JPH10152385A - Production of organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an organic fertilizer having uniform quality, free from inhibition of growth of a plant in a short production day by adding natural wallastonite and concentrated sulfuric acid to feces and urine of livestock to afford granular culture medium, adding an effective microorganism to the culture medium, using a part of the culture medium as seed bacterium and continuously carrying out culture and fermentation by repeated use of the culture medium. SOLUTION: Natural wallastonite is reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce sol and further gel. Feces and urine of livestock are aggregated in porous material by strong active force of silicic acid sol and silicic acid gel to form granules having air permeability and water-permeability. Granules becomes optimum culture medium of bacteria and enzymes. Since water content controlling agent such as sawdust, straw or bark is not required in order to convert feces and urine to organic fertilizer, phenolic acid is not produced and the fertilizer is free from growth inhibition factor to a plant. The granules completely humified by fermentation have no factor causing nitrification. As the granules are fertile and has air permeability and water permeability, the fertilizer is optimum as a soil improver.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for producing an organic fertilizer. More specifically, by adding and mixing natural wollastonite and concentrated sulfuric acid to animal manure, water content can be adjusted, and by fermenting it, the number of days can be reduced, and uniform quality can be obtained.
The present invention relates to a method for continuously producing an organic fertilizer without a risk of inhibiting the growth of a plant and at a low production cost.
The organic fertilizer can be reduced to land and used as a porous soil conditioner.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to reduce the yield of rice cultivation and the yield of crops due to cold damage, the entire soil is replaced. As a result, organic soil conditioners have been reviewed anew and have attracted the interest of stakeholders. Silicic soil conditioners made from animal manure belong to the field of special fertilizers. However, as a way to improve the soil,
For example, a composting method is employed.

[0003] In this method, it is an important matter how to treat before starting composting. In this method, in general, sawdust, straw, bark, and the like are mixed with animal manure.
The mixing ratio of animal manure and sawdust is usually 1: 1.
４4: 1. The reason that auxiliary materials such as sawdust, straw, and bark are mixed with animal manure is because animal manure is easy to collect, moisture is easily adjusted, and fermentation during composting is easy.

[0004]

However, when auxiliary materials such as sawdust, straw and bark are mixed with animal manure, phenolic acids such as sinapinic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid and P-coumaric acid are contained in the compost. And coexisted, and when reduced to soil, there was a risk of inhibiting the growth of plants.
In addition, when sub-materials such as sawdust, straw and bark are used, the price has recently risen due to a shortage of goods, and the production cost of compost has tended to increase. Further, there is a problem that the conventional manufacturing method requires many days and that the quality cannot be made uniform.

[0005] The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and there is no fear of inhibiting the growth of plants, the production cost is low, the production days are short, and uniform quality can be easily obtained. It is intended to provide a manufacturing method.

[0006]

Means of the present invention taken to solve the above problems are as follows. According to the first invention, there is provided a method for producing an organic fertilizer, comprising the steps of adding natural wollastonite and concentrated sulfuric acid to livestock manure to form a granular medium, and culturing the medium in another step. A step of fermenting by adding microorganisms, a step of continuously culturing and fermenting by repeatedly using part of the fermenting medium as a seed, and a method for producing an organic fertilizer. is there.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing an organic fertilizer, comprising the steps of adding natural wollastonite and concentrated sulfuric acid to livestock manure and mixing to form a granular medium, and adding another step to the medium. Fermenting by adding the cultured effective microorganisms, and continuously culturing and fermenting by repeatedly using 2% to 3% or more, preferably 10% to 15% or more, of a part of the medium which is vigorously fermented as inoculum. And a step of producing an organic fertilizer.

The method for producing an organic fertilizer by continuous fermentation of the present invention will be described in detail. The method is roughly divided into the following two steps. Pre-treatment step (chemical reaction step) Reaction step of animal manure + wollastonite + concentrated sulfuric acid Post-treatment step (fermentation step) To the pre-treatment step, the inoculum in the active state of the processed material in the latter stage of the fermentation step is added. The process of fermenting continuously.

(Pretreatment step) When animal manure (for example, cow, pig, or a mixture of cow and pig) may be treated with concentrated sulfuric acid, organic matter in the solution is humid and oxidized. At this time, the protein is converted into an amino acid. Looking at the infrared absorption spectrum of the oxidized product, it is similar to humic acids such as tempron and fumizole. When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to wollastonite, Ca ions and Si ions are activated and S
The i-ions form a group of fine particles due to a siloxane bond (〜Si—O—Si) and a silanol bond (〜Si—OH), and crystallize porous. Here, the components of cattle and pig manure are as shown in Table 1.

[0010]

[Table 1]

The composition analysis table of the wollastonite is shown in Table 2.

[0012]

[Table 2]

Table 3 shows the indicator values.

[0014]

[Table 3]

When wollastonite and concentrated sulfuric acid are added to and mixed with animal manure using these two reactions, the concentrated sulfuric acid reacts with an alkali in animal manure. Then, a part thereof reacts with Ca ions of wollastonite to form a sol, and further a silanol group (Si-O
Aggregation and granulation are caused by the reactivity and ion exchange properties of H), and they become a propagation source of fungi by adsorbing moisture.

The following equation is presumed as a reaction mechanism. CaSiO ₂ + H ₂ SO ₄ → CaSO ₄ .2H ₂ O, Ca
(OH) ₂ , SiO ₄ , SiO (OH) ₂ , Si (O
H) ₄ Actually, not only such a single compound, but also a complex compound in which these inorganic elements are intricately bonded, such as (〜Si—O—Si) or (〜Si—OH) And so on.

(Post-Treatment Step) Although the pre-treatment step can be completed and left as it is, it can be made into fertilizer by the action of microorganisms in the natural world. However, for a long period of time, odor pollution occurs and rot proceeds. There is a great possibility of becoming a fertilizer containing harmful bacteria. Therefore, by adding a large amount of effective bacteria and completing fermentation in a short time, these problems can be solved, and a fertilizer containing a large amount of effective bacteria can be obtained.
Here, the flora of the effective microorganisms are as shown in Table 4.

[0018]

[Table 4]

The effective bacteria are those obtained by screening, separating and cultivating effective microorganisms that promote strong fermentation and growth of crops. Such an effective bacterium is added to the product after the pretreatment step and fermented. Thereafter, the activated bacterium in the late stage of the fermentation of the product is added to the processed product in an amount of 2% to 3% or more, preferably 10% to 15%. By repeatedly using about%, the cultivation and fermentation of the effective bacteria can be continued, thereby shortening the number of days, making the quality uniform, and further reducing the cost. Here, the types of the effective bacteria are as shown in Table 5.

[0020]

[Table 5]

In the above Table 5, the two-use is also used for fertilizer.
The following shows the case where it is suitable for both as feed. Table 6 shows an example of the case where the activated bacteria at the latter stage of the fermentation were repeatedly used at 10% and 15% in the processed product.

[0022]

[Table 6]

In Table 6, the product temperature is in ° C.
6 indicates the date. In Table 6, in the medium, 1.5 kg of wollastonite was added to 10 kg of the processed material of cow manure.
g, concentrated sulfuric acid at 0.9 kg, inoculated with bacteria (D) among the effective bacteria at 23 ° C., and also inoculated with bacteria (HD) on the 5th day of fermentation of the bacteria (D). . From these results, it can be seen that as the inoculation amount is larger and the activated bacteria are used, the temperature rises faster, fermentation is vigorous, and the number of days is shortened. 0.8 kg of wollastonite and 0.1 kg of concentrated sulfuric acid.
The same result as above can be obtained if 5 kg and effective bacteria are 2% to 3% or more.

(Action) In a medium in which natural wollastonite and concentrated sulfuric acid are added to and mixed with animal manure, the animal manure is aggregated in a porous form by the strong activity of the silica sol and silica gel, and the air-permeable and water-permeable granular Can be the body. This granular material
It is an optimal medium for bacteria and enzymes that play an active part in the fermentation. It also acts as a heat shield against overheating during fermentation. Livestock manure is contained in an inorganic substance (silicate gel), and fermentation is performed in a state closest to the soil. The porous granular material has good air permeability and water permeability, has a high drying rate, and can be dried under natural ventilation.

The silica sol has OH groups in various polymers. Organic matter, which is a polymer in animal manure, reacts with trace elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., and crystallizes in a porous manner.
At that time, it also reacts with the malodorous component to bring about a deodorizing effect.

Livestock manure becomes granular due to the chemical reaction of the silicic acid sol, and therefore does not require any water regulator such as sawdust, straw, bark and the like. Thus, there is no growth inhibitor for plants due to phenolic acids. Bacteria and enzymes that promote humus are immobilized on the porous medium made of silica gel. As the fermentation progresses,
Most organic matter in animal manure is decomposed into humic acid, which is active and has a high silicic acid content. This humic acid consists of OH groups and COOH
It has a reactive group such as a group, and is also valuable as a product in the field of agricultural chemistry.

Granules completely humified by fermentation have no factors that cause nitration or nitritation even when reduced to soil. Therefore, there is no need to worry about depletion or atrophy of the plant, and it is a fertilizer and a soil improver having air permeability and water permeability. In the present invention, when feces and urine are mixed, the same treatment can be applied not only to animal manure but also to human feces.

In the present invention, fermentation can be completed in a short time by adding a large amount of effective microorganisms, which are effective bacteria, and a fertilizer containing a large amount of effective bacteria can be obtained. Fertilizers can be made into fertilizers by the action of microorganisms in the natural world, even if they are left as they are without adding effective microorganisms.However, over a long period of time, bad odor pollution occurs, decay progresses, and fertilizers containing harmful bacteria can be used. It is likely to be. However,
As in the present invention, activated bacteria in the late stage of fermentation of the product are partially added to the product after the pretreatment step, and the culture and fermentation of the bacteria are continued by repeated use, thereby shortening the number of days. And uniform quality and cost reduction.

[0029]

Example: 100 kg of cow manure and 15 K of wollastonite
g, and treated with 9 kg of concentrated sulfuric acid. At this time, the temperature reached 70 ° C. to 80 ° C. (PH 6.3), and most of the bacteria in the bovine excreta were sterilized into a nearly sterile culture medium. The treated product was allowed to cool immediately, and when it became 50 ° C. or less, 10 kg of effective bacteria was inoculated. This fungus is a part of the fungus (HD) on the 5th day of fermentation by the fungus (D).

This is deposited to a height of 60 cm from the floor surface, and is turned back once a day to lower the temperature to 50 ° C. or less to promote aerobic fermentation and to homogenize the entire temperature. Was. By such an operation, on the fifth day after the inoculation, a desired organic silicic organic fertilizer, which is almost natural, was obtained.

For the growth of plants, experiments such as transplantation, cutting, grafting, etc. were performed. According to this experiment, it was found that root viability was excellent, which had the effect of inhibiting the growth of hair roots and preventing root rot, increasing the growth of plants, and increasing the yield.

(Action) Due to the presence of dead microorganisms and the like of microorganisms in the soil, the soil forms an aggregated structure, and can improve appropriate air permeability, water retention, drainage, and the like. In addition, the activated calcium silicate can properly maintain the pH in the soil. These components are indispensable for the growth of crops, and the organic matter contained in cow manure is converted into components effective for plants by metabolism of the selected effective microorganisms. As a result, a high quality and highly productive crop can be obtained.

In addition, despite the use of a slurry in which feces and urine are mixed, solid-liquid separation does not occur, and in converting animal manure into organic fertilizer, wastes such as sawdust, straw and bark are used. There is no need to use such a moisture conditioner.
In addition, regardless of fermentation by natural bacteria, by selecting effective bacteria according to the purpose, by continuous fermentation and culture,
Completely fertilized. As a result, the period of fertilization usually took about 3 weeks compared to the conventional method,
~ 7 days can be shortened.

The terms and expressions used in this specification are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and terms and equivalents to the features described herein and parts thereof There is no intention to exclude expression. It goes without saying that various modifications are possible within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

[0035]

The present invention has the above configuration and has the following effects. (A) A medium in which natural wollastonite and concentrated sulfuric acid are added to and mixed with animal manure, the animal manure is agglomerated into a porous form by the strong activity of the silica sol and the silica gel to form a granular material having air permeability and water permeability. . The granular material becomes an optimal medium for bacteria and enzymes that play an active part in the fermentation. In this way, no moisture regulator such as sawdust, straw, bark, etc. is required. Accordingly, the organic fertilizer can be produced at a stable and inexpensive production cost without being affected by a rise in the price due to a shortage of the water conditioner.

(B) Since no water regulator such as sawdust, straw and bark is used in converting animal manure into organic fertilizer, phenolic acid is not generated, and there is no growth-inhibitory factor for plants. No need to worry about depleting or shrinking plants. In addition, the livestock excreta is aggregated in a porous manner by the strong activating force of the silica sol and the silica gel, and the granular material having air permeability and water permeability can be provided to be fertile and have air permeability and water permeability. Therefore, the organic fertilizer thus produced is most suitable as a soil conditioner.

(C) Fertilizers can be made into fertilizers by the action of microorganisms in nature if left as they are without adding effective microorganisms, but fermentation takes a long time. In the meantime, it is highly likely that the fertilizer will contain harmful bacteria. In contrast, the production method of the present invention employs a method in which activated bacteria at a later stage of the fermentation of the product are partially added to the product after the pretreatment step, and the product is repeatedly used. The cultivation and fermentation of bacteria can be performed continuously, and harmless and high-quality organic fertilizer can be manufactured at a low cost with a reduced number of days.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing an organic fertilizer, comprising the steps of adding and mixing natural wollastonite and concentrated sulfuric acid to animal manure to form a granular medium, and adding an effective microorganism cultured in another step to the medium. A method for producing an organic fertilizer, comprising: a step of fermenting; and a step of continuously culturing and fermenting by repeatedly using a part of the fermenting medium as a seed fungus. 2. A method for producing an organic fertilizer, comprising the steps of adding and mixing natural wollastonite and concentrated sulfuric acid to animal manure to obtain a granular medium, and adding an effective microorganism cultured in another step to the medium. Fermenting, and continuously culturing and fermenting by repeatedly using a part of the fermentation-intensive medium as a seed fungus in an amount of 2% to 3% or more, preferably 10% to 15% or more. A method for producing an organic fertilizer.