JP3898803B2 - Method for producing metal composite member - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a mechanically joined metal composite member of a metal material and a dissimilar metal material suitable for a sliding member and the bearing member.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a method of manufacturing such a composite member, a method of spraying and bonding a powdery metal material for bonding on a metal base material, and a continuous method of casting a metal material for bonding continuously on a belt-shaped base material A casting method and a centrifugal casting method in which a metal material is cast in a container containing a rotating base material are known.
[0003]
However, any of the manufacturing methods has limitations on the thickness and area of the sintered layer or cast layer and the steel used as a base material, and is not suitable for thick and large-sized products because of a lack of dimensional freedom.
[0004]
In particular, metallic materials with excellent lubricity, seizure resistance, and corrosion resistance include white metals such as tin or lead alloys, aluminum alloys containing tin, copper alloys, etc. as bonding materials. When applied to the production of a composite material as a moving member and a bearing member, there is a problem that the mechanical strength at the bonding interface between the bonding material and the base material is poor.
[0005]
For this reason, in order to increase the bonding strength between the bonding material and the base material, it is conceivable to perform preliminary treatment such as plating on the bonding surface in advance. There is a problem that this leads to an increase in manufacturing cost.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is that more types of metal materials that improve functions such as lubricity, seizure resistance, and corrosion resistance can be applied with less dimensional restrictions. It is to obtain a metal composite material having a sufficient bonding strength at low cost.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention , a metal material having a low melting point is interposed on a metal base material, and a metal mesh having openings of equal intervals and a constant shape is arranged. A surface layer arranged in a single layer or several layers of metal grains or metal lumps having a non-contact interval is formed, a pressing material is disposed on the surface layer, and the surface layer is made of at least one metal material having a low melting point. The metal particles or metal lumps arranged in a single layer or several layers by pressing the pressing material while heating to a temperature above the temperature at which the liquid phase is generated in the part and below the melting point of the base material and the metal particles or metal lump Is a method of manufacturing a metal composite member that is used as a sliding member or a bearing member by press-fitting and filling a metal material having a low melting point into a gap between the two.
[0008]
As a result, a composite member having a sufficient size and a small size limit with a base material such as steel can be obtained at low cost.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows an example of the arrangement of granular or massive material when producing a plate-like sliding member or bearing member according to the present invention. The ball as the granular or massive material 1 is made of a steel plate or the like. The base material 4, the copper plate 3 having a lower melting point than the base material 4, and the entire state of the wire mesh 2 for alignment are shown.
[0011]
2 and 3 are enlarged cross-sectional views of a composite body manufactured according to the present invention, having a regular shape and size, and having a surface layer having aligned voids bonded to steel or the like as a base material. An example of the figure is shown. In the case of FIG. 2, a composite plate is shown in which barrel balls 1 a are aligned on the entire surface of a wire mesh 2 on a mild steel plate 4 a that is a base material and are integrally joined by a copper braze 3 a. 3 shows a composite plate in which stainless steel balls 1b are integrally joined by nickel brazing 3b.
[0012]
FIG. 4 shows a case where a cut wire 1c obtained by cutting a wire rod to a length of about a diameter is used as the granular or lump material 1, and a cylindrical shape cut to a length of about a diameter is used. Since the shape and size of the voids formed tends to be non-uniform when the number of holes is 3 times or more, it is preferable to cut the length approximately equal to the diameter of the wire into an equiaxed shape.
[0013]
The metal base material 4 (4a) may be a so-called steel material having a composition of carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steel.
[0014]
Conventionally, the particle size of the powder used for making the porous material is almost 32 mesh or less, but the granular or massive material used as a raw material in the present invention has a particle size exceeding 32 mesh, rather, in the arrangement work at the time of construction. Larger grains or lumps are easier to handle.
[0015]
In addition, a granular or massive material is preferably a material having an equiaxed shape and a smooth surface, but there is no limitation on the production history and the production method, and a powder having a small particle size is solidified and molded by an appropriate method and granulated. Even the block-shaped deformed body can be used as long as it has a structural strength sufficient to maintain its shape.
[0016]
The “surface layer having voids” in the present invention can be obtained by disposing a granular or massive material in a single layer or at most several layers at intervals not in contact with each other. Alternatively, bonding is performed at the interface between the bulk material and the base steel, etc., and a surface layer with regular shapes and sizes of voids can be formed, so a metal material such as white metal is press-fitted into the voids. Convenient to do.
[0017]
Granular or lump-shaped materials are formed before construction because the shape and size of the voids formed after construction are more uniform when they are arranged in alignment than when they are irregularly arranged on the surface of the base steel, etc. It becomes possible to control the shape and size of the gap.
[0018]
In other words, when the irregular arrangement is made, the shape and size of the gaps become messy, and the distribution of the gaps and the thickness of the surface layer become non-uniform, so that sufficient functions as a sliding member and a bearing member are given. I can't.
[0019]
Therefore, in order to arrange the granular or massive material in alignment with the surface of steel or the like as a base material, for example, in the example shown in FIG. The wire mesh only needs to be a mesh having equal intervals and constant openings, and the manufacturing method is not limited.
[0020]
As the material of the metal mesh, an alloy containing iron, which is a main component such as steel as a base material, for example, a material having a composition such as carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steel is easily available. The wire mesh used for the alignment arrangement remains in the surface layer even after construction, and the wire mesh itself has a function of forming a void in the surface layer and fixing a metal material such as white metal to the surface layer.
In addition, the wire mesh is made of a material having a melting point lower than that of the base steel, such as copper or a copper alloy, so that the wire mesh is not left after the construction, and is not only arranged and arranged before and during the construction. In addition, when joining by brazing with steel or the like as a base material, it is also possible to give a copper wire mesh a function as a brazing material.
[0021]
As a means for preventing the alignment material such as the wire mesh used for aligning the granular or massive material from remaining after the treatment, in addition to using the wire mesh having a low melting point, the base material 4 shown in FIG. 5, it is also possible to use a material obtained by processing steel as a base material into the cross-sectional shape shown in FIGS.
[0022]
That is, if steel or the like as a base material is processed into the cross-sectional shape of the square groove 31 shown in FIG. 5, the triangular groove 32 shown in FIG. 6, or the round groove 33 shown in FIG. It is easy to obtain a regularly aligned state of the granular or massive material by arranging the above, so that the dissimilar material can be obtained even after the construction as compared with the case where the aligning material made of the dissimilar material is used. It will not remain.
[0023]
On the other hand, when a groove having the above-mentioned cross-sectional shape for processing the granular or massive material is processed in the weight 5 shown in FIG. 1 instead of the base material, the granular or massive material is aligned along the groove. It is sufficient to fix and reverse upside down. If a groove having a cross-sectional shape for alignment is formed on the weight 5, the weight 5 can be repeatedly used for alignment, leading to a reduction in manufacturing cost.
[0024]
Moreover, if the expanded metal which has a suitable hole shape and a dimension is arrange | positioned on the surface of the weight 5 as a press material shown in FIG. Since the cross-sectional shape processing is unnecessary, it can be used repeatedly, which is more economical.
[0025]
In any case, the cross-sectional shape may be selected to be a shape that closely adheres to the shape of the granular or massive material that forms the void. Can be high.
[0026]
In order to integrally bond the base material such as steel and the granular or massive material constituting the surface layer, a metal material having a lower melting point is interposed between the base material such as steel and the granular or massive material. Then, by heating above a temperature at which a liquid phase is generated in part, the metal material that has become a liquid phase dissolves and flows, and the base material such as the steel and the granular or massive material are metallurgically joined. To do.
[0027]
As a method similar to this joining method, ordinary brazing is also in its category, but the joining method in the present invention has a broader meaning than the method by brazing. In other words, in normal brazing, the metal material originally interposed for bonding is heated to a temperature that is only a liquid phase during construction, whereas in the present invention, it is heated to a temperature that is higher than the temperature at which a liquid phase is generated. Therefore, construction in a wide temperature range is possible.
[0028]
Therefore, an ordinary brazing furnace can be applied as the equipment for construction. In addition to the copper plate 3 shown in FIG. 1, silver brazing, phosphor copper brazing, brass brazing, nickel brazing, etc. used as ordinary brazing materials The normal brazing furnace can also be applied to these materials.
[0029]
In the case shown in FIG. 1, a metal material having a lower melting point is interposed between steel or the like as the base material 4 and the granular or massive material 1, and the temperature is higher than the temperature at which a liquid phase is generated in a part thereof. In order to melt and flow by heating and to join the base material 4 and the granular or lump-like material 1 in a metallurgical manner, the metal material is made of steel or the like used as the base material 4 and the clearance between the granular or lump-like material 1. As long as it has a property of spreading uniformly and getting wet, the copper wire mesh mentioned above is sufficient even if it is not a commercially available brazing material.
[0030]
The metal material interposed between the base material and the granular or massive material can be freely selected if its shape and dimensions can be freely selected, for example, a plate and foil-like copper as shown in FIG. The ratio of the raw material cost to the manufacturing cost can be reduced. If it is copper of a wire, what is necessary is just to arrange | position so that it may cut | disconnect to a suitable length, it may become a liquid phase in a required position, and may become sufficient quantity to join when it spreads.
[0031]
Furthermore, if the surface of the granular or massive material is coated with a metallic material that is interposed for joining, the metallic material is in a liquid phase at the contact position between the base steel and the granular or massive material. It is possible to supplement and supply the amount necessary for joining.
[0032]
In this case, the method of coating the surface of the granular or massive material with the metal material may be a commonly used coating method such as plating, barrel coating, or thermal spraying, and is suitable depending on the shape, size and material of the granular or massive material. Select a method.
[0033]
In addition, a thin plate that serves as a weir to prevent the metallic material interposed for bonding from flowing out as a liquid phase is disposed on the outer edge of the joining surface of steel or the like as a base material, and the upper side of the thin plate is granular. Alternatively, it can be attached to the side of the base material by welding so that it slightly protrudes from the upper end of the massive material, or a metallic material, wire mesh and granular or massive material intervening for joining can be arranged on the joining surface of the preform. Processing may be performed by excavating a space having an area and having a depth such that the upper end of the granular or massive material slightly protrudes.
[0034]
As described above, the surface layer having aligned voids for compounding a large amount of metal materials such as white metal as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, or FIG. In the composite material, the ratio of the voids to the surface layer is 30% by volume or more, and since the opening of the void is smaller than the inside, the metal material such as press-fitted white metal is difficult to escape. FIG. 8 shows an example of an enlarged cross-sectional view of a composite member having a function suitable for a sliding member or a bearing member in which a filling metal 6 such as a white metal is press-fitted into a gap included in a surface layer.
[0035]
Filled metal material that is combined with a base material having a surface layer with aligned voids is press-fitted for integration, so that the degree of filling in the voids can be increased to increase the bonding strength. Although it is desirable that the deformation resistance is small, heating may be performed at the time of press-fitting as needed, and press-fitting is performed by heating at an appropriate temperature so as to obtain a deformation resistance that easily deforms and flows.
[0036]
In addition, as a device for applying a load for press-fitting and filling, a conventionally used processing machine may be used, for example, a press, a forging machine, a rolling mill, etc., and a processing apparatus suitable for the shape and dimensions of the product. Should be used.
[0037]
As a heating device for heating, a commonly used electric furnace is useful, and no special atmosphere adjustment is particularly required during heating. In other words, even if an oxide film is formed during heating, the oxide film on the surface of the filled metal material that deforms and flows greatly during press-fitting is completely destroyed, and the metal particles or metal lumps in the void and the base metal surface are almost in metal contact Therefore, the bonding interface has sufficient bonding strength, and the volume of the filling metal material filled in the gap is much larger than the volume of the oxide film, so that the deterioration of the mechanical bonding strength of the filling metal material is small. .
[0038]
By the way, the filling metal material combined with the base material having the surface layer having the aligned voids is not particularly limited in its manufacturing method and processing history, and may be powder sintered material, cast material, of course, processed material, at least Any metal material that can be deformed and flowed without being destroyed at the time of press-fitting and filling can be applied by appropriately performing heating at the time of press-fitting and filling.
[0039]
【Example】
In the following examples, a specific example will be described in which construction is performed by brazing using a vacuum brazing furnace to produce a square plate-like brazed composite material.
[0040]
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 9, a mild steel (material: SS400) plate 4a having a thickness of 22 mm and an area of 300 mm × 300 mm is used as a base material, and the brazing surface of the mild steel plate 4a is joined by brazing. A stainless steel mesh 2 (mesh opening: 3 mm, wire diameter: 0.65 mm) for arranging a copper plate 3 having a thickness of 0.1 mm and an area of 290 mm × 290 mm as a material and arranging the barrel ball 1 a thereon ) And an iron barrel ball 1a having a diameter of 3.2 mm was arranged for each 3 × 3 mesh. Then, a weight 5 was placed in contact with the barrel ball 1a so that the copper plate 3, the wire mesh 2 and the barrel ball 1a were adhered and fixed to the mild steel plate 4a.
[0041]
As the barrel ball 1a made of iron, a barrel layer coated in advance with a copper layer having a thickness of 20 μm was used.
[0042]
On the outer edge of the mild steel plate 4a, the area where the copper plate 3, the wire mesh 2 and the barrel ball 1a can be arranged on the joining surface of the mild steel plate 4a and the upper surface of the barrel ball 1a slightly protrude to prevent the brazing of the steel plate 4a. A flat-bottomed space with a depth of 5mm was dug.
[0043]
The construction was carried out using a normal vacuum brazing furnace, held at a temperature of 1000 ° C. for 90 minutes just below the melting point of copper as a brazing material in a vacuum atmosphere with a degree of vacuum of about 10 ⁻⁴ torr, and finally at 1135 ° C. Cooled after holding for 20 minutes. After holding at 1000 ° C. and after holding at 1135 ° C., the atmosphere was gradually replaced with nitrogen gas, and cooling was performed while gas was pressurized. After the cooling, the brazed composite taken out from the furnace is integrated as shown in FIG. 2 in which the mild steel plate 4a, the wire mesh 2 and the barrel ball 1a are aligned and integrated by the copper braze 3a formed by melting the copper plate 3 before construction. It was joined.
[0044]
Also in the microstructure observation of the cross section of the composite, it was confirmed that the mild steel plate 4a, the wire mesh 2 and the barrel ball 1a were integrally joined integrally by the copper brazing 3a.
[0045]
Further, white metal WJ2 (representative composition: 9% by weight antimony, 5% by weight copper, residual tin and inevitable impurities) was filled in the gap formed by the barrel ball 1a in order to obtain a sliding member and a bearing member.
[0046]
First, as shown in FIG. 2, the thickness of the steel plate 4a, the wire mesh 2 and the barrel ball 1a is 10 mm thick so as to come into contact with the barrel ball 1a of a composite plate (area: 60 mm × 60 mm) integrally aligned and joined. WJ2 plate (area: 50 mm x 40 mm) was placed on top, and in order to prevent excessive oxidation, the whole was wrapped with aluminum foil so that it was not exposed as much as possible, and was charged into an electric furnace in an air atmosphere for heating. .
[0047]
Heating temperature is 250 ° C and holding time is 1 hour. After the heating is finished, move it quickly onto the lower metal mat on the 35 ton hydraulic press, manually touch the upper metal anvil against the white metal side, and then move the lower metal anvil upward. To reduce the pressure on the white metal plate. The composite plate is not deformed, and only the white metal plate is deformed by the reduction, and particularly the lower side of the white metal plate in contact with the barrel ball 1a is greatly deformed and flows into the gap formed by the barrel ball 1a and the mild steel plate 4a. Filled, a composite material in which the composite plate and white metal were integrated was obtained.
[0048]
It is observed from the macro observation of the cut cross section that the composite with the integrated white metal as the outermost surface layer is filled with white metal that is almost deformed and flowed in the gap formed by the barrel ball 1a and the mild steel plate 4a. It was confirmed that the white metal and the mild steel plate 4a were joined to each other with a sufficient joining strength to form an integrated composite.
[0049]
Example 2
Instead of the white metal in Example 1, pure aluminum A1050 (purity: 99.5% or more) was used for integrated joining. A pure aluminum plate (area: 10 mm) so as to come into contact with the barrel ball 1a of a composite plate (area: 60 mm × 60 mm) in which the mild steel plate 4a, the wire mesh 2 and the barrel ball 1a shown in FIG. : 50 mm × 50 mm), and the whole was wrapped with aluminum foil so as not to be exposed as much as possible in order to prevent excessive oxidation, and then charged in an electric furnace in an air atmosphere for heating.
[0050]
The heating temperature is 650 ° C, the holding time is 1 hour, and after the heating is finished, move it quickly onto the lower metal mat on the 35 ton hydraulic press, manually touch the upper metal anvil on the pure aluminum side, and then raise the lower metal anvil hydraulically To reduce the pressure on a pure aluminum plate. The composite plate is not deformed, and only the pure aluminum plate is deformed by the reduction, and particularly the lower side of the pure aluminum plate in contact with the barrel ball 1a is greatly deformed and flowed into the gap formed by the barrel ball 1a and the mild steel plate 4a. Filled to obtain a composite material in which the composite plate and pure aluminum were integrated.
[0051]
From the macro observation of the cut cross-section, it is observed that the void formed by the barrel ball 1a and the mild steel plate 4a is almost filled with pure aluminum that is deformed and flowed in the composite having the integrated pure aluminum as the outermost surface layer. It was confirmed that pure aluminum and the mild steel plate 4a were joined with sufficient joint strength to form an integrated composite.
[0052]
Example 3
Instead of the white metal in Example 1, oxygen-free copper C1020 (purity: 99.96% or more) was used for integrated joining. An oxygen-free copper plate (area: 10 mm) so as to come into contact with the barrel ball 1a of a composite plate (area: 60 mm × 60 mm) in which the mild steel plate 4a, the wire mesh 2 and the barrel ball 1a shown in FIG. : 50 mm × 50 mm), and the whole was wrapped with copper foil so as not to be exposed as much as possible in order to prevent excessive oxidation, and charged in an electric furnace in an air atmosphere for heating. The heating temperature is 950 ° C, the holding time is 1 hour, and after the heating is finished, move it quickly onto the lower metal anvil of 35 ton hydraulic press, and manually contact the upper anvil with the oxygen-free copper plate side, Driven upward, a reduction was applied to the oxygen-free copper plate. The composite plate is not deformed, and only the oxygen-free copper plate is deformed by the reduction, and particularly the lower side of the oxygen-free copper plate in contact with the barrel ball 1a is greatly deformed and flowed into the gap formed by the barrel ball 1a and the mild steel plate 4a. Filled to obtain a composite material in which the composite plate and oxygen-free copper were integrated.
[0053]
It is observed from the macro observation of the cut cross section that the composite having the integrated oxygen-free copper as the outermost layer is filled with the deformed and flow-free oxygen-free copper in the void formed by the barrel ball 1a and the mild steel plate 4a. However, compared with the white metal and pure aluminum shown in Example 1 and Example 2, the ratio of the filling volume of oxygen-free copper to the volume of the voids was low. However, oxygen-free copper is considerably higher in strength as a single unit than white metal and pure aluminum, so it is judged that oxygen-free copper and mild steel plate 4a are bonded with sufficient bonding strength as an integrated composite. It was done.
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
(1) It is possible to obtain a composite member that is joined with sufficient strength to steel or the like in which a surface layer in which a void for compounding a metal material such as white metal occupies 30% by volume or more of the surface layer is a base material. .
[0055]
(2) A sliding member or bearing member excellent in lubricity, seizure resistance, and corrosion resistance by a relatively simple means of press-fitting a metal material such as white metal into the voids included in the surface layer; can do.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional arrangement view showing an example of arrangement of granular or massive materials as a process of manufacturing a plate-like sliding member or bearing member according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a composite manufactured according to the present invention and having a regular shape and size and having a surface layer having aligned voids joined to steel or the like as a base material.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a composite manufactured according to the present invention and having a regular shape and size and having a surface layer having aligned voids bonded to steel or the like as a base material. It is an enlarged view.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a composite in which a cut wire is used as a granular or agglomerated material, and has a surface layer having many regular shapes and sizes, and a surface layer having aligned voids joined to the base steel. It is a cross-sectional enlarged view.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a square groove among cross-sectional shapes processed into a base material or a weight in order to align granular or massive materials.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a triangular groove among cross-sectional shapes processed into a base material or a weight in order to align granular or massive materials.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a round groove in a cross-sectional shape processed into a base material or a weight in order to align granular or massive materials.
FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a composite member with a metal material manufactured according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional arrangement view showing an example of arrangement of granular or massive material as a process of manufacturing a plate-like sliding member or bearing member according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Granular or lump material 1a Barrel ball 1b Stainless steel ball 1c Stainless steel cut wire 2 Wire net 3 Copper plate 3a Copper brazing 3b Nickel iron 4 Base material 4a Mild steel plate 5 Weight 6 Filling metal 31 Square groove 32 Triangular groove 33 Round groove

Claims (6)

A metal net having a low-melting-point metal material on a metal base material and having an opening at regular intervals and a constant shape is arranged.
Forming a surface layer arranged in a single layer or several layers of metal grains or metal chunks with a spacing that the neighbors do not contact by aligning metal grains or metal chunks on this wire mesh,
Place the pressing material on this surface layer,
Pressing the pressing material while heating this surface layer to a temperature that is at least a temperature at which a liquid phase is generated in a part of the low melting point metal material and below the melting point of the base material and the metal particles or metal lump,
A method for producing a metal composite member used as a sliding member or a bearing member by press-fitting a metal material having a low melting point into a gap between metal particles or metal blocks arranged in a single layer or several layers. The method for producing a metal composite member according to claim 1, wherein a metal mesh made of the same kind of metal as the base material is used as the metal mesh, and the wire mesh is left in the metal composite member after the heat treatment. As the wire mesh, a wire mesh made of the same kind of metal as the low melting point metal that is press-fitted into the gaps between the metal grains or the metal lump is used. The method for producing a metal composite member according to claim 1 . A metal wire having a mesh size of 32 mesh or more, and a metal lump is a material having an equiaxed shape and a smooth surface. The manufacturing method of the metal composite member of description . The method for producing a metal composite member according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the granular or massive material is previously coated with a metal material having a low melting point . The method for producing a metal composite member according to claim 1, wherein a weir for preventing the low melting point metal material from flowing out as a liquid phase is provided on the outer edge of the surface of the base material .

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