JPH10159491A - Hinge structure of tunnel timbering material and expansion structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tunnel timbering material having excellent construction ability of spreading construction of the tunnel timbering material and to provide a tunnel excavation method using the timbering material, in a excavation of a tunnel by a tunnel boring machine (TBM machine). SOLUTION: At least one spot of a joint between pieces P and P, of which a timbering material is composed, forms hinge structure H. The inner peripheral ends of end faces T and T, positioned opposite to each other, of adjoining two pieces P and P of which the hinge structure H is composed are served as a hinge fulcrum, and during spreading, the end faces are formed in an adhering shape. A soil drop prevention plate 24 is arranged at the outside of the end part, and after spreading, the two end faces are fastened against each other by a fastening member. A gripper to support the reaction force of an excavator is arranged in a state to make contact with the inner peripheral surface of the timbering material. The excavator is supported by a gripper and thrust by a thrust jack and simultaneously with excavation, erection of the timbering material is effected. Further, the excavator is supported by a front jack and the gripper is pulled to the excavator side. Simultaneously with support of the excavator by the gripper, the timbering material is spread and excavation is effected.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hinge at a joint between pieces constituting a tunnel supporting material used for an expansion type tunnel excavating for excavating by a full-section excavator, widening a supporting material, and crimping it to the ground. Structure and expansion structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a tunnel boring machine (hereinafter, referred to as a TBM machine) used for tunnel excavation employs the following operations (1) to (4) as shown in FIGS. Has been promoting the TBM machine. (1) The excavator 1 is fixed by expanding the gripper 3. (2) The cutter head 2 of the excavator 1 is rotated to push the thrust jack 4 and move forward (see FIGS. 20 and 21). (3) After one stroke, the gripper 3 is contracted to advance the gripper portion G (see FIGS. 22 and 23). (4) The gripper 3 is expanded (see FIGS. 24 and 25), and the process proceeds to the next excavation step.

An open type TBM is used for a TBM machine.
There is a machine and a shield type TBM machine using a shield. There is also a type equipped with a shield jack in addition to the gripper, which can take propulsion reaction force from the tunnel liner, which is a support material, and excavate. In addition, FIG.
FIG. 25 shows an open type TBM machine.

[0004] The support in the TBM method is variously selected depending on the excavation ground, and the support structure also changes depending on whether the TBM machine is equipped with a shield jack, that is, whether the tunnel liner obtains the propulsion reaction force. And as a support pattern, no support,
Types such as shotcrete support, steel support, and tunnel liner (simple segment) are used.

[0005] As a method of adhering the support to the ground, this is particularly important when a tunnel liner is used, and a method of adhering the tunnel liner to the ground by an expansion method (a widened portion is filled with a refilling member). Alternately), a method of filling the back surface of the tunnel liner with a backfill material and closely contacting the ground (hereinafter referred to as “backnote”) has been performed.

The tunnel excavation by the TBM method has the following problems. In the gripper reaction force method, the gripper, which is an excavation reaction force support portion, is pressed against the ground and gripped, and the TBM machine can be advanced by thrust of a thrust jack or the like. When the reaction force at the ground cannot be obtained by the gripper, it is effective to change the support structure to a tunnel liner and change the thrust structure to jack thrust. However, the excavation is stopped only for the time required to prepare the tunnel liner, and not only the construction speed is delayed, but also the tightening force of the ground increases at the time, making it difficult to escape from the excavation.

Here, the tunnel liner used for the expansion-type tunnel excavation is reasonable and economical because it is not necessary to perform backnotes for close contact and stabilization with the ground. However, a series of operations, such as widening the tunnel liner with a widening jack and changing the widened portion with a changing member, requires a great deal of labor, is labor-intensive, and requires labor saving. And, when widening the tunnel liner with the widening jack, it is necessary to increase the widening force in order to sufficiently adhere to the ground and not to apply an uneven load to the tunnel liner. There is a problem that a stable support cannot be formed.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and can be used in a tunnel excavation method capable of reliably securing a reaction force of a gripper in tunnel excavation by a TBM machine. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hinge structure and an expansion structure of a tunnel support material which is excellent in workability of widening the tunnel support material.

[0009]

A hinge structure of a tunnel support material according to the present invention is a tunnel support used for an expansion-type tunnel excavation in which an excavator is used to excavate a full-section excavator to widen the support material and crimp the ground. At the joint between the pieces constituting the material, at least one of the joints has a hinge structure, and the inner peripheral end of the opposing end faces of two adjacent pieces forming the hinge structure is used as a hinge fulcrum. At the time of widening, the end faces are formed to be in close contact with each other, and a sediment drop prevention plate is provided outside the hinge portion so as to cover a gap between both end faces. After the widening, both end faces are fastened by a fastening member.

Here, it is preferable that the hinge fulcrums are connected by a plate-shaped hinge fulcrum forming member provided at the inner peripheral end of the opposing piece.

It is preferable that the hinge fulcrum is constituted by a rod material that penetrates a support member provided at an end of an inner peripheral surface of the opposing piece.

Alternatively, it is preferable that the earth and sand falling prevention plate is provided by bridging a flexible plate material between piece ends.

Further, the expansion structure of the tunnel support material of the present invention is a structure of a tunnel support material used for an excavation type tunnel excavation in which a full-section excavator is used to excavate, widen the support material and crimp the ground. ,
A plurality of through-holes are drilled at opposing positions of the piece end faces opposing the structure of the expansion section for widening the support material, and a guide member is inserted into the through-hole serving as a guide at the time of widening work. A fixing member is interposed in the hole so that both end faces are fixed in a widened state at a predetermined interval.
At the time of implementing the above-described hinge structure of the tunnel support material of the present invention, or at the time of implementing the expansion structure of the tunnel support material of the present invention, expansion performed by excavating with a full-section excavator, widening the support material and crimping it to the ground. A tunnel excavation method of the type, wherein a gripper for supporting a reaction force of the excavator is provided in contact with an inner peripheral surface of the support material, and the excavator is supported by the gripper, propelled by a thrust jack, excavated and simultaneously supported. A propulsion process for building the lumber, a gripper pulling process for pulling the gripper toward the excavator while supporting the excavator with the front jack,
It is suitable for use in a tunnel excavation method having a grip and a widening step of widening a supporting material while supporting an excavator with the gripper.

According to the present invention having the above-described structure, in the hinge structure of the joint between the pieces, the adjacent pieces rotate with each other without difficulty. The width can be reliably and easily increased without generating a large resistance.

Here, at the time of the widening, the support structure rotates around the inner peripheral side of the end of the piece by the hinge structure according to the present invention, and at the time of widening, the end faces of the piece are in close contact with each other, so that the circumferential load is steadily increased. Can be transmitted.

If the present invention is applied to the above-described tunnel excavation method having a grip and a widening step of widening the support material while the gripper supports the excavator, widening by the gripper is efficiently performed. Is transmitted to the ground through the support material, and the contact pressure area on the ground is indirectly increased, so that a reliable grip reaction force can be obtained. According to this construction method, the propulsion of the excavator, the installation of the supporting material, and the widening are performed at the same time, thereby shortening the process.

In addition, when the expansion structure of the present invention is implemented, it is preferable to provide an elastic body. In this case, it is particularly preferable to employ the hinge structure described above. Thereby, the stress acting on the tunnel liner is appropriately dispersed.

[0018]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3 show an embodiment of an expansion portion X of a tunnel liner L as a support material. In these examples, the pieces P of the tunnel liner L are connected at the connecting portions S, and the connecting portions at the top end form the hinge portions H, and are widened in the left-right direction. FIG. 1 is a diagram in which one expansion portion X is provided at the bottom, FIG. 2 is a diagram in which two expansion portions X are provided, and FIG. 3 is a diagram in which both ends of the inversion portion V are expansion portions X. It is.

FIGS. 4 to 9 show an embodiment of the hinge structure. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the pieces P, P adjacent to each other are connected by a hinge fulcrum forming member 21 of a plate material provided at the end of the inner peripheral surface N, and the inner peripheral ends C of the piece end surfaces T, T are connected. Forming a fulcrum. Through holes 22 and 22 are provided at the opposing positions of the piece end faces T and T, and a round steel member 23 serving as a guide member is inserted. The round steel member 23 has nut-shaped retaining members attached to both ends. An earth and sand fall protection plate 24 is provided outside the end of one piece P (on the ground side) so as to cover the gap between both end faces T. And
After the expansion, as shown in FIG.
The two end faces T of T are closely contacted and fixed by bolts and nuts 25 as fastening members.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show an angle iron 21A in which a hinge member is fixed to the ends of the inner peripheral surface N of the pieces P, P.
Are connected by bolts 26, and other structures are the same as those in the example of FIG. FIG. 6 shows the state before expansion, and FIG. 7 shows the state after expansion.

Further, in the examples shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the earth and sand fall protection plate 24A is provided as a flexible plate material so as to extend between the two pieces P.

In the above hinge structure H, the elasticity of the hinge fulcrum forming member 21 or the angle iron 21A and the bolt 2
6, the pieces P, P can rotate with the inner peripheral end of the piece end face T as a fulcrum C, and the earth and sand fall prevention plate 24 provided above the open gap,
24A prevents intrusion of earth and sand. In addition, the round steel material 23 inserted into the through hole 22 in the end face T functions as a shear reinforcement, maintaining an interval during temporary assembly, and a guide during expansion. Then, both end surfaces T, T are tightly fixed by bolts 25 by expansion, so that the tunnel liner L has a stable ring shape.

FIGS. 10 and 11 show an embodiment of the expansion section X. FIG. FIG. 10 shows the state before expansion, and the end faces e of the facing pieces P, P,
Through holes 28, 28 are formed in e, and a round steel material 27 as a guide member is inserted through the through holes 28 to serve as a guide at the time of expansion. Then, as shown in FIG. 11, at the time of the expansion, both the widened pieces P,
In the example shown in the figure, a round steel 29 which is a fixing member having two threaded portions at both ends is interposed between P, and lock nuts 30 and 30 are provided.
Is fixed at a predetermined interval. Therefore, there is an advantage that the amount of expansion can be relatively freely adjusted, and the axial force and the bending load can be resisted immediately after the expansion.

Here, in the embodiment shown in FIG.
By providing the elastic part in the expansion part, it is possible to disperse the stress due to the load applied to the tunnel liner from the ground. FIGS. 26 to 28 specifically show this. In FIG. 26, the same members as those shown in FIG. 11 are denoted by the same reference numerals. FIG.
Numeral 6 indicates the expansion time, and the end plates ep, ep and e in each of the opposing pieces P, P are shown.
Elastic bodies E-1 and E-1 made of, for example, a hard rubber material (or a high-rigidity rubber material) are provided between -p1 and ep1. End plate ep, ep
And elastic bodies E-1, E-1 and end plates ep1,
Between the ep1 and the ep1, a not-shown through-hole (corresponding to a through-hole indicated by reference numeral 28 in FIG. 11) is formed, and a round steel material 29 is inserted through the through-hole. Plays a guide during expansion. In addition, 3
A member denoted by reference numeral 0 is a lock nut for fixing.

As shown in FIGS. 27 and 28, an elastic body E-1 may be interposed as a refilling member between the end plates PP, PP of the opposed pieces P, P.

According to the embodiment in which the elastic members E and E-1 are provided in the expansion portion as shown in FIGS. 26 to 28, when a load is applied to the tunnel liner from the ground, a hard rubber material or a high rigid rubber material is used. Elastic bodies E, E, E-1 composed of
Shrinks, dispersing the stress in the tunnel liner. Here, in the case of a tunnel support material having a hinge structure as in the embodiment of FIG. 26, the hinge structure itself including the through hole and the round steel material 29 has a function of deforming a ring composed of a plurality of pieces P. Therefore, the effect of providing the elastic bodies E, E (the effect of promoting deformation and dispersing stress)
Plays very well. However, even in the case where the hinge structure is not provided as in the embodiments of FIGS. 27 and 28, the elastic body E-1 serving as the refilling member of the expansion portion is slightly deformed, so that the stress acting on the tunnel liner is dispersed and reduced. It has the effect.

Next, a tunnel excavation method using the support material structure of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. A TBM machine (excavator) generally denoted by reference numeral 1 is an open type that does not use a shield. The excavator 2 includes a cutter head that rotates and excavates, and a bearing and a driving device thereof. It comprises a first gripper 3 as a support part and a thrust jack 4 as a propulsion part. A tunnel liner L, which is a supporting material, is sequentially provided on the inner periphery of the tunnel after excavation by the TBM machine 1 by being pressed against the ground E. Tunnel liner L
Shows the state before the expansion in FIG. 12,
A hinge portion H is provided on the ceiling portion, and the bottom portion is an expansion portion X. Note that the illustrated example is composed of four pieces.

FIG. 12 shows an excavation start state. As shown in FIG. 15, the first gripper 3 is widened and abuts on the inner peripheral surface of the tunnel liner L to support the TBM machine 1. Then, as shown in FIG. 13, the cutter head of the excavating unit 2 rotates to perform excavation, the thrust jack 4 is extended, and the reaction force is supported by the gripper 3 and transmitted to the tunnel liner L indicated by the symbol B. , TBM machine 1 is propelled. When one stroke is propelled, a new tunnel liner L is erected at the position indicated by the symbol A (propulsion process).

Then, the expansion portion X of the tunnel liner L at the position indicated by the symbol B is replaced with a steel material, a quick-hardening concrete or the like (see FIG. 19). Next, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 6, the excavation part 2 is temporarily fixed by the front jack 5 and the gripper 3 is contracted, and the gripper 3 is drawn toward the excavation part 2 by the thrust jack 4 (gripper drawing step).

Next, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the gripper 3 is expanded and the TBM machine 1 is gripped (supported), and the tunnel liner L at the position indicated by the symbol A is expanded (grip and grip). Widening process). Then, the process returns to the propulsion process again for the next excavation.

In this excavation method, unlike the conventional expansion method using a widening jack, the loading and unloading of the widening jack can be omitted, so that not only the process can be shortened, but also work in high places and heavy objects can be eliminated. Safety is improved.

Then, the pressing force of the gripper 3 is transmitted to the ground E through the tunnel liner L, and the contact area with the ground E is indirectly increased, so that a reliable gripping reaction force can be obtained. Further, even in a place where it is difficult to hold and fix with a normal gripper such as a soft rock portion, a large reaction force can be obtained with a low pressing surface pressure due to an increase in a ground contact area, and the soft rock portion is excellently adapted. The force pressed by the gripper 3 is transmitted between the pieces P of the tunnel liner L and acts in a ring shape, so that the end of the gripper 3 can be reduced in size, and the work space in the tunnel shaft can be reduced. Expansion becomes possible.

Further, since the expansion of the tunnel liner L and the grip of the TBM machine 1 are performed at the same time, the process is shortened.

In the open type TBM method, conventionally, a gripper may be used after the tunnel liner is installed, and the tunnel liner may be damaged. However, the present invention has a structure in which the tunnel liner can be expanded and deformed. Such trouble does not occur.

Since the grip and the expansion are performed at the same time, the expansion is performed very early when the ground does not loosen, and a stable support can be formed. The expansion-type tunnel liner does not require backnotes, and is reasonable and economical.

[0036]

As described above, if the hinge structure or the expansion structure of the tunnel support material of the present invention is used, the workability, workability, and safety, such as changing the width of the widened portion due to the expansion, which has been conventionally considered to be a problem. Can be improved. In addition, the tunnel liner can be prevented from being damaged due to the fact that the tunnel liner has a structure capable of widening deformation and the ground contact pressure of the gripper can be reduced.

Further, the hinge portion and the expansion portion according to the present invention have a simple structure and are suitable for widening by the gripper, and the tunnel liner can be surely widened and formed into a ring shape to maintain the strength.

Then, using the structure of the support material of the present invention,
If a tunnel excavation method having a grip and a widening step of widening the support material while supporting the excavator with the gripper is performed, the support of the gripper reaction force and the expansion of the support material can be simultaneously performed, which is efficient. It is. In addition, the gripper reaction force increases the contact pressure section with the ground, so that a greater grip force can be obtained with a small gripper contact pressure.

Furthermore, if an elastic body is provided in the expansion section, the stress acting on the tunnel liner is dispersed,
It is possible to reduce.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment having one expansion unit.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment having two expansion units.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment in which two expansion units are provided in an inversion unit.

FIG. 4 is a detailed view showing an embodiment of a hinge structure.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state after the expansion of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a detailed view showing another embodiment of the hinge structure.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state after the expansion of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a detailed view showing another embodiment of the hinge structure.

FIG. 9 is a view showing a state after the expansion of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a detailed view showing another embodiment of the expansion unit.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a state after the expansion of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing an excavation start state of the tunnel excavation method of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing a state in which one stroke is propelled from the state of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a view showing a tunnel liner having a section A in FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a sectional view taken along the line B in FIG. 13;

FIG. 16 is a sectional view showing a state where the gripper is drawn from the state of FIG. 13;

FIG. 17 is a sectional view showing a state where the grip and the expansion are performed from the state of FIG. 16;

18 is a sectional view taken along the line A in FIG. 17;

19 is a sectional view taken along the line B in FIG. 17;

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing an excavation start state of the conventional TBM method.

FIG. 21 is a sectional view taken at right angles to the tunnel axis in FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of excavation promotion in a conventional TBM method.

FIG. 23 is a sectional view taken at right angles to the tunnel axis in FIG. 22;

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing a gripper pulled state in a conventional TBM method.

FIG. 25 is a sectional view taken at right angles to the tunnel axis in FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a view showing still another embodiment of the expansion section in the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the expansion unit according to the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 27;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... TBM machine (excavator) 2 ... Excavation part 3 ... Gripper 4 ... Thrust jack 5 ... Front jack 21 ... Hinge fulcrum forming material 22, 28 ... Through-hole 23 , 27 ... Round steel (guide member) 24 ... Earth and sand fall prevention plate 25 ... Bolt 26 ... Bolt 29 ... Round steel (fixing member) 30 ... Lock nut C ... Hinge L: Tunnel liner H: Hinge part N: Inner peripheral surface of support material P: Piece of tunnel liner S: Connection part T: Hinge End face of the constituent piece X: Expansion part E, E-1 ... Elastic body

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Shigehito Kaji 1-2-7 Motogasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kaname Aoyama 1-Kandanishikicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 8 Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. Tokyo Branch (72) Inventor Hiroaki Suzuki 1 Kanda Midoshiro-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Masayuki Okimoto 20 Shintomi, Futtsu-shi, Chiba -1 Nippon Steel Corporation Technology Development Division (72) Inventor Noriyuki Hirosawa 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu City, Chiba Prefecture Nippon Steel Corporation Technology Development Division

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A joining section between pieces constituting a tunnel supporting material used for an expansion type tunnel excavation for excavating by a full-section excavator, widening a supporting material and crimping the supporting material to a ground, wherein the joining portion is used. At least one of the hinge structures has a hinge structure, and the inner peripheral ends of the opposing end faces of two adjacent pieces forming the hinge structure are formed as hinge fulcrums, and the end faces are formed in a shape in which they are in close contact with each other at the time of widening,
A hinge structure for a tunnel supporting material, wherein a sediment drop prevention plate is provided outside the hinge portion so as to cover a gap between both end surfaces, and the both end surfaces are fastened by a fastening member after widening. 2. The hinge structure of a tunnel support member according to claim 1, wherein the hinge fulcrum is connected by a plate-shaped hinge fulcrum forming member provided at an inner peripheral surface end of the opposing piece. 3. The hinge structure of a tunnel support member according to claim 1, wherein the hinge fulcrum is constituted by a rod material that penetrates a support member provided at an end of an inner peripheral surface of the piece facing the hinge support point. 4. The hinge structure for a tunnel supporting material according to claim 1, wherein the earth and sand falling prevention plate is provided by bridging a flexible plate material between piece ends. 5. An expansion structure of a tunnel supporting material used for an expansion type tunnel excavation in which an excavator is excavated by a full-section excavator to widen a supporting material and press-fit it to the ground, wherein an expansion portion for widening the supporting material is provided. A plurality of through-holes are drilled at opposing positions of the piece end faces opposing the structure, and a guide member is inserted into a through-hole serving as a guide during widening work, and after widening, a fixing member is inserted into a through-hole for a fixing member. An expansion structure of a tunnel support material, wherein both end faces are fixed in a widened state at predetermined intervals. 6. An expansion-type tunnel excavation method for excavating by a full-section excavator, widening a support material and pressing the support material to the ground, wherein a gripper for supporting a reaction force of the excavator is provided on an inner periphery of the support material. The excavator is provided in contact with the surface, and the excavator is supported by the gripper and propelled by the thrust jack to perform excavation, and at the same time, the supporting material is erected. A gripper pulling step for pulling, and a grip for supporting an excavator with the gripper and widening a support material at the same time.
The expansion part structure of a tunnel supporting material according to claim 5, which is used in a tunnel excavation method having a widening step. 7. The expansion section structure of a tunnel support material according to claim 5, wherein an elastic body is provided on the expansion section.