct provided above a cultivation chamber, water droplets that have condensed and condensed fall through the duct, so that there are crops that are planted under the waterdrop and that are sprayed on other places. Cultivation conditions are different from crops to which water drops are not applied, and the quality of the crops is not constant. For this reason, the duct laying area is limited with respect to the cultivation room area, and as a result, it becomes difficult to secure a sufficient flow passage cross-sectional area with respect to the required supply air flow rate, and it is difficult to increase the supply air flow rate and insufficient supply air flow. Increased tendency to invite.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional technical problems, and has been devised in order to effectively solve the problems.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation house in which cultivation rooms are supplied with conditioned air at a low wind speed evenly with simple equipment.

[0008]

The cultivation house according to the present invention has the following configuration in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to achieve the object. That is,
A cultivation room that is a space to be conditioned to grow the desired crop,
Equipment room with heat source equipment to generate conditioned air;
A cultivation house comprising three chambers: a transport chamber for transporting the conditioned air generated in the equipment room to the cultivation chamber, wherein the three chambers extend in parallel in an adjacent state while being separated from each other by a division membrane. And the cultivation room, the equipment room is arranged adjacent to the two rooms, and an air supply fan for sending conditioned air from the equipment room to the transfer room is provided at or near the boundary between the equipment room and the transfer room. In the boundary portion between the transfer room and the cultivation room, and at a position opposite to the installation position of the air supply fan, communication between the transfer room and the cultivation room is allowed to supply air-conditioned air. An air supply port is formed, and a return port is formed at the boundary between the cultivation room and the equipment room, which allows communication between the cultivation room and the equipment room to allow the air in the cultivation room to return, and the equipment room has At least one outside air inlet for taking in outside air, and The cultivation room is provided with a sterilization means for sterilizing the air passing therethrough, and the cultivation room has an exhaust port for discharging the cultivation room air equal to the amount of outside air taken into the equipment room to the outside of the cultivation house, and an inflow from the outside air intake of the equipment room. A forced exhaust fan for forcibly introducing the outside air sterilized by the sterilizing means into the cultivation chamber through the return air port, and the air supply port has a passing wind speed of 1 m / sec or less. Has a sufficiently large opening area, the above-mentioned division membrane allows heat transfer between the transfer room and the cultivation room, and the air flow direction in the transfer room and the air flow direction in the cultivation room are substantially Go backwards.

The cultivation house of the present invention is preferably provided with a humidifying means in at least one of the equipment room and the transfer room.

When the cultivated crop is mushrooms, the cultivation room is preferably provided with a CO ₂ sensor for detecting the concentration of carbon dioxide, and the forced exhaust fan is preferably driven by a signal from the sensor. .

The above-mentioned air supply fan may use a pressurized axial flow fan, and connect a short pipe duct in the blowing direction to blow out in a nozzle shape.

It is preferable that the division membrane is made of a film material such as a vinyl film which blocks the permeation of water and air.

[0013] The transfer chamber may have an auxiliary fan for supplementing the air flow of the air supply fan according to the length in the air blowing direction.

The auxiliary fan may use a pressurized axial flow fan and connect a short pipe duct in the blowing direction to blow out in a nozzle shape.

[0015]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a schematic configuration of a cultivation house according to the present invention. The cultivation house 10 is a so-called vinyl house in which a vinyl film or a sheet is hung on a frame, and a cultivation room 11 which is a space for cultivating a target crop and a main air conditioner such as an air conditioner or a boiler or a refrigerator next to the cultivation room. Equipment room 12 in which equipment for installation is installed and generates air-conditioned air, and the air-conditioned air generated in this equipment room is conveyed to the end of the cultivation room (the end opposite to the equipment room) to be supplied to the cultivation room. It has three chambers, namely, a transfer chamber 13. The transfer room 13 is arranged above the cultivation room so as not to reduce the planting area of the cultivation room 11. Therefore,
If reduction of the planting area is not a problem, the transfer chamber can be arranged on the side of the cultivation chamber.

In the equipment room 12, an air conditioner for cooling or heating the air in the room or a heat source device 14 such as a boiler or a refrigerator, and an ultraviolet lamp 15 for sterilizing the air flowing into the room are provided. Is provided.

The equipment room 12 has an outside air intake 16 which is always open to take in outside air, and an outside air damper 1 which is opened to allow the inflow of outside air at the time of forced exhaustion in a cultivation room, which will be described in detail later.
7 are provided. The equipment room 12 and the cultivation room 11
A return air opening 18 which is always open is provided in the partition between and to allow the return air from the cultivation room to flow into the equipment room. Further, an air supply fan 19 of a pressurized axial flow fan is attached to a partition between the equipment room 12 and the transfer room 13, and the air-conditioned air generated in the equipment room is supplied to the transfer room by the air supply fan. Sent in. Each of these devices and instruments can be attached to the above-described frame, or to a frame or bracket separately assembled indoors.

The transfer chamber 13 extends upward from the cultivation chamber 11 as it is to the same height as the equipment chamber 12, and is partitioned by a division membrane 20 at a predetermined height. The sectioning membrane 20 is a vinyl film, and extends from the end of the cultivation room toward the opposite side from the equipment room side end, but does not reach the terminal end thereof. It is stopped on the way to form an air supply port 21 communicating with the air inlet 11. Therefore, the conditioned air generated in the equipment room is sent into the transfer room by the air supply fan 19, further flows in the transfer room, and flows into the cultivation room from the air supply port 21 formed on the opposite side to the air supply fan 19. . The flow of the conditioned air in the transfer chamber is determined by making the flow path cross-section of the transfer chamber large enough and by contacting the air inlet 2
By flowing into the chamber 1, most of the dynamic pressure energy is consumed, and flows into the cultivation room 11 as an airflow almost exclusively of static pressure energy. The flow velocity of the conditioned air passing through the air supply port 21 is 1
The capacity of the pressure axial fan and the opening area of the air supply port are given so as to be not more than m / sec. Further, the flow rate of the airflow in the cultivation room is more preferably 0.5 m / sec or less.

The return air opening 18 of the cultivation room 11 has an opening area large enough not to increase the passing wind speed, and the air supply opening 2 is provided so that the conditioned air flows evenly throughout the cultivation room.
It is formed at a position substantially symmetrical to 1, that is, at the lower part of the partition between the cultivation room and the equipment room. When the position of the air supply fan 19, the position of the air supply port 21 and the position of the return air port 18 are given in this way, the air flow direction in the transfer chamber 13 and the air flow direction in the cultivation chamber 11 are substantially opposed to each other. . In each room, the thermal energy consumption does not progress as much as the air located on the upstream side of the airflow, so for example, during heating, the air nearer to the return air opening in the cultivation room is colder, and in the transfer room, The air in the position above the cold air is warmer. Furthermore, since the dividing film 20 is transparent or translucent and a thin vinyl film, on the side where the room temperature gradient is low in the cultivation room depending on the airflow direction, heat transfer by conduction and radiation from the high temperature side in the transfer room can be expected, The actual temperature distribution in the cultivation room becomes substantially uniform. In addition, return air port 18
In particular, in the case of cultivation of mushrooms, it is preferable that the height is formed within a height of 1.5 m in order to efficiently discharge carbon dioxide staying at the bottom of the cultivation chamber during forced evacuation. As understood from this, it is preferable that the forced exhaust fan 24 is also provided within a height of 1.5 m. The forced exhaust fan 24 is provided on the cultivation room wall surface opposite to the return air port 18. Further, the CO ₂ sensor 25 is also provided within a height of 1.5 m. Since the outside air damper 17 is provided not in the cultivation room 11 but in the equipment room 12, fresh outside air introduced at the time of forced exhaust is subjected to a sterilizing action by the ultraviolet lamp 15 through the equipment room, and The air is introduced into the cultivation room by approaching the state of the conditioned air of No. 11.

Since mushrooms generally inhale oxygen and emit carbon dioxide both day and night, it is necessary to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide. The above-mentioned CO ₂ sensor 25 outputs a detection signal when a predetermined concentration is reached so that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the cultivation room does not increase to an undesired level for the crop. 24
Is operated for a predetermined time or until the carbon dioxide concentration becomes equal to or lower than the predetermined concentration. The outside air damper 17 is opened in conjunction with the operation of the forced exhaust fan 24. In addition, the operation of the forced exhaust fan 24 may be performed at regular intervals by a timer without using the CO ₂ sensor 25. The outlet of the forced exhaust fan 24 is provided with a leak amount adjusting damper 37.
The cultivation room air is discharged in an amount equal to the amount of outside air taken into the equipment room 12. The leak amount adjustment damper 37 is fully opened during forced exhaust. Further, the leak amount adjustment damper may be provided at a location different from the forced exhaust fan, for example, on the outer wall side closer to the return air opening.

A humidifier 23 is provided in the transfer chamber 13, and can humidify the conditioned air to a desired humidity in the transfer chamber. Separation membrane 2 between transfer room 13 and cultivation room 11
Since it is partitioned by 0, water drops do not fall into the cultivation room 11. In particular, if the sectional membrane 20 is inclined in the width direction of the cultivation house 10 (W direction shown in FIG. 2), water droplets can be drained to the wall of the house 10 and do not splash on the crop. Further, since the dividing film 20 is transparent or translucent and is a thin vinyl film, it allows sunlight to enter, and facilitates heat transfer between the transfer room 13 and the cultivation room 11 by conduction and radiation. 11 has a heating or cooling effect. The humidifier may be provided in the equipment room. The operation of the humidifier 23
It is preferable that the forced exhaust fan 24 be stopped during operation.

FIG. 2 shows each room 11 to 13 of the cultivation house 10.
The following shows an example of dimensions. The size of the cultivation house depends on the size and shape of the land where the cultivation house is to be installed, but is basically assembled into the size and shape as shown in FIG. The cultivation house 10 has a height H of about 5 m, a width W of about 8 to 9 m, and a length L.
Is about 24 to 27 m. The height D of the cultivation room 11 is about 3
m and the length B are about 21 to 24 m. The length A of the equipment room 12 is about 3 m. The height C of the transfer chamber 13 is about 2 m. The length E of the air supply port 21 is about 3 to 5 m. Note that, in order to adjust the size of the air supply port and the wind speed passing through the air supply port, a mesh-like film such as a cold gauze may be used for a part of the division film forming the edge of the air supply port.

FIG. 3 shows an example in which the auxiliary fan 30 is provided in the transfer chamber 13 when the cultivation house 10 is large and the wind pressure or the wind speed is insufficient with only the air supply fan of the pressure axial fan as shown in FIG. Is shown. In the case where air is blown only by a powerful air supply fan, there is a possibility that the vinyl film near the fan may be strongly wavy. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, it is preferable to provide a plurality of pressurized axial flow fans having moderate strength. The air supply fan 1
9 and the auxiliary fan 30, as shown by the broken line in the figure,
A short duct 36 may be attached to the outlet side. In this case, the conditioned air can be blown out from the fans 19 and 30 in a nozzle shape, and even a relatively weak fan can blow the airflow onto the end surface 22 of the transfer chamber 13 with a strong direction. Other configurations are the same as in the example of FIG.

FIG. 4 shows an example in which a return air fan 31 and a return air damper 32 are provided between the cultivation room 11 and the equipment room 12. In the example of FIG. 1, the equipment room 12 has a negative pressure, and the cultivation room 11 and the transport chamber 13 have a positive pressure. If the plus pressure in the cultivation chamber is too large, the expansion of the greenhouse becomes severe. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the plus pressure in the cultivation chamber can be reduced by providing the return air fan 31. The return air damper 32 is normally closed, and is opened together with the outside air damper 17 only at the time of forced exhaust, so that fresh outside air is introduced into the cultivation room. The cultivation chamber is preferably maintained at a positive pressure, so that the invasion of fungi such as molds harmful to crops can be prevented. For other configurations, see FIG.
Is the same as in the example.

FIG. 5 shows an example in which an extension duct 33 is attached to the blowing side of the air supply fan 19. The humidifier 23 is provided downstream of the tip of the extension duct 33, and can reliably humidify the conditioned air blown out from the extension duct 33. The closer the tip of the extension duct 33 is to the air supply port 21, the higher the airflow velocity in the cultivation room 11 can be. Other configurations are the same as in the example of FIG.

FIG. 6 shows an air supply fan connected to the first air supply fan 19.
Divided vertically into _first and second air supply fan 19 _2, the second section film 20 between the conditioned air that is blown out from each of ₂
Are shown. The humidifier 23 is a second sectioning membrane 2
0 ₂ provided on the, to humidify the air-conditioned air blown out from the second air supply fan 19 _2. The second section film 20 ₂ shorter than the first segment layer 20, the second section film 20 ₂ of the first in the air-conditioned air blown out from the first air supply fan 19 ₁ and the second air supply fan 19 ₂ from the distal end The humidity is adjusted by mixing.
That is, the first air supply fan 19 ₁ and the second air supply fan 19 _{and second} rotation speed control or the like to adjust the respective blowoff air volume, it is possible to obtain a desired humidity by changing the mixing ratio. Other configurations are the same as in the example of FIG. Further, conditioned air flowing into the transfer chamber above the second section film 20 _2, in particular exerts a snow melting effect on winter snow.

FIG. 7 shows an example in which outside air is not taken into the equipment room 12 but is taken into the transfer room 13. The outside air intake fan 34 is mounted on the ceiling surface of the transfer room 13, and the outside air intake is not formed in the equipment room 12. Therefore, the air cooled or heated in the equipment room 12 is mixed with the outside air in the transfer room 13 and supplied to the cultivation room 11. The outside air intake fan 34 is preferably provided with a filter 35. The filter 35 attached to the outside air intake fan 34 may be a unit of a filter and a heat exchanger. Other configurations are the same as in the example of FIG. It should be noted that the outside air intake fan attached to the transfer chamber 13 may of course be mounted not only on the ceiling surface of the transfer chamber but also on the side wall surface.

FIG. 8 shows an example in which one cultivation room 11 and two transfer rooms 13 correspond to one equipment room 12, respectively. When the land where the cultivation house 10 is installed is extremely elongated, such a modification is also possible. The outside air intake (not shown) and the outside air damper (not shown) of the equipment room 12 can be provided on a wall surface not shared with the cultivation room 11 and the transfer room 13. Other configurations are the same as in the example of FIG.

Although not shown, a heater can be installed on the ground near the air return port 18 of the cultivation room 11 to assist heating. In that case, the installation location of the heater
It may be from just below the return air opening to about １ ／ to の of the length of the cultivation room 11.

[0030]

As described above, the cultivation house of the present invention
Despite being able to be constructed at the level of the simplicity of conventional greenhouses, it provides a very favorable environment for growing crops, especially for growing mushrooms. The flow rate of the air-conditioned air in the cultivation room is kept sufficiently low, but it is evenly supplied to the whole cultivation room, and the room temperature in the cultivation room can be expected to be equalized by heat transfer from the transfer room to the cultivation room. Can also be prevented from falling on crops.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a cultivation house according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of dimensions of each room of the cultivation house.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an example in which an auxiliary fan is provided in a transfer chamber when a cultivation house is large and the pressure is insufficient with only an air supply fan of a pressure axial fan as shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example in which a return air fan and a return air damper are provided between a cultivation room and an equipment room.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing an example in which an extension duct is attached to a blowout side of an air supply fan.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an example in which an air supply fan is vertically divided into a first air supply fan and a second air supply fan, and a second partition film is arranged between air-conditioned air blown from each of them. .

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing an example in which outside air is not taken into a facility room but is taken into a transfer room.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an example in which two cultivation rooms and two transfer rooms each correspond to one equipment room.

[Explanation of symbols]

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 cultivation house 11 cultivation room 12 equipment room 13 transfer room 14 heat exchanger 15 ultraviolet lamp 16 outside air intake 17 outside air damper 18 return air port 19 air supply fan 20 division membrane 21 air supply port 22 wife surface 23 humidifier 24 forced exhaust Fan 25 CO ₂ sensor 30 Auxiliary fan 31 Return air fan 32 Return air damper 33 Extension duct 34 Outside air intake fan 35 Filter 36 Short duct 37 Leakage adjustment damper

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A cultivation room (11) serving as an air-conditioned space for cultivating a target crop, an equipment room (12) provided with a heat source device (14) for generating conditioned air, 3 with transfer room (13) for transferring conditioned air to cultivation room
A cultivation house comprising a room, wherein the three rooms are separated from each other by a partition membrane (20) and extend in parallel in a state of being adjacent to a transport room and a cultivation room. An air supply fan (19) that is arranged adjacently and that sends air-conditioned air from the equipment room to the transfer room at or near the boundary between the equipment room and the transfer room
Is provided at the boundary between the transfer room and the cultivation room, and at a position opposite to the installation position of the air supply fan, the communication between the transfer room and the cultivation room to supply air-conditioned air. Allowable air inlet (21)
Is formed at the boundary between the cultivation room and the equipment room, and a return air port (18) is formed to allow communication between the cultivation room and the equipment room to allow the air in the cultivation room to return. At least one outside air inlet (16, 17) for taking in outside air, and sterilizing means (15) for sterilizing air passing through the room, the cultivation room is equal to the amount of outside air taken into the equipment room. An exhaust port (3) for discharging air inside the cultivation room to the outside of the cultivation house
7) and a forced exhaust fan (24) for forcibly introducing outside air that has flowed in from the outside air intake of the equipment room and sterilized by the sterilization means into the cultivation room through the return air opening, The air supply port has a sufficiently large opening area so that the passing wind speed is 1 m / sec or less, and the division membrane allows heat transfer between the transfer room and the cultivation room,
A cultivation house, wherein the airflow direction in the transfer room and the airflow direction in the cultivation room are substantially opposite to each other. 2. The equipment room (12) or the transfer room (1).
The cultivation house according to claim 1, further comprising a humidifying means (23) in at least one of (3). 3. The cultivation room (11) is provided with a CO ₂ sensor (25) for detecting carbon dioxide concentration, and the forced exhaust fan (24) is operated by a signal from the sensor. Cultivation house according to 1 or 2. 4. The air supply fan (19) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the air supply fan (19) uses a pressurized axial flow fan, and connects the short pipe duct (36) in the blowing direction to blow out in a nozzle shape. Cultivation house. 5. The cultivation house according to claim 1, wherein the division membrane (20) is made of a membrane material such as a vinyl film for shielding water and air from permeating. 6. The transfer chamber (13) has an auxiliary fan (30) for supplementing the air blowing of the air supply fan (19) according to the length in the air blowing direction. Cultivation house according to the above. 7. The cultivation house according to claim 6, wherein the auxiliary fan (30) uses a pressurized axial flow fan and connects the short pipe duct (36) in the blowing direction to blow out in a nozzle shape.