JP3243972B2 - Vertical crusher - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the separation of metal and resin when crushing equipment using a urethane resin containing chlorofluorocarbon as a heat insulating material, such as a refrigerator, and the particle size of the separated resin. To the desired distribution, the amount of CFCs released in urethane during crushing / the initial CFC content in urethane (hereinafter, referred to as
Recorded as CFC degassing rate. ), Which relates to a vertical crusher for reducing crushing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a general prior art of a vertical crusher,
For example, as in the vertical crusher described in the product catalog of Kubota Corporation (H5.7.5.IN.REX), the crushed material input from the input port is placed on the crushing chamber wall with a hammer rotating at high speed. It introduces a configuration in which impact crushing is performed by an installed liner and a slight classifying action is performed in a great provided under the crusher.

[0003]

In the vertical crusher described in the above product catalog, when a crushed piece impact-crushed by the hammer and the liner collides with a grate provided at a lower portion of the crusher, the crushed piece is crushed. Discharged fragments that pass through the Great with a probability according to the size of the fragments and the size of the fragments, or residual fragments that are repelled and reground by the Great,
Particle size distribution occurs in the crushed pieces.

[0004] For example, when a crushed piece impact-crushed by a hammer and the liner collides with a grate of a square opening having an aperture ratio of ε and a side a, a spherical particle having an average particle diameter μ is inscribed in the square opening. Assuming that crushed fragments pass only in the inner region connecting the spherical particle midpoints, the product p of the aperture ratio and the particle passage probability (hereinafter referred to as the opening particle passage ratio p) is expressed by the following equation.

[0005]

(Equation 1)

Therefore, the particle size distribution is generated in the crushed pieces by the opening particle passage rate p.

On the other hand, when crushing equipment such as a refrigerator that uses a urethane resin containing chlorofluorocarbon as a heat insulating material, the degassing rate of chlorofluorocarbon varies depending on the particle size distribution of the crushed resin. At this time, as the average particle size obtained from the particle size distribution is larger, the degassing rate of CFCs becomes smaller, and air pollution can be reduced. However, in general, obtaining crushed pieces having a large average particle size has a disadvantage that it is difficult to separate different kinds of materials when a metal and a resin are bonded, such as a refrigerator. That is, the conventional crushing machine has a structure in which each of the components of the crushed object is crushed into small pieces and separated by material. In other words, it is not considered in terms of reduction of the chlorofluorocarbon degassing rate, and it can be said that the apparatus mainly focuses on separation by material so that it can be recycled. In addition, a general vertical crusher is not a crusher exclusive for refrigerators because the main purpose is to crush the entire home electric appliance.

[0008] An object of the present invention is to provide a vertical crusher capable of crushing a refrigerator, reducing the emission of chlorofluorocarbon to the atmosphere caused by the crushing of the refrigerator, and separating particles by material with a recyclable particle size distribution. Is to do.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a charging port for charging a material to be crushed having a urethane resin containing chlorofluorocarbon as a constituent material, a crushing object charged from the charging port, and a hammer and a crushing chamber. A crushing chamber for impact crushing with a liner,
In a vertical crusher having a great for discharging crushed pieces crushed in the crushing chamber, crushed pieces crushed in the crushing chamber,
In particular, for the urethane resin group having an average particle diameter of 20 to 30 mm, the above-mentioned great can be achieved by setting the opening particle passage rate p of the above-mentioned grit to 0.4 or more.

Further, it can be achieved by installing an apparatus for adsorbing CFCs in a vertical crusher with activated carbon or the like, depending on the degree of CFC degassing generated during crushing.

[0011]

The object to be crushed introduced into the crushing chamber from the inlet is hit by a high-speed rotating hammer, and the crushed pieces are impact-crushed by a liner installed on the inner wall of the crushing chamber. For example, when a crushed piece crushed by a hammer and the liner collides with a grate manufactured with a urethane resin average particle diameter μ = 20 mm and an opening particle passage rate p = 0.4, the size and crushing of the crushed piece The discharged crushed pieces that pass through the great at a probability according to the size of the pieces, and the remaining crushed pieces that are repelled and reground by the great, are separated into particle size distributions. Since this particle size distribution is separated by the great, the average particle size becomes larger than before, and the amount of degassed Freon leaking into the atmosphere can be reduced.

The grounds for the above-mentioned great structure were obtained from the results of experiments conducted by us and are as follows.

When the refrigerator is crushed by a vertical crusher, the particle size of urethane is 50 mm or more (from 5 mm
50mm is dominant and urethane thickness is 50mm on average
), The cumulative weight relative frequency with respect to these particle diameters was arranged on a logarithmic normal probability paper. As a result, it was found that the particle size distribution of crushed pieces, especially urethane, can be treated as a normal distribution with an average particle diameter μ = 10 mm. The distribution function was found to be as follows.

[0014]

(Equation 2)

Here, x is a urethane particle diameter, and A1 and B1 are constants. When the average particle size μ of urethane is 10 mm, the opening particle passage rate p of the vertical crusher is 0.4.

Accordingly, the relationship between the average particle diameter μ and the chlorofluorocarbon degassing rate F and the selection of the average particle diameter μ within a range where the metal and the urethane resin can be separated (30 mm or less) make it possible to reduce the chlorofluorocarbon degassing rate from the conventional one. A low great dimension can be determined. From the experimental results, it was found that the relationship between the average particle size μ and the CFC degassing rate F can be approximated by the following equation.

[0017]

(Equation 3)

Here, A, B, C, D and E are constants.

As described above, even in a vertical crusher having a reduced CFC degassing rate, if the CFC degassing rate exceeds the emission gas regulation value, the apparatus for adsorbing the gas in the vertical crusher with activated carbon or the like. By installing, it is possible to more completely prevent the emission of CFCs into the atmosphere. In addition, since the specifications of the adsorption device are determined depending on the amount of degassing, the degassing rate of chlorofluorocarbon is reduced as much as possible, so that the adsorption device can be made compact and low-cost.

Claims 3 to 6 in the claims limit the great structure, and have the same effect as in the first aspect. For example, the third aspect is the one in which the great shape is a square lattice, and Average particle size of resin is 20mm, 30mm
The aperture at the time of is 200 mm, 300
mm. In this case, the CFC deaeration rate can be estimated from Equation 3. Great dimensions can be obtained by similarly calculating the shapes of the other claims.

[0021]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a vertical crusher. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a device, such as a refrigerator, using a urethane resin containing chlorofluorocarbon as a heat insulating material, which is crushed by a coarse crusher (not shown) or the like into a size that can be introduced into a vertical crusher. The crushed material 2 is an inlet for charging the crushed material 1 provided at the upper part of the vertical crusher, 3 is a crushing chamber, 4 is a high-speed rotating rotor, 5 is installed on the rotor 4 and is driven together with the rotor 4 6 is a liner installed on the inner wall of the crusher, 7 is a crushed piece crushed in the crushing chamber 3, 8 is a lower part of the crushing chamber 3, and is a great for discharging the crushed piece 7 crushed in the crushing chamber 7 a Is a discharged crushed piece that passes through the opening of the great 9, and 7 b is a residual crushed piece that is repelled and crushed by the great 8.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. Input port 2
The crushed object 1 introduced into the crushing chamber 3 is hit by a high-speed rotating hammer 5, and the hit crushed object 1 is impact-crushed by a liner 6. The crushed pieces 7 are repelled and returned to the crushing chamber without entering the great opening, and pass through the grade opening, and are discharged from the discharge port 10 through the chute 9. For example, the crushed pieces 7 impact-crushed by the hammer 5 and the liner 6 have a urethane resin average particle diameter μ = 20 mm and an opening particle passage rate p.
= 0.4, the crushed pieces 7a that pass through the great at a probability according to the size of the crushed pieces and the size of the crushed pieces, are repelled by the great and returned to the crushing chamber, It is divided into residual crushed pieces 7b to be crushed.
Accordingly, a particle size distribution having a certain probability and a certain average particle size occurs in the discharged crushed pieces 7a. Since this particle size distribution is separated by the great 8, the average particle size becomes larger than before, and the amount of degassed Freon leaking into the atmosphere can be reduced. Further, since the urethane resin has a particle size distribution of average particle size μ = 20 to 30 mm, it can be separated for each material, and there is no problem in recycling. Further, as described above, even in the vertical crusher in which the chlorofluorocarbon degassing rate is reduced, if the chlorofluorocarbon degassing rate exceeds the emission gas regulation value, a device for adsorbing the gas in the vertical crusher with activated carbon or the like is installed. This makes it possible to completely prevent the emission of CFCs into the atmosphere. In addition, since the specifications of the adsorption device are determined depending on the amount of degassing, the degassing rate of chlorofluorocarbon is reduced as much as possible, so that the adsorption device can be made compact and low-cost.

The great 8 can have various structures as defined in claims 3 to 6, and the effect is the same as that of the structure defined in claim 1.

FIG. 2 shows a case where the opening of the great is a square great. As is clear from FIG. 1, the central portion 11 is located at the lower portion of the rotor, and is a region that can be considered substantially free of crushed fragments. The surface excluding this portion is the substantial great surface. Reference numeral 12 denotes a square opening having a square of 200 mm on one side, and this great has eight square openings 12 having an aperture ratio of 0.49 on a substantially great surface,
Reference numeral 13 denotes a spherical particle having an average particle diameter μ = 20 mm, and reference numeral 14 denotes a square particle passage opening inside the broken line connecting the midpoints of the spherical particle 13 when the spherical particle 13 is inscribed in the great and having a side of 180 mm.

FIG. 3 shows a case in which the opening of the great is a rectangular great.
A rectangular opening having a long side of 302 mm, 8 has an aperture ratio of 0.
49 is a great having eight rectangular openings 15 and 16 is the inside of the broken line connecting the midpoints of the spherical particles 13 when the spherical particles 13 are inscribed in the openings of the great, and the short side is 131 mm and the long side is 282 mm. It is a rectangular particle passage.

FIG. 4 shows a case where the opening of the grade is a circular great, 17 is a circular opening having a circular diameter of 200 mm, 8 is a great having eight circular openings 17 having an aperture ratio of 0.49, Reference numeral 18 denotes the inside of a broken line connecting the midpoints of the spherical particles when the spherical particles 13 are inscribed in the opening, and has a diameter of 18
It is a circular particle passage opening of 0 mm.

FIG. 5 shows a case in which the opening of the grade is an elliptical great.
An elliptical opening having a major axis of 288 mm.
49 is a great having eight elliptical diameter openings, and 20 is the inside of the broken line connecting the midpoints of the spherical particles when the spherical particles 13 are inscribed in the circular opening. The minor axis is 180 mm and the major axis is 26.
It is an oval particle passage having a diameter of 8 mm.

[0029]

According to the present invention, the average particle size of the crushed pieces discharged from the crusher becomes larger than before, and the amount of degassed CFCs leaking into the atmosphere can be reduced. Further, since the urethane resin has a particle size distribution of average particle size μ = 20 to 30 mm, it can be separated for each material, and there is no problem in recycling.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing one embodiment of a vertical crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing a great having a square opening.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing a great having a rectangular opening.

FIG. 4 is a front view partially showing a great having a circular opening.

FIG. 5 is a front view partially showing an elliptical great.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... crushed object, 2 ... input port, 3 ... crushing chamber, 4 ... rotor,
5 hammer, 6 liner, 7 crushed pieces, 8 great, 9 chute, 12 square opening, 13 average particle, 15 rectangular opening, 17 circular opening, 19 elliptical opening .

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshiyuki Takamura 794, Higashi-Toyoi, Kazamatsu-shi, Yamaguchi Prefecture Inside the Kasado Plant, Hitachi, Ltd. (56) References JP-A-6-184348 (JP, A) 62-156348 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B02C 13/00-13/31 B09B 1/00-5/00 B29B 17/00-17/02

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A crushing object which is charged with an object to be crushed having a urethane resin containing chlorofluorocarbon as a constituent material is impacted by a hammer and a liner installed on the inner wall of the crushing chamber. In a vertical crusher having a crushing chamber for crushing and a great for discharging crushed pieces crushed in the crushing chamber, an average particle size of the crushed pieces crushed in the crushing chamber is 20 to 3
A vertical crusher characterized in that the product of the probability of passing a crushed piece of 0 mm through the above-mentioned great and the opening ratio of the above-mentioned great is 0.4 or more. 2. The vertical crusher according to claim 1, wherein the crushed pieces having an average particle size of 20 to 30 mm are mainly composed of a urethane resin group. 3. The opening of each of the great openings has a square shape.
And one side of the square opening has an average particle diameter of 20 to
For an object of 30 mm, the aperture ratio is 0.2 to 200 to 300 mm.
3. The vertical crusher according to claim 2, wherein the number is about 49. 4. The vertical crusher according to claim 2 , wherein each opening of said great is rectangular . 5. The above-mentioned great is a perforated plate having a combination of circular openings, and the diameter of the circular openings is 20 to
For objects of 30 mm, 200-300 mm, aperture ratio 0.4
3. The vertical crusher according to claim 2, wherein the crusher is about 9. 6. The above-mentioned great is a perforated plate in which elliptical openings are combined, and the minor axis of the elliptical openings has an average particle size of 2 or more.
For objects of 0 to 30 mm, 200 to 300 mm, aperture ratio of 0.
3. The vertical crusher according to claim 2, wherein the crusher is about 49. 7. A crushing chamber into which an object to be crushed is charged, a crushing chamber for impact crushing the crushed object from the input port with a hammer and a liner provided on the inner wall of the crushing chamber, and crushing in the crushing chamber. Using a vertical crusher having a great capacity to discharge the crushed pieces, the crushed pieces crushed in the crushing chamber have an average particle size of 20 to 3
Cross the 0mm of crushed pieces is a product of the particles pass probability and the opening ratio of the Great passing through the Great is 0.4 or more, with a urethane resin containing a chlorofluorocarbon as the material
A crushing method using a vertical crusher, which crushes heat material . 8. A crushing method using a vertical crusher according to claim 7, wherein said crushed material has a urethane resin containing chlorofluorocarbon as a constituent material.