JPH0966243A - Vertical crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make the crushed grain diameter of a foam insulation material optimum for the after-treatment and make metals round after crushing to improve the yield by specifying the opening ratio of a bottom plate set between a crushing chamber and a discharge outlet. SOLUTION: A bottom plate 5 is set between a crushing chamber 7 and a discharge outlet 10, and the opening ratio εP=Sg/So (So is the area of the hole of annular bottom plate 5, and Sg is the sum total of the area of opening section.) of the bottom plate 5 is set as 0.20-0.60. Also the product (ε=εP.εs.εV) of the particle passage rate εS=Ss/So (Ss represents the area encircled by the locus of average particle diameter inscribing the openings.) and the effective crushing chamber volume ratio (V = the product of the volume V determined by the locus of a hammer end and the wall surfaces of the crushing chamber/the volume Vo encircled by the wall surfaces of the crushing chamber.) is set as 0.04-0.11. The number of collisions of the hammer for matters to be crushed with the sidewalls in the crushing chamber can be reduced, and crushed pieces can be discharged quickly out of the crushing chamber by the arrangement.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crusher for recovering a metal for crushing an object to be crushed containing at least a foam insulation and a metal, and particularly as a pretreatment for a recovery process for recovering a foaming agent from the foam insulation. The present invention relates to a vertical crusher for metal recovery that also serves as crushing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a crusher for recovering metal, for example, as shown in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 55-119141, a crushed object has a plurality of hammers installed on a rotor and a side wall formed into a tapered cylindrical shape. Only the crushed pieces that are crushed by shock between them and crushed to a size that can pass through the opening of the annular bottom plate are discharged from the discharge port.

[0003]

The crusher crushes at least the foam insulating material combined with the metal to recover the metal, and also recovers the foaming agent from the foam insulating material separated by the crusher by post-treatment. In this case, the foam insulation material is crushed too finely and a large amount of the foaming agent is degassed. Therefore, the amount of the foaming agent is reduced in the foaming agent recovery step of the post-treatment, and the efficiency of recovering the foaming agent may decrease.

According to the present invention, the size of the opening of the bottom plate of the crusher is limited so that the crushed particle size of the foamed heat insulating material is optimized for the recovery of CFCs in the post-treatment, and the crushed metal is also rounded. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a crusher capable of recycling metals with high yield.

[0005]

In the present invention, the opening ratio (εp) of the annular bottom plate installed between the crushing chamber and the discharge port is selected to be 0.20 to 0.60. Or aperture ratio (ε
p), particle passage rate (εs), effective crushing chamber volume ratio (εv)
The product of (ε = εp · εs · εv) is selected to be 0.04 to 0.11.

[0006]

[Function] The opening ratio (εp) of the annular bottom plate installed between the crushing chamber and the discharge port is set to 0.20 to 0.60, and the opening ratio (εp), particle passage rate (εs) and effective crushing volume are set. (Ε
v) product (ε = εp · εs · εv) of 0.04 to 0.1
By limiting the numerical value to 1, the number of collisions of the crushed object with the hammer and the side wall in the crushing chamber is reduced, and the crushed fragments are promptly discharged from the crushing chamber, so that the foamed urethane having the optimum crushed particle size is obtained. be able to.

[0007]

【Example】

Embodiment 1 FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of a vertical crusher according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a front view and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. In this embodiment, it is possible to choose the same dimensions as the prior art shredder except for the dimensions of the openings and the like.

In FIG. 1, the crushing chamber 7 is surrounded by a side wall 4 having a tapered cylindrical shape, a ceiling 8 and an annular bottom plate 5, and a rotor 2 having a hammer 3 fixed to the center thereof is installed. Object to be crushed 1
Is a hammer 3 that is thrown in from the top of the crushing chamber and rotates at high speed
Is crushed while receiving a shocking load between the wall and the side wall.
Reference numeral 9 is a crushing auxiliary plate, which is a protrusion fixed to the side wall in order to increase the efficiency of crushing. When the crushed pieces have a size that allows them to pass through the opening 6 (FIG. 2) of the bottom plate 5, they pass through the opening 6 and are discharged from the discharge port 10. Among the crushed pieces, the metal is rounded while being hit with a hammer in the vicinity of the bottom plate of the crushing chamber, and is discharged in a state where the bulk density is increased, which is convenient when recycling the metal. In this embodiment, by limiting the size of the opening 6 of the bottom plate 5 of the crusher, a foaming agent (hereinafter simply referred to as urethane) from a foamed heat insulating material (hereinafter simply referred to as urethane) constituting a refrigerator is removed. For the purpose of crushing the pretreatment of the recovery device, it has the optimum crushed particle size for the recovery of CFCs and has the function of rounding metals.

First, the requirements for the crushed particle size will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the crushed particle size and degassing due to crushing. The smaller the particle size of the crushed piece 11 modeled in a cubic system, the more powdery the surface layer part of the crushed piece (dot network in the figure). The amount of degassing also increases due to the increase in the cross section. This increase in degassing amount is a drawback when the crushed particle size is too small, but conversely, when it is too large, the following adverse effects occur. That is, one of the purposes of crushing is to peel off urethane integrated with a steel plate or plastic due to the structure of the refrigerator. If the crushed particle size is too large, this peeling will be incomplete. In addition, after peeling off urethane, it is necessary to blow light urethane with a wind sorter to separate it, but if the crushed particle size of urethane is too large, the weight of urethane increases in proportion to the cube of the particle size. On the other hand, the ease of flying with respect to the wind, that is, the projected area of urethane that receives the wind is 2
Since it increases only by riding, urethane is less likely to fly as a result. That is, the accuracy of separation from heavy metal or plastic is reduced. As described above, the crushed urethane is required to have an appropriate particle size, and the inventors have determined that the optimum crushed particle size is 20 mm based on the above-mentioned experiments such as degassing, peeling, and wind separation.
-40 mm. One of the factors that determines the crushed particle size is the size of the opening 6 of the bottom plate 5.

According to the present invention, the optimum opening ratio defined by the equation (1) is obtained from a refrigerator crushing experiment in which the size of the opening is changed.

Aperture ratio; εp = Sg / S ₀ ………………………… (1) where S ₀ is the area of the entire annular bottom plate, and in FIG. Is the sum of In addition, a structure that adjusts the opening without a bottom plate, for example, in FIG. 4, the outer diameter (Do) of the lower portion of the crushing chamber and the inner diameter of the outlet capable of discharging the crushed pieces (in FIG. It is an annular area surrounded by Dr)). On the other hand, Sg is the total area of the openings, that is, the total area of the 24 openings in FIG. Further, in the crusher having a structure in which the hatched portion slides to change the size of the opening as shown in FIG. 4, the inside diameter of the outlet Dg capable of discharging the crushed pieces and the outlet capable of discharging the crushed pieces (in FIG. 4, It is an annular area surrounded by the outer diameter (Dr) of the rotor.

FIG. 5 shows the results of a refrigerator crushing experiment. The vertical axis represents the average particle size of urethane, which is the particle size when it is 50% on the cumulative sieve on the normal probability paper.

Among the results, experimental values obtained by changing only the aperture ratio are shown by black circles. On the other hand, the white circle indicates the volume V (the crosshatch part in FIG. 6, hereinafter referred to as the effective crushing chamber volume) that is determined by the trajectory of the hammer tip and the wall of the crushing chamber, which is another factor that affects the crushing particle size, in addition to the opening ratio. The details are experimental values obtained by changing the two factors of Example 2).

As shown in FIG. 5, when the experimental values indicated by black circles and the average particle diameter approaches 0 when the opening ratio is close to 0, the effect of the opening ratio on the crushed particle diameter is considered by linear approximation. A target particle size of 20 mm to 4 in an opening ratio range of 0.25 to 0.5
It becomes 0 mm. Since it is expected that this average particle size will change slightly depending on the material of urethane and changes over time, it is appropriate to have a width for this opening ratio. When the width is wide, the opening ratio is 0.20. ˜0.60, and 0.25 to 0.50 when the width is limited.

Example 2 In Example 1, only the aperture ratio of the grate was limited. In this embodiment, in addition to the aperture ratio, the distance between the locus of the hammer tip and the outer circumference of the rotor (d in FIG. 6), which is another factor that affects the particle size, is examined.

Since the crushed particle size of urethane is larger when the residence time in the crushing chamber is shorter, that is, when urethane passes through the opening more quickly, this factor is expressed by the above-mentioned opening ratio (equation (1)). The product (εp) of the particle passage rates (εs) of the equation (2)
・ We decided to consider in εs). The particle passage rate is the probability that urethane can pass through one sieve mesh when the bottom plate is partitioned by a very thin line and the sieve has an opening ratio of 100%.

Particle passing rate; εs = Ss / S ₀ ………………………………………………………………………………………… (2) Here, Ss is the circle center of the average particle size inscribed in the opening. The area surrounded by the locus (colored portion), S ₀
Is the area of the opening (hatched portion).

On the other hand, another factor that affects the crushed particle size is the number of collisions between the hammer of the crushed material and the wall surface of the crushing chamber. did. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the volume determined by the locus of the hammer tip and the wall surface of the crushing chamber; V (colored portion,
In the following, if the height of the crushing chamber is the same, the larger the volume V is, the longer the moving distance of the crushed pieces in the radial direction, that is, the smaller the number of collisions and the larger the crushed particle size. It was Then, the volume V was divided by the volume V ₀ (FIG. 6) surrounded by the wall surface of the crushing chamber to make it dimensionless, and this was defined as an effective crushing chamber volume ratio: εv (−) (εv = V / V ₀ ). In consideration of the above points, FIG. 8 is a diagram in which the horizontal axis of FIG. 5 is arranged as ε in equation (3).

Ε = εp · εs · εv (3) As is apparent from FIG. 8, the average particle diameter increases almost in proportion to ε on the horizontal axis. It can be seen that an average particle size of 20 mm to 40 mm can be obtained by setting ε to 0.05 to 0.10.

Since it is expected that this average particle size will change somewhat depending on the material of urethane and the change with time, ε is set to have a width as in Example 1, and when the width is wide, ε is 0.04 to. When the width was limited to 0.11, ε was set to 0.05-0.10.

[0021]

According to the present invention, when an object to be crushed containing a foamed heat insulating material, for example, a refrigerator is crushed, the average particle diameter of the foamed heat insulating material becomes about 20 mm to 40 mm and the metal is rounded. Therefore, when the crusher of the present invention is used as a pretreatment device for recovering the foaming agent from the foamed heat insulating material, the degassing amount of the foaming agent is small, so that the efficiency of collecting the foaming agent in the post-treatment is increased, and from the steel plate of the heat insulating material or the like. Peeling off and separation of heat insulating material by a wind sorter becomes good. Further, since the metals are rolled up and discharged, it is possible to recycle the metals with a good yield.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing the configuration of an embodiment of a crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sketch drawing of urethane showing that the chlorofluorocarbon gas in the surface layer portion of the crushed pieces is degassed by crushing.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing the configuration of another embodiment of the crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of a refrigerator crushing experiment with the horizontal axis representing the opening ratio.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an effective crushing chamber volume.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a particle passage rate.

[Fig. 8] Fig. 8 shows the opening ratio on the horizontal axis of the refrigerator crushing experiment result,
It is a characteristic view represented by taking the product of a particle passage rate and an effective crushing chamber volume ratio.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 ... rotor, 3 ... hammer, 5 ... bottom plate, 6 ... opening, 7 ...
Crushing room.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Kazuo Sakaguchi 794 Azuma Higashitoyo, Shimomatsu City, Yamaguchi Prefecture Stock company Hitachi Kasado Factory (72) Inventor Yoshiyuki Takamura 794 Azuma Higashitoyo, Shimomatsu City Yamaguchi Prefecture Stock Association Company Hitachi Ltd. Kasado Plant (72) Inventor Shoichi Iizuka 4-7-1 Akayamacho, Koshigaya City, Saitama Prefecture Shinwa Machine Industry Co., Ltd.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A crusher for crushing an object to be crushed containing at least a foam insulating material and a metal, wherein an opening ratio (area of opening / area of entire bottom plate) of a bottom plate installed between a crushing chamber and a discharge port is Vertical crusher characterized by being 0.20 to 0.60. 2. In a crusher for crushing an object to be crushed containing at least a foam insulation material and a metal, an opening ratio of a bottom plate installed between a crushing chamber and a discharge port (area of opening / area of whole bottom plate) is Vertical crusher characterized by being 0.25 to 0.50. 3. In a crusher for crushing an object to be crushed containing at least a foam insulation material and a metal, an opening ratio of a bottom plate installed between a crushing chamber and a discharge port (εp = area of opening / total area of bottom plate). ), Particle passage rate (εs = area surrounded by a circle center locus of the average particle size inscribed in the opening / area of the opening), and effective crushing chamber volume ratio (εv = on the trail of the hammer tip and the wall of the crushing chamber). The product (ε = εp · εs · εv) of the determined volume V / volume V ₀ surrounded by the wall surface of the crushing chamber is 0.04 to
Vertical crusher characterized by being 0.11. 4. In a crusher for crushing an object to be crushed containing at least a foam insulation material and a metal, the opening ratio of the bottom plate installed between the crushing chamber and the discharge port (εp = area of the opening / area of the entire bottom plate). ), Particle passage rate (εs = area surrounded by a locus of the circle center of the average particle diameter inscribed in the opening / area of the opening) and effective crushing chamber volume ratio (εv = locus of hammer tip and wall of crushing chamber) The product (ε = εp · εs · εv) of the determined volume V / volume V ₀ surrounded by the wall surface of the crushing chamber is 0.05 to
Vertical crusher characterized by being 0.10. 5. In a crusher for crushing an object to be crushed containing at least a foam insulation material and a metal, an opening ratio of a bottom plate installed between a crushing chamber and a discharge port (area of opening / area of whole bottom plate) is 0.20-0.60 and the above-mentioned aperture ratio,
Particle passage rate (εs = area surrounded by the locus of the circle center of the average particle size inscribed in the opening / area of the opening) and effective crushing chamber volume ratio (εv = volume determined by the locus of the hammer tip and the wall of the crushing chamber) V / volume V ₀ surrounded by the wall of the crushing chamber) product (ε
= Εp · εs · εv) is 0.04 to 0.11. A vertical crusher. 6. A crusher for crushing an object to be crushed containing at least a foam insulation material and a metal, wherein an opening ratio of a bottom plate installed between a crushing chamber and a discharge port (area of opening / area of whole bottom plate) is 0.25 to 0.50, and the above aperture ratio,
Particle passage rate (εs = area surrounded by the locus of the circle center of the average particle size inscribed in the opening / area of the opening) and effective crushing chamber volume ratio (εv = volume determined by the locus of the hammer tip and the wall of the crushing chamber) V / volume V ₀ surrounded by the wall of the crushing chamber) product (ε
= Εp · εs · εv) is 0.05 to 0.10. A vertical crusher.