JP2003211091A - Sorting method and sorting apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sorting method which enables efficient sorting and recovery of a resin carbide and metal powder from a mixture of a resin and the metal powder. <P>SOLUTION: In this sorting method, the mixture of the resin and the metal powder is sorted and recovered, therein, the resin carbide and the metal powder are charged to vibration plates which are disposed at prescribed inclination angles and, at the same time, ultrasonic vibrations are applied to the vibration plates. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a sorting method and a sorting apparatus. More specifically, a selection method and a method for efficiently selecting resin carbide and metal powder from a mixture (carbide) obtained by heating shredder dust, which is a mixture of resin and metal powder, for example, non-ferrous metal (Cu etc.) powder, and Regarding sorting equipment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there are apparatuses and methods for selecting a mixture of substances having different densities (specific gravity) by using vibration or wind force. For example, a casing having an inlet for separation, an outlet for separated substances, an air inlet and an air outlet, a sieve inclined in the casing, and the sieve with the inclination angle kept constant. Driving means for vibrating so as to give an accelerating force, means provided for the lower portion of the casing to discharge a substance having a large apparent specific gravity and a small grain size,
There is an apparent specific gravity difference device including an air blowing unit capable of blowing air to the lower surface of the sieve through an air inlet of the casing, and a straightening plate for equalizing the wind pressure due to the flow of air (JP-A-8- (See Japanese Patent No. 141508). This device is basically a wind-powered sorter, and the sieve is tilted at a certain angle.The sorting method using this device is that the lighter material is levitated by the wind force and the heavier one is applied to the sieve. Are separated by using. Therefore, it is considered that the processing capacity is low due to the batch processing.
Further, in terms of equipment, it has a complicated structure because it requires a blower, or requires an air straightening plate and a rotary vibration device. Further, since this apparatus is an apparent specific gravity selection by wind force, even if roughly four kinds of selection are possible, it seems that it is very difficult to quantitatively determine the boundaries and perform the selection. For example, if a small copper powder is hardened with a resin carbide, the copper powder is collected on the carbide side, so that it is difficult to perform accurate particle size selection.

Further, as another sorting device, a casing having an input port for inputting dry dust and an inside of the casing are arranged at an inclination angle of 11 to 15 °, and are arranged from the rear surface side to the front surface side. A vibration plate that has a plurality of ventilation holes that allow the flowing air flow to rotate and vibrate in the direction that moves the incombustible waste out of the input dry waste and that has a plurality of serrated ridges on the surface side. And a combustible waste discharger provided on the high side of the diaphragm and a combustible waste outlet provided on the low side of the diaphragm (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-145854). This device has a saw-tooth-shaped convex portion on a sieve, and uses a wind power selection method that uses wind power and rotational vibration applied to the sieve. Therefore, since the difference in apparent specific gravity is utilized, it has the same problem as the apparent specific gravity difference device and the vibration frequency is as low as 3.3 to 6.7 Hz.
It is also possible that clogging and dust on other parts may occur.

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a sorting method and a sorting apparatus that can efficiently sort and collect resin carbide and metal powder from a mixture of resin and metal powder. To aim.

[0005]

The sorting method of the present invention is a sorting method for sorting and collecting a mixture of resin and metal powder, wherein the resin carbide and the metal powder are installed at a predetermined inclination angle. The ultrasonic wave is applied to the vibrating plate while the ultrasonic wave is applied to the vibrating plate.

Further, the sorting method of the present invention is a sorting method in which a mixture of resin and metal powder is crushed, and then finely divided resin carbide and metal powder are sorted and collected. It is characterized in that metal powder is introduced into a diaphragm installed at a predetermined inclination angle and ultrasonic vibration is applied to the diaphragm.

Further, the sorting apparatus of the present invention is a sorting apparatus for sorting and collecting a mixture of resin and metal powder, which is installed at a predetermined inclination angle and is charged with the resin carbide and the metal powder. A vibrating plate, an ultrasonic wave generating means for applying ultrasonic vibration to the vibrating plate, and a collection box for sorting and collecting the resin carbide and the metal powder.

Further, the sorting apparatus of the present invention is a sorting apparatus for crushing a mixture of resin and metal powder, and then sorting and collecting the finely divided resin carbide and metal powder, which has a predetermined inclination angle. Installed on the diaphragm, the vibrating plate into which the resin carbide and the metal powder are put, an ultrasonic wave generating means for applying ultrasonic vibration to the vibrating plate, and a collection for separately collecting and collecting the resin carbide and the metal powder. It is characterized by comprising a box.

As a condition of the carbonization treatment performed as a pre-selection step, a step of performing a thermal decomposition treatment in which the weight change rate of the resin volatile matter before and after the carbonization treatment is 90% or more is used. Further, it is preferable to perform the thermal decomposition treatment in an atmosphere in which the temperature during the carbonization treatment is 300 ° C. or higher and oxygen is substantially absent.

Here, the weight change rate of the volatile matter of the resin means that the weight of the volatile matter in the raw material before the carbonization treatment, that is, the pyrolysis dry distillation treatment in an inert gas atmosphere is 100, It means the ratio of the amount volatilized from the raw material, which is calculated from the weight of volatile matter. That is, it means the removal rate of the resin volatile matter.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, when shredder dust, which is a mixture of a resin such as polyethylene and a metal powder such as non-ferrous metal (Cu) powder, is disposed of, the metal content is reused. After crushing the mixture produced by carbonizing the mixture, only the carbide of the resin is made fine, and then the finely made resin carbide and the metal powder are efficiently selected by using ultrasonic vibration.

By applying ultrasonic waves to a vibrating plate into which the resin carbide and the metal powder are introduced, for example, a rectangular inclined sieve, friction resistance between the mesh portion of the vibrating plate and the carbide is significantly reduced. Even if the thickness is about 100 μm, the sorting becomes possible and the fluidity is improved by the ultrasonic vibration, which leads to the improvement of the sorting ability.

Further, by applying ultrasonic waves to a collecting member collecting the resin carbide and incidental equipment such as a dustproof member, the radiating pressure generated inside the diaphragm and the collecting member and / or the dustproof member allows the sieve ability. Can be significantly improved.

When an ultrasonic wave is applied to a plate, a standing wave is generated on the plate, so that a sound pressure of longitudinal vibration is generated radially from the plate surface on which the standing wave vibrates. And this sound pressure is called radiation pressure.

As a condition of the carbonization treatment performed as a pre-selection step, it is possible to improve the selection ability by performing a thermal decomposition treatment in which the weight change rate or the removal rate of the resin volatile matter before and after the carbonization treatment is 90% or more. it can. This is because if the weight change rate of the volatile content is less than 90%, the resin and the metal enter the sorting step in the state of being welded, and it becomes difficult to exhibit the above-described sorting function.

Further, it was also found that the above-mentioned state in which the resin and the metal are not welded can be achieved by carrying out the thermal decomposition treatment in an atmosphere where the temperature during the carbonization treatment is 300 ° C. or higher and oxygen is substantially absent. In the present specification, an atmosphere in which oxygen is substantially absent means an atmospheric oxygen concentration of 0.1.
It means an atmosphere that is less than about%.

The sorting method and sorting apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, a sorting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a conveying means 1 for conveying a mixture M, a metal powder M1a described later, and a fine resin carbide M1b, and the mixture. A crushing means 2 for crushing the body M to make the carbide fine, a diaphragm 3 for sieving the metal powder M1a and the resin carbide M1b made fine, and an ultrasonic wave generating means for applying ultrasonic waves to the diaphragm 3. It is equipped with 4. In the lower part of the vibrating plate 3, the metal powder M which has been sieved
Collection boxes 5 and 6 for respectively collecting 1a and resin carbide M1b are arranged. Further, a collecting member 7 is installed on the back side of the diaphragm 3 and the diaphragm 3
The dustproof member 8 is disposed on the front side of the. For example, the metal powder M1a has an average diameter of 0.2 to 0.3 mm and a length of 5 to 10 mm, and the resin carbide M1b has an average diameter of
It is 50 to 100 μm. In addition, in FIG. 1, F is a rotation direction.

As the conveying means 1, a belt conveyor device or the like which is usually used can be used.

The crushing means 2 is composed of an upper roll 10a and a lower roll 10b, which are arranged under pressure on the upper and lower portions of the belt 9, and a drive motor (not shown) for driving the lower roll 10b. . In addition, in the present embodiment, in order to maintain a predetermined crushing pressure on the roll shaft 11 of the upper roll 10a and to reduce the degree of fineness of the resin carbide when the mixture M is crushed, for example, to obtain a predetermined particle size. An elevating member 12 that allows the upper roll 10a to move upward is provided so that the crushing pressure can be adjusted. The elevating member 12 also functions as a shock absorber that prevents overload on the upper and lower rolls 10a and 10b due to intrusion of the large mixture M or the hard mixture M between the upper and lower rolls 10a and 10b. The material of the upper roll 10a is preferably a soft roller such as a rubber roller so that it can follow the shape of the mixture M to some extent.
On the other hand, the material of the lower roll 10b is preferably a metal roll having high rigidity in order to rotate the belt 9 at a predetermined position under the belt 9.

The vibrating plate 3, as shown in FIG.
A mesh portion 14 surrounded by a vibrating frame 13 arranged inside
have. Further, since the vibrating plate 3 is vibrated in the horizontal direction and the metal powder M1a and the resin carbide M1b introduced from the belt 9 can be sieved, it can be held in a horizontal state. In order to enable continuous recovery, in the present embodiment, at the downstream position of the transport means 1,
It is installed so as to be inclined at a predetermined inclination angle θ. The shape of the diaphragm 3 is not particularly limited and may be rectangular or circular, but rectangular is preferable. This is because the contact resistance between the metal powder M1a and the resin carbide M1b and the mesh portion 14 is small due to the ultrasonic vibration, so that the fluidity is improved and the vibration of the diaphragm 3 causes the metal powder M1a and the resin carbide M1b to move downward. This is because the smooth flow of the mesh portion 14 allows the effective distance L through which the mesh portion 14 flows to be long within a range permitted by the installation equipment of the diaphragm 3. As a result, the recovery processing capacity can be improved. Also,
The mesh size (mesh size of the mesh) of the mesh portion 14 is selected to be, for example, about 100 to 200 μm or selected according to the selection size of the resin carbide and the metal powder to be selected, or the selection efficiency (selection target). Yes 97-100%
It can also be set appropriately according to the above.

Regarding the inclination angle θ of the diaphragm 3,
Although it can be determined experimentally, it can be set in the range of, for example, about 1 to 30 degrees. For example, the tilt angle θ
However, if it is too large, the throughput of the sieve increases but the efficiency decreases. Also, if the tilt angle θ is too small, on the contrary,
The throughput is low, but the efficiency is good.

As the ultrasonic wave generating means 4, an ultrasonic wave generator having an ultrasonic pulse generator and a vibrating section 15 composed of an ultrasonic vibration oscillation oscillator 15a and an amplitude amplification horn 15b may be used. it can. The optimum frequency of ultrasonic vibration is, for example, 15 KHz or higher, preferably 20 KHz or higher. The vibrating portion 15 is installed on the back surface of the vibrating plate 3 and vibrates the mesh portion 14 of the vibrating plate 3 by ultrasonic waves. The ultrasonic wave emitted from the vibrating portion 15 propagates through the vibrating frame 13 and vibrates the mesh portion 14. Therefore, the vibrating portion 15 may be installed at an appropriate position in the entire circumference of the vibrating frame 13. it can. By applying ultrasonic waves to the mesh portion 14, the flowability of the metal powder M1a and the resin carbide M1b put into the vibration plate 3 becomes very good, so that the particles are sufficiently sifted before they flow into the collection boxes 5 and 6. To be

In the present embodiment, ultrasonic waves are applied to the mesh portion of the diaphragm, which is a sieve, instead of imparting rotational vibration to wind force or a sieve as in the conventional case. Radiation pressure due to ultrasonic waves is generated on the surface layer of. This radiation pressure causes the fine particles to vibrate violently. Also, it is generally said that a substance that is vibrating with ultrasonic waves has a very small frictional resistance. Therefore, the synergistic effect of these substances makes it very easy to use fine particles that are smaller than the mesh size of the mesh part. It will pass through the eyes of the mesh. Even if the fine particles are hardened together, violent vibration is applied, so that they are naturally crushed by the force of ultrasonic waves, which facilitates passage.

It is preferable to provide the vibrating portion 21 on the collecting member 7 and / or the dustproof member 8. By setting the frequency of the vibrating section 21 to be the same as the frequency of the vibrating section 15, the vibrating plate 3, the collecting member 7 and / or the dustproof member 8 easily cause a resonance phenomenon. As a result, the vibration of the diaphragm 3 itself increases due to the radiation pressure generated from the inner surface of the collecting member 7 and / or the dustproof member 8, so that the sorting efficiency can be improved and dust and dust are attached (adhered). Can also be prevented. Further, by connecting the collection member 7 and the collection box 6, the resin carbide M1b in the collection box 6 can be continuously vibrated and conveyed by using the vibration of the collection member 7.

In this embodiment, one diaphragm 1 is provided.
Although it is a multi-stage sorting device, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be a multi-stage sorting device including a plurality of diaphragms. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, in another embodiment, a second diaphragm having a second mesh portion 22 having a smaller mesh size than the mesh portion 14 of the diaphragm 3 on the back side of the diaphragm 3. A two-stage sorting device including two vibrating plates 3 and 23 can be obtained by connecting 23 with a continuous lever 24. With such a two-stage sorter, a large one such as a core wire (copper wire) of vinyl copper wires containing the mixture M before carbonization, or a residue (nonferrous metal such as Zn, Sn) generated after carbonization. 25) each of which is collected into a collection box 25.
a, 25b, 25c.

In the present embodiment, the mixture, the resin carbide and the metal powder are conveyed, the conveying means for introducing the resin carbide and the metal powder into the vibrating plate, and the mixture is crushed to finely separate the resin carbide. However, the present invention is not limited to this, for example, by charging a raw material obtained by crushing the mixture into resin carbide and metal powder in advance from the supply hopper to the vibration plate. It is also possible to omit the conveying means and the crushing means.

Next, still another embodiment will be described.
In the present embodiment, the radiation pressure of the ultrasonic waves can be used to perform selection according to the difference in flight distance due to the difference in density of the resin carbide and the metal powder. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the sorting apparatus according to the present embodiment is provided with a diaphragm (a diaphragm having no mesh portion) 31, an ultrasonic wave generating means 32, and a lower portion of the diaphragm 31 having a substantially uniform thickness. And a collection box 34 for collecting the metal powder M3b and a collection box 34 for collecting the resin carbide M3a installed at a predetermined distance from the diaphragm 31. Further, there is provided at least one chute 35 for surely guiding the resin carbide M3a blown out from the vibration plate 31 to the collection box 34 by the radiation pressure of the ultrasonic waves. Thereby, the metal powder M3b having a high density is collected in the collection box 33, and
The resin carbide M3a having a low density is blown off by the radiation pressure of ultrasonic waves and is collected in the collection box 34. In addition, in the present embodiment, the dustproof member 36 can be installed as in the above-described embodiments. In addition, the dust-proof member 36 is attached to the vibrating section 3
7 can also be provided.

Next, still another embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, the ultrasonic levitation force can be used to make a selection based on the difference in levitation due to the difference in the density of the resin carbide and the metal powder. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the sorting apparatus according to the present embodiment is provided with a diaphragm 41 having a substantially uniform thickness, an ultrasonic wave generation means 42, and a predetermined distance on the front side of the diaphragm 41. The reflecting plate 43, the vibrating plate 41, and collecting boxes 44a, 44b, 44c for collecting the resin carbides M4a, M4b and the metal powder M4c, which are installed at predetermined positions below the reflecting plate 43, respectively. Further, between the collecting boxes 44a, 44b, 44c and the vibrating plate 41 and the reflecting plate 43, the falling resin carbides M4a, M4b and the metal powder M4c are reliably guided to the collecting boxes 44a, 44b, 44c. Shoot 4
5a, 45b, 45c are provided. This allows
When ultrasonic waves are applied to the vibrating plate 41, a standing wave sound field is formed in the air between the vibrating plate 41 and the reflecting plate 43, so that the resin carbide M4 having a low density is located at the node of the vibration.
After the a and the resin carbide M4b are floated, they are collected in the collection boxes 44a and 44b and sorted. Further, the metal powder M4c having a high density is used for the diaphragm 41 and the chute 4.
5c falls by its own weight and is collected in the collection box 44c.

Next, the present invention will be described based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to such examples.

Example 1 As shown in Table 1, a mixture (carbide) obtained by firing Shredder dust, which is a mixture of polyethylene and copper.
Was used as the material. The processing amount of this material is 1
About 0 kg was used. The mixing ratio of copper at this time is 10
It was about%.

Next, as a conventional sorting apparatus, as shown in FIG. 6, a vibrator 101 having a built-in vibration motor and a sorting container 103 installed on the vibrator 101 via a coil spring 102 are provided. A circular vibrating sieve composed of This sorting container 103 has an eaves 104 installed inside, a charging port 105 for charging a material to the top, a collecting port 106 for collecting copper powder, and a collecting port 107 for collecting resin carbide. is doing.
In addition, 108 is a conical bottom of the sorting container 103.

Next, as shown in Table 1, with respect to the sorting apparatus (Example) shown in FIG. 1 in which the mesh size was set to 100 μm and the circular vibrating sieves (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) set to 100 μm and 400 μm, respectively. , A vibration sieving experiment was conducted. The results are shown in Table 2. From Table 2, it can be seen that this example can be put to practical use as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

[0034]

[Table 1]

[0035]

[Table 2]

Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4 The shredder dust after the shredder treatment of the scrapped automobile in a general process was used as a raw material. The weight ratio of copper in the shredder dust was 4%. The residue produced by carbonization under the thermal decomposition conditions shown in Table 3 (however, the atmospheric oxygen concentration is less than 0.1%) was recovered, crushed with a ball mill, and then the frequency was changed using a 147 μm sieve. The tilt angle of the vibrating screen is set to 5 while setting to 30 kHz.
And a sieving process was performed. The results are shown in Table 3.
Shown in. It can be seen from Table 3 that Examples 2 to 5 can be put into practical use as compared with Comparative Examples 3 to 4.

[0037]

[Table 3]

[0038]

As described above, according to the present invention,
By using ultrasonic waves, resin carbide and metal powder can be efficiently selected from the carbonized mixture as compared with the conventional vibrating screen. As a result, we were able to significantly improve both the sorting capacity and batch processing capacity.
Industrial application is possible.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a sorting apparatus of the present invention.

2 is a plan view of the diaphragm of FIG. 1. FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the sorting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the sorting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view showing still another embodiment of the sorting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a front view showing an example of a conventional sorting device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Transport means 2 crushing means Vibration plate with 3 mesh parts 4 Ultrasonic generator 5, 6 collection box 7 Collection member 8 Dustproof member 9 belt 10a upper roll 10b lower roll 11 roll axis 12 Lifting member 13 Vibration frame 14 mesh section 15a oscillator 15b horn 15, 21 Vibration part

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI Theme Coat (reference) B09B 3/00 ZAB B09B 3/00 ZAB (72) Inventor Kazuo Onuki 1 Fuji-machi, Hirohata-ku, Himeji-shi, Hyogo Shin-Nippon Steel Corporation Hirohata Works (72) Inventor Takahiko Oguro No. 1 Fujimachi, Hirohata-ku, Himeji-shi, Hyogo Prefecture Shin-Nippon Steel Co., Ltd. Hirohata Works F-term (reference) 4D004 AA28 BA05 CA04 CA08 CA26 CB02 CB34 CB46 DA03 DA10 4D021 AA03 AB02 CA07 CB11 CB18 DA01 DA05 DA13 DA15 DB01 EB01 JA05 JB03 KA12 KB10 LA01 LA05 LA07 LA11 LA20 MA08 NA02 NA10

Claims (20)

[Claims] 1. A sorting method for sorting and collecting a mixture of a resin and a metal powder, wherein the resin carbide and the metal powder are put into a diaphragm installed at a predetermined inclination angle, and the diaphragm is also collected. A method of sorting by applying ultrasonic vibration to the. 2. A sorting method of pulverizing a mixture of resin and metal powder, and then sorting and collecting finely divided resin carbide and metal powder, wherein the resin carbide and metal powder have a predetermined inclination angle. A method of sorting, in which the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the diaphragm installed in the diaphragm. 3. The sorting method according to claim 1, wherein the diaphragm has a mesh portion. 4. The sorting method according to claim 3, wherein ultrasonic vibration is applied to a collecting member installed on the back side of the diaphragm to collect the resin carbide. 5. The sorting method according to claim 3, wherein ultrasonic vibration is applied to the dustproof member installed on the front side of the diaphragm. 6. The diaphragm according to claim 3, wherein the diaphragms are installed in multiple stages.
The selection method according to 4 or 5. 7. The sorting method according to claim 1, wherein a reflector is installed on the front side of the diaphragm. 8. The sorting method according to claim 1, wherein ultrasonic vibration is applied to the dustproof member installed on the front side of the diaphragm. 9. The mixture of the resin and the metal powder is a mixture of a resin carbide and a metal powder which have been subjected to a thermal decomposition treatment in which the weight change rate of the resin volatile matter before and after the carbonization treatment is 90% or more. The sorting method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8. 10. The sorting method according to claim 9, wherein the thermal decomposition treatment is performed in an atmosphere in which the temperature during the carbonization treatment is 300 ° C. or higher and oxygen is substantially absent. 11. A sorting device for sorting and collecting a mixture of resin and metal powder, the diaphragm being installed at a predetermined inclination angle and into which the resin carbide and the metal powder are charged, A sorting device comprising: an ultrasonic wave generating means for applying ultrasonic vibration to a diaphragm; and a collection box for sorting and collecting the resin carbide and the metal powder. 12. A sorting device for sorting and collecting finely divided resin carbide and metal powder after crushing a mixture of resin and metal powder, which is installed at a predetermined inclination angle and A diaphragm into which resin carbide and metal powder are added,
A sorting device comprising: an ultrasonic wave generating means for applying ultrasonic vibration to the vibrating plate; and a collecting box for sorting and collecting the resin carbide and the metal powder. 13. A conveying means for conveying the mixture, the resin carbide and the metal powder, and charging the resin carbide and the metal powder into the diaphragm, and a pulverizing means for pulverizing the mixture and refining the resin carbide. The sorting apparatus according to claim 12, comprising: 14. The sorting apparatus according to claim 11, 12 or 13, wherein the vibrating plate has a mesh portion. 15. The sorting device according to claim 11, 12, 13 or 14, wherein a collecting member is installed on the back side of said diaphragm. 16. The sorting apparatus according to claim 11, wherein a dustproof member is arranged on the front side of the diaphragm. 17. The sorting device according to claim 15, wherein the collecting member and / or the dustproof member is provided with a vibrating section of ultrasonic wave generating means for applying ultrasonic waves. 18. The sorting apparatus according to claim 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17, wherein the vibrating plates are installed in multiple stages. 19. The sorting device according to claim 11, 12 or 13, wherein a reflector is installed on the front side of said diaphragm. 20. A dustproof member is provided on the front side of the diaphragm, and a vibrator of ultrasonic wave generation means for applying ultrasonic vibration to the dustproof member is provided.
Or the sorting apparatus according to 13 above.