JPH09272468A - Vehicle coupling structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vehicle coupling device which can reduce in turning radius, whether the vehicle is loaded or not. SOLUTION: In a vehicle coupling device 10 for coupling a tractor A incorporating a coupler 22 having a center coupler jaw in its center and a V-like guide surface 23a directed toward the coupler jaw and opening rearward, with a trailer B having wheels in its rear part, a king pin 12 adapted to be engaged with the coupler jaw, and a rotation checking member 13 adapted to mate with the V-like guide surface 23a are provided in the front part of a body frame 11, and an intermediate coupling part 11b adapted to be pinned to the trailer side coupling part 16 provided in the front part of the trailer B, so as to be rotatably only in a horizontal direction, is integrally incorporated with the rear part of the body frame 11.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vehicle connecting device for connecting a tractor and a trailer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a trailer is connected to a tractor to carry a large amount of luggage. As shown in FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b), the conventional tractor and trailer coupling mechanism is as follows.
Trailer B to coupler 22 of chassis 21 of tractor A
The lower kingpin 12 is connected, which makes it possible to satisfy the wheel base (L1) when loading luggage and the turning radius when turning at right angles.

[0003]

However, in the conventional coupling mechanism for the tractor A and the trailer B, about 400 to 1000 from the rear axle 40b at the rearmost side of the tractor A.
Since the kingpin 12 of the trailer B is connected to the front by about mm, when the vehicle turns, the rear axles 40a, 4a of the tractor A are
0b to trailer B axles (or wheels) 36a,
36b makes a small turn. Therefore, when turning, it is necessary to make a large turn in consideration of the difference between the inner wheels of the front wheels 41 (or the rear axles 40a, 40b) of the tractor A and the axles 36a, 36b of the trailer B. Further, there is a problem that the driver cannot drive unless the road is wide. Therefore, Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-59140 proposes a kingpin moving device that reduces the turning radius by shortening the wheelbase when the vehicle is empty. There is a problem that cannot be reduced. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle connecting device capable of reducing the turning radius when the vehicle is empty and loaded.

[0004]

According to the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor device comprising:
The vehicle connecting device described is a vehicle connecting device for connecting a trailer having wheels at the rear to a tractor having a coupler jaw in the center and a V-shaped guide surface directed toward the coupler jaw and opening rearward. In the front part of the main body frame, there is a king pin that engages with the coupler jaws, and a detent member that conforms to the V-shaped guide surface, and in the rear part of the main body frame, there is a front part of the trailer. The trailer-side connecting portion is integrally provided with an intermediate connecting portion that is pivotally connected only in the horizontal direction. Claim 2
The vehicle coupling device according to claim 1 is the vehicle coupling device according to claim 1, wherein the trailer-side coupling portion and the intermediate coupling portion each include an upper bearing portion and a lower bearing portion, and the upper bearing portion of the intermediate coupling portion includes: , A thrust bearing on which the upper bearing portion of the trailer-side connecting portion is placed.

[0005]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, referring to the attached drawings, an embodiment in which the present invention is embodied will be described to provide an understanding of the present invention. Here, FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (c) are explanatory views of a tractor and a trailer to which a vehicle connecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied, and FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) show the same vehicle connecting device. FIG. 1 (a) to 1 (c) and FIG.
As shown in (a) and (b), a vehicle connecting device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention connects a tractor A and a trailer B. Tractor A and trailer B during turning
To reduce the turning radius of.

The vehicle connecting device 10 includes a body frame 1
1 attached to the lower surface of the front part of the chassis of tractor A 2
The king pin holding portion 28 (see FIG. 3) of the coupler 22 to be described later, which is provided in FIG. 1, and the king pin 12 of the main body frame 11 are located behind the king pin 12 and are aligned with the V-shaped guide surface 23a of the coupler 22. And the intermediate connecting portion 11b which is provided on the rear portion of the main body frame 11 and is pin-connected to the trailer-side connecting portion 16 provided on the front portion of the trailer B. Have and.

The main body frame 11 is provided with a plate-like member 11a having a rounded chamfered front end, and an upper bearing part 14 and a lower bearing part 15 which are connected to the rear part of the plate-like member 11a and which are vertically bifurcated. And an intermediate connecting portion 11b. A coupler 22 of the tractor A is provided on the lower central front surface of the plate-shaped member 11a.
The kingpin 12 held by the kingpin holding portion 28 is provided so as to project, so that the traction force of the tractor A can be received. Further, a V-shaped guide surface 23a of the coupler 22 is provided behind the kingpin 12 of the plate-shaped member 11a.
A triangular prism-shaped detent member 13 is provided so as to project. This prevents the vehicle connecting device 10 from rotating to the left and right.

A thrust bearing 26 is mounted in the shaft hole 14a of the upper bearing portion 14 of the intermediate connecting portion 11b, so that the load applied to the pin 20 can be supported. Therefore, the weight of the trailer B is increased and the trailer-side connecting portion 1 and the intermediate connecting portion 11b are pin-connected.
Even if the vertical load applied to 6 increases, it can be prevented from bending. The bush 19 is provided in the shaft hole 15a of the lower bearing portion 15.
However, the thrust bearing 26 may be mounted on the lower bearing portion 15 as described above. In addition, the intermediate connecting portion 11
b is connected in a state where the upper bearing portion 14 and the lower bearing portion 15 are projected rearward from the rear end portion of the plate-shaped material 11a, whereby the rear end surface of the plate-shaped material 11a is left and right of the trailer B. It also serves as a stopper for turning in the direction.

The trailer side connecting portion 16 has an upper bearing portion 17 and a lower bearing portion 18 which are bifurcated in the vertical direction like the intermediate connecting portion 11b, and the upper bearing portion 14 and the lower bearing portion of the intermediate connecting portion 11b. It has a structure in which the upper and lower parts are alternately abutted with each other. Then, the upper and lower bearing portions 17, 14, 18 of the trailer side connecting portion 16 and the intermediate connecting portion 11b, respectively.
The trailer B is pivotally coupled to the vehicle coupling device 10 attached to the tractor A by mounting the pin 20 through the shaft holes 17a, 14a, 18a, 15a of the shaft 15.

A bush 19 is attached to the shaft holes 17a and 18a of the lower bearing portions 17 and 18 above the trailer side coupling portion 16 as described above. A stopper 20a is attached to the tip of the pin 20 to prevent the pin 20 from coming off. Note that reference numerals 36a and 3a in FIGS.
6b is a wheel of the trailer B, 37 is a landing gear which is an auxiliary leg when the trailer B is parked alone, and 40 is a trailing gear.
a and 40b are rear wheels of the tractor A, reference numeral 41 is tractor A
It is the front wheel of.

Therefore, the conventional tractor A and trailer B
Then, since the turning center of the tractor A and the trailer B is located at the kingpin 12 position (a position about 400 to 1000 mm forward of the rearmost rear axle 40b of the tractor A).
When turning, an inner wheel difference occurred, and as a result, as shown in FIG. 5, a narrow turn was not possible and only a wide road could be driven. However, the vehicle coupling device 1 of the present invention
In the tractor A and the trailer B to which 0 is applied, the turning center of the tractor A and the trailer B is set to the rear position (the position of the pin 20) from the rearmost rear axle 40b of the tractor A. Since the pin 20 can be positioned in the direction opposite to the bending direction of the vehicle, the wheels 36a and 36b of the trailer B make a large turn, and as shown in FIG. 4, the inner ring difference can be made small and a small turn can be made. , It is easy to drive on narrow roads.

Further, in the conventional tractor A and trailer B having a large inner ring difference, when turning, the plurality of axles 36a and 36b of the trailer B are dragged laterally to damage the road surface, so that the axles 36a and 36b of the trailer B are damaged. Although some countries require the installation of corner steering devices,
The vehicle coupling device 10 of the present invention can solve this. Furthermore, in Japan, due to the revision of the law in November 1995, the maximum loading capacity is determined by the length of the farthest axle distance (L2) of tractor A and trailer B (see FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b)). Therefore, in the vehicle coupling device 10 of the present invention capable of increasing the farthest axial distance (L2), the maximum load capacity can be increased to carry a large amount of luggage. In addition,
The wheel base (L1) is the rear wheel 40 of the tractor A.
a, 40b is the center-to-center distance between the rear rear axle 40b of the a and 40b and the front axle 36a of the wheels 36a and 36b of the trailer B, and the farthest axle distance (L2) is the front wheel 41 of the tractor A.
And the rear axle 3 of the wheels 36a, 36b of the trailer B
6b is the center-to-center distance.

As shown in FIG. 3, the coupler 22 is a plate-like coupler base 23 for supporting the trailer B or the vehicle connecting device 10 as in the conventional tractor B.
And a king pin 12 which is provided at the lower part of the coupler base 23 and is guided to the engagement portion 23b on the depth side through a V-shaped guide surface 23a which is opened rearward of the coupler base 23.
A pair of coupler jaws 24 for holding the plunger, and a plunger engaging portion 29 constituted by the pair of coupler jaws 24.
A lock plunger 25 that is detachably attached to the lock jaw 25 and that prevents the king pin 12 held by the coupler jaw 24 from coming off. Hereinafter, this will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

A V-shaped guide surface 23a is formed on the coupler base 23, and the kingpin 1 is formed in the back of the V-shaped guide surface 23a.
A U-shaped engaging portion 23b for receiving 2 is formed. The coupler jaws 24 are jaw pins 2 respectively.
The jaw pin 27 is rotatably supported by
By rotating in a direction in which the rear side of the coupler jaw 24 abuts, the king pin holding portion 28 for holding the king pin 12 is formed by the recesses 24a formed in the rear facing portion of the coupler jaw 24. It is like this. At the same time, on the front side of the coupler jaw 24, the stepped portions 24b formed on the front side facing portion of the coupler jaw 24 constitute a plunger engaging portion 29. Joint part 29
When the lock plunger 25 is fitted to the king pin 12, the king pin 12 clamped as described above becomes
It is possible to keep the above state by preventing it from coming off.

The lock plunger 25 is constantly urged rearward by the plunger spring 30, and when the coupler jaw 24 is in the above state (the state in which the kingpin 12 is held), the plunger engaging portion 29 is immediately released.
To be fitted. When the tractor A is separated from the trailer B, the lock plunger 2 is attached to the plunger engaging portion 29 of the coupler jaw 24 which has become free.
The lock plunger 25, which is disengaged from the coupler jaw 24, is stopped by a latch 31 so that the 5 does not fit. In addition, in FIG. 3A and FIG.
Reference numeral 2 is a lock operating lever for manually moving the lock plunger 25 forward and backward, reference numeral 33 is a wire which is a stopper of the lock operating lever 32, reference numeral 34 is a jaw return spring which applies a counterclockwise biasing force to the latch 31, and reference numeral 35 is a latch. A latch pin serving as a pivot shaft of 31, a reference numeral 38 is a plunger pin serving as a pivot shaft of the lock plunger 25, and a reference numeral 39 is a lock pin serving as a pivot shaft of the lock operation lever 32.

When the vehicle connecting device 10 for the tractor A and the trailer B configured as described above is applied to disconnect the connected tractor A and trailer B, first, the wire 33 is pulled by hand to lock. Operating lever 3
After making 2 free, the lock operation lever 32 is rotated clockwise. Along with this, the lock plunger 25 slides forward, disengages from the plunger engaging portion 29 of the coupler jaw 24, the coupler jaw 24 becomes free, and the notch 31 a at the tip of the latch 31 becomes a flange of the lock plunger 25. The lock operation lever 32 cannot be returned because it is caught by the portion 25a (not shown).

In this state, the tractor A is moved forward to completely disconnect the kingpin 12 from the coupler 22. The king pin 12 opens the coupler jaw 24 left and right, and at this time, the coupler jaw 24 rotates the rear end of the latch 31 in the clockwise direction, and the lock operation lever 32 is released.
As shown in (b), the lock plunger 25 remains until the end face of the coupler jaw 24 is reached.
The coupler jaws 24 are pushed back to 0, and the coupler jaws 24 are in a state where their rear portions are opened.

When connecting the tractor A and the trailer B, since the rear portion of the coupler jaw 24 is opened in the state where the tractor A and the trailer B are separated as described above, the tractor A is retracted as it is and the vehicle is connected. The kingpin 12 of the device 10 is completely inserted into the coupler 22. The coupler pin 24 is pushed forward by the king pin 12 to rotate around the jaw pin 27 and close. At this time, the lock plunger 25 is released and fitted into the plunger engagement portion 29 as it is, and the lock operation lever 32 cannot return.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described above.
The present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and all changes in conditions without departing from the gist are within the scope of the present invention. Although the low floor trailer is used in the present embodiment, a flat floor trailer or the like may be used. It may also be a trailer without a gooseneck. In addition, the detent member is fitted to the V-shaped guide surface of the coupler,
If it is possible to prevent the vehicle coupling device of the present invention from swinging left and right, various things are applicable without being specified. Further, the vehicle connecting device of the present invention may be attached to the trailer only when it is used, or may be always attached to the trailer. The "trailer connecting mechanism" described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 2-47100 previously filed by the applicant of the present application can also be applied to the coupler.

[0020]

As is apparent from the above description, claim 1
In the vehicle connecting device described in (2) and (2), the turning center of the tractor and the trailer to which the vehicle connecting device is applied can be located rearward of the rear wheel of the tractor. The inner ring difference can be reduced. Therefore, when turning, a small turn is heard,
It is easy to drive on narrow roads, and it is very safe because it is difficult for pedestrians and motorcycles to be involved when turning left. Further, if the tractor and the trailer are the same, the farthest axial distance of the tractor and the trailer can be increased, so that the maximum load weight can be increased and a large amount of luggage can be carried. Particularly, in the vehicle connecting device according to the second aspect of the present invention, since each connecting portion is composed of an upper bearing portion and a lower bearing portion which are bifurcated in the vertical direction, and the intermediate connecting portion is provided with the thrust bearing, the load applied to the pin Can be distributed to the upper and lower bearing portions of the intermediate connecting portion and the trailer side connecting portion, and bending and the like can be prevented.

[Brief description of drawings]

1A to 1C are explanatory views of a tractor and a trailer to which a vehicle coupling device according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B are explanatory views of the vehicle connecting device.

3A and 3B are explanatory views of a coupler of the vehicle connecting device.

FIG. 4 is a right angle turning locus diagram of a tractor and a trailer to which the vehicle connecting device is applied.

FIG. 5 is a right-angle turning trajectory diagram of a conventional tractor and trailer.

6A and 6B are explanatory views of the farthest axial distance and the maximum load weight.

7A and 7B are explanatory views of a conventional tractor-trailer coupling mechanism.

[Explanation of symbols]

A tractor B Trailer L1 Wheelbase L2 Farthest axle distance 10 Vehicle coupling device 11 Main body frame 11a Plate-like material 11b Intermediate coupling part 12 King pin 13 Anti-rotation member 14 Upper bearing part 14a Shaft hole 15 Lower bearing part 15a Shaft hole 16 Trailer side Connecting part 17 Upper bearing part 17a Shaft hole 18 Lower bearing part 18a Shaft hole 19 Bush 20 Pin 20a Stopper 21 Chassis 22 Coupler 23 Coupler base 23a V-shaped guide surface 23b Engagement part 24 Coupler jaw 24a Recess 24b Step part 25 Lock plunger 25a Collar 26 Thrust Bearing 27 Jaw Pin 28 King Pin Clamping Part (Clamping Part) 29 Plunger Engaging Part 30 Plunger Spring 31 Latch 31a Notch 32 Lock Operating Lever 33 Wire 34 Jaw Return Spring 35 Latch Pin 36a Wheel (Front Axle) 36b Wheel (Rear Axle) 37 Auxiliary Leg (Landing Gear) 38 Plunger Pin 39 Lock Pin 40a Rear Wheel (Front Rear Axle) 40b Rear Wheel (Rear Rear Axle) 41 Front Wheel (Front Axle) )

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A vehicle coupling device for coupling a trailer having wheels at the rear to a tractor having a coupler having a coupler jaw at the center and a V-shaped guide surface directed toward the coupler jaw and opening rearward. The front portion of the main body frame has a king pin that engages with the coupler jaws, and a detent member that matches the V-shaped guide surface. The rear portion of the main body frame is provided at the front portion of the trailer. A vehicle connecting device characterized in that the trailer side connecting portion integrally has an intermediate connecting portion that is pin-connected so as to be rotatable only in a horizontal direction. 2. The trailer-side connecting portion and the intermediate connecting portion each include an upper bearing portion and a lower bearing portion, and the upper bearing portion of the intermediate connecting portion mounts the upper bearing portion of the trailer-side connecting portion. The vehicle coupling device according to claim 1, further comprising a thrust bearing that is installed.