JPS6329641B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improvement in a trailer coupling mechanism for a full trailer, double trailer, or the like.

Conventionally, for example, in the case of a full trailer, a tractor and a trailer are connected via a single-shaft dolly. That is, Figures 4 and 5
The coupler 5 is attached to the underside of the trailer 50 as shown in the figure.
1, a dolly 52 is attached to the trailer 50 so as to be able to rotate at a required angle, and a drawbar 53 is pivotally connected to the dolly 52 via a drawbar pin 54.
Furthermore, the trailer 50 is connected to the tractor 55 by engaging the lune eye 57 at the tip of the drawbar 53 with a pintle hook 56 provided at the rear of the tractor 55.

However, with the above-described connection using the dolly 52, a folding phenomenon generally referred to as a "jack knife phenomenon" may occur during high-speed turning or backward operation, as shown in FIG. In order to deal with this, in conventional systems, the turntable, or coupler, of the dolly is fixed with a horizontally set brake drum, so that the coupler does not move when the driver's seat depresses the brake pedal.
However, this requires a compressed air circuit from the brake pedal to the brake drum, which not only complicates the structure, but also requires frequent depressing of the brake pedal to avoid the jerk knife phenomenon, which makes driving difficult. The disadvantage is that it is complicated. In particular, when driving in reverse, double trailers and the like have many bending points, making them difficult to operate and causing problems in terms of maneuverability of the trailer truck.

The present invention aims to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of conventional trailer-equipped vehicles, and eliminates the jack-knife phenomenon by providing a steering rod that forms a four-bar parallel link mechanism between the tractor and trailer that constitute the towing vehicle. It is an object of the present invention to provide a trailer coupling mechanism that can completely eliminate this problem and improve driveability and maneuverability.

The present invention connects a tow vehicle and a dolly, which has wheels and is rotatably connected to the chassis of a trailer by a coupler, by two steering rods forming a four-bar parallel link mechanism. This invention relates to a trailer coupling mechanism characterized in that the chassis of the trailer and the trailer are coupled by a chassis coupling rod so that the trailer can swing relative to the axis in the advancing and retreating direction of the towing vehicle.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

1 and 2 are a plan view and a side view showing a state in which a trailer 2 is connected to a truck 1 forming a front double-type towing vehicle using the trailer connection mechanism according to the present invention. A dolly 4 is provided on the lower surface of the chassis 3 of the trailer 2, and a coupler 5 that is rotatable at a constant rotation angle is attached to the dolly 4 to connect the chassis 3. Further, the dolly 4 is rotatably provided with a uniaxial wheel 6.

7 is a steering rod disposed between the dolly 4 and the pin 8 provided at the rear of the truck 1;
As shown in FIG. 1, two are provided at a required parallel interval, and are also pivotally connected to the dolly 4 with a pin 9 to form a four-bar parallel link mechanism. It is possible to move in parallel relative to.

Reference numeral 10 designates a chassis connecting rod which is formed in a triangular shape and has a lunette eye 12 attached at its apex to fit into the pintle hook 11 of the truck 1.
3, it is pivotally connected to the chassis 3. Therefore, the chassis 3 can swing within a required range of angles around the pivot point between the lune eye 12 and the pintle hook 11. Also, this chassis connection rod 1
The zero can also be of a telescoping configuration so that the movement of the trailer relative to the truck is unrestricted.

Incidentally, the chassis connecting rod 10 is usually integrally connected to the trailer 2 side by a pin 13, and is connected to the truck 1 by the engagement of the lune eye 12 and the pintle hook 11, and also allows the steering rod 7 to be attached to and removed from the truck. Similarly, track 1
This can be done with the pin 8 on the side.

In the trailer coupling mechanism configured as described above, the trailer 2 main body is independently coupled to the truck 1 by the chassis coupling rod 10 which is coupled to the chassis 3, and the dolly 4 having wheels 6 is independently coupled to the truck 1 by the steering rod 7. Since the dolly 7 forms a four-bar parallel link mechanism consisting of two rods parallel to each other, the direction of the dolly 4, that is, the direction of rotation of the wheels 6 can be made substantially equal to the direction of rotation of the rear wheel WR of the truck 1.

That is, FIG. 3 shows a state in which the truck 1 is moving backward by turning the steering wheel (not shown) to the left, and the steering rod 7 is tilted in the turning direction from the axis of the truck 1 and is arranged in a straight line. The relative positions of the truck 1 and trailer 2 are as shown in the figure. In this case, since the dolly 4 is connected by two steering rods 7 forming a four-bar parallel link mechanism, the axles 6a of the wheels 6 provided on the dolly 4 are kept parallel to the rear end of the truck 1. Only the dolly 4 rotates with respect to the chassis 3 of the trailer 2. Further, the direction of rotation of this wheel 6 is approximately equal to the rear wheel WR of the truck 1 for the above-mentioned reason.

Therefore, when reversing, the wheels 6 are the front wheels of the truck 1.
The axle 6a rotates and tilts with respect to the trailer's 2nd axis to match the turning direction of the WF, and the axle 6a does not rotate in the opposite direction to the turning direction when reversing, causing the jack knife phenomenon. It is possible to perform a backward movement without any movement.

That is, the two steering rods 7 allow the wheels 6, which make the direction of movement of the trailer 2 variable, to always follow the turning direction of the truck 1 via the dolly 4, regardless of whether the trailer is moving forward or backward. So,
This can prevent the jackknife phenomenon.

As described above, according to the present invention, the jack knife phenomenon can be prevented with a simple structure in which the dolly on the towing vehicle side and the towed vehicle side are connected by two steering rods spaced apart from each other in parallel. In particular, this has the effect of making it easier to drive backwards and improving the maneuverability of the vehicle.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a state in which a truck and a trailer are connected by the trailer connection mechanism according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of the same, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a conventional trailer coupling mechanism, FIG. 5 is a side view of the same, and FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing the jack knife phenomenon. 1...Truck (towing vehicle), 2...Trailer,
3...Shashi, 4...Dolly, 5...Coupler,
6...wheels, 7...steering rods, 10...
...Shade connection rod.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The tow vehicle and a dolly, which has wheels and is rotatably connected to the chassis of the trailer by a coupler, are connected by two steering rods forming a four-bar parallel link mechanism, and the tow vehicle and trailer A trailer coupling mechanism characterized in that a chassis is coupled by a chassis coupling rod so that the trailer can swing relative to an axis in the advancing and retreating direction of a towing vehicle.