JPH0928216A - Dripping water sprinkling device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dripping water sprinkling device having a high efficiency in using water, capable of sprinkling even a small amount of water and capable of using even water containing a large amount of dissolved salts. SOLUTION: This dripping water sprinkling device is constituted by burying at least a part of a water impermeable conduit body 1 having a water flowing passage 2 for original sprinkling water, covering the upper part of the conduit body 1 with a lid body having a light transparency, elevating the water vapor density in the space under the lid body 4 with heating the original sprinkling water flowing through the water passage 2 by sunlight, also condensing the water vapor for forming water droplets 11 at the inner surface 12 of the lid body 4, introducing the water droplets 11 from the inner surface 12 of the lid body to the outside and penetrating the water into a soil 3 to supply the water to the root of a plant 3. Curled parts 101 of the conduit body are formed by curving the upper parts of the conduit body 1 to their outside and curled parts 401 of the lid body are formed by curving the both side edges to their inner direction, and also small holes 402 for introducing the condensed water are formed. The curled parts 101 of the conduit body are fitted elastically with the curled parts 401 of the lid body.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a drip irrigation system capable of irrigating agricultural cultivated land, particularly irrigation with excellent water utilization efficiency.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the population of the whole world has been rapidly increasing, while the amount of crops produced per unit of crop has reached a ceiling, and food problems are expected to become a major issue in the future. Although it is necessary to expand the cultivated land in order to increase the yield of agricultural products, the conditions of land to be cultivated in the future are considered to be severe for agriculture. For example, slash-and-burn agriculture due to deforestation in rainy areas has reduced air purification function,
In particular, it is not preferable because the function of reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide is impaired. Therefore, future land reclamation will need to be barren land in the rainy areas. Irrigation is required for farming in the rainy region. For irrigation, a method is generally adopted in which water is poured from a reservoir to an agricultural land through a canal or a gutter to irrigate it.

However, this method consumes a large amount of water, and it is difficult to secure water in a rainy region. Also, in deserted barren soil, the content of salt in the soil is high, so if a large amount of water is irrigated, the water that has penetrated into the soil will dissolve the salt, and the water with dissolved salt will dry the ground surface. Along with it, it rises to the ground surface by capillarity and evaporates. For this reason, salt concentration is concentrated on the ground surface, resulting in salt damage, which makes agriculture impossible.

In order to prevent this, a drip irrigation method is employed in which a pipe having small holes is laid along a ridge of an agricultural land, and only the minimum amount of water necessary for a crop is applied from the small holes of the pipe. ing. This method is an excellent irrigation method because the amount of water used is small and there is no problem of raising the salt content in the soil. However, since the conventional drip irrigation method is a method of applying an extremely small amount of water from a small hole in a pipe, there is a problem that irrigation of water containing mud or the like easily causes clogging of the small hole. Also in this method, salt damage cannot be avoided if water containing salt is used as the irrigation water. In particular, it is difficult to secure water with low salt content in areas that are currently abandoned as barren land, and the reality is that water with high salt content must be used. It is the same in Japan and in remote islands that it is difficult to secure fresh water.

[0005]

Therefore, the present invention has high water use efficiency, enables irrigation with a small amount of water, and
It is an object of the present invention to provide a drip irrigation device that can be used as irrigation even for water with a high dissolved salt content.

[0006]

The inventors of the present invention have achieved the present invention as a result of earnest studies to achieve the above object, and the drip irrigation system according to the present invention is a flowing water channel for irrigation. At least a part of the impermeable gutter having the above is buried in soil, the upper part of the gutter is covered with a translucent lid, and the raw water for irrigation flowing through the running water channel is heated by solar heat to A plant is formed by increasing the water vapor density in the space below the lid and condensing the water vapor on the inner surface of the lid to form water droplets, guiding the water droplets from the inner surface of the lid to the outside and infiltrating into the soil. It is a drip irrigation device that replenishes the roots of
It is characterized by the configuration of (3).

(1) The upper part of the gutter body is curved to the outside to form a curl part of the gutter body, and both side edges of the lid part are curved inward to form the curl part of the lid part and a small hole for guiding condensed water. And elastically fitting the gutter body curl portion and the lid body curl portion. (2) At least both side edges of the gutter body are formed in a wavy shape, and the upper portions of both side edges of the gutter body and the above (3) At least both side edges of the lid body are formed in a wavy shape, and a condensed water guidance gap is provided between the upper portions of both side edges of the gutter body and the lid body. To become a

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, in the above structure, the side wall of the gutter body is expanded upward.

As another preferred embodiment of the present invention,
Forming ridges on the soil on both sides of the gutter, and by laying a mulching film on the ridge, forming ridges on the soil on both sides of the gutter, laying a cover soil block on the ridge,
The upper surface of the lid is covered with a light-transmitting film, and both edges of the light-transmitting film extend into the soil, and at least the inner surface of the gutter has a color capable of absorbing sunlight. That is.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is an impermeable trough having a running water channel 2 for irrigation, and at least a part of the trough 1 is buried in a soil 3. Reference numeral 4 denotes a translucent lid that covers the upper portion of the gutter body 1, and a space 5 is formed on the running water channel 2 by the gutter body 1 and the lid body 4.

As the material for the gutter body 1, any material having water impermeability and water resistance can be used. Generally, metal, concrete, pottery, ceramic,
Plastic or the like is used, and as the plastic, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, high density polyethylene, polypropylene or the like can be used. In addition, it is preferable that at least the inner surface of the gutter 1 is colored in a color having good absorption of sunlight, generally black.

On the other hand, the lid body 4 covers the top of the gutter body 1 and is made of a translucent material. As a material having a light-transmitting property, plastic is preferable, and it is manufactured from polyvinyl chloride, polyester, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, or the like.

On both side edges of the upper part of the gutter body 1, a gutter body curl portion 101 is formed by curving outward as shown in the drawing.
Lid curl portions 401 are formed on both side edges of the lower portion of the lid body 4 so as to be curved inward as illustrated. Lid curl part 4
At the lowermost end of 01, a small hole 402 for guiding a water drop or its collected water into the soil 3 is formed.

In this embodiment, the lid curl portion 401 of the lid 4 is used.
Is elastically fitted to the gutter body curl portion 101 of the gutter body 1.
It can be attached and detached freely by elastic fitting, and the lid 4 is prevented from being blown off by wind or the like after the attachment.

In order to prevent water from adhering to the inner surface 12 of the lid 4 in the form of water droplets and reducing the transmission of sunlight, the lid 4
It is preferable to impart antifogging property to the inner surface 12 of the above. The antifogging property can be imparted by adding a surfactant represented by a partial ester compound of a polyhydric alcohol (eg sorbitol, glycerin, pentaerythritol, etc.) to the plastic for molding a lid. . Further, a surfactant may be applied to the inner surface 12 of the lid 4, and in particular, it is desirable to coat a surface coating type non-drip agent containing an inorganic hydrophilic colloid substance and a hydrophilic organic compound as main components. Examples of inorganic hydrophilic colloid materials include:
Colloidal silica, colloidal alumina, colloidal
Fe (OH) ₂ , colloidal Sn (OH) ₄ , colloidal TiO ₂ , colloidal BaSO ₄ , colloidal lithium silicate and the like can be mentioned. Particularly preferred materials are colloidal silica and colloidal alumina. Examples of hydrophilic organic compounds include various surfactants (nonionic, anionic, cationic) and hydroxyl group-containing vinyl monomer components as main components, and acid group-containing vinyl monomer components at 0.1%.
Copolymers or partially or completely neutralized products thereof containing up to 40% by weight and sulfonic acid group-containing polyester resins can be mentioned.

When the trough body 1 and the lid body 4 are made of plastic, both can be formed by extrusion molding capable of molding a long object. This is a major feature of this embodiment. The small hole 402 that serves as the outlet for the condensed water can be formed by secondary processing. The gutter body 1 and the lid body 4 can be formed to have a length of 3 to 10 m and can be connected to each other at the time of construction on site to form a long shape.

Reference numeral 6 denotes a light-transmitting film coated on the upper surface of the lid body 4. By covering the light-transmitting film 6, water vapor flowing out from the space 5 when the connection processing of the lid body 4 is insufficient. Can be supplemented. Further, by extending both edges of the translucent film 6 into the soil, the captured water vapor can be cooled to form water droplets, and then the water droplets can be guided into the soil 3.

In the present embodiment, it is preferable that the side wall 102 of the gutter 1 is expanded upward. This is because they can be stacked in a narrow space during transportation.

The shape of the gutter body 1 is not limited to that shown in the figure, and may be any shape having the flowing water channel 2 in the center, and may be, for example, a semicircular curved shape. In addition, a plurality of running water channels 2 may be formed, and raw water may flow in the same direction through the plurality of running channels,
You may flow in the opposite direction. The outer circumference of the gutter body 1 is preferably insulated, but since the soil 3 on the outer circumference of the gutter body 1 exhibits a heat insulating action, it is not necessary to install a special heat insulating member,
You can install it.

In this embodiment, the bottom width of the running water channel 2 is determined according to the required amount of irrigation water. The flow velocity of the raw water flowing through the running water channel 2 may be such that the required minimum amount of raw water is replenished from the viewpoint of sufficiently utilizing solar heat.

Reference numeral 8 is a mulching film stretched on the surface of the ridge 7 in order to prevent the surface soil of the ridge 7 from drying and to reduce the required amount of irrigation water.

Reference numeral 9 is a covering block made of a heavy material such as concrete or brick. When placed on the mulching film 8 as shown on the right side of FIG. 1, it serves to prevent the mulching film 8 from being blown off in a strong wind. Further, as shown on the left side of FIG. 1, even when it is directly placed on the ridges 7, the same anti-drying effect as the mulching film is exhibited. As the soil covering block 9, the soil covering block described in the specification and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 7-158579 can be used.

In order to construct the drip irrigation system, the end portions of the plurality of gutters 1 and 1 are closely connected to each other to form a long gutter, and as shown in FIG. It is buried along the ridge 7 and the lid 4 is put on the upper part thereof.

In order to tightly connect the ends of the gutters 1 and 1 to each other, the ends of the gutters 1 and 1 are butted to each other and fused or bonded with the same kind of resin or another hot melt agent. However, it is also possible to connect the ends by using a tape to prevent water leakage.

When raw water (for example, irrigation water) is passed from one end of the running channel 2 of the gutter 1 of the drip irrigation apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the irrigation water is warmed by the sunlight 10 to be irradiated. A space 5 is formed in the running water channel 2 by the trough body 1 and the lid body 4, and since the space 5 has a greenhouse shape as a result, the temperature becomes high and the vapor partial pressure becomes high due to the vaporized water vapor. Since the lid 4 is in contact with the outside air, the running water channel 2
The temperature is lower than that of the upper greenhouse-like space 5. Therefore, when the water vapor in the greenhouse-shaped space 5 comes into contact with the inner surface 12 of the lid 4, the water vapor condenses to form water droplets 11, 11. The formed water droplets 11, 11 flow along the inner surface 12 of the lid body 4 and flow downward (in the direction of both side edges of the lid body 4), and the edge upper end portion 103 of the gutter body curl portion 101 of the gutter body 1 and the lid body 4. Through the gap 104 formed between the inner surfaces 12 of the inside of the lid, into the liquid pool portion 403 in the curl portion 401 of the lid, and from the small hole 402 to the soil 3
It is discharged inside and is induced by ridges 7 by capillarity to irrigate the root area of plant 13. The irrigation water that remains in the running water channel 2 and has a large amount of salt is discharged from the other end of the running water channel 2. Small hole
Since the water passing through 402 is distilled water, it does not cause clogging of small holes as in the conventional case, and can be used as raw water for irrigation containing salt.

Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this, and the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is also preferable.
That is, the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is different from the embodiment shown in FIG.
This is an example in which the shape of the gutter body curl portion 101 and the shape of the lid body curl portion 401 of the lid body 4 are different from each other, and it is possible to fit even with this configuration. In FIG. 2, parts designated by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 are the same members, and therefore their explanations are omitted.

The side edges of the gutter body 1 and the side edges of the lid body 4 can adopt the modes shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
That is, the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are examples in which both side edges of the lid body 4 are formed in a wavy shape, and a gap 104 is provided between the upper portions 105 of both side edges of the gutter body 1 and the inner surface of the lid body 4. 3 and 4, reference numeral 106 denotes a water drop guide portion formed at a position slightly lower than the upper portions 105 on both side edges of the gutter body 1. The water drop guide portion 106 also has a function of supporting the lower end of the lid 4.

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is an example in which both side edges of the lid body 4 are formed in a wavy shape. However, as shown in FIG. 5, both side edges of the gutter body 1 may be formed in a wavy shape. In the above embodiment, both side edges of the gutter body 1 and the lid body 4 are formed in a wavy shape, but the gutter body 1 and the lid body 4 may be entirely formed in a wavy shape (bellows shape). The advantage of making the whole bellows is that the condensed water drops always flow down in the circumferential direction.

In the above embodiment, the lid 4 and the transparent film 6 on the lid 4 are formed as separate members.
It is also possible to integrally form the lid body 4 by forming the same material as the translucent film 6.

[0031]

As described above, according to the present invention, the use efficiency of water is high, irrigation is possible with a small amount of water, and even water having a large amount of dissolved salt can be used as irrigation.
Moreover, it is possible to provide a drip irrigation device that can be formed at low cost by extrusion molding and that is suitable for an actual device.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing another example of the fitting example of the gutter body and the lid body.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an essential part showing an example of a gap forming means.

4 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an essential part showing another example of the gap forming means.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Trough 101: Curl part 102: Side wall 103: Edge top part 104: Gap 105: Upper part 106: Water drop guide part 2: Flow channel 3: Soil 4: Lid 401: Curl part 402: Small hole 403: Liquid Reservoir 5: Space 6: Translucent film 7: Ridge 8: Mulching film 9: Soil block 10: Sunlight 11: Water drop 12: Inner surface 13: Plant

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. An at least part of a water-impermeable trough having a flow channel for raw water for irrigation is buried in soil, and an upper part of the trough is covered with a translucent lid to flow through the flow channel. The irrigation raw water is heated by solar heat to increase the water vapor density in the space below the lid, and the water vapor is condensed on the inner surface of the lid to form water droplets, and the water droplets are discharged from the inner surface of the lid to the outside. A drip irrigation device that induces water to permeate into the soil and replenishes the roots of plants with water, wherein the upper part of the gutter is curved outward to form a curl part of the gutter, and both edges of the lid are A drip irrigation device characterized in that the curl portion is curved in one direction to form a lid curl portion, a small hole for guiding condensed water is provided, and the trough curl portion and the lid curl portion are elastically fitted to each other. . 2. An at least part of a water-impermeable trough having a flow channel for raw water for irrigation is buried in soil, and an upper part of the trough is covered with a translucent lid to flow through the flow channel. The irrigation raw water is heated by solar heat to increase the water vapor density in the space below the lid, and the water vapor is condensed on the inner surface of the lid to form water droplets, and the water droplets are discharged from the inner surface of the lid to the outside. A drip irrigation device for inducing water to permeate into soil to replenish water to the root of a plant, wherein at least both side edges of the gutter body are formed in a wavy shape, and upper portions of both side edges of the gutter body and the lid body. A drip irrigation device, characterized in that a condensed water guide gap is provided therebetween. 3. An at least part of a water-impermeable trough having a running channel for raw water for irrigation is buried in soil, the upper part of the trough is covered with a translucent lid, and the trough flows. The irrigation raw water is heated by solar heat to increase the water vapor density in the space below the lid, and the water vapor is condensed on the inner surface of the lid to form water droplets, and the water droplets are discharged from the inner surface of the lid to the outside. Is a drip irrigation device for inducing water to permeate into soil to replenish water to the root of a plant, wherein at least both side edges of the lid body are formed in a wavy shape, and upper portions of both side edges of the gutter body and the lid body A drip irrigation device, characterized in that a condensed water guide gap is provided therebetween. 4. The drip irrigation system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a side wall of the gutter body is widened upward. 5. The drip irrigation system according to claim 1, wherein ridges are formed on the soil on both sides of the trough, and a mulching film is stretched on the ridges. 6. The drip irrigation system according to claim 1, wherein a ridge is formed on the soil on both sides of the trough, and a cover soil block is laid on the ridge. 7. The cover is coated with a light-transmitting film on its upper surface, and both edges of the light-transmitting film extend into the soil. Or the drip irrigation device according to 6. 8. A gutter body having at least an inner surface thereof having a color capable of absorbing sunlight,
The drip irrigation device according to 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.