JPH0980163A - Method and apparatus for predicting earthquake - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To locate a radio oscillating source and to predict an earthquake by calculating the source from the arrival time difference of radiated radio waves radiated from the underground by the underground fluctuation, and calculating the underground fluctuation traveling area. SOLUTION: When the receiving waveform of an antenna is written in a memory for a predetermined period, a feature extracting engine is started. Radiating radio wave detectors (WSD) 100 to 100f are disposed at a predetermined interval, and the WSDs and an underground fluctuation calculator (EPP) 200 are connected via a communication circuit (a). When the waveform feature indicating the underground fluctuation is detected at the waveform data, position data, waveform feature data and sampling time correction data are stored in the memory as sensor information, sent to the circuit (a) via a communication unit 202, and transmitted to the EPP 200. When the sensor information is received, for example, the waveform data is stored in a memory 204, and an oscillating source is calculated by a radiating radio wave oscillating source calculator 210. The source calculator calculates the oscillating source position from the arrival time difference of the radiating radio waves to the antennas.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an earthquake prediction method for detecting an electromagnetic wave radiated from the ground in accordance with an underground movement, specifying a geophysical position of a transmission source, and predicting an earthquake. And equipment.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, earthquake prediction observation has been carried out by seismic waves (P waves,
S wave) was detected by a seismograph or the like. However, the method of observing seismic waves is already after the occurrence of an earthquake when the waveform is detected. Therefore, the user of the earthquake prediction information has almost no time margin for implementing the earthquake countermeasures by using the prediction information, and is far from the state that can be called prediction. By the way, the fact that electromagnetic waves are emitted into the ground and air in the vicinity of the epicenter about a dozen to a few hours before the occurrence of an earthquake has been reported by Fujinawa et al. Change "(Earthquake, Vol.43,
287-290, 1990).

[0002]

However, in the city, artificial noise is so strong that it is generally difficult to discriminate and detect a precursory electromagnetic wave, and an earthquake prediction method and apparatus for giving prediction information user / user a margin of countermeasure period. Was not in practical use. The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is from ten to a few hours to several hours before the occurrence of an earthquake, in the vicinity of the epicenter, from underground to underground and in the air due to underground movement. Detects pulsed radiated radio waves radiated to, identifies the source of radio waves in geophysical space position coordinates,
An object of the present invention is to provide an earthquake prediction method and device that warns a hypocenter forecast area.

[0003]

The present invention relates to an earthquake prediction method, and the above object of the present invention is to receive radiated radio waves radiated from the ground due to underground movement by a plurality of receiving antennas. This is achieved by calculating the radio wave source from the time difference of arrival of radio waves to these antennas, and calculating the underground fluctuation progression area. Also, radiated radio waves radiated from the ground due to underground movement are received by a plurality of receiving antenna pairs, the radio wave transmission source is calculated from the phase difference of the radio waves between these antenna pairs, and the underground movement progress area is calculated. It can also be achieved. Furthermore, radiated radio waves radiated from the ground due to underground movement are received by multiple receiving antennas that identify only the receiving direction, and the radio wave transmission source is calculated from the incident direction of the radio waves to these antennas to progress underground movement. It is also achieved by computing the gamut. The present invention also relates to an earthquake prediction device, and the above object of the present invention is to calculate a plurality of receiving antennas for receiving radiated radio waves radiated from the ground due to underground movement, and to calculate a difference in arrival time of radio waves to these antennas. It is achieved by including an inter-antenna time difference calculation means and an underground fluctuation calculation device that calculates a radio wave transmission source from a radio wave arrival time difference between at least three antennas and determines an underground fluctuation progress area. Also, a plurality of receiving antenna pairs that receive radiated radio waves radiated from the ground due to underground movement, inter-antenna phase difference calculation means that respectively calculates the phase difference of the radio waves between these antenna pairs, and the calculated antennas. This can also be achieved by including an underground fluctuation calculation device that calculates a radio wave transmission source from the phase difference between the two and determines the underground fluctuation progression area. Furthermore, a plurality of receiving antennas that identify only the receiving direction that receives the radiated radio waves radiated from the ground due to underground fluctuations, and the incident direction calculation means that calculates the incident direction of the radio waves to these antennas are calculated. This can also be achieved by including an underground fluctuation calculation device that calculates a radio wave transmission source from a plurality of incident directions and determines an underground fluctuation progression area.

[0004]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an example of a spatial layout of the earthquake prediction system of the present invention on a global scale. Under the ground, pulsed radiated radio wave transmission sources 2x, 2b, etc. based on the ground movement subject to the present invention are provided. Are indeterminate and scattered. On the other hand, on the ground, a radiated radio wave detection device (hereinafter, referred to as WSD) 100i (hereinafter, referred to as WSD) that acquires and calculates a predictive radio wave that is transmitted irregularly, collects a predictive radio wave reception time together with position information, and transmits the same. f) etc.
With a predetermined space interval (in this example, the distance between the antennas is relatively long, 30 km or more, preferably 100 k
It is preferable that they are separated from each other by m or more). A GPS receiver is built into each of these WSDs 100i, and the geophysical position of each WSD 100i is automatically measured, and the satellite absolute time synchronized with the GPS time is automatically measured by the high-precision timer. It is like this. Then, each of the above WSD100
i, via an antenna in the ground and / or on the ground,
Underground radiated radio waves are constantly monitored, and when there is a waveform fluctuation above a predetermined level, the waveform feature is automatically extracted, the reception GPS time is calculated, and these sensor information are transmitted underground via the communication device. It is transmitted to the fluctuation calculation device (hereinafter referred to as EPP) 200. Thus, in the EPP 200, the sensor information transmitted from the distributed WSDs 100i is stored in a predetermined storage device, and the transmission source is calculated from at least the sensor information at three different observation positions, and the transmission source is displayed on the display device. The information is displayed and the area is notified of the earthquake forecast. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the WSDs 100a to 100f of the present invention. In the figure, each WSD1
00i is a sensor data sampling engine (hereinafter referred to as S
20), and a feature extraction engine (hereinafter referred to as FEE) that extracts a feature part from the sampling waveform data.
44. To describe the configuration of the SSE 20 in more detail, first, an underground radiation radio wave antenna (hereinafter,
The SS antenna) 10 may be an ordinary antenna provided on the ground or an antenna embedded in the ground. It is preferable that the ground surface of the antenna 10 buried in the ground, or above the antenna 10 installed on the ground should be about 5 mm.
When the grid-like sky radio wave shield means 12 is installed side by side in the range of 50 to 300 m at a space interval of -100 cm, only underground radio waves can be received and the SN ratio is improved. still,
If an extension coil is inserted in the SS antenna 10, the length of the SS antenna 10 can be shortened, which is economical when receiving long-wave radio waves. Then, the output end of the SS antenna 10 is amplified by the amplifier 14, and the low-pass filter (LPF) 16a and the band-pass filter (BP) are used.
F) 16b, ..., 16d are input, and the output is
The AD converters 18a and 18b are digitized at a predetermined sampling cycle, input to the sensor data sampling engine (SSE) 20, and predetermined to the memories 42a and 42b composed of a dual-port dual port memory or the like. The storage locations are sequentially switched and stored. In addition, as an example, in FIG. 2, the band of the filter is from DC to 2 for the LPF 16a.
0.0Hz, BPF16b is 100-2000Hz,
BPF16c is 0.001 to 50 kHz, BPF16d
Is set to 0.5 to 5 MHz. Further, in addition to the above, since it is considered that pulsed radio waves are generally emitted from the radiated radio waves, the band of the pulse radiated radio waves extends from a low frequency to a high frequency, and the band of the radiated radio waves to be received is 100
~ 5.0 kHz, and / or 0.001-9 KHz,
And / or 0.01 to 50 kHz and / or 0.
1-150 kHz and / or 0.2-2 MHz and / or 0.1-10 MHz and / or 0.8-
8 MHz and / or 8 to 80 MHz, and / or
It is possible to set the range of 240 to 320 MHz or the like. When the low frequency charged wave data and the radio wave data including the high frequency band component are separately input as described above, the low frequency charged wave data of the ground radiation radio wave generally has a waveform peculiar to the sign. Since a lot of characteristic data is included, it is easy to extract waveform fluctuations, and the rise and fall of the waveform of radio wave data that includes high frequency band components changes rapidly, making it suitable for identifying the reception time of radio waves. There is. Furthermore, the SSE 20 has a GPS antenna 2
The GPS receiver 24 is connected via 2 and the geophysical position data PD and satellite time data TD of the WSD 100i is input from the GPS receiver 24 via GPS satellites, and the time synchronization pulse CP is also automatically extracted and input. It has become so. Further, the synchronization pulse CP is also input to the gate means 28 to generate the reset signal RST of the counter 30 driven by the oscillator 26 with temperature compensation together with the gate signal XG output from the SSE 20, and S
The sampling time of SE20 is corrected by the satellite time. Furthermore, the AD circuit start command ST is directly output to the AD conversion means 18a etc. by the gate circuit 31 connected to the counter 30, and AD conversion processing synchronized with the satellite time is performed. Further, the power source 34 of the GPS receiver 24, which is composed of a battery, a battery, etc., receives a power control signal PG output from the SSE 20, via the switching means 32, a predetermined time interval described later, or time correction data from the FEE 44. Intermittent control is performed according to a transmission request to save power. Thus, when the received waveform of the antenna 10 is written in the memory 42a for a predetermined period, the FEE
44 is activated, and the sampling waveform data is checked whether or not an underground change has occurred. Then, if a waveform feature indicating underground movement is detected in the waveform data,
The position data, the waveform characteristic data, and the sampling time correction data described later are stored in the memory 46, and
The data is sent out to the communication line a through the memory 42d and the communication device 48 and sent to the EPP 200. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the system configuration of the EPP 200. In the figure, WSDs 100a to 100f
Etc. are arranged as shown in FIG. 1 with a predetermined interval (for example, 30 km or more, preferably 100 km or more), and each WSD and EPP 200 are connected to each other via a communication line a. When the antenna 10 detects a significant change, the position data, the waveform characteristic data, and the time correction data are sequentially transmitted. Further, the communication line a connecting between the plurality of receiving locations of the underground discharge radio wave is a wired communication line such as a copper cable or an optical fiber cable, and / or a wireless communication line such as a microwave or light, and / or a satellite. Data is transmitted / received via a communication line. Then, these transmission data are sequentially stored in the memory 204 via the communication device 202, and at the same time, the radiated radio wave source calculation unit 21
It is sequentially read by 0, and the geophysical position of the radio wave transmission source is specified. Further, in some cases, the determination unit 212 determines whether it is a ground transmission or an underground transmission. In the case of an underground transmission, the epicenter vicinity area is calculated by the determination unit 214,
The earthquake forecast sending unit 216 outputs predetermined topographic maps, notice maps, etc. to the display unit 220 and the printing unit 222, and also, via the communication device 218 and the communication line b, the broadcasting station 2
30 and general households 240a to 240z are notified as an earthquake forecast / tsunami forecast.

The operation of the above arrangement will be described below. First, the operation of the WSD 100i will be described. After the power is turned on, the initialization process of the WSD is executed (step S2 in FIG. 4), the download flags of the program and system parameters (not shown) are checked, and these data are downloaded. If not, WSD
A download request for a program / parameter or the like from 100i to the EPP 200 is output via the communication line a.
Then, the WSD operation program and operation condition parameters are downloaded from the EPP 200, and specifically,
The operation program / parameter for the SSE 20 is stored in the memory 38 including a flash memory, a battery backup memory, a DRAM, etc. via the communication device 48 and the memory 42c, and the operation program / parameter for the FEE 44 is stored in the communication device 48, Flash memory, battery backup memory, DRA via memory 42d
It is adapted to be stored in the memory 46 composed of M and the like. Further, as an example of the operation parameters downloaded, as shown in FIG. 6A, an SSE execution program group and an FSE execution program group executed in a real-time multitask execution environment are used.
There are an EE execution program group and an execution priority order table of these execution program groups. The operation parameters of the SSE 20 include GPS operation parameters that specify the operation conditions of the GPS receiver 24 and filters 16a to 16
Operating parameters such as d, AD conversion gain / amplifier 14a
There are external gains such as .about.14d, temperature / humidity parameters, operation parameters of the timer 30, sampling parameters for the gate circuit 31 that specify a sampling cycle, and the like.
On the other hand, the operation parameters of the FEE 44 include the type of feature extraction to be performed, noise level parameter, waveform check period designation parameter, template model waveform data, extracted feature transmission format parameter when transmitting the extracted waveform feature data, and the like. . Thus, when the download of the program etc. is completed or the execution program / parameter has already been downloaded,
The SSE 20 and FEE 44 each perform normal system initialization. After that, the FEE 44 is stored in the memory 42a / 4.
Until the received waveform is sampled and written in 2b,
Waiting state. On the other hand, the SSE 20 executes the GPS timer initialization process, and this operation will be described with reference to the time chart of FIG. 7. First, the control signal PG becomes active by the SSE 20, and the power source 34 causes the GPS receiver by the switch means 32. Is applied to 24,
The gate signal XG is set to the OFF state (FIG. 7 (A))
Up to tk1). Then, when the GPS receiver 24 starts operating and the satellite is caught, the clock pulse C
The P and time data TD are sequentially output, and the position data PD is also sequentially output to the SSE 20. Then SS
In E20, when the pulse CP and the time data TD are received, the reception interval of the pulse CP is the time interval of the GPS time data tj1, tj2, tj3 of FIG.
Check by comparing each with the count value of
When it is confirmed that the period tj2 to tj3 in FIG. 7 can be received at a predetermined time interval (for example, 1 second), a predetermined period before and after the arrival time tj4 of the next pulse CP (see FIG. 7).
In the example, the gate signal XG is turned on only for the period tk1-tk2), and the reset of the counter 30 is executed in synchronization with the pulse CP. Thus, the synchronization between the counter 30 and the satellite time can be ensured, and the satellite time data tj4 is written in the predetermined location of the memory 42a (step S2). Subsequently, if the SSE 20 cannot confirm that the timer 30 has been reset, it repeats the ON processing of the above-mentioned gate signal XG, and if it can confirm that the timer 30 has been reset, the power-off processing of the GPS receiver 24 is performed. And the next GPS power-on time (see FIG. 7).
(Tk2to3) of (A) is calculated and set to a predetermined timer (step S4). Then, when the period tk2to3 elapses, a power-on timer interrupt occurs and the GPS receiver 24 is restarted (step S6). Then
Since the pulse CP is sequentially input to the SSE 20 again at the times tj5, tj6, and tj7, it is checked from the count value of the timer 30 whether these time intervals are within a predetermined period. For example, at the time tj7, If it can be confirmed that the interval is reached, a predetermined period before and after the time tj8 at which the next pulse CP arrives (period tk6 to tk7 in FIG. 7A).
Only, the gate signal XG is turned on, and the counter 30 is reset at the timing of tj8 (steps S8, S
10). Further, the count value ctr30a of the counter 30 at the time point tj7 is read and written in the memory 42a, and the satellite time data tj7 received at the time point tj7 is also written in the memory 42a and transmitted to the FEE 44 as time correction data. After that, the processing of steps S4 to S10 is repeated, and the high-accuracy time correction processing is performed. Normally, GPS
The power-on interval of the receiver 24 is set to 10 to 60 minutes, but when the waveform feature data is detected by the feature extraction processing of the FEE44, the FEE44 outputs a time correction data transmission request to the SSE20 (step S1.
5), the above steps S4 to S10 are repeated. Further, in the above example, the GPS receiver 24 is operated intermittently, but when the power supply has a margin, it is possible to operate the GPS receiver 24 at all times. Furthermore, if the SSE 20 is fast enough,
The output of the counter 30 can be read until immediately before the reset timing tj4, tj8, etc. of FIG.
The count values ctr30a, ctr30b, etc. of (D) can be extended to immediately before the time points tj8, tj10 as shown by the broken line in the figure.

By the way, returning to the time point tk2 in FIG. 7A, when it is confirmed that the counter 30 is reset at the time point tj4, the SSE 20 determines that the SSE 20 has a predetermined sampling interval (for example, 10 μsec for a band of 100 kHz).
Every time: the measurement accuracy of the radio wave transmission position is determined at this sampling interval, which is 3 km at 10 μsec and 30 km at 100 μsec), and the reception waveform of the antenna 10 is AD-converted and sequentially written in the memory 42a (step S1).
2 and period ti1) of FIG. Then, when the sampling data is accumulated for a predetermined period (for example, 200 samples of 2 msec in the above example), the SSE 20 sequentially switches and writes the sampling data in the next sampling period to the memory 42b and outputs the feature extraction command to the FEE 44. (Step S12 and period ti2). Thus,
When the FEE 44 is started up, the FEE 44 stores in the memory 42.
From a, the waveform data written in the period ti1 of FIG. 5 is read and written in the memory 46, and the waveform feature automatic extraction processing is performed. The waveform feature data calculated in this waveform feature extraction process is a waveform rising portion and / or a waveform falling portion having a predetermined amplitude width or more, and / or a maximum position,
And / or minimum position, and / or zero-cross part having a predetermined amplitude or more, and / or maximum part / minimum part, and / or a waveform portion that most closely matches the template model radiation waveform, and / or other The waveform points that best match the characteristic waveform data of the antenna are automatically extracted.
Further, in the above-described matching point detection processing with the template waveform, it is possible to detect a matching point by digital correlation calculation or the like, and a DSP (Digital Signal) is detected.
If the correlation calculation is executed by a processor), an MPU, or the like, it becomes easy to change the reference template. Furthermore, as the waveform characteristic data, the frequency is analyzed by the FEE 44, and the DSP (Digital) is analyzed by the frequency analysis means 450c as shown in FIG.
Signal Processor) or high-speed MPU
(Micro Processor), DFT
(Discrete Fourier Transform
m) operation or FFT (Fast Fourier)
It is also possible to perform the Transform operation, extract low frequency component data of, for example, 3 kHz or less from these complex frequency outputs, and extract the waveform feature from the time series change of the low frequency component data. When the characteristic portion is detected in the received waveform by the characteristic extraction processing (step S14), the reception position data (x
a, ya, za), waveform feature data (wa1, ...,
wan), time correction data (ta1, ..., tam)
6 is written in the memory 46, and thereafter, to the EPP 200 via the memory 42d, the communication device 48 and the communication line a.
The data is transmitted in the format as shown in (B) (step S16). In addition, download new programs,
If there is processing such as transmission / reception of stored data, execution of self-diagnosis program, setting by communication of parameters, etc., these processings are executed by the SSE 20 and FEE 44 during the remaining time after feature extraction and sampling (step S18). , S20). In addition, SSE20 and FEE44
It is also possible to execute the processing of SSE20 and FEE44 by one engine if the arithmetic processing capacity of the microprocessor and CPU constituting the above is sufficiently fast. However, WSD
At 100i, the interrupt processing of the GPS pulse CP and the sampling processing for the AD conversion means 18 have a great influence on the measurement accuracy of the entire system. Therefore, the interrupt processing capability of the SSE 20 is preferably as high as possible.

Next, the operation of the EPP 200 will be described in detail. First, in the EPP 200, as an initialization process, the download execution unit 201 causes each WSD 100i (i = a).
To f) download the execution program and parameters (step S100 in FIG. 8). After that, EPP20
0 is in a wait state, and waits for sensor information to be transmitted from each WSD 100i. Then, if an underground change occurs in the unknown underground space 2x, the antennas 10a to 10f
Radiates radio waves due to underground fluctuations by
The waveform characteristic portion is automatically extracted by E44, and the position data (xi, yi, zi), the waveform characteristic data (wi1, ..., Win), the time correction data (ti) are used as the sensor information.
1 ,. . . , Tim) (i = a to f) are respectively calculated and transmitted, and written in the order in which they are received in the memory 204 via the communication line a and the communication device 202 (step S102). Thus, when the sensor information is received, for example, the memory 204 stores the waveform data as shown in FIGS.
The source is calculated by 10. In this source calculation,
The position of the transmission source is calculated from the difference in the arrival time of the radiated radio waves to each antenna. First, the time correction processing of each received waveform is performed as shown in FIG.
Explaining with reference to the time chart of (E), each WS
From D100i (i = a to f), the previous counter 30
Since the reset time tj4i of i, the counter value c30i at the time of waveform feature detection, the satellite time tj7i based on the time correction request of FEE44i, and the count value ctr30i of the counter at this time are transmitted and stored in the memory 204, The detected satellite time ti2 of the waveform characteristic data is time corrected by the following equation.

## EQU1 ## ti2 = tj4i + c30i * (tj7i-t
j4i) / ctr30i (i = a to f) In the time correction calculation, each waveform characteristic data (wi1 to w
in), the correlation calculation is performed again, or the correlation calculation is performed between the model template waveform data and each waveform feature data, and the time correction processing in which the radiated radio wave reception time is the time with the highest similarity is also performed. It is possible. Thus, when the radio wave arrival time ti2 (i = a to f) at each observation point is calculated, the radio wave emission time t at the transmission source 2x (x, y, z),
Each observation point (xi, yi, zi, ti2) (i = a ~
The relationship of the following formula is established with f).

√ ((xi−x) ** 2+ (yi−y) ** 2+ (zi−z) ** 2)) = v * (ti2−t) (i = a to f) where v : Ground wave propagation velocity of radiated radio wave (x, y, z, t): Source position and radio wave emission time (xi, yi, zi, ti2): Radio wave reception position and time Since number 2 has 4 variables With the received data at four locations, the originating location and time can be calculated. In addition, the difference between the arrival times at the two observation points (for example, Δtab = ta2
Since a locus having a constant value of −tb2 = constant becomes a hyperbola, as shown in FIG.
You may calculate with. In this case, the transmission source can be calculated if there are observation data of at least three points (step S106). Thus, the radio wave source position (x, y, z)
When all of the space above the receiving antenna 10i is shielded, the area near the epicenter such as an inland part, a coastal part, and an ocean part is immediately calculated by the determining part 214 (step S110), and the corresponding region is calculated. Earthquake forecast sending section 2
The earthquake / tsunami forecast is output via 16 and the communication device 218 (step S112). Further, in the case of the antenna 10i capable of receiving terrestrial radio waves, the transmission source position (x, y,
From z), the determination unit 212 determines based on the z value whether it is the ground transmission or the underground transmission (step S108), and the earthquake / tsunami forecast is output only in the case of the underground transmission. In this way, the area near the epicenter can be identified from several hours to more than a dozen days in advance by clearly distinguishing it from ground noise, so that a sufficient preparation period for earthquake evacuation action can be secured, and very useful earthquake / tsunami prediction information can be provided to the general public. Can be provided to people.

FIG. 11 corresponding to FIGS. 2 and 3 shows
FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which the distance between the antennas is set to be relatively short such as several meters to several kilometers, the propagation time between the antennas is measured, and the radio wave source position is calculated. It was done. The devices with the same numbers as those in FIGS. 2 and 3 perform the same functions, respectively, and receive radio waves of the antennas 10a to 10f, for example, radio waves of about 1 MHz, and correlators 62a to 6f via the BPFs 16a to 16f.
2f, the reference waveform of the template memory 60 and the real-time correlation calculation are performed, and the output thereof is compared with the reference voltage Vref output from the DA conversion means 64 and the comparator 6.
6a to 66f, the time when the output of each correlator becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined level is sequentially input to the clock counter group 67, and the elapsed time of the antenna whose radio wave reaches the earliest from the antenna whose radio wave reaches the earliest Is measured by the counter corresponding to each antenna, and the time difference Δt is displayed on the SSE 20g.
2a, ..., Δt2f are read. The counter group 67 is 1 G
When counting clocks with a frequency of Hz or higher, 1 ns
The arrival time difference between each antenna can be measured with the accuracy of ec. Thus, when the difference in the arrival time of the radio wave between the respective antennas can be calculated, the radio wave transmission source is calculated by the EPP 200g according to the same principle as in the above equation 2 and FIG. 10, and the earthquake forecast is output. FIG. 12 shows such antennas 10a-1.
FIG. 12A shows an example of the arrangement configuration of 0f, and FIG.
12B shows a plan view thereof, and FIG. 12B shows a cross section thereof. Antenna pairs 10c-10d and 10e-10f measure radio wave propagation time differences in east-west and north-south directions, and antenna pair 1
0a-10b are arranged to measure the propagation time difference in the vertical direction. Further, shield means 12 is provided in the space above each antenna to receive only underground radio waves. In such a configuration, the operation is shown in FIG.
With reference to the flowchart of FIG.
The received radio waves of 0i are the amplifier 14i and the filter 16 respectively.
When it is input to the correlator 62i (i = a to f) via i, the noise waveform and the signal waveform are discriminated by the correlation calculation with the template memory waveform 60, and the signal waveform of a predetermined level or higher is detected (step S200), the clock input gate of the counter group 67 is opened by the output of the fastest comparator, and the propagation time clock counter corresponding to each antenna starts measurement. Then, the comparator output of the other antenna is used for the input off signal of such counters,
When the comparator output corresponding to the slowest antenna is output, each counter output is read to the SSE 20g, and the radio wave arrival time differences Δtab, Δtcd, Δtef between the antennas are read out.
Are calculated (S202). Thus, when the arrival time difference between the antennas is calculated, the radio wave source position is calculated from the intersection of the loci with a constant time difference as shown in FIG. 10 (S2).
04), it is determined whether or not the call is sent underground (S20).
6), areas near the epicenter such as inland area, coastal area, and ocean area are determined (S208), and earthquake / tsunami forecast is output to the area (S210). As described above, according to the device configuration as shown in FIG. 11, the radio wave transmission source position can be calculated by measuring the radio wave arrival time to a plurality of antennas arranged at a relatively short distance at one place. it can. In addition, such an underground movement computing device EPP200ga, ..., 200ge is shown in FIG.
It is possible to further improve the position calculation accuracy of the radio wave transmission source by providing the EPPs at a plurality of locations and coupling the respective EPPs by a communication line as shown in FIG.

FIG. 15 corresponding to FIGS. 2 and 11.
Shows yet another embodiment of the present invention, in which only the incident direction of the radio wave to each antenna is detected and the position of the radio wave transmission source is calculated. 2 and 1
The devices with the same numbers as 1 perform the same functions, and the antennas 10a and 10b are rotated by the rotating means 70.
Attached to h and 72h, and the respective rotation angles ωh1 and ωh
2 is input to the SSE 20h. Further, the outputs of the antennas 10a and 10b are the amplifiers 14a,
14b and BPFs 16a and 16b, respectively, are input to the correlators 62a and 62b, real-time correlation calculation is performed with the template waveform 60h, and the output is supplied to the comparators 66a and 66b together with the reference voltage Vref output from the DA converting means 64h. The correlation direction θh that has been input and has reached a predetermined level or higher can be detected by the SSE 20h. Such radio wave detection devices 100h, 100
i, 100j, etc., as shown in FIG.
The antennas are installed at two or more places at a predetermined interval of 0 km, and the position of each antenna is measured in advance by a GPS receiver or the like (not shown). 17 (A) and (B)
Are rotating means 70h and 72h and antennas 10a and 10b.
The arrangement relationship with the rotating means 70 is shown in more detail.
h is rotated 360 ° in the horizontal direction, and the antenna 10a is
The horizontal radio wave approach angle θh1 is detected. Further, the rotating means 72b is fixed to the arm 71 directly connected to the rotating shaft of the rotating means 70h, and scans the antenna 10b in the vertical direction to detect the radio wave entrance angle θh2. The antennas 10a and 10b are preferably directional antennas, and are preferably loop coil antennas or Yagi antennas. The operation in this configuration will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 19. Rotation means 70h and 72h sequentially change the receiving directions of the antennas 10a and 10b for scanning, and the radio waves in each receiving direction are compared with the template waveform 60h. Then, it is checked whether or not the underground discharge based on the underground movement is caused. Then, when the output of the correlator changes above a predetermined level, it is determined that the underground discharge is received, and the antenna 10 at that time is received.
The receiving directions θh1 and θh2 of a and 10b are rotation data ωh.
1 and ωh2 are respectively calculated, stored in the SSE 20h, transmitted to the EPP 200h via the communication line a, and stored in the storage means 204 (S300).
It should be noted that when the antenna reception waves input in synchronization with the rotation means 70h are added by a predetermined rotation number (several times to several tens times) by addition means (not shown) and correlation calculation is performed with the template waveform, the antenna reception waves The SN ratio can be improved, and the underground discharge waveform can be detected more reliably.
Thus, assuming that the reception angles in the horizontal direction at the receiving locations 100h and 100i are θh1 and θi1, respectively, FIG.
As shown in, the underground radio wave source position (x, y) can be calculated as the intersection of the straight lines pa and pb.

## EQU00003 ## Straight line pa: y−ya = tan (θh1)
* (X-xa) Straight line pb: y-yb = tan (θi1) * (x-
xb) where (xa, ya, za): position coordinates of the receiving place 100h (θh1): radio wave receiving direction at the receiving place 100h (xb, yb, zb): position coordinates of the receiving place 100i (θi1): receiving place Direction of Radio Wave Reception at 100i Further, the depth z of the underground radio wave transmission source can be calculated by the following equation.

## EQU00004 ## Straight line pc: z-za = tan (.theta.h2)
* (X-xa) straight line pd: z-zb = tan (θi2) * (x-
xb) where (xa, ya, za): position coordinates of the receiving place 100h (θh2): radio wave receiving direction at the receiving place 100h (xb, yb, zb): position coordinates of the receiving place 100i (θi2): receiving place Radio Wave Receiving Direction at 100i That is, according to Equation 3, it can be seen that the method of detecting only the receiving direction can calculate the position coordinates of the radio wave transmitting source when the underground discharge radio wave is received at a minimum of two places. Thus, if the radio wave source can be calculated, the epicenter area is determined for each area such as the inland area, the coastal area, and the ocean area (S30).
4), earthquake / tsunami forecast is output to the relevant area (S30
6). FIG. 18 shows another embodiment of the direction detecting antenna of the present invention, in which each antenna is not rotated,
It is a device that calculates the direction of the discharge source from the voltage ratio between the adjacent antennas while it is fixed. 18, each antenna 10a1, ..., 10d1 and 10a
2, to 10d2 are loop coil antennas,
If the Yagi antenna or the like has the same unidirectional characteristic and the directional characteristic is A (θ), the reception voltage vi of each antenna 10i is expressed by the following equation.

## EQU00005 ## v10a1.apprxeq.0 v10b1 = A (.pi. / 2 + .theta.h1) * Bsin (.omega.
t) v10c1 = A (θh1) * Bsin (ω
t) v10d1 ≈ 0 Therefore, V (θh1) = v10b1 / v10c1 = A (π / 2 +
θh1) / A (θh1) That is, antenna pair 10a-10b, 10b-10
The incident direction θh1 of the received wave can be calculated by calculating the output ratios of c, 10c-10d, and 10d-10a. The antenna having such a configuration does not require the rotating means 70h, 72h and the like. 2 and 3
The combination of the device that calculates the arrival time difference between the antennas shown in Fig. 15 and calculates the position of the radio wave source and the device shown in Fig. 15 that calculates the position coordinates of the radio wave source from only the direction of reception of the radio wave To improve the accuracy of position calculation,
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

FIG. 22 corresponding to FIGS. 11 and 15
Shows still another embodiment of the present invention, in which the incident direction of the radio wave is detected by calculating the phase difference of the radio wave propagating between the antenna pairs 10c-10d, 10e-10f, etc. Then, the position of the radio wave transmission source is calculated. Devices having the same numbers as those in FIGS. 11 and 15 perform the same functions, and the antennas 10a to 10f are arranged in the same manner as in FIG.
0a-10f amplifiers 14a-14f outputs v14a-
v14f is input to the phase difference calculators 400a to 400c, respectively, and the phase differences Δφcd, Δφef, etc. of the antenna pairs 10c-10d, 10e-10f, etc. are calculated. An example of the hardware configuration of the phase difference calculation circuits 400a to 400c will be described with reference to FIG. 23. The outputs of the antennas 10c and 10d are the amplifiers 14c and 1c.
4d and is input to filters 402a and 402b, respectively, and the outputs thereof are mixed with the output of the local oscillator 404 by mixers 406a and 406b, respectively, and the mixed outputs are further band-limited by the filters 408a and 408b to obtain predetermined frequency components. Amplifiers 410a and 410b
After being amplified to a predetermined level by the buffer amplifier 4
12a to 412d buffer the amplifier 412b
The outputs of 412c and 412c are multiplied by the multiplier 416b, and are input to the SSE 20 as the cosine component of the phase difference φ via the filter 418b and the buffer 412f. Further, the output of the amplifier 412a is multiplied by the output of the amplifier 412d, which is phase-shifted by 90 °, by the multiplier 416a, and is input to the SSE 20 as a sine component of the phase difference φ via the filter 418a and the buffer 412e. . In such a configuration, the operating principle thereof will be described with reference to FIG. 20. The radio waves from the transmission source 2x are antennas 10c and 10 at an angle of (π / 2 + θkcd).
incident on d and change the distance between antennas 10c-10d by dc
where d is the wavelength of the radio wave and φcd is the phase difference between the antennas 10c-10d, the following equation holds (step S400 in FIG. 24).

[Equation 6] 2π · dcd · sin (θkcd) = λ · φcd Further, assuming that the phase difference between the antennas 10e-10f is φef, the following equation is similarly given between the radio wave approach angle θkef and the phase difference φef. To establish.

2π · def · cos (θkef) = λ · φef Therefore, for example, by the phase difference calculation circuit 400b, si
When n (φcd) and cos (φcd) can be calculated, the incident direction θkcd of the radio wave can be calculated by the following equation (S40
2).

(8) θkcd = arcsin ((λ / (2π ·
dcd)) ・ arctan (sin (φcd) / cos
(Φcd))) Thus, the reception angle θkcd in the horizontal direction is calculated from the phase difference between the antennas 10c and 10d, and similarly, the reception angle θkgh between the other antennas 10g-10h shown in FIG. 21 can be calculated. Then, the underground radio wave source position (x, y) can be calculated from the intersection of the directional straight lines in the same manner as Equation 3 above (S404). If the antennas 10a-10b are installed vertically as shown in FIG. 12B, the depression angle θk
Similarly, ab can be calculated, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the radio wave source position can be calculated from the reception direction data at one or two observation points (S410). In the underground movement calculation device having such a configuration,
The rotating means 70h, 72h and the like are unnecessary. 1MHz
When calculating the phase difference from the radiated radio waves before and after, since the wavelength λ is about 50 m, it is preferable to arrange each antenna with an antenna interval of λ / 4 = 12.5 m. In addition, an apparatus for measuring the arrival time difference between the antennas shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and calculating the radio wave source position, and an apparatus for measuring the phase difference between the antennas shown in FIG. 22 and calculating the radio wave source position. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above can be used in combination to improve the calculation accuracy of the position of the radio wave transmission source.

Next, a device having an antenna configuration shown in FIG. 21 shows still another embodiment of the present invention, which comprises a relatively short distance (several meters to several tens of meters) of antenna pair groups and a relatively short distance. By calculating the phase difference of the radio waves propagating between the antenna pair group of a long distance (several hundreds of meters to several tens of kilometers), the uncertainty of the phase difference 2π is resolved, and the position measurement with higher accuracy is executed. It was done like this. In the antenna configuration of FIG. 21, the antenna pairs are 10a-10b, ...
Since it is i-10j, 5 to 6 phase difference calculation circuits 400 as shown in FIG. 23 are required, and the source position is calculated from the output of each phase difference calculation circuit by the equations (6) and (7). , The direction accuracy is λ / (distance between antennas). Therefore, by combining these calculation results, highly accurate transmission source position calculation can be executed from the output of the antenna group of 5 or 6 pairs installed at one location (S410). Furthermore,
In such an antenna configuration, the distance between the antennas is usually 10 m
Because of the above distance, between the plurality of antennas, a coaxial cable, a twisted pair wire, a wired communication line such as an optical fiber cable including an electro-optical conversion unit-a photoelectric conversion unit, and / or a microwave, a wireless communication line such as light, Data may be transmitted / received via a satellite communication line.
In particular, the use of optical communication means is effective in preventing the entry of external noise.

FIG. 25, which corresponds to FIG. 23, is a block diagram showing another example of the hardware configuration of the phase difference calculation circuits 400i, 400k of the present invention. The outputs of the antennas 10c, 10d are amplifiers 14c. , 14d and are input to A / D conversion means 18c, 18d, respectively,
The outputs are frequency analysis means 450c and 450d, respectively.
It is adapted to be stored in a storage means (not shown). In the frequency analysis means 450c and 450d, the DSP (Digital Signal P) is used.
processor) or high-speed MPU (Micro P
DFT (Discrete)
Fourier Transform) operation, or
FFT (Fast Fourier Transform)
m) Calculation is executed, and these complex frequency outputs are converted into phase data φ by the phase calculation means 452c and 452d.
And the phase data is input to the subtractor 454 to directly calculate the phase difference Δφcd. According to such a digital signal processing means, a frequency mixer, a phase shifter, an analog multiplier, etc. are unnecessary, and stable phase data processing can be executed. The sampling clocks of the A / D conversion means 18c and 18d are preferably synchronized. Further, a device for calculating the arrival time difference between the antennas shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 to calculate the position of the radio wave source, and a device for calculating the position coordinates of the radio wave source shown in FIG. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art to enhance the calculation accuracy of the position of the radio wave transmission source by combining it with a device for measuring the phase difference between the antennas shown in (1) and calculating the position of the radio wave transmission source.

[0013]

As described above, according to the earthquake prediction method and apparatus of the present invention, the area near the epicenter can be specified from several hours to ten or more days in distinction from ground noise, so that the earthquake / tsunami It is possible to secure a sufficient preparation period for the evacuation behavior of the above and provide very useful earthquake / tsunami prediction information to the general public. In addition, in the receiving direction detection method, if there is a minimum of 1 or 2 measurement data, it is possible to specify the underground fluctuation progress area, and in the inter-antenna arrival time difference calculation method, if there is a minimum of 3 measurement data, underground fluctuation The progress area can be specified.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a long-distance antenna placement system of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a radio wave detection device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of an underground movement computing device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an example of a flowchart for explaining the operation of the radio wave detection device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an example of a time chart for explaining the operation of the radio wave detection device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an example of communication parameters of the radio wave detection device of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an example of a time chart for explaining the operation of the GPS synchronization timer of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an example of a flowchart for explaining the operation of the underground movement computing device of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an example of a time chart for explaining the radio wave reception time correction processing of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a principle of calculating a transmission source from a difference in arrival time of radio waves to two antennas.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a short-distance antenna placement system of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing an arrangement example of antennas 10a-10f.

FIG. 13 is an example of a system configuration in which a plurality of underground movement calculation devices are arranged.

FIG. 14 is an example of a flowchart for explaining the operation of the short-distance antenna placement system.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a system that calculates the vicinity of the epicenter from only the radio wave reception direction.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a principle of calculating a radio wave transmission source only from a radio wave reception direction.

FIG. 17 is an example of an apparatus for rotating an antenna by rotating means to detect a radio wave receiving direction.

FIG. 18 is an example of a device that detects a radio wave reception direction in a fixed arrangement state by a directional antenna group.

FIG. 19 is an example of a flowchart of the operation of calculating the vicinity of the epicenter from only the radio wave reception direction.

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the relationship between the reception direction of radio waves and the phase difference between antennas.

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a system in which a short-interval antenna group and a long-interval antenna group are arranged in combination.

FIG. 22 shows the radio wave reception direction and / or the phase difference between the antennas.
Or, it is an example of a system configuration for calculating a transmission source.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a phase difference calculation circuit.

FIG. 24 shows a radio wave reception direction and / or a phase difference between antennas.
Or, it is an example of an operation flowchart of a system for calculating a transmission source.

FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a digital phase difference calculation circuit.

[Explanation of symbols]

2x Underground radio wave source 10a, 10b, ..., 10i, 10j Reception antenna 12 Shielding means 14a, 14b, ..., 14f Amplifier 16a, 146, ..., 16f filter 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d AD conversion Means 20, 20a, 20g, 20h Data sampling engine 22 GPS antenna 24 GPS receiver 26 Oscillator 28, 31 Gate means 30, 67 Counter 32 Power supply switching means 34 Power supply 38, 42a, ~, 42d, 46, 204 Storage means 40, 220 Display means 44 Feature extraction engine 48, 202, 218 Communication device 60h Template memory 62a, 62b Correlator 64h DA conversion means 66a, 66b Comparator 70h, 72h Rotating means 100, 100a, ..., 100f Radio wave detector (WSD) 200, 200a, ..., 200h Underground fluctuation calculation device (EPP) 201 Download execution unit 210 Radio wave source calculation unit 212 Ground transmission / underground transmission determination unit 214 Epicenter vicinity determination unit 216 Earthquake forecast transmission unit 222 Printing means 230 Broadcast Stations 240a to 240z Earthquake forecasting users 400a to 400k Phase difference calculation circuits 402a, 402b, 408a, 408b, 418a,
418b Filter 404 Oscillator 406a, 406b Mixer 410a, 410b, 412a, ~, 412f Amplifier 414 Phase shifter 416a, 416b Multiplier 450c, 450d Frequency analysis means 452c, 452d Phase calculation means 454 Subtractor

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Kenichi Hayashida 1-8-9 Higashi-Hashimoto, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa Toden Co., Ltd. (72) Minor Yoshida 1-18-18 Musashinodai, Fuchu, Tokyo Yama Kogyo Co., Ltd.

Claims (55)

[Claims] 1. A radio wave radiated from the ground due to an underground movement is received by a plurality of receiving antennas, and a radio wave transmission source is calculated from a difference in arrival time of the radio waves to these antennas.
An earthquake prediction method characterized in that an underground movement progress area is calculated. 2. A radio wave radiated from the ground due to underground movement is received by a plurality of receiving antenna pairs, and a radio wave transmission source is calculated from a phase difference of radio waves between these antenna pairs,
An earthquake prediction method characterized in that an underground movement progress area is calculated. 3. An underground radio wave radiated from underground due to an underground movement is received by a plurality of receiving antennas, and a radio wave transmission source is calculated from a difference in arrival time and a phase difference of the electric waves to these antennas to progress underground movement. An earthquake prediction method characterized in that the area is calculated. 4. A radiated radio wave radiated from the ground due to underground movement is received by a plurality of receiving antennas that identify only the receiving direction, and a radio wave source is calculated from the incident direction of the radio wave to these antennas. An earthquake prediction method characterized in that an underground movement progress area is calculated. 5. A radio wave radiated from the ground due to underground movement is received by a plurality of receiving antenna pairs, and the incident direction of the radio waves to these antenna pairs is determined from the phase difference of the radio waves between these antenna pairs. An earthquake prediction method, characterized in that the calculation is performed, and further, the radio wave transmission source is calculated from the incident direction of the radio wave to calculate the underground movement progress area. 6. A radiated radio wave radiated from the ground due to an underground movement is received by a plurality of receiving antennas, the arrival time difference and / or phase difference of the radio waves to these antennas, and the incidence of the radio waves to these antennas. An earthquake prediction method characterized in that the radio wave transmission source is calculated from the direction and the underground movement progress area is calculated. 7. The earthquake prediction method according to claim 4, wherein an incident direction of the radio wave is calculated by a rotation angle of a rotating device coupled to each of a plurality of receiving antennas. 8. The earthquake prediction method according to claim 7, wherein the output of the receiving antenna coupled to the rotating device is added a predetermined number of rotations to improve the SN ratio of the received radio wave. 9. The earthquake prediction method according to claim 1, wherein an extension coil is inserted in the reception antenna to shorten the antenna length. 10. The plurality of receiving antennas or antenna pairs are arranged in the horizontal direction and / or the vertical gravity direction at relatively short distances of several meters to several kilometers, respectively. Earthquake prediction method described in. 11. The plurality of receiving antennas or antenna pairs are arranged in the horizontal direction and / or the vertical gravity direction at relatively long distances of several tens of kilometers to several hundreds of kilometers, respectively. Earthquake prediction method described in. 12. An antenna group in which the plurality of receiving antennas or antenna pairs are respectively arranged in the horizontal direction and / or the vertical gravity direction at a relatively short distance of several meters to several km, and a horizontal direction, The earthquake prediction method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the earthquake prediction method is configured with an antenna group that is arranged at a distance of several tens of kilometers to several hundred kilometers of a relatively long distance in the vertical gravity direction. 13. A subsurface variation confirmation step of determining whether the calculated radio wave transmission source is above the ground or below the ground surface, and only when there is a transmission source inside the earth below the surface of the earth is an underground change progress area. The earthquake prediction method according to claim 1, wherein the earthquake prediction method is provided. 14. The earthquake prediction method according to claim 1, wherein the GPS receiver measures / corrects the reception position and / or the reception time at a plurality of reception locations of the underground radiated radio wave. 15. A radiated radio wave reception and measurement step of measuring radiated radio waves radiated from the ground due to underground movement together with a reception point and time, and waveform processing of the measured radiated radio wave data to extract waveform characteristic data. And a feature extraction step of processing the reception time data to extract sensor information (radio wave data, reception time data, position data, etc.), and sensor information for transmitting and / or transmitting / receiving these sensor information A collecting step and an earthquake precursor fluctuation judging step for judging an underground fluctuation progress area by calculating a radio wave source based on a difference in radio wave arrival time between respective radio wave receiving positions from sensor information of at least three receiving points. Characteristic earthquake prediction method. 16. In the earthquake precursor variation determination step,
Between two pieces of sensor information at different receiving points, the collected radiated radio wave data is arithmetically processed to re-extract the waveform characteristic data, and the reception time data is again arithmetically processed to obtain the sensor information (radio wave data, reception time). 16. The earthquake prediction method according to claim 15, further comprising a feature extraction data correction step of correcting data, position data, etc.). 17. In the radiated radio wave reception measurement step, the low frequency charge wave data and the radio wave data including a high frequency band component are separately input, and the low frequency charge wave data is used to obtain a waveform characteristic. The earthquake prediction method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the data is extracted and the radio wave arrival time is calculated using the radio wave data including the high frequency band component. 18. The earthquake prediction method according to claim 15, wherein the observation position and time of the sensor information are accurately corrected and measured based on GPS radio waves. 19. The waveform feature data calculated in the feature extracting step includes a waveform rising portion and / or a waveform falling portion having a predetermined amplitude width or more, and / or a maximum position and / or a minimum position. And / or zero-cross section, and / or maximum / minimum section, and / or a waveform location that most closely matches the template radiation waveform, and / or a waveform location that most closely matches the characteristic waveform data of another antenna. ,as well as/
Alternatively, the earthquake prediction method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, which is low frequency component data of 3 kHz or less. 20. A radiated radio wave receiving step of receiving radiated radio waves radiated from the ground due to underground movement together with receiving points and times by a plurality of receiving antennas, and a received radio wave frequency analysis for frequency-analyzing the received radio wave data. The process and the phase difference calculation process of calculating the phase difference between the receiving antennas from this frequency analysis result, and the received radio wave phase difference data of at least two different reception points are calculated and the radio wave transmission source is calculated to operate underground. An earthquake prediction method, comprising: a pre-earthquake change determination step of determining a progressing zone of change. 21. The earthquake prediction method according to claim 20, wherein a radio wave reception direction is further calculated from the received radio wave phase difference data. 22. The earthquake prediction method according to claim 20, wherein the frequency analysis and the phase difference calculation are performed by digital processing. 23. The band of the received radiated radio wave is DC
~ 20.0 Hz, and / or 100-5.0 kHz,
And / or 0.001 to 9 KHz and / or 0.
01 to 50 kHz and / or 0.1 to 150 kHz
z and / or 0.2 to 2 MHz and / or 0.
1 to 10 MHz and / or 0.8 to 8 MHz and / or 8 to 80 MHz and / or 240 to 320
The earthquake prediction method according to claim 1, wherein the earthquake prediction method is MHz. 24. The electromagnetic shield means for electromagnetically shielding only electromagnetic waves from the sky and receiving only radiated radio wave components from the ground is provided in a space above the receiving antenna. Earthquake prediction method. 25. A plurality of receiving antennas for receiving radiated radio waves radiated from the ground due to underground movement, radio wave arrival time calculation means for calculating arrival times of radio waves to these antennas, and arrival times of these radio waves And the time difference calculation means between antennas for calculating the radio wave arrival time difference between the antennas by inputting,
An earthquake prediction device, comprising: an underground fluctuation calculation device that calculates a radio wave transmission source from a difference in the arrival time of a radio wave between at least three antennas and determines an underground fluctuation progress area. 26. A plurality of receiving antenna pairs for receiving radiated radio waves radiated from the ground due to underground movement, inter-antenna phase difference computing means for computing a radio wave phase difference between these antenna pairs, and computation. An earthquake prediction device, comprising: an underground fluctuation calculation device that calculates a radio wave source from the phase difference between the antennas and determines an underground fluctuation progression area. 27. A plurality of receiving antennas and a pair of receiving antennas for receiving radiated radio waves radiated from the ground due to underground movement, radio wave arrival time calculating means for calculating arrival time of radio waves to these antennas, and these. Antenna time difference calculation means for calculating the radio wave arrival time difference between the antennas by inputting the radio wave arrival time, and inter-antenna phase difference calculation means for calculating the phase difference of the radio waves between the antenna pairs, and at least three locations The radio wave transmission source is calculated from the radio wave arrival time difference between the antennas, and the radio wave transmission source is calculated from the calculated phase difference between the antennas, and an underground fluctuation calculation device for determining an underground fluctuation progress area is provided. Earthquake prediction device. 28. A plurality of receiving antennas for identifying only receiving directions for receiving radiated radio waves radiated from the ground due to underground movement, and incident direction calculation means for calculating incident directions of radio waves to these antennas. An earthquake prediction device, comprising: an underground fluctuation calculation device that calculates a radio wave transmission source from a plurality of calculated incident directions to determine an underground fluctuation progression area. 29. A plurality of receiving antenna pairs for receiving radiated radio waves radiated from the ground due to underground movement, inter-antenna phase difference computing means for computing a phase difference of radio waves between these antenna pairs, and computation. Incident direction calculation means for calculating the incident direction of radio waves to these antenna pairs from the calculated phase difference between the antenna pairs, and radio wave transmission source is calculated from the calculated plural incident directions to determine the underground fluctuation progression area An earthquake prediction device comprising a computing device. 30. A plurality of receiving antennas and a pair of receiving antennas for receiving radiated radio waves radiated from the ground due to underground movement and a plurality of receiving antennas for identifying only a receiving direction, and arrival times of the electric waves to these antennas. Radio wave arrival time calculation means for calculating, inter-antenna time difference calculation means for calculating the radio wave arrival time difference between the antennas by inputting these radio wave arrival times, and antenna position for calculating the phase difference of the radio waves between the antenna pairs respectively Phase difference calculation means, incident direction calculation means for calculating the incident direction of the radio wave to the direction detection antenna, radio wave transmission source is calculated from the radio wave arrival time difference between at least three antennas, and the calculated inter-antenna Calculate the radio wave source from the phase difference, and then calculate the radio wave source from only the calculated multiple incident directions to determine the underground fluctuation progression area. An earthquake prediction device comprising: 31. The inter-antenna phase difference calculation means is a frequency analysis means for frequency-analyzing received radio wave data, a phase calculation means for calculating a phase for each frequency from the frequency analysis result, and a phase calculation result for each phase from the phase calculation result. 27. A phase difference calculating means for calculating a phase difference for each frequency.
31. The earthquake prediction device described in 30. 32. The earthquake prediction device according to claim 31, wherein said frequency analysis means is adapted to perform frequency analysis by discrete Fourier transform or fast Fourier transform. 33. The inter-antenna phase difference calculation means is D.
33. The earthquake prediction device according to claim 31 or 32, which is executed by digital calculation by SP and / or MPU. 34. The antenna length is shortened by inserting an extension coil into the receiving antenna.
Earthquake prediction device described in. 35. The plurality of receiving antennas or antenna pairs are arranged in the horizontal direction and / or the vertical gravity direction at relatively short distances of several meters to several kilometers, respectively. Earthquake prediction device described in. 36. The plurality of receiving antennas or antenna pairs are arranged in the horizontal direction and / or the vertical gravity direction at relatively long distances of several 10 km to several 100 km, respectively. Earthquake prediction device described in. 37. The plurality of receiving antennas or antenna pairs are arranged in the horizontal direction and / or in the vertical gravity direction at a relatively short distance of several meters to several kilometers, respectively, and an antenna group and a horizontal direction. The earthquake prediction device according to any one of claims 25 to 34, wherein the earthquake prediction device comprises an antenna group and / or a plurality of antennas arranged at a distance of tens to hundreds of kilometers over a relatively long distance in the vertical gravity direction. 38. The underground fluctuation progress area is determined by the underground fluctuation calculation device only when the calculated radio wave transmission source is above the ground or below the ground surface and the transmission source is inside the earth below the ground surface. 38. The earthquake prediction device according to claim 25, further comprising an underground movement confirmation means for making a determination. 39. The electromagnetic shield means for electromagnetically shielding only electromagnetic waves from the sky and receiving only radiated radio wave components from the ground is provided in a space above the receiving antenna. Earthquake prediction device. 40. A plurality of receiving locations for the underground radiated radio waves are provided, and an underground movement computing device installed at each of the receiving locations is coupled by a transmission / communication device to improve the positional accuracy of the radio wave transmission source. The earthquake prediction device according to claim 25 to 39. 41. GPS receivers are provided side by side at a plurality of receiving locations of the ground radiated radio waves, and receiving locations and / or
The reception time is measured / corrected, and the reception time is corrected.
The earthquake prediction device described in 0. 42. The plurality of receiving antennas for identifying only the receiving direction includes four receiving direction fixed directional antennas for receiving only one of east, west, south, and north, respectively.
31. The earthquake prediction device according to claim 28, wherein the incident direction calculation means is configured to calculate the electromagnetic wave incident direction from the ratio of the received radio waves of the antenna pairs of southeast, southwest, northwest, and northeast. 43. A plurality of receiving antennas for identifying only the receiving directions are arranged at predetermined spatial distances, and the incident direction calculating means is arranged to rotate directions of a rotating device coupled to the receiving antennas. 31. The incident direction of the radio wave is calculated by
Earthquake prediction device described in. 44. The earthquake prediction device according to claim 43, wherein the outputs of the receiving antennas coupled to the rotating device are added a predetermined number of rotations to improve the SN ratio of the received radio waves. 45. The plurality of receiving antennas for identifying only the receiving direction are arranged with a predetermined spatial distance therebetween, and the antennas output from the inter-antenna phase difference calculating means coupled to the receiving antennas. 31. The earthquake prediction device according to claim 28 or 30, wherein the incident direction of the radio wave is calculated based on the phase difference of. 46. The inter-antenna phase difference calculation means is a frequency analysis means for frequency-analyzing received radio wave data, a phase calculation means for calculating a phase for each frequency from the frequency analysis result, and a phase calculation result for each phase based on the phase calculation result. 31. The earthquake prediction device according to claim 28, which comprises a digital phase difference calculating means for calculating a phase difference for each frequency. 47. The earthquake prediction device according to claim 46, wherein said frequency analysis means is adapted to perform frequency analysis by discrete Fourier transform or fast Fourier transform. 48. The inter-antenna phase difference calculating means is D.
The earthquake prediction device according to claim 46 or 47, which is executed by a digital operation by an SP and / or an MPU. 49. The inter-antenna phase difference calculating means includes a phase matched filter coupled to each receiving antenna, a local oscillator, and a balanced mixer coupled to each of the phase matched filter and the local oscillator. It comprises an intermediate filter and an amplifier respectively coupled to these mixers, two multipliers for directly and 90 ° phase-shifting the outputs of these amplifiers, and a low-pass filter for band limiting the output. 31. The earthquake prediction device according to claim 28. 50. The earthquake prediction device according to claim 42, wherein at least three receiving antennas for identifying only the receiving direction are installed so that the spatial position of the radio wave transmission source can be calculated. 51. The waveform sampling engine is coupled to each of the plurality of receiving antennas, and a dual-port memory having a double buffer configuration allows continuous execution without interruption of sampling. The earthquake prediction device described. 52. A waveform feature extraction engine is coupled to each of the plurality of receiving antennas, and a predetermined waveform feature is provided with a waveform rising portion and / or a waveform falling portion having a predetermined amplitude width or more, and / or , Maximum position, and /
Alternatively, a minimum position and / or a zero-cross portion, and / or a maximum / minimum portion, and / or a waveform portion that most closely matches the template radiation waveform, and / or another characteristic waveform data of the antenna 5. The radio wave reception time is calculated by automatically recognizing from the waveform portions having the same number and / or the low frequency component data of 3 kHz or less.
The earthquake prediction device according to 1. 53. The waveform feature extraction engine is configured to automatically recognize a template radiation waveform and / or a waveform portion that best matches other antenna feature waveform data by digital correlation processing. Earthquake prediction device. 54. The band of the received radiated radio wave is DC
~ 20.0 Hz, and / or 100-5.0 kHz,
And / or 0.001 to 9 KHz and / or 0.
01 to 50 kHz and / or 0.1 to 150 kHz
z and / or 0.2 to 2 MHz and / or 0.
1 to 10 MHz and / or 0.8 to 8 MHz and / or 8 to 80 MHz and / or 240 to 320
54. The earthquake prediction device according to claim 25, which has a frequency of MHz. 55. A wired communication line such as a copper cable and an optical fiber cable and / or a wireless communication line such as a microwave and light and / or a satellite communication line between a plurality of receiving locations of the underground discharge radio wave. 55. The earthquake prediction device according to claim 25, wherein data transmission / reception is performed via the.