JPH1016126A - Mechanical composite member and manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a composite member, which can fully show functions having by non-metallic functional material such as lubricity and is excellent in the view point of strength, by a method wherein non-metallic material is filled in a surface layer having gaps produced by orientating metal particles bonded to a metal matrix in several layers of less. SOLUTION: A matrix 4 made of steel plate or the like, a copper plate 3, the melting point of which is lower than that of the matrix, a metal gauze 2 for orientation and balls as particulate or lump materials 1 are put in an orientated state over their whole surfaces. As the metal matrix 4, carbon steel, stainless steel or any material having the composition of alloy steel will do. The surface layer having gaps is obtained by arranging particulate or lump materials in a single layer under the state having intervals, which prevent the materials adjacent to each other from contacting with each other. By arranging in the single layer, the surface layer is bonded together between the particulate or lump materials and steel or the like as the matrix, resulting in allowing to produce the surface layer having gaps in regular shape and size, resulting in easily filling the gaps under pressure with different functional materials such as PTFE resin or the like.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a composite member in which a metal and a non-metal suitable for a sliding member and a bearing member are mechanically joined, and a method of manufacturing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as sliding members and bearing members,
Composite members in which metal materials were joined by sintering or pressure welding on a metal base material were used, but the thickness and area of the sintered layer and the base material, such as steel, were limited, and the dimensional flexibility was limited. Poor and unsuitable for thick and large items.

Recently, non-metallic materials such as ceramics and plastics have been actively used.

However, these non-metallic materials are very different from metal materials in properties such as melting point, elongation and strength, so that metallurgical joining such as sintering and pressure welding is difficult, and mechanical joining and bonding with rivets and bolts are difficult. Bonding methods such as adhesive bonding and dimensional fitting have been mainly used.

[0005] Particularly, in sliding members and bearing members of transporting machines and industrial machines which require lubrication, seizure resistance and corrosion resistance, plastics such as PTFE (tetrafluoroethylene) resin and graphite are used as nonmetallic materials. , Molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide have been used as functional materials as solid lubricants. In the case of a composite of a metal material and a non-metal material, in the case of a PTFE resin, a metal powder is molded and sintered to be porous, and the PTFE resin is applied or sprayed thereon, and then under appropriate conditions of pressure and temperature. Mechanical impregnation to impregnate.

[0006] In general, in the case of composite by impregnation into a porous metal body, the mechanical strength of the porous body serving as a base is poor, and the base is joined to a base material having sufficient strength such as a steel plate. Often used in form.

However, the bonding strength between the porous metal material and the base material is low. For example, there is a method in which the bonding surface is preliminarily treated by plating or the like to increase the bonding strength.
Even with this, there is a problem that sufficient bonding strength cannot be expected, which leads to an increase in manufacturing cost due to an increase in the number of steps.

[0008] The more the functional material such as PTFE resin is contained in the member, the more the functions of the sliding member and the bearing member, such as lubrication, seizure resistance and corrosion resistance, can be expected to be improved. Since the strength of the porous body itself is reduced and it is difficult to bond the porous body to a base material such as steel, the content of the nonmetallic functional material that can be impregnated and compounded is at most about 20% by weight.

As described above, the production of a composite by impregnation of a functional material such as a PTFE resin is simpler and the production cost is lower than the production method by joining such as sintering and pressure welding in the case of metallic materials. On the other hand, however, there is a problem that reliability is poor in bonding strength and airtightness.

[0010]

The problem to be solved by the present invention is that a metallurgical joining with a metal material is difficult.
By incorporating more non-metallic functional materials for improving lubricity, seizure resistance and corrosion resistance such as TFE resin, the functions of the non-metallic functional materials such as lubricity can be sufficiently exhibited, Another object of the present invention is to obtain a composite member excellent in strength.

[0011]

A mechanical composite member according to the present invention comprises a metal base material and a surface layer having voids in which metal grains or metal blocks joined to the base material are arranged in several layers or less. Further, a non-metallic material is filled in the voids of the surface layer.

As a result, it is possible to inexpensively obtain a member which is joined to a base material such as steel with sufficient strength and has small dimensional restrictions.

The formation of the surface layer in the composite is carried out together with the above-mentioned metal grains or wire rods or other shaped metal lumps.
It can be obtained by interposing a metal material having a lower melting point than the above and heating it to a temperature higher than a temperature at which a liquid phase is generated in a part thereof and joining it to the metal base material.

[0014]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows an example of the arrangement of granular or massive materials in the process of manufacturing a plate-like sliding member or bearing member according to the present invention. 4, a state in which a copper plate 3 having a lower melting point than the base material 4, a wire mesh 2 for alignment and a ball as a granular or massive material 1 are entirely aligned.

FIGS. 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views of a composite manufactured according to the present invention, in which a surface layer having a regular shape and size and having aligned voids is bonded to a base material such as steel. 3 shows an example of an enlarged view.

FIG. 4 shows a case in which a cut wire obtained by cutting a wire into a length of a diameter is used as a raw material as a granular or lump material 1. When the diameter is three times or more the diameter, the shape and size of the formed voids tend to be non-uniform, and it is preferable to cut the wire into a length substantially equal to the diameter of the wire to have an equiaxial shape.

The metal base material 4 may be any material having a composition of carbon steel, stainless steel and alloy steel.

Conventionally, the particle size of powder used for making porous is generally 32 mesh or less. However, the granular or bulk material used as a raw material in the present invention has a particle size exceeding 32 mesh, and is rather arranged at the time of construction. In operation, large grains or lumps are easier to handle. There is no limitation on the manufacturing history and the manufacturing method of the granular or lump material, and a material having an equiaxed shape and a smooth surface is suitable. Any variant can be used as long as it has structural strength enough to maintain its shape.

In the surface layer having voids according to the present invention, a granular or massive material is arranged in a single layer at an interval that does not make contact with each other, but by forming a single layer, the granular or massive material and the base material are combined. The surface layer is joined at the interface with
Since a surface layer having voids having a regular shape and size can be formed, it is possible to easily press-fill the voids with a heterogeneous functional material such as PTFE resin.

When the granular or massive material is arranged in an aligned manner rather than arranged irregularly on the surface of steel or the like as a base material, the shape and size of the voids formed after the construction become uniform, and It is possible to control the shape and size of the formed void. In other words, if irregular arrangement is performed, the shape and size of the voids become disordered, and furthermore, the distribution of the voids and the thickness of the surface layer become uneven, so that sufficient functions as sliding members and bearing members are provided. Can not.

Therefore, in order to arrange the granular or massive material in alignment with the surface of a base material such as steel, for example, FIG.
In the example shown in (1), the arrangement using the wire mesh 2 can be performed. The wire mesh may be a mesh having regular openings and openings of a fixed shape, and there is no limitation on the manufacturing method.

As the material of the wire mesh, an alloy containing iron as a main component such as steel as a base material, for example, a material having a composition such as carbon steel, stainless steel and alloy steel is easily available. The wire mesh used for the alignment arrangement remains in the surface layer even after construction, and the wire mesh itself has a function of forming voids in the surface layer and fixing a different material such as PTFE resin to the surface layer.

Further, by using a material having a melting point lower than that of steel or the like as a base material, for example, copper or a copper alloy, the wire mesh is aligned and arranged before and during the work without leaving the wire mesh even after the work. In addition to the above, when joining by brazing to steel or the like serving as a base material, a copper wire net can be provided with a function as a brazing material.

As a means for preventing the alignment material such as the wire mesh 3 used for aligning the granular or lump-shaped material from remaining after the treatment, besides using the wire mesh having a low melting point, a method shown in FIG. Material 4 or weight 5 as pressing material
It is also possible to use a material obtained by processing a steel or the like serving as a base material into the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 6, and FIG. In other words, if a base material such as steel is machined into the cross-sectional shape of the square groove 31 shown in FIG. 5, the triangular groove 32 shown in FIG. 6, or the round groove 33 shown in FIG. And it is easy to obtain a regularly aligned state, and does not remain as a dissimilar material even after construction. The processing of the cross-sectional shape of the wire mesh 3 as an array material is not performed by the base material,
When a groove having a sectional shape for alignment is machined on the weight 5 shown in FIG. 1, the groove may be arranged along the groove, fixed, and turned upside down. If a groove is formed in the cross section of the weight 5 for arrangement, the weight 5 can be used repeatedly for arrangement, leading to a reduction in manufacturing cost.

In the method of arranging expanded metal having an appropriate hole shape and dimensions on the surface of the weight 5 as a pressing material shown in FIG. 1 and arranging a granular or massive material in the hole, This eliminates the need for processing of the cross-sectional shape of the piece, and is more economical because repeated use is possible.

In any case, the cross-sectional shape for the arrangement may be selected to be a shape that is more closely adhered to the shape of the granular or massive material that forms the voids. It becomes simple and the joining strength can be increased.

In order to integrally join the base material such as steel as the base material and the granular or massive material constituting the surface layer,
A liquid phase was formed by interposing a base material such as steel as the base material and a metal material having a lower melting point than the granular or massive material, and heating to a temperature higher than the temperature at which a liquid phase occurs in a part of the material. The intervening metallic material melts and flows and metallurgically joins the base material such as steel as the base material with the granular or massive material. As a method similar to this joining method, ordinary brazing is also included in the category, but the joining method in the present invention has a broader meaning than the brazing method. In other words, in the normal brazing, the metal material that is interposed due to joining is heated to a temperature at which only a liquid phase is formed during construction, whereas in the present invention, a part of the metal material is heated to a temperature at which a liquid phase is generated. Therefore, construction in a wide temperature range becomes possible.

Therefore, a normal brazing furnace can be applied as an equipment for the construction, and silver brass, phosphor copper brass, brass brass and nickel used as typical brazing materials as an example of the metal plate shown in FIG. Wax is also applicable.

A metal material having a lower melting point is interposed between steel or the like as the base material 4 shown in FIG. 1 and the granular or massive material 1 and heated to a temperature higher than a temperature at which a liquid phase is generated in a part thereof. As a result, it is necessary to have a property of uniformly spreading and wetting in the gap between the steel or the like serving as the base material 4 and the granular or massive material 1, even if it is not a commercially available brazing material. The above-mentioned copper wire netting has the property sufficiently.

The shape and size of the metal material to be interposed can be freely selected. If the copper is in the form of plate or foil as shown in FIG. 1, it is easily available, and the ratio of the raw material cost to the manufacturing cost is reduced. Can be. If the wire is copper, the wire may be cut into an appropriate length, and a sufficient amount may be arranged at a required position so that the liquid phase becomes a liquid phase and is joined when spread.

Furthermore, if the surface of the granular or massive material is coated with a metal material to be interposed for joining beforehand, it can flow in the liquid phase to the contact position between steel or the like as a base material and the granular or massive material. It is also possible to supplement and supply. In this case, the method of coating the surface of the interposed metal granular or massive material may be a commonly used coating method such as plating, barrel coating, and thermal spraying, and may be appropriate depending on the shape, size, and material of the granular or massive material. Just choose a method.

The outer edge of the joining surface of the base material such as steel is
Spot welding a thin plate serving as a weir to prevent the intervening metal from flowing into the liquid phase due to joining, so that the upper end of the granular or massive material slightly emerges from the upper side of this thin plate Space where metal material, wire mesh, and granular or massive material can be arranged for mounting or interposed on the joining surface of the base material for joining, and having a depth such that the upper end of the granular or massive material slightly emerges May be machined.

As described above, the surface layer having aligned voids for containing a large amount of different functional materials such as PTFE resin as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3 or FIG. The composite material bonded with strength has a structure in which the voids occupy 30% by volume or more in the surface layer, and the openings of the voids are smaller than the inside, so that the dissimilar materials such as PTFE resin which is press-fitted and filled are difficult to be removed. I have. FIG. 8 shows the PTF
FIG. 2 shows an example of an enlarged cross-sectional view of a composite member having a function suitable for a sliding member or a bearing member in which E resin is press-fitted into a gap included in a surface layer.

[0034]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a specific example of producing a square plate-like composite material by brazing with a vacuum brazing furnace will be described.

Example 1 As shown in FIG.
SS400 mild steel plate 4a having an area of 0.1 mm as a base material, and a thickness of 0.1 mm to be a brazing material on a joining surface by brazing.
A copper plate 3 having an area of 290 mm × 290 mm in mm is placed on the joint surface of the mild steel plate 4 a, and the barrel ball 1 a is placed thereon.
A stainless steel wire mesh 2 having a mesh size of 3 mm and a wire diameter of 0.65 mm is arranged for aligning the cast iron barrel balls 1a having a diameter of 3.2 mm per mesh of 5 mm × 5 mm. . Then, a weight 5 was placed in contact with the barrel ball 1a in order to adhere and fix the copper plate 3, the wire mesh 2 and the barrel ball 1a to the mild steel plate 4a.

The barrel ball 1a made of cast iron used was one in which a copper layer having a thickness of 20 μm was previously coated on the entire surface of the barrel ball 1a by barrel coating.

At the outer edge of the mild steel plate, the area where the copper plate 3, the wire mesh 2 and the barrel ball 1a can be arranged on the joining surface of the mild steel plate 4a and the upper surface of the barrel ball 1a slightly protrude to prevent the wax from flowing out. We dug a flat-bottomed space with a moderate depth.

The porous surface layer was held for 90 minutes at 1,000 ° C. just below the melting point of copper as a brazing material in a vacuum atmosphere with a vacuum degree of about 10 ⁻⁴ torr using a normal vacuum brazing furnace. , And finally cooled at 1135 ° C for 20 minutes and then cooled. After holding at 1000 ° C. and holding at 1135 ° C., the atmosphere was gradually replaced with nitrogen gas, and the gas was cooled while being pressurized.

After cooling, the brazing composite taken out of the furnace, as shown in FIG. 3, has a mild steel plate 4a, a wire mesh 2 and a barrel ball 1a which are entirely aligned by a copper braze 3a formed by melting a copper plate 3 before construction. And were integrally joined.

In order to examine the degree of joining of the barrel ball 1a to the mild steel plate 4a, a brazing composite having an area of 140 mm × 300 mm was cut out, and a bending test was performed with the surface to which the barrel ball 1a was joined facing inside. The conditions of the bending test were such that the inside bending radius was 25 mm, and three-point bending was performed with both sides of the bending test piece supported by rollers. The total bending angle is about 140
The barrel ball 1a was deformed to a flat surface in contact with the indentation jig, but the barrel ball 1a did not fall off and separate from the mild steel plate 4a.
It was confirmed that it was joined with a with sufficient strength.

In observation of the microstructure of the cross section of the composite,
Mild steel plate 4a, wire mesh 2 and barrel ball 1 with copper braze 3a
It was confirmed that a was soundly integrated.

Further, in order to fill the space formed by the barrel ball 1a with the PTFE resin in order to form a sliding member and a bearing member, PTFE resin powder is press-fitted into the space by a cold press, and then 350 to 400 °. 5-30 in C
When the baking is carried out for about one minute to solidify and adhere, a composite plate having a laminated structure having a surface layer of about 3.5 mm thickness, in which a PTFE resin, a barrel ball 1a and a stainless steel wire mesh are integrally combined on one side of a mild steel plate, is obtained. Was completed.

Example 2 An SS400 mild steel plate having a thickness of 20 mm and an area of 120 mm × 120 mm was used as a base material, and a 0.03 mm-thick foil-shaped BNi-2 to be a brazing material was formed on a joining surface by brazing.
A nickel braze is placed on the joining surface of the mild steel sheet so as to cover almost the entire surface, and a stainless steel mesh: 5.5 mm and a wire diameter: 0.9 mm for alignment are placed thereon, and one mesh is placed. One stainless steel ball having a diameter of 5 mm was arranged. Then, a weight was placed in contact with the ball in order to adhere and fix the foil-like nickel braze, the net and the ball to the mild steel plate.

In the case of Embodiment 1, the cast iron barrel ball 1a
Was coated with a copper layer in advance, but a stainless steel ball was used as it was without coating.

The degree of vacuum of the porous surface layer was reduced to about 0.3 torr using an ordinary vacuum brazing furnace under an argon gas atmosphere.
under the melting point of the nickel braze in a vacuum atmosphere
After holding at 60 ° C. for 80 minutes,
It was formed by holding at 030 ° C. for 30 minutes and then cooling.

After cooling, the brazing composite taken out of the furnace was coated with a mild steel plate 4 by nickel brazing 3b as shown in FIG.
a, the wire netting 2 and the stainless steel ball 1b were aligned and integrally joined.

Example 3 The same conditions as in Example 2 were used, except that a stainless steel wire having a diameter of 3 mm was cut into a length substantially equal to the diameter of the stainless steel wire in place of the stainless steel ball in Example 2. A brazing composite was made. One cut wire was arranged for each mesh so that the surface of the wire, not the cut surface, became the brazing surface.

As shown in FIG. 4, the obtained brazing composite had a mild steel plate 4a, a wire mesh 2 and a stainless steel cut wire 1c aligned and integrally joined by a nickel braze 3b.

Example 4 A hollow for alignment corresponding to the ball arrangement is provided on the contact surface side of the weight ball arranged on the stainless steel ball without using the stainless steel wire mesh for alignment in Example 2. A brazing composite was manufactured under the same conditions as in Example 2 except that the brazing composite was provided as described above.

The obtained brazing composite had a mild steel plate and a stainless steel ball aligned and integrally joined by nickel brazing.

Example 5 A brazing composite was used under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that a copper metal mesh (opening: 1.8 mm, wire diameter: 0.8 mm) was used instead of the stainless steel mesh in Example 1. Made a body.

After cooling, the brazing composite taken out of the furnace is, as shown in FIG. 3, a mild steel plate 4a, a wire mesh 2 and a barrel ball by a copper braze 3a formed by melting both a copper wire mesh and a copper plate before brazing. 1a were almost integrally aligned and joined together.

In any of the second to fifth embodiments,
After that, as in Example 1, PTFE resin is filled,
Similar results were obtained.

[0054]

【The invention's effect】

(1) It is possible to obtain a composite member in which the surface layer in which the voids for containing different materials such as PTFE resin occupy 30% by volume or more of the surface layer is joined with steel or the like as a base material with sufficient strength. .

(2) A sliding member excellent in lubricity, seizure resistance and corrosion resistance can be obtained by a relatively simple means of press-fitting a different material such as PTFE resin into the voids contained in the surface layer. It can be a bearing member.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an arrangement of granular or massive materials in a process of manufacturing a plate-shaped sliding member or a bearing member according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing an example of a composite manufactured according to the present invention, in which a surface layer having a regular shape and size and having aligned voids is joined to steel or the like as a base material. It is.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a composite manufactured according to the present invention in which a surface layer having a regular shape and size and having aligned voids is joined to a base material such as steel. It is an enlarged view.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a composite in which a surface layer having many regular shapes and sizes and aligned voids is joined to steel as a base material using cut wires as a granular or massive material. FIG.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a square groove in a cross-sectional shape processed into a base material or a weight in order to align granular or massive materials.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a triangular groove in a cross-sectional shape processed into a base material or a weight in order to align a granular or massive material.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a circular groove among cross-sectional shapes processed into a base material or a weight in order to align a granular or massive material.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a composite member manufactured according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a sectional layout view showing an embodiment of disposing a granular or massive material in a process of manufacturing a plate-shaped sliding member or a bearing member according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Granular or lump material 1a Barrel ball 1b Stainless steel ball 1c Stainless steel cut wire 2 Wire mesh 3 Copper plate 3a Copper brazing 3b Nickel brazing 4 Base metal 4a Mild steel plate 5 Weight 31 Square groove 32 Triangular groove 33 Round groove

Claims (6)

[Claims] The present invention comprises a metal base material and a surface layer having voids in which metal grains or metal blocks bonded to the base material are arranged in several layers or less, and a non-metallic material is filled in the voids of the surface layer. Filled mechanical composite member. 2. The mechanical composite member according to claim 1, wherein the surface layers having voids are arranged in a single layer at intervals such that metal particles or metal blocks do not contact each other. 3. A metal grain or a metal lump is regularly arranged in a few layers or less on a metal base material together with a metal material having a lower melting point than the metal base material, and further regularly arranged on the metal base material. A pressing material is placed on a metal particle or a metal lump, and the metal material having a low melting point is melted while the metal particles or the metal lump are pressed onto the metal base material by the pressing material to join the metal material. A method for producing a mechanical composite member, comprising: forming a porous surface layer made of metal particles or metal lump thereon, and then filling the porous surface layer with a non-metallic material. 4. The method for producing a mechanical composite member according to claim 3, wherein the metal particles or the metal blocks are arranged in a single layer at an interval such that they do not contact each other. 5. The method for producing a mechanical composite member according to claim 3, wherein a metal net is arranged on the metal base material, and metal grains or metal lump are arranged on the metal net. 6. Arrangement of the metal grains or metal lump on the metal base material is performed by forming an arrangement recess corresponding to the shape and size of the metal particle or metal lump in either the metal base material or the pressing material. The method for producing a mechanical composite member according to claim 3, wherein a metal particle or a metal lump is arranged in the concave portion for arrangement.