JPH0984474A - Distilling irrigation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for distilling irrigation by which the irrigation of an agricultural cultivated land, especially irrigation excellent in utilization efficiency of water can be carried out. SOLUTION: This method for distilling irrigation uses a distilling irrigation device 1 having a water-impermeable trough unit 2 having a water flow passage 4 for irrigation raw water and a light transmitting lid unit 3 covering the upper part of the trough unit 2 and a releasing part capable of raising the temperature of the irrigating raw water present in the flow passage 4 with solar heat, raising the steam density in a space under the lid unit 3 and condensing the steam on the inner surface 17 of the lid unit 3, forming a waterdroplike or a filmy condensed water and releasing the condensed water from the inner surface 17 of the lid unit 3 to the outside, e.g. a gap 19 formed therein. The distilling irrigation device 1 is embedded in soil so as to expose the upper part thereof and a water holding material 12 is embedded in the periphery of the distilling irrigation device 1 and water released through the water holding material 12 from the gap 19 is fed to the peripheral soil of the device 1.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for irrigating agricultural cultivated land, and more particularly to a method for distilling irrigation capable of irrigating with excellent water utilization efficiency.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the population of the whole world has been rapidly increasing, while the amount of crops produced per unit of crop has reached a ceiling, and food problems are expected to become a major issue in the future. Although it is necessary to expand the cultivated land in order to increase the yield of agricultural products, the conditions of land to be cultivated in the future are considered to be severe for agriculture. For example, slash-and-burn agriculture due to deforestation in rainy areas has reduced air purification function,
In particular, it is not preferable because the function of reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide is impaired.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to find a new settlement in a barren land in a rainy region. Irrigation is required for farming in the rainy region. For irrigation, a method is generally adopted in which water is flooded from a reservoir to a farmland through a canal or a gutter.

However, this method consumes a large amount of water, and it is difficult to secure water in a rainy region. Also, in deserted barren soil, the content of salt in the soil is high, so if a large amount of water is irrigated, the water that has penetrated into the soil will dissolve the salt, and the water that has dissolved the salt will dry the ground surface. It rises to the ground surface due to capillarity and evaporates. For this reason, salt concentration is concentrated on the ground surface, resulting in salt damage, which makes agriculture impossible.

Therefore, the present inventor has earnestly studied a distillation irrigation method which has high water use efficiency, enables irrigation with a small amount of water, and can be used as irrigation even for water having a large amount of dissolved salts. It has an impermeable gutter having a flow channel for the raw irrigation water, and a translucent lid covering the upper part of the gutter, and a gap is provided between the upper edge of the gutter and the lid. , Developed a technique for obtaining distilled irrigation water, and previously applied for a device for carrying out the method in Japanese Patent Application No. 7-159887.

According to the present invention, since water that has once evaporated and condensed is used, water with a high salt content can be used, and problems such as clogging can be solved.

[0007]

However, in the method using evaporated water, the amount of water that can be supplied is small,
It becomes necessary to use water effectively. Therefore, the present invention is
An object of the present invention is to provide a distillation irrigation method that can effectively use water even if the amount of water that can be supplied as distilled irrigation water is small.

[0008]

The present inventor has arrived at the present invention as a result of extensive studies to solve the above problems. That is, the distillation irrigation method according to the present invention has a water-impermeable trough having a running channel for raw water for irrigation, and a translucent lid covering the upper part of the trough, and is present in the running channel. The temperature of the raw water for irrigation is raised by solar heat to increase the water vapor density in the space below the lid, and the water vapor is condensed on the inner surface of the lid to form condensed water in the form of water droplets or films, A distillation irrigation method using a distillation irrigation device provided with a discharge part for discharging dew condensation water to the outside from the inner surface of the lid, which is buried in soil so that the upper part of the distillation irrigation device is exposed, and through a water retaining material. The moisture discharged from the discharging unit is supplied to the soil around the device.

Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the above method, the water retention material is a resin product or natural fiber having hydrophilicity and / or water absorption, and more preferably,
It is at least one selected from hydrophilic water-absorbent nonwoven fabrics, straw rods (for example, rice straw, straw, etc.), syrup, hay, linters, bagasse, and peat moss.

Further, it is also preferable that the water retaining material is formed into a two-layer sheet shape, the upper layer is a hydrophilic water-absorbent nonwoven fabric, and the lower layer is peat moss.

In still another preferred embodiment, at least the inner surface of the gutter has a color having a good absorption of sunlight, the upper part of the distillation irrigation apparatus is covered with a transparent film, and both sides of the film are covered. The edge was buried in the soil.

When a distilling irrigation system is laid along the ridge of an agricultural land and raw water for irrigation, for example, irrigation water is passed through the trough, steam evaporated by solar heat rises from the water surface and contacts the inner surface of the lid. , Condensed on the inner surface of the lid to form water droplets or film-like dew condensation water, which moves into the soil through the water retention material and is supplied to the soil around the distillation irrigation system, and unnecessary water underground Penetration can be prevented. Therefore, water can be effectively used even if the amount of water that can be supplied by distilling and irrigating water is small.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The distillation irrigation apparatus used in the present invention comprises a trough and a lid, and any material having impermeability and water resistance can be used as a material for the trough. Generally, metal, concrete, earthenware, ceramics, plastics and the like are used, and as the plastic, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, high density polyethylene, polypropylene and the like can be used. Further, it is preferable that at least the inner surface of the gutter is colored in a color having a good absorption of sunlight, generally black. The outer circumference of the gutter is insulated by the surrounding soil, but a separate heat insulating means can be added.

On the other hand, the lid body covers the gutter body,
It is formed of a translucent material. As the material having translucency, plastic is preferable, for example, polyvinyl chloride,
Polyester, medium and low density polyethylene, polypropylene and the like can be used.

In order to prevent dew condensation water from adhering to the inner surface of the lid in the form of water drops or a film so as to reduce the transmission of sunlight, it is preferable to impart antifogging property to the inner surface of the lid. Polyhydric alcohols (eg sorbitol, glycerin, pentaerythritol, etc.) can be used to impart antifogging properties.
It can be carried out by adding a surfactant typified by the partial ester compound (1) to the plastic for molding the lid. Further, a surfactant may be applied to the inner surface of the lid, and it is particularly preferable to coat a surface coating type non-drip agent mainly composed of an inorganic hydrophilic colloid substance and a hydrophilic organic compound. Examples of the inorganic hydrophilic colloid substance are colloidal silica, colloidal alumina, and colloidal Fe.
(OH) _2, can be mentioned colloidal Sn (OH) _2, colloidal TiO _2, colloidal BaSO _4, and colloidal lithium silicate, or the like. Particularly preferred materials are colloidal silica and colloidal alumina. Examples of hydrophilic organic compounds include various surfactants (nonionic,
Anion-based, KAOTIN-based) and hydroxyl group-containing vinyl monomer components are the main components, and acid group-containing vinyl monomer components are 0.1-40.
% Of the copolymer or its partially or completely neutralized product and sulfonic acid group-containing polyester resin.

In the present invention, when the water-retaining material is formed into a sheet and used, one end of the water-retaining material is embedded so as to be installed in the distillation irrigation device, and the other end is extended and buried in the soil. When burying, it is desirable to bury it substantially horizontally. Here, “substantially horizontal” means that it does not need to be strictly horizontal. Only one sheet of the water retaining material may be provided, but two sheets may be stacked, or one sheet may be provided horizontally and the other sheet may be provided inclined to the horizontal sheet. .

Also, by laminating a synthetic resin film such as impermeable polyethylene on the lower surface of the water retaining material, it is possible to prevent the irrigation water collected in the water retaining material from unnecessarily permeating to the lower part of the soil, which is effective for crops. Can be supplied to the customer. The thickness of the sheet-shaped water retaining material is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 20 m.
The m position is common. The sheet-shaped water retaining material is embedded from the upper surface of the ridge at a depth of preferably 5 to 50 cm, more preferably 10 to 30 cm.

The water retention material may be used by dispersing it in the soil,
In this case, the soil around the distillation irrigation system is preferably uniformly mixed and used. It is also preferable to embed the sheet-shaped water retaining material in an upper layer in soil and use the water retaining material dispersed soil in the lower layer. Further, it is preferable to lay a synthetic resin film of impermeable polyethylene in the lower layer of the water retaining material-dispersed soil because it has the effect of preventing unnecessary permeation of irrigation water below the soil and reducing irrigation loss.

The hydrophilic and / or water-absorbent resin product used as the water retaining material in the present invention is preferably a material obtained by subjecting a nonwoven fabric made of synthetic resin such as polyester or polyamide having high corrosion resistance to hydrophilic treatment, It can be formed by spun band spinning or the like. It can also be formed by using polyethylene, polypropylene fibers or the like whose surface is hydrophilically treated.

In the present invention, a natural fiber can be used as the water retaining material, and such a natural fiber may constitute the entire water retaining material or may be contained as a fiber in a part of the water retaining material. Good.

In the present invention, when natural fibers are used as the water retention material, straw rods (eg rice straw, straw etc.), gut, hay, lint, bagasse, peat moss and the like can be used, and these can be used alone. Alternatively, two or more kinds may be mixed and used. Especially preferred is peat moss or a mixture of peat moss and other natural fibers.

The case of using peat moss as a water retaining material will be described below. Pete moss is a plant that grows in shallow water and wetlands such as reeds, sedges, mosquitoes, and sphagnum moss, and die every year and accumulates in a water-saturated state. It is incompletely decomposed under conditions for many years and is also called peat or grass peat.

Aerobic bacteria propagate on the surface of the peat moss layer, facultative anaerobic bacteria propagate at a depth of 20 to 30 cm, and metabolites produced by these bacteria have antibacterial properties.
It plays a role of sterilizing harmful bacteria to the growth of plants. When the distillation irrigation system of the present invention is installed in a desert area, there is a problem that sterilization and disinfection itself is difficult, but the sterilizing effect of peat moss can solve such a difficult problem.

Since peat moss is composed of humus and fibrous material and retains a large amount of water in itself, it is extremely effective in the present invention when it is dispersed in soil to increase the water retention capacity of the whole soil. .

Humus contains a large amount of humic acid, which is a natural organic polymer, and therefore has a neutralizing effect on alkaline soil. In addition, the ion exchange capacity of the acidic groups of humic acid improves fertilization performance. Have. Therefore, it acts as a neutralizing agent and an effect of supplying organic fertilizer to desert soils deficient in organic matter.

Further, when peat moss is used in the present invention, the fibrous material can be decomposed as a food of a microbial group, so that it is expected to have an effect of increasing soil microorganisms, and promotes humification of desert soil and makes effective soil. You can

Further, peat moss is a substance that is successively assimilated while the body of the plant is being decomposed, and is therefore a mass of organic matter. Supplying peat moss to a desertified barren ground supplies the organic fertilizer necessary for plant growth. This will bring about the effect of soil soil strength promotion.

As described above, the use of peat moss as the water retaining material of the present invention not only acts as a water retaining material,
The neutralization of alkaline soil, the supply of organic fertilizer, and the enhancement of soil fertility of the soil itself are brought about, and safe and more efficient irrigation can be performed.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of a distillation irrigation apparatus used in the distillation irrigation method of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is a distillation irrigation apparatus, and the distillation irrigation apparatus 1 is mainly a gutter 2. And the lid 3.

The gutter body 2 is a concave long body, and a running water channel 4 is formed in the center thereof. In the illustrated example, ribs 6 are provided on the upper end of the outer wall 5 of the gutter body 2 so as to project outward. The shape of the gutter body 2 is not limited to that shown in the figure, and may be any shape as long as it has the flowing water channel 4 in the center, and may be, for example, a semicircular curved shape. Further, a plurality of running water channels 4 may be formed, and the raw water may flow in the same direction or in the opposite direction through the plurality of flow paths.

On the other hand, the lid body 3 covers the top of the gutter body 2 and is made of a translucent material. In this embodiment, the lid body 3 is provided on both sides of the hemispherical canopy portion 7 (lid body 3). An engaging portion 9 having a bulging step 8 is formed.

To construct the distillation irrigation system 1, the ends of the plurality of gutters 2 and 2 are closely connected to each other to form a long gutter, which is then cultivated as shown in FIG. It is buried along the ridge 10 of the ground, and the lid 3 is put on the upper part thereof.

In order to tightly connect the ends of the plurality of gutters 2 and 2, the ends of the plurality of gutters 2 and 2 are butted to each other and fused or bonded with the same kind of resin or another hot melt agent. However, it is also possible to connect the ends by using a tape to prevent water leakage. A weir (not shown) is provided at the tip of the gutter body 2 which is connected and has an elongated shape.
It is also a preferred embodiment that the raw water for irrigation is retained in the running water portion 4 of the gutter body 2 to a certain depth. As for the form of the weir, a partition wall can be used as shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 of Japanese Patent Application No. 7-206490. Further, instead of the above partition wall, a lattice partition wall as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of Japanese Patent Application No. 7-242488, a honeycomb partition wall as shown in FIG. 3,
It is also possible to use a cylindrical partition wall as described in FIG.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the lid 3 is provided to maintain the airtightness of the lid connecting portion and guide the condensed water to the water retaining material.
A translucent film 11 is stretched on the upper part of the, and both sides of the translucent film 11 are buried in the soil. It is also preferable to attach a water-impermeable film (not shown) to the inner surface of the gutter body 2 so as to maintain the airtightness of the connection portion of the gutter body (Japanese Patent Application No. 7-
See 282654). It is preferable that the water-impermeable film used in such an embodiment has a color with good absorption of sunlight.

Further, the shape of the gutter body and the lid body and the shape of the gap formed by them are not limited to the above. For example, as shown in FIG. 1 of Japanese Patent Application No. 7-159887, the outer side of the concave gutter body. A rib may be provided on each of the lids, and engaging portions may be provided on both sides of the hemispherical lid body to form a gap between the ribs and the engaging portion. Further, as shown in FIG. As described above, a mulching film may be used instead of the lid, and a gap may be formed between the mulching film and the gutter. In addition, Japanese Patent Application No. 7-20
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of No. 6488, the curl portion of the trough and the curl portion of the lid are elastically fitted to each other, and the distilled irrigation water is taken out from the condensed water guiding small hole provided at the lowermost end of the lid. In addition, as described in FIGS. 3 and 4 of the above-mentioned No. 7-206488, both side edges of the lid are formed in a wavy shape, or the above-mentioned No. 7-206488.
As shown in FIG. 5 of the publication, the upper side edges of the gutter body may be formed in a wavy shape, and a condensed water guide gap may be provided between the gutter body and the lid body.
Further, as shown in FIG. 1 of Japanese Patent Application No. 7-282653, it is possible to form a water drop channel on both sides of the running channel of the gutter to obtain the distilled irrigation water from the deep part of the soil.

A mulch film 13 is laid on the ridges 10,
A crop 14 is planted in the vegetation hole of the mulch film 13.

When raw water (eg, irrigation water) is passed from one end of the running water channel 4 of the trough body 2 of the distillation irrigation apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 2, the irrigation water is warmed by the sunlight 15 irradiated. Since the running water channel 4 has a greenhouse shape as a result of the gutter body 2 and the lid body 3, the temperature becomes high, and the vapor partial pressure becomes high due to the vaporized vapor. Since the upper lid 3 is in contact with the outside air, the temperature is lower than that of the greenhouse space above the flowing water channel 4. Therefore, when the water vapor in the greenhouse space comes into contact with the inner surface 17 of the upper lid body 3, it condenses and forms condensed water 16 in the form of water drops or a film.
The condensed water 16 formed on the inner surface 17 of the lid 3 is the inner surface 17 of the lid 3.
Flowing down and flowing downward, the edge upper end 18 of the gutter 2 and the lid 3
The ridges 10 are watered through the discharge part formed between the inner surfaces 17 of the ridges, for example, the gap 19. The water retaining material 12 effectively retains the moisture released from the gap 19 and makes it possible to appropriately supply the moisture according to the needs of the crop 14. The irrigation water that has remained in the running water channel 4 and has a large amount of salt is preferably discharged from the other end of the running water channel 4.

In this embodiment, the bottom width of the running water channel 4 is determined in accordance with the required amount of irrigation water. The flow velocity of the raw water flowing through the running water channel 4 may be such that the required minimum amount of raw water is replenished from the viewpoint of sufficiently utilizing solar heat.

The water retention material 12 may be formed into a sheet and used, or may be dispersed in soil. In FIG. 2, the water retaining material 12
An example in which is formed into a sheet shape and used is shown. As shown in the figure, one end of the water retention material 12 is buried so as to be installed in the distillation irrigation device 1, and the other end is extended and buried in the soil. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, by laminating a synthetic resin film 30 such as impermeable polyethylene on the lower surface of the water retaining material 12, it is possible to prevent the irrigation water from unnecessarily permeating to the lower side of the ridge 10 and reduce the irrigation loss. It is preferable because it can be reduced.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the water retaining material may be used in two layers. In the figure, an example using a hydrophilic water-absorbent nonwoven fabric 12a as an upper layer and a peat moss 12b as a lower layer is shown. . By providing the peat moss 12b in the lower layer of the hydrophilic water-absorbent nonwoven fabric 12a, the following effects are obtained. That is, under harsh conditions such as the desert, peat moss caused by solar heat
Since the decomposition of 12b is promoted, the hydrophilic water absorbent nonwoven fabric 12a
Is installed on top of the peat moss 12b.
The thermal decomposition of b can be prevented and the duration of the effect can be lengthened.

Next, another example of use of the water retaining material in the present invention is shown in FIG. Similar to the example shown in FIG. 2, a sheet-shaped water retaining material 12 is embedded in the same figure, and a fibrous water retaining material 12c is formed below the water retaining material 12, for example, a mixture of one or more natural fibers such as peat moss. An example is shown in which the are distributed. In the present embodiment, the sheet-shaped water retaining material 12 does not necessarily have to be provided. Also in this embodiment, the impermeable synthetic resin film 30 may be provided to prevent unnecessary permeation of the water supply below the ridge 10.

The mode of installing the water retaining material in the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and the mode of dispersion of the water retaining material shown in FIG. 5 is adopted on either or both sides of the gutter 2 or below. Further, the water-impermeable synthetic resin film 30 can be embedded on both sides of the gutter body 2, below the gutter body 2, and the like. Further, when peat moss is used as the water retention material 12 in the present invention, it is preferable to mix and use clay minerals, because it has an effect on the growth of useful microorganisms that propagate in peat moss, and from the viewpoint of soil improvement.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 20 designates a soil covering block made of a weighted body such as concrete or brick. When placed on the mulch film 13 as shown on the right side of the figure, the mulch block cooperates with the mulch film 13 in strong wind. Exhibits an anti-drying effect. As the soil covering block 20, the soil covering block described in the specification and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 7-158579 can be used. Further, in order to exert the drying prevention effect only with the soil cover block, it is preferable to use a block having a water impermeable film fixed to the bottom surface. As such a block, a long heavy soil covering material described in Japanese Patent Application No. 7-264853 can be used.

[0045]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a distillation irrigation method capable of effectively utilizing water even if the amount of water that can be supplied as the distillation irrigation water is small.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of a distillation irrigation apparatus used in the distillation irrigation method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a distilled watering method of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of essential parts showing another example of a water retention material.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of essential parts showing another example of a water retention material.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another usage example of the water retaining material.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Distillation and irrigation device 2: Trough body 3: Lid body 4: Flowing channel 5: Outer wall 6: Rib 7: Canopy portion 8: Step 9: Engagement portion 10: Ridge 11: Light-transmitting film 12: Water retaining material 12a: Hydrophilic Water absorbent non-woven fabric 12b: peat moss 12c: fibrous water retaining material 13: mulch film 14: crop 15: sunlight 16: condensed water 17: inner surface 18: edge upper end 19: gap 20: soil block 30: synthetic resin film

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A water-impermeable trough having a running channel for raw water for irrigation, and a translucent lid covering the upper part of the trough, and the raw water for irrigation existing in the running channel is heated by solar heat. To raise the water vapor density in the space below the lid body and condense the water vapor on the inner surface of the lid body to form water droplets or film-like dew condensation water, which is condensed in the lid body. A method of distilling and irrigating using a distilling and irrigation device provided with a discharge portion that discharges from the surface to the outside, wherein the distilling and irrigation device is buried in soil so that the upper part of the distilling and irrigation device is exposed, and a water retaining material is A method of distillation and irrigation, which is characterized in that it is buried in the periphery and water released from the discharge part is supplied to the soil around the device via the water retention material. 2. A distillation irrigation device is buried in soil so that an upper part is exposed between a plurality of ridges, and water is replenished to a crop grown in the ridges through a water retaining material. 1. The distilled irrigation method according to 1. 3. The distilled watering method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water retention material is a resin product and / or a natural fiber having hydrophilicity and / or water absorbency. 4. A hydrophilic and / or water-absorbing resin product is a hydrophilic water-absorbing nonwoven fabric, and the natural fiber is at least one selected from straw rods, shiro, hay, linters, bagasse, peat moss. 4. The distilled irrigation method according to claim 3, wherein 5. The method for distilling and irrigating water according to claim 4, wherein the water retaining material is formed into a two-layer sheet shape, the upper layer is a hydrophilic water-absorbent nonwoven fabric, and the lower layer is peat moss. 6. The gutter body according to claim 1, wherein at least an inner surface of the gutter body has a color having good absorption of sunlight.
The distilled irrigation method according to 3, 4, or 5. 7. The distillation according to claim 1, wherein the upper part of the distillation irrigation device is covered with a transparent film, and both side edges of the film are buried in soil. Irrigation method.