JPH09256821A - Engine valve - Google Patents
Engine valveInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09256821A JPH09256821A JP9033996A JP9033996A JPH09256821A JP H09256821 A JPH09256821 A JP H09256821A JP 9033996 A JP9033996 A JP 9033996A JP 9033996 A JP9033996 A JP 9033996A JP H09256821 A JPH09256821 A JP H09256821A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- gas
- high temperature
- heat resistant
- chromium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は自動車用エンジン
等のエンジンの排気弁として用いられるエンジンバルブ
に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an engine valve used as an exhaust valve of an engine such as an automobile engine.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】一般にエンジンバルブとしては、弁軸に
弁傘を連設したきのこ形の弁体から成るバルブが用いら
れるが、特にエンジンの排気弁は、高温の排気ガスにさ
らされ、弁傘の弁フェース部の最高温度は７００℃に達
する。この弁フェース部はシリンダヘッドのバルブシー
トに対して衝突と摺動を繰返すため、高温時における優
れた耐摩耗性が要求される。2. Description of the Related Art Generally, as an engine valve, a valve composed of a mushroom-shaped valve body having a valve shaft connected to a valve shaft is used. The maximum temperature of the valve face portion of the valve reaches 700 ° C. Since the valve face portion repeatedly collides with and slides on the valve seat of the cylinder head, excellent wear resistance at high temperatures is required.
【０００３】この排気弁として、従来は、たとえばＪＩ
ＳＧ４３１１のＳＵＨ３５などの耐熱鋼により構成した
弁体に、低シアンタフトライド処理やガス軟窒化などの
軟窒化処理を施したものを用いていたが、弁フェース部
の作動温度が７００℃程度に達する場合は、窒化層の硬
さが低下して充分な耐摩耗性は得られず、この窒化層硬
さの低下は、窒化処理の温度や時間などの処理条件を変
えても改善できなかった。また特に最近は、自動車用デ
ィーゼルエンジンやガソリンエンジンでは、高出力化や
燃費改善により排気温度が上昇し、これに伴って弁フェ
ース作動温度もさらに上昇するため、高温時における耐
摩耗性低下が大きな問題となっている。As this exhaust valve, conventionally, for example, JI
When the valve body made of heat resistant steel such as SUH35 of SG4311 is subjected to low cyan tufftride treatment or soft nitriding treatment such as gas nitrocarburizing, the operating temperature of the valve face reaches about 700 ° C. However, the hardness of the nitrided layer was reduced and sufficient abrasion resistance was not obtained, and this decrease in the hardness of the nitrided layer could not be improved even if the treatment conditions such as temperature and time of the nitriding treatment were changed. In recent years, particularly, in automobile diesel engines and gasoline engines, exhaust temperature rises due to higher output and improved fuel economy, and the valve face operating temperature also rises accordingly, resulting in a large decrease in wear resistance at high temperatures. It's a problem.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】この発明は上記従来の
問題点を解決するもので、高温の排気ガスにさらされて
も弁フェース部の硬さ低下が小さく、弁フェース部の高
温時における耐摩耗性がすぐれたエンジンバルブを提供
しようとするものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, in that the hardness of the valve face is not significantly reduced even when exposed to high temperature exhaust gas, and the valve face is resistant to high temperatures. It is intended to provide an engine valve having excellent wear resistance.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明のエンジンバル
ブは、弁軸に弁傘を連設した弁体の少なくとも前記弁傘
部を、重量％でニッケルを３５〜８０％、クロムを１３
〜２５％、アルミニウムを０．９〜２．０％，チタンを
２．０〜３．０％含む耐食耐熱超合金で構成し、前記弁
傘の弁フェース部に、窒化層を形成したことを特徴とす
る。According to the engine valve of the present invention, at least the valve head portion of a valve body in which a valve head is connected to a valve shaft, nickel is 35 to 80% by weight and chromium is 13% by weight.
.About.25%, 0.9 to 2.0% of aluminum, and 2.0 to 3.0% of titanium, and a nitride layer is formed on the valve face portion of the valve umbrella. Characterize.
【０００６】この発明において弁体を構成する耐食耐熱
超合金の各組成の限定理由を以下に述べる。先ずニッケ
ルは、オーステナイトマトリックスとＮi3（Ａl，Ｔi）
のガンマプライム相を構成し、耐食耐熱超合金の耐食性
と強度を確保する元素として不可欠であるとともに、窒
化層において窒素を固溶せず、また窒化物も形成しない
ため、高温での窒素の拡散を遅くし、高温保持による窒
化層の硬さの低下が小さくなる。ニッケルは３５％未満
では高温に長時間加熱された場合にη相が肥大凝集化し
て高温強度を低下させ、８０％をこえると窒化層の硬さ
の低下を防ぐ効果があがらず、単にコストアップをまね
くだけとなる。The reasons for limiting the respective compositions of the corrosion resistant heat resistant superalloy constituting the valve body in the present invention will be described below. First, nickel is composed of austenite matrix and Ni 3 (Al, Ti).
It is essential as an element that forms the gamma-prime phase of the alloy and secures the corrosion resistance and strength of the corrosion-resistant heat-resistant superalloy, and does not form a solid solution of nitrogen in the nitride layer and does not form a nitride. Is slowed down, and the decrease in hardness of the nitrided layer due to high temperature holding is reduced. If the nickel content is less than 35%, the η phase enlarges and agglomerates when heated to a high temperature for a long time to lower the high-temperature strength. It will only lead to.
【０００７】クロムは、窒化層において窒素と結合して
クロム窒化物を形成し、窒化層の硬さを向上させる。そ
のため、クロムは１３％以上必要とするが、２５％をこ
えると高温強度が低下する。Chromium combines with nitrogen in the nitride layer to form chromium nitride, which improves the hardness of the nitride layer. Therefore, chromium is required to be 13% or more, but if it exceeds 25%, the high temperature strength decreases.
【０００８】アルミニウムは、オーステナイトマトリッ
クスからガンマプライム相を析出させ、耐食耐熱超合金
を強化するとともに、本発明では窒化層において窒素と
結合しアルミ窒化物を形成する。このアルミ窒化物によ
り高温での窒素の拡散や窒化物の凝集が遅くなり、高温
保持による窒化層の硬さの低下が小さくなる。この高温
保持による硬さの低下を小さくするためにはアルミニウ
ムは最低０．９％必要とするが、２．０％を越えると熱
間加工性が著しく悪くなる。Aluminum precipitates the gamma prime phase from the austenite matrix, strengthens the corrosion resistant heat resistant superalloy, and in the present invention combines with nitrogen in the nitride layer to form aluminum nitride. This aluminum nitride slows down the diffusion of nitrogen at high temperature and the agglomeration of nitride, and the decrease in hardness of the nitride layer due to holding at high temperature is reduced. Aluminum must be at least 0.9% in order to reduce the decrease in hardness due to holding at high temperature, but if it exceeds 2.0%, the hot workability becomes extremely poor.
【０００９】チタンは、アルミニウムと同様にオーステ
ナイトマトリックスからガンマプライム相を析出させ、
耐食耐熱超合金を強化するとともに、本発明では窒化層
において窒素と結合しチタン窒化物を形成する。このチ
タン窒化物により高温での窒素の拡散や窒化物の凝集が
遅くなり、高温保持による窒化層の硬さの低下が小さく
なる。この高温保持による硬さの低下を小さくするため
にはチタンは最低２．０％必要とするが、３．０％を越
えると熱間加工性が著しく悪くなる。Titanium, like aluminum, precipitates a gamma prime phase from an austenite matrix,
In addition to strengthening the corrosion and heat resistant superalloy, the present invention combines with nitrogen in the nitride layer to form titanium nitride. This titanium nitride slows down the diffusion of nitrogen and the agglomeration of the nitride at a high temperature, and the decrease in the hardness of the nitride layer due to the high temperature retention is reduced. Titanium is required to be at least 2.0% in order to reduce the decrease in hardness due to holding at high temperature, but if it exceeds 3.0%, the hot workability is significantly deteriorated.
【００１０】この発明において上記ニッケルその他の組
成条件を充足する耐食耐熱超合金としては、ＪＩＳＧ４
９０１の耐食耐熱超合金のうちのＮＣＦ７５０、ＮＣＦ
７５１、ＮＣＦ８０Ａ、特公平１−１２８２７号公報の
特許請求の範囲１〜４に記載された弁用鋼、特開平１−
２５９１４０号公報の特許請求の範囲に記載された排気
弁用ニッケル基合金などを用いることができる。In the present invention, as the corrosion-resistant heat-resistant superalloy satisfying the above-mentioned nickel and other composition conditions, JISG4
NCF750, NCF of 901 corrosion resistant superalloy
751, NCF80A, valve steel described in claims 1 to 4 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 12827/1989, JP-A-1-.
The nickel-based alloy for exhaust valves described in the claims of Japanese Patent No. 259140 can be used.
【００１１】この発明において弁軸に弁傘を連設した弁
体は、弁体全体が耐食耐熱超合金から成る一体構造品と
するほか、耐食耐熱超合金製の弁傘部を、鉄基耐熱鋼等
から成る別種金属製の弁軸に溶接した溶接構造品として
もよい。なお上記一体構造品は、上記溶接構造品に比べ
て、溶接部がなくなるため信頼性が向上するとともに製
造コストを低減できるという長所を有する。またこの発
明において弁傘の弁フェース部に形成する窒化層は、そ
の厚さが５μｍ未満だと耐摩耗性が不充分なので、５μ
ｍ以上の厚さとするのが好ましい。In the present invention, the valve body in which the valve shaft is continuously connected to the valve shaft is an integral structure product in which the entire valve body is made of a corrosion resistant heat resistant superalloy. The welded structure may be welded to a valve shaft made of another metal such as steel. Note that the integrated structure product has the advantages over the welded structure product that the welded portion is eliminated, so that the reliability is improved and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Further, in the present invention, if the thickness of the nitride layer formed on the valve face portion of the valve umbrella is less than 5 μm, the wear resistance is insufficient, so that it is 5 μm.
The thickness is preferably m or more.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の実施の形態】以下図面によってこの発明の一具
体例を説明すると、図１に示すように前記例示したＮＣ
Ｆ７５０等の耐食耐熱超合金から成る素材を加工して、
軸１に弁傘２を連設して成り所定の寸法精度に仕上加工
した弁体３を得る。この弁体３に対して窒化処理をおこ
なって、弁フェース４部に窒化層５を形成させることに
より、この発明のエンジンバルブが得られる。この窒化
層５は、弁フェース４部のみに形成させても、弁体３の
全面に形成させてもよいが、図２は後者の場合を示す。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A specific example of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG.
By processing a material made of corrosion resistant heat resistant super alloy such as F750,
A valve body 3 is formed by connecting a valve umbrella 2 to a shaft 1 and finished to a predetermined dimensional accuracy to obtain a valve body 3. The engine valve of the present invention is obtained by subjecting this valve body 3 to a nitriding treatment to form a nitride layer 5 on the valve face 4 portion. The nitride layer 5 may be formed only on the valve face 4 portion or on the entire surface of the valve body 3, but FIG. 2 shows the latter case.
【００１３】上記弁体３の素材として用いる耐食耐熱超
合金は、酸素との親和力の大きいクロムを多量に含むた
め、機械加工後の弁体３の表面には薄い酸化物層が形成
され、従来の低シアンタフトライド処理やガス軟窒化で
は、有効な窒化層５の形成が困難である。そこで、たと
えば特開平３−４４４５７号公報に開示されているよう
に、被処理材を予めフッ素を含む反応ガス雰囲気中に保
持して表面層にフッ化物膜を生成した後窒化雰囲気中で
加熱する方法や、被処理材を予め塩素などの還元性ガス
を含む反応ガス雰囲気中に保持して被処理材表面の酸化
被膜を還元後窒化雰囲気中で加熱する方法、被処理材の
表面にショットブラスト加工などの機械的処理を施して
該表面部の酸化被膜を除去後窒化雰囲気中で加熱する方
法、などを採用することにより、厚さのばらつきの少な
い窒化層５を確実に形成することができる。Since the corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant superalloy used as the material for the valve body 3 contains a large amount of chromium, which has a high affinity for oxygen, a thin oxide layer is formed on the surface of the valve body 3 after machining, which is a conventional problem. It is difficult to effectively form the nitride layer 5 by the low cyan tufftride treatment or the gas soft nitriding. Therefore, as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-44457, the material to be treated is previously held in a reaction gas atmosphere containing fluorine to form a fluoride film on the surface layer and then heated in a nitriding atmosphere. Method, method of holding the material to be processed in a reaction gas atmosphere containing a reducing gas such as chlorine in advance and heating the oxide film on the surface of the material to be processed in a nitriding atmosphere after reduction, shot blasting on the surface of the material to be processed By adopting a method of performing mechanical treatment such as working to remove the oxide film on the surface and then heating in a nitriding atmosphere, it is possible to surely form the nitride layer 5 with less variation in thickness. .
【００１４】[0014]
【実施例】次に実施例および比較例によって、この発明
をさらに詳細に説明する。EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
【００１５】実施例 耐食耐熱超合金素材として、重量％でニッケルを約４０
％（残部）、アルミニウムを１．３７％、チタンを２．
６％、炭素を０．０２％、ケイ素を０．１４％、マンガ
ンを０．０９％、クロムを２４％、ニオブを０．９９
％、ボロンを０．００３％、鉄を３２％含む、特公平１
−１２８２７号公報の特許請求の範囲第１項記載の弁用
鋼の鋼種を用い、図１に示す形状（但し弁体３の全長：
９９mm、弁軸１の軸径：６mm、弁傘２の傘径：３３．５
mm）に仕上加工した弁体３を、前処理として処理炉内に
おいてＮＦ3 を５０００ｐｐｍ含有するＮ2 ガス雰囲気
中で３５０℃で１０分間保持したのち、同処理炉内にＮ
Ｈ3 とＲＸガスの混合ガスを導入し、炉内を５８０℃に
５時間保持して、ガス窒化処理をおこなった。その結
果、厚さ２０μｍのほぼ均一な窒化層５を弁体全周に形
成したエンジンバルブが得られた。EXAMPLE As a corrosion resistant heat resistant superalloy material, about 40% by weight of nickel was used.
% (The balance), aluminum 1.37%, titanium 2.
6%, carbon 0.02%, silicon 0.14%, manganese 0.09%, chromium 24%, niobium 0.99
%, Boron 0.003%, Iron 32%, Special Fairness 1
The shape shown in FIG. 1 (however, the total length of the valve body 3:
99mm, valve shaft 1 shaft diameter: 6mm, valve umbrella 2 umbrella diameter: 33.5
The valve body 3 which has been subjected to a finishing process of 10 mm) is held as a pretreatment in a N 2 gas atmosphere containing 5000 ppm of NF 3 at 350 ° C. for 10 minutes as a pretreatment.
A gas mixture of H 3 and RX gas was introduced, and the inside of the furnace was kept at 580 ° C. for 5 hours to perform gas nitriding treatment. As a result, an engine valve in which a substantially uniform nitride layer 5 having a thickness of 20 μm was formed on the entire circumference of the valve body was obtained.
【００１６】比較例 素材としてＪＩＳＧ４３１１の耐熱鋼ＳＵＨ３５（主要
組成＝ニッケル４％、炭素０．５３％、マンガン９％、
クロム２１％、窒素０．４％、残部鉄）を用い、実施例
と同寸法に仕上加工した弁体を、実施例と同条件で前処
理およびガス窒化処理をおこなった。その結果、厚さ５
０μｍのほぼ均一な窒化層を弁体全周に形成したエンジ
ンバルブが得られた。Comparative Example JIS G4311 heat-resistant steel SUH35 (main composition = nickel 4%, carbon 0.53%, manganese 9%, as a material)
A valve body finished to the same dimensions as in the example using 21% chromium, 0.4% nitrogen, and the balance iron) was subjected to pretreatment and gas nitriding treatment under the same conditions as in the example. As a result, thickness 5
An engine valve having a substantially uniform nitride layer of 0 μm formed all around the valve body was obtained.
【００１７】上記実施例および比較例で得た試料につい
て、弁フェース４部の作動温度に相当する７００℃の保
持炉中に１００時間保持し、初期（保持炉装入前）と上
記保持後における弁フェース４部の窒化層５の硬度（但
し図２に示すように弁フェース４の表面より１０μｍの
位置にある測定点Ｐにおける硬度）を測定したところ、
表１および図３に示す結果が得られた。The samples obtained in the above Examples and Comparative Examples were held in a holding furnace at 700 ° C., which corresponds to the operating temperature of the valve face 4 for 100 hours, at the initial stage (before charging the holding furnace) and after the above holding. When the hardness of the nitrided layer 5 at the valve face 4 portion (however, the hardness at the measurement point P at a position 10 μm from the surface of the valve face 4 as shown in FIG. 2) was measured,
The results shown in Table 1 and FIG. 3 were obtained.
【００１８】[0018]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１９】これらのデータから判るように、比較例品
では、７００℃×１００時間保持（以下高温保持とい
う）後の窒化層５部の硬度が、母材の硬度（４００〜５
００ＨＶ(0.1) ）と同程度まで大巾に低下するが、本発
明の実施例品では窒化層５の高温保持後の硬度低下はご
く僅かである。As can be seen from these data, in the comparative example product, the hardness of 5 parts of the nitride layer after holding at 700 ° C. for 100 hours (hereinafter referred to as holding at high temperature) is the hardness of the base material (400 to 5).
00HV (0.1)), but the hardness of the nitrided layer 5 after holding at high temperature is very small in the example of the present invention.
【００２０】次に上記の初期（高温保持前）および高温
保持後の、実施例および比較例の各試料を、弁座試験装
置（但しバルブシート材質：鉄系焼結合金）に組込み、
燃料としてＬＰＧを用いてカム回転数：２０００ｒｐｍ
で２４時間連続運転する耐久試験をおこない、弁フェー
ス４部の摩耗量を測定した結果を、表２および図４に示
す。Next, the above-mentioned initial (before high temperature holding) and after each high temperature holding samples of Examples and Comparative Examples were incorporated into a valve seat test apparatus (however, valve seat material: ferrous sintered alloy),
Cam rotation speed: 2000 rpm using LPG as fuel
Table 2 and FIG. 4 show the results of measuring the amount of wear of the valve face 4 by conducting a durability test in which the valve is continuously operated for 24 hours.
【００２１】[0021]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２２】これらのデータから判るように、比較例品
は高温保持品の弁フェース４部の摩耗量が大きく、耐摩
耗性が劣るのに対し、本発明の実施例品は高温保持品も
弁フェース４の摩耗量が少なく、耐摩耗性が優れてい
る。As can be seen from these data, the comparative example product has a large amount of wear on the valve face 4 of the high temperature holding product and is inferior in wear resistance, whereas the example product of the present invention has a high temperature holding product. The amount of wear of the face 4 is small and the wear resistance is excellent.
【００２３】[0023]
【発明の効果】以上説明したようにこの発明によれば、
弁傘自体が高温強度の高い耐食耐熱超合金から成り、こ
の弁傘の弁フェース部に形成した窒化層の高温保持によ
る硬さの低下が、アルミ窒化物およびチタン窒化物によ
り抑制されるので、高温の排気ガスにさらされても弁フ
ェース部の硬さ低下が小さく、弁フェース部の高温時に
おける耐摩耗性がすぐれたエンジンバルブが得られる。As described above, according to the present invention,
Since the valve umbrella itself is made of a corrosion-resistant heat-resistant superalloy with high temperature strength, the decrease in hardness of the nitride layer formed on the valve face portion of this valve umbrella due to high temperature retention is suppressed by aluminum nitride and titanium nitride. Even if the valve face is exposed to high temperature exhaust gas, the hardness of the valve face is small, and an engine valve having excellent wear resistance at high temperature can be obtained.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図１】この発明の一具体例を示すエンジンバルブの弁
体の正面図である。FIG. 1 is a front view of a valve body of an engine valve showing a specific example of the present invention.
【図２】図１の弁体の窒化処理後の要部拡大断面図であ
る。FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an essential part of the valve body of FIG. 1 after a nitriding treatment.
【図３】この発明の実施例品および比較例品の窒化層の
硬さの変化を示す線図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a change in hardness of a nitride layer of an example product and a comparative example product of the present invention.
【図４】この発明の実施例品および比較例品の耐久試験
結果を示す線図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a result of a durability test of an example product and a comparative example product of the present invention.
１…弁軸、２…弁傘、３…弁体、４…弁フェース、５…
窒化層。1 ... Valve shaft, 2 ... Valve umbrella, 3 ... Valve body, 4 ... Valve face, 5 ...
Nitride layer.
Claims (1)
前記弁傘部を、重量％でニッケルを３５〜８０％、クロ
ムを１３〜２５％、アルミニウムを０．９〜２．０％，
チタンを２．０〜３．０％含む耐食耐熱超合金で構成
し、前記弁傘の弁フェース部に、窒化層を形成したこと
を特徴とするエンジンバルブ。1. At least the valve head portion of a valve body in which a valve head is continuously connected to a valve shaft, 35 to 80% by weight of nickel, 13 to 25% of chromium, and 0.9 to 2.0 of aluminum. %,
An engine valve comprising a corrosion-resistant heat-resistant superalloy containing titanium in an amount of 2.0 to 3.0%, and a nitride layer formed on a valve face portion of the valve umbrella.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9033996A JPH09256821A (en) | 1996-03-19 | 1996-03-19 | Engine valve |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9033996A JPH09256821A (en) | 1996-03-19 | 1996-03-19 | Engine valve |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09256821A true JPH09256821A (en) | 1997-09-30 |
Family
ID=13995772
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9033996A Pending JPH09256821A (en) | 1996-03-19 | 1996-03-19 | Engine valve |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH09256821A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009001863A (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2009-01-08 | Air Water Inc | Nitriding treatment method, mechanical component having different materials jointed, method for manufacturing engine valve, and engine valve |
| CN104975899A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-10-14 | 曼恩柴油机涡轮股份公司曼恩柴油机涡轮德国分公司 | An Exhaust Valve For An Internal Combustion Engine, And A Method Of Strengthening An Annular Valve Seat Area In An Exhaust Valve |
| JPWO2015118924A1 (en) * | 2014-02-10 | 2017-03-23 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Sliding mechanism |
| CN113606010A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-05 | 重庆宗申发动机制造有限公司 | Fuel engine valve |
-
1996
- 1996-03-19 JP JP9033996A patent/JPH09256821A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009001863A (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2009-01-08 | Air Water Inc | Nitriding treatment method, mechanical component having different materials jointed, method for manufacturing engine valve, and engine valve |
| JPWO2015118924A1 (en) * | 2014-02-10 | 2017-03-23 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Sliding mechanism |
| US10590812B2 (en) | 2014-02-10 | 2020-03-17 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Sliding mechanism |
| CN104975899A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-10-14 | 曼恩柴油机涡轮股份公司曼恩柴油机涡轮德国分公司 | An Exhaust Valve For An Internal Combustion Engine, And A Method Of Strengthening An Annular Valve Seat Area In An Exhaust Valve |
| JP2015212543A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-11-26 | マン ディーゼル アンド ターボ フィリアル エーエフ マン ディーゼル アンド ターボ エスイー ティスクランド | Exhaust valve for internal combustion engine |
| CN113606010A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-05 | 重庆宗申发动机制造有限公司 | Fuel engine valve |
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