JP3014038B2 - Tunnel excavation method and tunnel support material - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an expansion-type tunnel excavation method for excavating with a full-section excavator, widening a support material, and crimping the support material to the ground, and a tunnel support material thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, tunnel excavation is used.
In a tunnel boring machine (hereinafter, referred to as a TBM machine) of a self-propelled full-section excavator, its components are a cutter head as an excavation part, its bearings and a driving device,
It can be roughly divided into three parts: a gripper that is the excavation reaction force support part, and a thrust jack that is the propulsion part.

[0003] The construction method using the TBM machine is as follows:
As shown in FIGS. 28 to 33, the following operation is repeated to promote the TBM machine. (1) The excavator 1 is fixed by expanding the gripper 3. (2) The cutter head 2 of the excavator 1 is rotated to push the thrust jack 4 and move forward (see FIGS. 28 and 29). (3) After one stroke is propelled, the gripper 3 is contracted to advance the gripper portion G (see FIGS. 30 and 31). (4) The gripper 3 is expanded (see FIGS. 32 and 33), and the process proceeds to the next excavation. Further, the TBM machine includes an open type TBM machine and a shield type TBM machine using a shield, and there is also a type equipped with a shield jack in addition to a gripper and capable of excavating a reaction force from a tunnel liner which is a support material. Note that FIG.
8 to 33 show an open type TBM
Machine.

On the other hand, the support structure in the TBM method is variously selected depending on the excavation ground, and the support structure changes depending on whether the TBM machine is equipped with a shield jack, that is, whether a propulsion reaction force is applied to the tunnel liner. come. And as a support pattern, no support,
Types such as shotcrete support, steel support, and tunnel liner (simple segment) are used.

[0005] As a method of adhering the support to the ground (particularly, this is important when a tunnel liner is used), a tunnel liner having a structure that can be widened in the centrifugal direction (hereinafter referred to as an "expansion structure"). (Hereinafter, this step is referred to as “expansion construction”), and is closely adhered to the ground. If necessary, a widened portion is replaced with a refilling member. ), A method of filling the back surface of the tunnel liner with a backfill material (hereinafter referred to as “backnote”) and bringing it into close contact with the ground.

[0006] The tunnel excavation by the TBM method has the following problems. In the gripper reaction force system, the gripper that is the excavation reaction force support part is pressed against the ground to grip it, and the TBM machine can move forward with the thrust of the thrust jack etc. However, the soft rock part where the ground strength is not sufficient, etc. In such a case, the gripper reaction force cannot be secured, and a trouble that the TBM machine cannot move forward may occur.

When the reaction force at the ground cannot be removed by the gripper, it is effective to switch the support structure to a tunnel liner and change to a jack thrust.
In the conventional technique, the excavation stops until the tunnel liner is prepared, and not only the construction speed is delayed, but also the tightening force of the ground increases during this time, and it becomes difficult to escape from the excavation.

On the other hand, in a tunnel liner used in an expansion-type tunnel excavation method, a method of adhering and stabilizing the ground liner is rational and economical without performing backnotes. However, a series of operations, such as widening the tunnel liner with a widening jack and changing the widened portion with a changing member or the like, requires labor and is labor-intensive, and requires labor saving. And labor saving of expansion construction leads to shortening of the process.

When the tunnel liner is widened by the widening jack, if there is no sufficient widening force, the adhesion to the ground becomes insufficient, and an uneven load acts on the tunnel liner.
There is also a problem that stable support such as generation of large deformation and stress cannot be formed.

[0010] In the TBM tunnel pit, especially the TBM
In the vicinity of the machine, the working space is narrow due to various equipments and the like, and the working environment for the expansion construction of the tunnel liner is not favorable.

[0011] Then, it is necessary to build a support in a situation where the loosening of the ground immediately after the excavation does not proceed, but as described above, it is difficult to complete the expansion of the tunnel liner very early in the excavation, It is easy to use for expansion work.

[0012]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel excavation method and a tunnel support material which can reliably secure the reaction force of a gripper and at the same time have excellent workability in expanding a tunnel liner. And

[0013]

A tunnel excavation method according to the present invention is directed to an expansion type tunnel excavation method for excavating with a full-section excavator, widening a support material, and crimping the ground, and a reaction force of the excavator. A first gripper for supporting the excavator is provided in contact with the inner wall of the support material, and the first gripper is extended to press the support material against the inner wall of the tunnel, to support an excavator and to excavate by thrust jack. At the same time, a propelling step of erection of the support material, a gripper pulling step of supporting the excavator with the front jack and pulling the first gripper toward the excavator, and supporting the excavator with the first gripper and simultaneously supporting the excavator. And a widening step for expanding the width.

Further, a second gripper for ground can be provided in the shield tail portion and can be used together with the first gripper. The first gripper is detachable and used only for widening the support material. It is also possible.

Further, the tunnel support material of the present invention is a tunnel support material used in an expansion-type tunnel excavation method of excavating with a full-section excavator, widening the support material, and crimping the support material to the ground. A rough surface is formed on the crimped surface with the mountain, the supporting material is composed of a plurality of pieces, the plurality of pieces are connected via a joint, and a structure capable of bending at least one portion of the joint is used. In addition to the bent structure, at least one portion has a structure capable of widening in the centrifugal direction.

Here, it is preferable that the bending structure of the supporting member is a hinge structure.

Alternatively, the support member may have a bent structure in which an elastic body is interposed between the pieces.

[0018]

In addition, it is preferable to provide an elastic body at the expansion portion of the tunnel support material, that is, at the portion where the expansion structure is employed. In this case, it is particularly preferable to provide an elastic body in the expansion portion of the tunnel support member employing the above-described hinge structure.

According to the present invention having the above-described configuration, the pressing force of the gripper is transmitted to the ground through the support material, so that the contact pressure area on the ground is indirectly increased, and the reliable operation is ensured. Grip reaction force can be obtained. Then, the propulsion of the excavator, the installation of the supporting material, and the widening are performed at the same time, thereby shortening the process.

[0021]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 8, a TBM machine (excavator) generally denoted by reference numeral 1 is an open type that does not use a shield, and includes a cutter head that rotates and excavates, and a bearing and a driving device thereof. Excavation part 2, first gripper 3, which is an excavation reaction force support part,
And a thrust jack 4 as a propulsion unit. Then, on the inner periphery of the tunnel after excavation by the TBM machine 1, a tunnel liner L, which is a supporting material, is sequentially placed on the ground E.
It is provided by crimping. Tunnel liner L
FIG. 3 shows a state before the expansion, in which a hinge portion H is provided at a top end, and a bottom portion is an expansion portion X.
It has become. Note that the illustrated example is composed of four pieces.

FIG. 1 shows an excavation start state. As shown in FIG. 4, the first gripper 3 is widened and abuts against the inner wall of the tunnel liner L to support the TBM machine 1. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the cutter head of the excavating section 2 rotates to perform excavation, the thrust jack 4 is extended, and the reaction force is supported by the gripper 3 and transmitted to the tunnel liner L indicated by the symbol B. , TBM machine 1 is propelled. When one stroke is propelled, a new tunnel liner L is erected at the position indicated by the symbol A (propulsion process).

Then, the expansion portion X of the tunnel liner L at the position indicated by the symbol B is replaced with a steel material, a quick-hardening concrete or the like (see FIG. 8). Next, as shown in FIG. 5, the excavation part 2 is temporarily fixed by the front jack 5, the gripper 3 is contracted, and the gripper 3 is drawn toward the excavation part 2 by the thrust jack 4 (gripper pulling step).

Next, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the gripper 3 is expanded and the TBM machine 1 is gripped (supported), and the tunnel liner L at the position indicated by reference numeral A is expanded (grip and grip). Widening process). Then, the process returns to the propulsion process again for the next excavation.

FIGS. 9 to 11 show an embodiment of the expansion section X of the tunnel liner L. FIG.
9 shows a case where one expansion portion X is provided at the bottom, FIG. 10 shows a case where two expansion portions X are provided, and FIG. 11 shows a case where both ends of the inversion portion V are expansion portions X. . These expansion parts X are rearranged after expansion using a rearrangement member such as a square bar, a steel material, a pipe, or concrete. In the case of concrete, ultra-fast hardening or ultra-high-strength concrete is suitable.

FIGS. 12 to 15 show an embodiment of a bent structure of the tunnel liner L. FIG. FIG.
FIG. 13 shows an example in which the ends of the pieces P and P are engaged as a hinge structure H1, FIG. 13 shows an example in which an elastic body H2 is interposed between the pieces P and P and the pieces P and P are capable of being bent, and FIG. , P engaged as convex and concave ends, FIG.
The hinge H4 is provided on the inner surface side of the liner, and the pieces P and P are engaged.

FIGS. 16 and 17 show an embodiment of the pressure bonding surface of the back surface of the tunnel liner L with the ground. In FIG. 16, a spike is implanted on the entire surface of the crimping surface S1, and in FIG. 17, the crimping surface S2 is roughened, so that when the gripper is pressed, the adhesion with the ground is enhanced and the shear slip resistance is increased. It has been subjected.

FIG. 18 shows another embodiment.
In this example, the tunnel liner L does not have a bent structure unlike the example shown above, has a structure divided into two by the expansion parts X, X, and is widened by the gripper 3.

FIG. 19 shows an embodiment of a shield type TBM machine 1A. A ground grip second gripper 6 is provided on the shield tail portion, and the first gripper 3 may be detachably used only for widening the tunnel liner L, and propelled in the same manner as the open type described above. A device that applies a reaction force may be used, or a large grip force may be obtained in combination with the second gripper 6.

FIGS. 20 to 25 show another embodiment of the hinge structure. In the example shown in FIG. 20, the pieces P, P are connected by a hinge fulcrum forming member 21 of a plate material provided at the inner wall side end of the piece P, a through hole 22 is provided at a position facing the end face, and a round steel material 23 is inserted. The round steel member 23 is provided with nut-shaped retaining members at both ends. The round steel material 23 functions as a shear reinforcement, maintaining an interval during temporary assembly, and as a guide during expansion. An earth and sand fall protection plate 24 is provided outside the end of one piece P to cover the gap at both ends. Then, after the expansion, both ends of the pieces P, P are fixed with bolts and nuts 25 as shown in FIG.

In the example shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, the hinge member is fixed to the pieces P, and the angle iron 21A fixed to the ends of the pieces P is connected by bolts 26. Is the same as FIG. 22 shows the state before expansion, and FIG. 23 shows the state after expansion.

In the example shown in FIGS. 24 and 25,
The earth and sand fall protection plate 24A is a bridge between the two pieces P, P as a flexible plate material.

FIGS. 26 and 27 show another embodiment of the expansion unit. FIG. 26 shows a state before the expansion, in which through-holes 28, 28 are drilled at the ends e, e of the facing pieces P, P, and a round steel material 27 is inserted into the through-hole 28, thereby providing a guide at the time of expansion. Plays. As shown in FIG. 27, at the time of expansion, a round steel 29 having two threaded portions at both ends in the illustrated example is interposed between the widened pieces P, P, and fixed with lock nuts 30, 30. . There is an advantage that the expansion amount can be relatively freely adjusted, and the axial force and the bending load can be resisted immediately after the expansion.

Here, in the embodiment shown in FIG.
By providing an elastic body in the expansion section, it is possible to disperse the stress due to the load applied to the tunnel liner from the ground. FIGS. 34 to 36 show this concretely. In FIG. 34, the same members as those shown in FIG. 27 are denoted by the same reference numerals. FIG.
Indicates the expansion time, and the end plates ep, ep, and e in each of the opposing pieces P, P
Elastic bodies E-1 and E-1 made of, for example, a hard rubber material (or a high-rigidity rubber material) are provided between -p1 and ep1. End plate ep, ep
And elastic bodies E-1, E-1 and end plates ep1,
Through holes (not shown) (corresponding to the holes indicated by reference numeral 28 in FIG. 27) are drilled between the ep1 and the ep1, and the round steel material 29 is inserted into the through holes. Plays a guide during expansion. In addition, 3
A member denoted by reference numeral 0 is a lock nut for fixing.

As shown in FIGS. 35 and 36, an elastic body E-1 may be interposed between the end pieces PP and PP of the facing pieces P and P as a refilling member.

According to the embodiment in which the elastic members E and E-1 are provided in the expansion portion as shown in FIGS. 34 to 36, when a load is applied to the tunnel liner from the ground, a hard rubber material or a high rigid rubber material is used. Elastic bodies E, E, E-1 composed of
Shrinks, dispersing the stress in the tunnel liner. Here, in the case of a tunnel support material having a hinge structure as in the embodiment of FIG. 34, the hinge structure itself including the through-hole and the round steel material 29 has a function of deforming a ring composed of a plurality of pieces P. Therefore, the effect of providing the elastic bodies E, E (the effect of promoting deformation and dispersing stress)
Plays very well. However, even in the case where the hinge structure is not provided as in the embodiments of FIGS. 35 and 36, the elastic body E-1 which is a refilling member of the expansion portion is slightly deformed, so that the stress acting on the tunnel liner is dispersed and reduced. It has the effect.

As the back structure of the tunnel liner L,
The pressure contact surface with the ground may be a structure using expanded metal or a steel plate with protrusions. In the case where a steel frame is used to form a frame and concrete is not poured into the frame, a load that widens by the gripper is applied. Therefore, it is preferable to use a strength member such as a channel steel for the vertical ribs.

The operation and effect will be described below. The pressing force of the gripper 3 is transmitted to the ground E via the tunnel liner L, and the ground contact area with the ground E is indirectly increased, so that a reliable gripping reaction force can be obtained. And even in a place where it is difficult to hold and fix with a normal gripper such as a soft rock portion, a large reaction force can be obtained with a low pressing surface pressure due to an increase in the ground contact area, and the soft rock portion is excellently adapted. The force pressed by the gripper 3 is transmitted between the pieces P of the tunnel liner L and acts in a ring shape, so that the end of the gripper 3 can be reduced in size, and the work space in the tunnel shaft can be reduced. Expansion becomes possible.

Since the expansion of the tunnel liner L and the grip of the TBM machine 1 are performed simultaneously, the number of steps is reduced. Further, unlike the conventional expansion method using a widening jack, the tunnel liner L is reliably pressed from the inside of the mine to the ground, and the adhesion to the ground is improved. Also, loading and unloading of the widening jack is omitted.
Heavy work is eliminated, and workability and safety are improved.

In the open type TBM method, a gripper may be used after the tunnel liner is installed, which may damage the tunnel liner.
In the present invention, such a trouble does not occur because the tunnel liner has a structure capable of widening deformation.

Since the grip and the expansion are performed at the same time, the expansion is performed at the very beginning when the ground does not loosen, and a stable support can be formed. The expansion-type tunnel liner does not require backnotes, and is reasonable and economical.

[0042]

As described above, according to the present invention,
Since the gripper reaction force and the expansion of the support material are simultaneously performed, the workability and workability of the expansion, which have conventionally been problems, can be improved. The gripper reaction force is designed to increase the contact pressure section with the ground, so that a larger gripping force can be obtained with a small gripper contact pressure and the tunnel liner can be expanded and deformed, and the gripper contact pressure should be reduced. And so on
The breakage of the tunnel liner can be prevented.

Further, if an elastic body is provided in the expansion section, the stress acting on the tunnel liner is dispersed,
It is possible to reduce.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an excavation start state according to an embodiment of a tunnel excavation method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a state where one stroke is propelled from the state of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a view showing a tunnel liner having a section A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line B in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a state where the gripper is pulled from the state of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a state where the grip and the expansion are performed from the state of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line A in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line B in FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment with one expansion.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment with two expansions.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an embodiment in which two expansions are provided in an inverting unit.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a hinge structure.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a center bending structure using an elastic body.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the hinge structure.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing still another embodiment of the hinge structure.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing a crimping surface of the tunnel liner of the present invention with the ground.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the crimping surface of the tunnel liner with the ground.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the tunnel liner.

FIG. 19 is a sectional view showing an embodiment using a shield type TBM method.

FIG. 20 is a detailed view showing another embodiment of the hinge structure.

FIG. 21 is a view showing a state after the expansion of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is a detailed view showing another embodiment of the hinge structure.

FIG. 23 is a view showing a state after the expansion of FIG. 22;

FIG. 24 is a detailed view showing another embodiment of the hinge structure.

FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a state after the expansion of FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a detailed view showing another embodiment of the expansion unit.

FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a state after the expansion of FIG. 26;

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view showing a starting state of excavation in the conventional TBM method.

FIG. 29 is a sectional view taken at right angles to the tunnel axis in FIG. 28;

FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of excavation promotion in a conventional TBM method.

FIG. 31 is a sectional view taken at right angles to the tunnel axis in FIG. 30;

FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view showing a gripper pulled state in a conventional TBM method.

FIG. 33 is a sectional view taken at right angles to the tunnel axis in FIG. 32;

FIG. 34 is a view showing still another embodiment of the expansion section in the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the expansion unit according to the present invention.

FIG. 36 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 35;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... TBM machine (excavator) 2 ... Excavation part 3 ... Gripper 4 ... Thrust jack 5 ... Front jack E ... Ground mountain L ... Tunnel liner H ... Hinge Part V: Inverted part X: Expansion part E, E-1 ... Elastic body

Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Shigehito Kaji 1-2-7 Motogasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Kaoru Aoyama 1-8 Kandanishikicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Sumitomo Univ. Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. Tokyo Branch (72) Inventor Hiroaki Suzuki 1 Kanda Midoshiro-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Masayuki Okimoto 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu-shi, Chiba Nippon Steel Corporation Technology Development Division (72) Inventor Noriyuki Hirosawa 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu City, Chiba Prefecture Nippon Steel Corporation Technology Development Division (56) References JP-A-51-225928 (JP, A) JP-B-47-24811 (JP, B1) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 11/14 E21D 11/04 E21D 9/10 E21D 9/06 302

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. An expansion tunnel excavation method in which a full-section excavator is used to excavate, widen a support material, and press-fit against a ground, wherein a first gripper for supporting a reaction force of the excavator is provided on the support material. A propulsion step of abutting against the inner wall, extending the first gripper, pressing the support material against the inner wall of the tunnel, supporting the excavator, propelling and excavating with a thrust jack, and simultaneously constructing the support material, A gripper pulling step of supporting the excavator with a front jack and pulling the first gripper toward the excavator;
A gripper and a step of widening the supporting material while supporting the excavator with the gripper of (1). 2. The excavator is of a shield type,
2. The tunnel excavation method according to claim 1, wherein a second gripper for ground is provided on a shield tail portion and used in combination with the first gripper. 3. 3. The first gripper is detachable,
3. The tunnel excavation method according to claim 2, wherein the tunnel excavation is used only for widening the support material. 4. A tunnel supporting material used in an expansion-type tunnel excavation method in which a full-section excavator excavates, widens a supporting material, and press-bonds the same to a ground. A surface is formed, and the supporting material is composed of a plurality of pieces, the plurality of pieces are connected via a joint, and at least one of the joints is formed into a middle-foldable structure that is capable of being folded in the middle. A tunnel supporting material, wherein at least one portion is an expansion portion having a structure capable of widening in a centrifugal direction. 5. The tunnel support member according to claim 4, wherein the center-fold structure portion has a hinge structure. 6. The tunnel support material according to claim 4, wherein the middle bending structure portion has a structure in which an elastic body is interposed between pieces. 7. The tunnel support material according to claim 4, wherein an elastic body is provided on an expansion portion of the tunnel support material.