JPH09262720A - Electro-chemical processing method and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform the electro-chemical processing with a high excellent accuracy according to the melting condition of burrs of a work by detecting the machining condition of the work. SOLUTION: The pules current from a pulse power source is applied between a work and an electrode alternately as the pulse current P1 for machining and the pulse current P2 for measurement. The melting condition of flasks can be detected by measuring the current value when the pulse current P2 for measurement is applied. The current value to obtain the intended edge shape of a work W is set as the threshold, and the threshold is compared with the current value of the pulse current P2 for measurement, and when the difference between the current value of the pulse current P2 for measurement and the threshold is large, the time of application of the pulse current P1 for processing is increased, and when the difference is small, the time of application of the pulse current P1 for processing is reduced, and the electro-chemical processing is performed until the difference from the threshold becomes zero.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrolytic machining method and apparatus for removing burrs formed on a work by electrolytic machining.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional electrolytic processing method or apparatus, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-5736, an electrolytic solution is circulated between a processed surface of a workpiece and an opposing electrode portion. It is known that a pulse current is applied to an electrode to remove a burr of a work that is generated when a cutting process or the like is performed. In the electrolytic processing method and apparatus described in the above publication, a brush made of an insulating material is provided in the electrode portion, and the brush is rotated so that the electrolytic solution is evenly distributed on the processed surface of the work without causing stagnation. Then, by applying a pulse current,
Deburring is selectively performed.

In such an electrolytic processing method or apparatus,
Since it is non-contact processing, it is difficult to understand the processing status of the workpiece.For example, when performing deburring processing, generally assume the maximum burr that does not occur in a uniform size. , The electrolytic processing is set to completely dissolve this maximum burr. Moreover, the width (time) of the pulse current is set to be constant, and electrolytic processing is performed.

As another conventional electrolytic processing method or apparatus, as disclosed in JP-B-51-27610, a vibrating sound detector is provided in a circulating electrolyte solution and the detector is used. It is known that the completion of processing is determined by the detection sound of.

[0005]

However, among the above-mentioned conventional techniques disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-5736, the electrolytic conditions such as the size of burrs, the temperature and concentration of the electrolytic solution, and the like. The finishing efficiency of deburring is greatly affected by the change in processing efficiency due to the change in the machining efficiency, and since the electrolytic processing is performed without detecting the melting state of the deburring, sufficient deburring accuracy cannot be guaranteed. There was a problem.

Further, in the above-described conventional general electrolytic processing in which a pulse current is applied, a constant pulse width (time)
There is also a problem that it takes a long processing time because a constant pulse current is repeatedly applied when the burr is large, because the electrolytic processing is performed at.

Furthermore, among the above-mentioned conventional techniques, the one disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-27610 includes:
Since it is necessary to provide a vibration noise detector in the circulating electrolytic solution and, in addition, the vibration noise of the circulating electrolytic solution is detected, there is a problem in that it is easily affected by noise.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electrolytic machining method and an apparatus therefor capable of performing highly accurate electrolytic machining according to the state of a workpiece.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrolytic machining method and apparatus capable of shortening the machining time by setting the electrolytic machining conditions according to the state of the workpiece to be machined.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an electrolytic processing method and apparatus capable of surely detecting the state of a work with a simple structure in order to improve the processing accuracy.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to the electrolytic machining method of claim 1 is an electrolytic machining method for machining a workpiece by applying a potential difference between the workpiece and the tool. The present invention is characterized in that the state of the work is detected based on the current or voltage value between and to process the work.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to the electrolytic machining method of claim 2 detects the state of the workpiece in the electrolytic machining method for machining the workpiece by applying a potential difference between the workpiece and the tool by the pulse current. It is characterized in that a measuring pulse current is applied and a workpiece machining pulse current is applied.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention relating to the electrolytic machining method of claim 3 detects a potential between a work and a tool, and compares the potential with a set reference potential, thereby Is detected and the work is processed.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention relating to the electrolytic machining method according to claim 4 is such that in the electrolytic machining method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the time to be applied is variable according to the state of the work. It is characterized by having done.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention relating to the electrolytic machining apparatus of claim 5 is an electrolytic machining apparatus for machining a workpiece by applying a potential difference between the workpiece and the tool. The state of the work is detected based on the voltage value and the potential difference applied between the work and the tool is controlled.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention according to the sixth aspect of the electrolytic processing apparatus detects the state of the work in the electrolytic processing apparatus for machining the work by giving a potential difference between the work and the tool by the pulse current. Pulse current for measurement,
It is characterized in that a pulse current for work machining is applied.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention relating to the electrolytic processing apparatus of claim 7 sets a reference potential when a desired shape is processed, detects the potential between a work and a tool, and It is characterized in that the state of the work is detected by comparing the detected potential with the set reference potential to control the machining of the work.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention relating to the electrolytic processing apparatus of claim 8 can control the application time according to the state of the workpiece in the electrolytic processing apparatus of any one of claims 5 to 7. It is characterized by that.

According to the first aspect of the invention, detection is performed based on the current or voltage value between the work and the tool, and the work is machined in accordance with the detected state of the work.

In the invention according to claim 2, the state of the work is detected by applying the measuring pulse current, and the working pulse current is applied according to the detected state of the work to process the work. To do.

In the invention according to claim 3, the electric potential between the work and the tool is detected, the state of the work is detected by the difference between the electric potential and the set reference electric potential, and the detected state of the work is detected. A machining pulse current is applied to machine the workpiece.

In the invention according to claim 4, claims 1 to 3
In the invention described in any one of 1, the application time required for machining is changed according to the detected state of the work.

In the invention according to claim 5, the state of the work is detected based on the current or voltage value between the work and the tool, and the potential difference applied between the work and the tool is detected according to the detected state of the work. Is controlled.

In the invention according to claim 6, the state of the work is detected by applying the measurement pulse current, and the work is processed by applying the processing pulse current according to the detected state of the work. Is done.

In the invention according to claim 7, the reference potential when the work is machined into a desired shape is set, the potential between the work and the tool is detected, and the detected potential and the set reference are set. The state of the workpiece is detected by comparing it with the electric potential, and the machining is controlled according to the detected state of the workpiece.

In the invention according to claim 8, claims 5 to 7 are provided.
In any one of the inventions described above, the application time required for machining is changed according to the detected state of the work.

[0027]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, an embodiment of an electrolytic processing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 in the case of an electrolytic deburring apparatus for removing burrs formed on a workpiece by electrolytic processing. Explain. In the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same or corresponding parts.

The electrolytic deburring apparatus in this embodiment generally has an electrode 1 arranged so as to face the burr Wa of a work W, and a pulse power supply 2 for applying a pulse current to the work W and the electrode 1. Then, in the electrolytic deburring device that allows the electrolytic solution 3 to flow between the work W and the electrode 1, the pulse current from the pulse power source 2 is different from the working pulse current P1 that melts the burr Wa of the work W and the working state. A pulse current control means for controlling to apply the measuring pulse current P2 for detection is provided.

Further, in the electrolytic deburring apparatus according to this embodiment, the pulse current control means adjusts the application time of the machining pulse current according to the measurement result of the measurement pulse current. Then, in this embodiment, the measurement pulse current P2 is monitored, and the value of the measurement pulse current P2 is compared with the set threshold value,
The application time of the processing pulse current P1 is adjusted according to the difference between the two current values.

As shown in FIG. 1, at the corner of the work W,
Burrs Wa are generated by cutting or shearing. The work W is a positioning means such as a clamp (not shown)
The tool 1 having a conductive property as an electrode is arranged so as to face the burr Wa of the work W and have a predetermined gap. In the pulse power supply 2, the anode is connected to the work W,
The cathode is connected to the tool 1. The electrolyte 3 is circulated in the gap between the work W and the tool 1. In addition, tool 1
Can be connected to the ground instead of being connected to the cathode of the pulse power supply 2.

When a potential difference is applied by the machining pulse current P1 in a state where the electrolytic solution 3 is passed between the work W and the tool 1, the burr Wa of the work W to which the anode is connected is cationized and electrolyzed. Dissolve in liquid 3. Work W Bali W
When a becomes smaller due to melting, the distance of the gap between the work W and the tool 1 increases. At this time, when the current value of the machining pulse current P1 is measured, as shown in FIG. 2, the distance between the burr Wa and the tool 1 increases, so that the electrical resistance increases and the current value of the machining pulse current P1 increases. Will gradually decrease.

Next, one embodiment of the electrolytic processing method according to the present invention will be described using the above-mentioned electrolytic deburring apparatus. Electrolytic machining method according to the present invention, in general, in the electrolytic deburring method using a pulse current, in order to detect the machining pulse current for applying a potential difference between the workpiece and the electrode to melt the burr, and the machining state of the workpiece And the measurement pulse current of are alternately applied.

Further, the electrolytic machining method according to the present invention adjusts the application time of the machining pulse current according to the measurement result by the measurement pulse current.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the case of this embodiment, the pulse current from the pulse power source 2 is alternated between the machining pulse current P1 and the measuring pulse current P2 by the control means (not shown). A predetermined voltage is applied between the work W and the tool 1. By measuring the current value when the measurement pulse current P2 is applied for a certain period of time, the burr Wa
The dissolution status of is detected. A current value for obtaining the target edge shape of the work W is set and stored as a threshold value in the control means, and the threshold value and the current value of the measurement pulse current P2 are compared and monitored. The machining pulse current P1 and the measurement pulse current P2 are alternately applied until the current value of the measurement pulse current P2 reaches the threshold value.

The amount of burr Wa generated on the work W is determined by the product of the current and the time according to Faraday's electrolysis law. Therefore, the pulse current applied between the work W and the tool 1 of the machining pulse current P1. The width (time) of is adjusted by the difference between the set threshold value and the current value of the measurement pulse current P2, as shown in FIG. The adjustment of the pulse width of the processing pulse current P1 is performed by measuring the current value when the measurement pulse current P2 is applied as shown in FIG.
1) When the measured current value is compared with a set threshold value (S2), and the value until the current value of the measurement pulse current P2 reaches the threshold value (the difference between the two current values) is large. To increase the application time of the processing pulse current P1 (S3), and when the difference is small, reduce the application time of the processing pulse current P1 (S4) until the difference from the threshold becomes zero. Perform electrolytic processing. When there is no difference between the two current values (S5), the machining pulse current P1 and the measuring pulse current P2
Is stopped and the machining is finished.

The desired edge shape of the work W varies depending on the electrolytic conditions such as the temperature and concentration of the electrolytic solution 3, the flow velocity, the positioning of the work and the electrode, the pre-processing accuracy of the work W, and the like. Therefore, in this embodiment, the information that causes these variations is incorporated into the neural circuit (neural network) of the neurocomputer, and the threshold value is determined for each trial. This eliminates the need to control electrolysis conditions.

Next, another embodiment of the electrolytic processing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In this embodiment, only parts different from the above-described embodiments will be described, and common or corresponding parts will be denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the above-described embodiments, and description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 5, the electrolytic processing apparatus according to this embodiment roughly includes a tool 11 as an electrode arranged so as to face the burr Wa of the work W, and the work W.
And a direct current power source 12 for applying a direct current to the tool 11, and conductive so as to have a predetermined space between the tool 11 and the tool 11 in order to set a reference potential when the workpiece is processed into a desired edge shape. The body 13 is arranged, and the conductor 13
A direct current is applied between the tool and the tool 11. Then, the detection means (not shown) for detecting the potential between the work W and the tool 11 and the potential detected by this detection means are compared with the set reference potential to detect the work W. A control means (not shown) for detecting the state and controlling the processing of the work W is provided. The electrolytic solution 3 is applied between the work W and the tool 11 and the conductor 1.
3 and the tool 11.

The conductor 13 has a predetermined gap with the tool 11 and is fixed via an insulator 14 so that the conductor 13 and the tool 11 partially face each other. The electrolytic solution 3 is circulated in the part where the conductor 13 and the tool 11 partially face each other. Insulators 15 and 16 are provided around the portion of the tool 11 facing the burr Wa of the work W so as to concentrate the current from the work W to the tool 11 via the electrolytic solution 3 and conduct the current. There is. The work W and the conductor 13 are connected in parallel with the anode of the DC power supply 12, and the tool 11 is grounded. Between the work W and the DC power supply 12, and between the conductor 13 and the DC power supply 12, between the work W and the tool 11 and between the conductor 13
There are provided a galvanometer as a detecting means for detecting the value of each current flowing between the tool 11 and the tool 11, and a control means for controlling energization of the work W and the conductor 13 from the DC power supply 12. The control means controls the energization of the DC power supply 12 based on the current value detected by the galvanometer (not shown).

In the electrolytic processing apparatus configured as described above,
Between the work W and the tool 11, and between the conductor 13 and the tool 1.
When a potential difference is applied by the DC power supply 12 in a state where the electrolytic solution 3 is circulated between the facing portions of the workpiece W and the tool 1,
1 and the electric current is passed through the electrolytic solution 3 flowing between the facing portions of the conductor 13 and the tool 11. As shown in FIG. 6, during this energization, the electrolytic solution 3 flowing through the gap between the work W and the tool 11 becomes the resistance R1, and the conductor 1
Since the electrolytic solution 3 flowing through the gap between the facing portions of the tool 3 and the tool 11 becomes the resistance R2, both resistances R1 and R2 can be shown in an equivalent electric circuit diagram in which they are connected in parallel to the DC power supply 12.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show the state of the electric current supplied from the DC power supply 12 via the electrolytic solution 3 between the work W and the tool 11 and between the facing portions of the conductor 13 and the tool 11. 7 and 8, the distance L1 between the facing portions of the conductor 13 and the tool 11 is set to be constant, and the position of the work W itself with respect to the tool 11 is the same. (Distance). 7 shows a case where the burr Wa formed on the work W is small and a distance L2 is formed between the tip of the burr Wa and the tool 11. In FIG. 8, the burr Wa formed on the work W is large. , The tip of the burr Wa faces the tool 11 and is equal to the interval between the work W and the tool 11, that is, a case where a distance L3 shorter than the distance L2 is formed. Therefore, in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the lines of electric force of the current passed from the conductor 13 to the tool 11 are equal, and the resistance R1 is also constant. Further, in FIG. 7, since the resistance value R2 of the gap between the tool 11 having the distance L2 and the burr Wa becomes large, the electric force line of the current to be applied becomes sparse and the current value detected by the galvanometer is small. 8, the resistance value R2 of the gap between the tool 11 and the burr Wa having the distance L3 in FIG.
As a result, the electric flux lines of the current that is passed become dense and the current value detected by the galvanometer increases.

The reference value for determining that the workpiece W has been machined into the desired edge shape is the current value applied and detected at the distance L1 between the facing portions of the conductor 13 and the tool 11. Therefore, the reference values are the conductor 13 and the tool 1.
It is determined by the area of the portion facing 1 and the distance L1. In the case of this embodiment, the reference value is the value when the current value applied between the tool 11 and the conductor 13 and detected is the tool 11 when the workpiece W is processed into the target edge shape.
Is set so as to be equal to a current value applied and detected between the workpiece W and the work W. Therefore, the area of the facing portion between the conductor 13 and the tool 11 and the distance L1 thereof are determined by the tool 11 and the conductor 13. The current value applied and detected between and is determined so as to be equal to the current value applied and detected between the tool 11 and the work W when the work W is machined into a target edge shape. ing. Note that the reference value is not limited to this embodiment, and if it is possible to determine that the work W has been processed into the target edge shape, it is possible to determine when the work W is processed into the target edge shape. It is not necessary to set it to be equal to the current value applied between the tool 11 and the workpiece W and detected. Further, in the present embodiment, the case has been described in which the current values flowing between the work W and the tool 11 and between the conductor 13 and the tool 11 are respectively detected, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. Instead, the voltage between the work W and the tool 11 and between the conductor 13 and the tool 11 may be detected. Further, when the difference in the current value due to the change in the size (R2) of the burr Wa is very small, as shown in FIG. 9, a known Wheatstone bridge is constructed to set the reference value R1 and the tool and the work. The difference with the resistance R1 between them can also be detected by the galvanometer G.

Next, another embodiment of the electrolytic processing method according to the present invention using the above-described electrolytic processing apparatus will be described with reference to FIG.
0 and FIG. The electrolytic machining method according to this embodiment roughly detects a current value applied between the work W and the tool 11 and compares the current value with a set reference potential to determine the state of the work W. The workpiece W is detected and processed according to this state. Then, the work W is processed by changing the applied time according to the state.

First, the work W, the tool 11 and the conductor 13 are positioned so as to have a predetermined distance (distance).
Then, between the work W and the tool 11, and the conductor 13
In a state in which the electrolytic solution 3 is circulated between the facing portion of the tool 11 and the tool 11, the controller applies a predetermined voltage from the DC power supply 12 to the tool 11 and the conductor 13, and between the work W and the tool 11, and The current value flowing through the electrolytic solution 3 between the facing portions of the conductor 13 and the tool 11 is detected by a galvanometer.
As shown in FIG. 10, the current value at this time increases in the initial stage of application, and the value of the variation W is increased by the applied current.
The value a gradually decreases as a is melted and the gap between the tool 11 and the tool 11 increases, and after a predetermined time elapses, the burr Wa is removed to a substantially constant value (see the chain line in FIG. 10). Therefore, in the electrolytic processing method according to the present invention, the work W and the tool 1
The peak PP of the current value applied at the initial stage between 1 and 1 is detected, the size of the burr Wa is measured by the difference from the reference value, and the target work is determined by the measured size of the burr Wa. The current application time required to obtain the edge shape of W is calculated and determined, and the current applied to measure the size of the burr Wa is continued until the calculated time is reached to process the workpiece W. is there. The reason why the size of the burr Wa is measured and the application time of the current is calculated and determined in the initial stage of the current application is that the burr Wa is melted and its size (shape) is changed by applying the current. This is because. If it takes time to calculate the current application time due to the performance of the control device, as shown in FIG. 11, the current application is stopped immediately after the application to measure the size of the burr Wa. Alternatively, the current application time may be calculated to determine the application time, and then the current may be applied again for the time determined to calculate the edge shape of the workpiece W.

The electrolytic processing method according to the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and always detects the difference between the current value applied between the tool 11 and the conductor 13 and detected and the reference value. However, the processing can be continued until the difference between the two values disappears or until the difference falls within a certain range.

The electrolytic processing is performed depending on the electrolytic conditions such as the temperature and concentration of the electrolytic solution 3, the flow velocity, the positioning of the workpiece W and the tool 11, the pre-processing accuracy of the workpiece W, and the like.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12, the information that causes these variations is monitored (S10-12), and the work W and the tool are considered in consideration of these factors. After determining the voltage to be applied between 11 and 11 (between electrodes) (S20), the size of the burr Wa is determined by the difference between the current value applied between the tool 11 and the conductor 13 and detected and the reference value. Is measured and the processing is ended (S23) from the processing time setting (S21) by measuring the size of the burr Wa, or the current value and the reference value applied between the tool 11 and the conductor 13 and detected are It is desirable to constantly detect the current difference (S22) and finish the processing (S23).

Although the electrolytic processing method and the apparatus therefor according to the present invention have been described with reference to the case of performing the deburring processing on the work W in the embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and other methods such as electrolytic polishing processing can be used. It can be used for electrolytic processing.

[0048]

According to the present invention, since the state of the work is detected and the machining is performed according to the state, it is possible to perform the electrolytic machining with high accuracy.

Further, according to the present invention, since the electrolytic processing time is set according to the state of the workpiece to be processed, the processing time can be shortened and the electrolytic processing can be efficiently performed.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, not only can the state of the work be detected with a simple structure, but also the control of electrolytic processing becomes easy.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an electrolytic processing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relationship between a gap between a work and a tool and a current value of a measurement pulse current.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the voltage and time for applying the measurement pulse current and the machining pulse current, and the relationship between the measured current value of the applied measurement pulse current and the machining pulse current and time. It is a graph which shows.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of setting a threshold value and comparing the set threshold value with the current value of the measurement pulse current to determine the application time of the processing pulse current.

FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram of another embodiment of the electrolytic processing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an equivalent electric circuit diagram of FIG.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a case where a distance L2 is formed between the tip of the burr and the tool because the burr generated on the work is small.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a case where a distance L3 shorter than the distance L2 is formed between the tip of the burr and the tool because the burr generated on the work is large.

FIG. 9: Detects the difference between the reference value R1 and the resistance R1 between the tool and the work by forming a Wheatstone bridge when the difference in the current value due to the change in the burr size (R2) is very small. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state to do.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing a current value passed between the work W and the tool 1 through the electrolytic solution 3.

FIG. 11 is another graph showing a current value that is passed between the work W and the tool 1 through the electrolytic solution 3.

FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram when performing electrolytic processing in consideration of electrolytic conditions.

[Description of sign]

 W Work Wa Vari 1 Tool 2 Pulse power supply 3 Electrolyte P1 Processing pulse current P2 Measuring pulse current 11 Tool 12 DC power supply 13 Conductor 14 Insulator PP Peak of current value

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. In an electrolytic machining method for machining a workpiece by applying a potential difference between the workpiece and the tool, the state of the workpiece is detected based on the current or voltage value between the workpiece and the tool, and the workpiece is machined. An electrolytic processing method characterized by the above. 2. In an electrolytic machining method for machining a workpiece by applying a potential difference between the workpiece and the tool by a pulse current, a measuring pulse current for detecting the state of the workpiece is applied, and a workpiece machining pulse current is applied. And an electrolytic processing method. 3. Electrochemical machining, characterized by detecting the electric potential between a work and a tool and comparing the electric potential with a set reference electric potential to detect the state of the work and machine the work. Method. 4. The electrolytic processing method according to claim 1, wherein the applied time is variable according to the state of the work. 5. An electrolytic processing apparatus for machining a workpiece by applying a potential difference between the workpiece and the tool, wherein the state of the workpiece is detected based on the current or voltage value between the workpiece and the tool to detect the condition between the workpiece and the tool. An electrolytic processing apparatus characterized by controlling a potential difference applied to a substrate. 6. An electrolytic machining apparatus for machining a workpiece by applying a potential difference between the workpiece and the tool by the pulse current, and applying a measuring pulse current for detecting a state of the workpiece and a pulse current for machining the workpiece. Characteristic electrolytic processing equipment. 7. A reference potential when a desired shape is machined is set, a potential between a work and a tool is detected, and the detected potential is compared with the set reference potential. An electrolytic processing apparatus characterized by detecting the state of a work and controlling the processing of the work. 8. The electrolytic processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the application time can be controlled according to the state of the work.