JPH09253677A - Method and apparatus for clarification of water quality in stream - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a clarification material layer from being clogged while water quality clarification action is kept. SOLUTION: In each clarification unit 4 and 5, a clarification material layer 9 united with charcoal and a net bag is arranged between the first and the second weirs 7 and 8 with water passing holes 7b and 8b and top ends being lower than the ordinary water level and at the intermediate position in the up and down direction on the upper side of both water passing holes. Water sprinkling pipes 11' and 11 are provided and water is sprinkled into a shower-like condition on a water flowing face to increase dissolved oxygen. A water sprinkling pipe 12 for additional supplying of oxygen and for back washing of the clarification material layer is arranged on a water passing part on the bottom of a water passage below each clarification material layer. The flow to each clarification material layer is reversed by switching alternately a process wherein the first switching gate 7c and 7c is made under closed condition and the second switching gate 8c and 8c is made under open condition to make the flow direction of water passing through each clarification material layer from the upper side to the lower side and a process wherein the first switching gate is made under open condition and the second switching gate is made under closed condition to make the flow direction of water passing through each clarification material layer from the upper side to the lower side. By making both the first and the second switching gates under open condition, removing and cleaning of cumulus sludge on the bottom of the water channel 1a and the water passing part 16 on the bottom of the water channel.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water purification method and a water purification apparatus for purifying water flowing through natural rivers, artificial rivers such as waterways using a purification material made of a porous material such as charcoal. Regarding

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a water purification method and a water purification apparatus for a river of this kind, a closed passage extending in the upstream and downstream directions is arranged in the middle of an artificial river, and the passage is blocked in this closed passage. It is known that a plurality of partition plates are installed at predetermined intervals in the upstream and downstream directions, and filter media made of a porous material are respectively housed between adjacent partition plates to provide a plurality of filtration chambers in the upstream and downstream directions. (For example, the actual Kaihei 6-52999
Reference). In this case, the first lower end of the plurality of partition plates, the upper end of the second sheet, the lower end of the third sheet,
... such that openings are provided alternately toward the downstream side, and the flow of flowing water is from bottom to top in the first filtration chamber, from top to bottom in the second filtration chamber, and in the third filtration chamber. From bottom to top,
I try to change it ...

[0003]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional river water purification method and water purification apparatus, there is a problem that construction of the apparatus requires a great deal of labor and cost.
Moreover, since the flow direction of the flowing water with respect to the filter medium in each filter chamber is always fixed and fixed either from the top to the bottom or from the bottom to the top, sludge and the like are not trapped in the gaps of the filter medium. Clogs will eventually result in a clogged state, and the water purification effect cannot be expected, and sludge will easily accumulate in the closed passage. In this case, although the backwash means is provided in the above publication, the backwash means is for returning the water at the most downstream position of the plurality of filtration chambers by backflowing it to the most upstream position with a pump, The flow direction of the flowing water with respect to the filter material in each filter chamber does not change, and the above clogging condition cannot be effectively eliminated. Therefore, in order to eliminate the above clogging, it takes a lot of time to replace the filter material and remove the accumulated sludge.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to easily and surely prevent clogging of a purification material layer while maintaining a water quality purification action. It is in.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention according to claim 1 has a water passage hole which is provided in the middle of a channel of a river and which penetrates along the bottom of the channel. A weir,
From the second weir having a water passage hole which is provided at a predetermined distance downstream of the first weir and which penetrates along the bottom of the flow path, and the formation positions of the respective water passage holes of the first and second weirs. And a purification material layer made of a porous material, which is arranged so as to spread over substantially the entire area in the plane direction between the first and second weirs at an upper position, and the first and second weirs. The present invention is directed to a water quality purification method for a river, which uses a water quality purification device provided with an opening / closing gate for opening / closing the water passage so as to open / close. Then, after performing either one of the following first purification process and second purification process, the other purification process is switched to. Here, in the first purification step, by closing the opening / closing gate of the first weir, the running water overflows from the first weir and flows into the upper part of the purification material layer, and in addition, By opening the opening / closing gate of the second weir,
To project upward from the weir of the second weir and to prevent the overflow of the running water and to pass the running water from the upper side to the lower side of the purification material layer so as to flow downstream from the water passage hole of the second weir. It is a thing. In the second purification step, the opening / closing gate of the first weir is opened so that the opening / closing gate is projected upward from the first weir to prevent overflow and to prevent running water from flowing to the first side. The flowing water is made to flow into the lower part of the purification material layer from the water hole of the weir, and at the same time, the opening and closing gate of the second weir is closed to allow the flowing water to pass through the purification material layer from the bottom to the top. It is designed to allow the weir to overflow downstream.

In the case of the above construction, the first and second purification steps are performed or the second and second purification steps are performed by opening and closing the pair of opening and closing gates of the first and second weirs.
Can be switched to the purification process. For example, when the second purification process is switched to the first purification process, in the second purification process, the opening / closing gate of the first weir is opened and the opening / closing gate of the second weir is closed. Therefore, the running water on the upstream side of the first weir is blocked by the open / close gate of the first weir and flows into the lower part of the purification material layer through the water passage hole. Is passing through the purification material layer from the bottom to the top because the water hole of the second weir on the downstream side is closed.
Overflows the top of the weir and flows downstream. When running water passes through the purification material layer from the bottom to the top, water purification is achieved by the microorganisms propagated in the purification material layer. Then, when switching to the first purification step, the opening and closing gate of the first weir is closed and the opening and closing gate of the second weir is opened, contrary to the above, so that the first weir is opened. The upstream running water overflows the top of the first weir and flows into the upper part of the purification material layer, and the inflowing water is dammed on the downstream side by the open / close gate of the second weir. Therefore, the purification material layer passes from the upper side to the lower side in the reverse of the second purification step and flows down to the downstream side through the water passage hole of the second weir. Therefore, in the second purification step, even if a factor causing clogging on the lower side of the purification material layer due to the flow of water passing from the bottom to the top of the purification material layer is switched to the first purification step, Since the flow direction of the flowing water with respect to the purification material layer reverses with the switching from the second purification step to the first purification step, the reverse flow causes the clogging factor to be washed away, while in the first purification step. Also, when running water passes through the purification material layer from top to bottom, water purification is achieved by the microorganisms propagated in the purification material layer. Therefore, it is possible to easily and surely prevent the purification material layer from being clogged while maintaining the water purification effect. And, the above first purification step,
By alternately repeating the second purification step, a predetermined water purification action is maintained for a long period of time.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the water purification method according to the first aspect, the pair of opening / closing gates of the first and second weirs are both opened, and the running water flows through the first weir. The third purification step is provided to allow the water to flow into the lower side of the purification material through the holes and then to flow downstream through the water passage holes of the second weir.

In the case of the above construction, when switching to the third cleaning step, both the first and second weirs are blocked by the open / close gates, while the water passage holes of both the weirs are opened. Therefore, the water in the flow channel sunk into the flow channel bottom on the upstream side of the first weir, passes through the water passage holes of the first weir, and flows down below the purification material layer along the flow channel bottom, and The water flows down along the flow channel bottom from the upstream side of the first weir to the downstream side of the second weir, such as flowing downstream through the water passage holes of the second weir. Therefore, even when sludge or the like is accumulated on the bottom of the flow path, the accumulated sludge can be washed away by the flow of water along the bottom of the flow path.

The invention according to claim 3 relates to a water purification apparatus for carrying out the water purification method of the invention according to claim 1 or 2, and the invention according to claim 3 is A first weir that is provided in the middle of the channel of the river and has a water passage hole that penetrates along the channel bottom, and a passage that is provided a predetermined distance downstream of this first weir and that penetrates along the channel bottom. The second weir having water holes and the first and second weirs at a position above the formation positions of the water passage holes of both the first and second weirs.
And a purification material layer made of a porous material, which is arranged so as to spread over substantially the entire area between the two weirs. Then, the first and second weirs are opened to open the water passage hole and project upward so as to prevent overflow of water from the top of each weir, while being closed in the open state. An opening / closing gate that closes the water hole and opens and closes to allow water to overflow from the top of each weir is provided.

In the case of the above construction, when the opening / closing gates of the first and second weirs are opened, the opening / closing gates open the water passage holes of the weirs and move upward from the top of each weir. The water flow will be blocked by projecting to the. On the other hand, when the opening / closing gate of each weir is closed, each opening / closing gate closes the water passage hole of each weir and causes water to overflow from the top of each weir. Therefore, when the opening / closing gate of the first weir is closed and the opening / closing gate of the second weir is opened, water flows from the top to the bottom of the purification material layer, and the first purification is performed. While the process is performed, when the opening and closing gate of the first weir is opened and the opening and closing gate of the second weir is closed, water flows from the bottom to the top of the purification material layer. The second purification step will be performed. When both the opening and closing gates of both the first and second weirs are opened, water flows along the bottom of the channel from the upstream side of the first weir to the downstream side of the second weir. As a result, the third purification step is performed. Therefore, it becomes possible to reliably carry out the water purification method according to claim 1 or 2, and it is possible to easily and reliably prevent the purification material layer from being clogged while maintaining the water purification action.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect of the invention, it is arranged below the purification material layer between the first and second weirs and discharges air toward the purification material layer. An air discharge pipe and an air supply means for supplying discharge air to the air discharge pipe are additionally provided.

In the case of the above structure, aeration is performed by the air discharged from the air discharge pipe, and the reaction and growth of aerobic microorganisms that propagate in the purification material layer are promoted with the increase in dissolved oxygen. Moreover, by applying air discharge to the purification material layer from under the purification material layer, the porous material forming the purification material layer is washed, which helps prevent the clogging state. This further facilitates and ensures the prevention of clogging of the purification material layer.

According to a fifth aspect of the invention, the air supply means of the fourth aspect of the invention purifies the air by supplying the air pressure supplied to the air discharge pipe to the discharge pressure for aeration of flowing water and the purification material layer. The discharge pressure for air cleaning for cleaning the material layer is switchable.

In the case of the above construction, by only disposing one type of air discharge pipe, it is possible to perform both the increase of dissolved oxygen due to aeration and the cleaning when the purification material layer becomes clogged. It will be possible.

According to a sixth aspect of the invention, in the invention according to any one of the third to fifth aspects, the air is diffused into the running water by being arranged in the water upstream of the first weir. An air diffuser is attached.

In the case of the above construction, the opening and closing of either the first purification step or the second purification step is performed by diffusing the running water on the upstream side of the first weir from the diffusing pipe and aeration by the diffusing air. Even when the gate is opened / closed, the dissolved oxygen in the flowing water before passing through the purification material is increased, which promotes the reaction and breeding of aerobic microorganisms in the purification material layer.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the third to sixth aspects, the flowing water flowing into the purification material layer is positioned at least above the flowing water surface on the upstream side. It is configured to include a sprinkling pipe that sprinkles water on the running surface, and water supply means that supplies sprinkling water to the sprinkling pipe.

In the case of the above construction, water is sprinkled on the flowing water surface on the upstream side before passing through the purification material layer, whereby the amount of dissolved oxygen in the vicinity of the flowing water surface is increased. Then, since the water having the increased dissolved oxygen amount passes through the purification material layer, the water efficiently contacts the aerobic microorganisms in the purification material layer, and the reaction and reproduction thereof are further promoted.

Further, the invention according to claim 8 is such that the water supply means in the invention according to claim 7 is configured so that the water taken from the running water portion after passing through the purification material layer is used as water for sprinkling. .

In the case of the above construction, water purified by passing through the purification material layer is sprinkled from the sprinkling pipe, so that the sprinkling of water can further increase the dissolved oxygen.

Further, the invention according to claim 9 is the same as claim 3
The purification material layer in the invention described above is configured by dispersing and containing a large number of charcoal in a mesh bag.

In the case of the above structure, since the purification material layer is composed of a large number of charcoal dispersedly contained in the net bag,
The purification of water quality is achieved by adsorbing impurities into the fine voids of charcoal as a porous material, and the purification material layer is housed in a mesh bag to form a unit and the installation work and purification at the time of construction The work of replacing the material layer becomes easy.

[0023]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

<Water Purification Device> FIG. 1 shows a water purification device for a river according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is a water channel as a channel of an artificial river, and a channel bottom having a predetermined downward slope. The water channel bottom 1a and the both side walls 1b as the riverbank are formed by a concrete structure, and the upper surfaces are open. Then, with respect to the water channel 1, a first screen 2, a second screen 3, a first purification unit 4, in order from the upstream side.
The second purification unit 5 and the movable dam 6 on the most downstream side are respectively provided.

The first screen 2 is composed of bar screens which are set at intervals such that a relatively large dust (for example, dust having a size of 20 mm or more) flowing with the running water from the upstream can be removed. Screen 3
Is composed of a bar screen or a net screen set at an interval that can remove relatively small dust (dust up to several mm). In addition, 2a and 3a in FIG. 1 are support frames which support the first and second screens 2 and 3, respectively.

The above-mentioned first and second purification units 4, 5
Have the same configuration, and the number of purification units to be placed (the number of stages) is determined by the length of the river or water channel 1 and the expected pollution removal rate. Depending on their degree, one or more stages You may arrange the purification unit of.

As shown in detail in FIG. 2, each of the purification units 4 and 5 has a first weir 7 and a second weir 8 positioned a predetermined distance downstream of the first weir 7. , These first
And a purification material layer 9 disposed between the second weirs 7 and 8, a water sprinkling pipe 11 disposed in the upper space, and an air discharge pipe disposed below the purification material layer 9. And the air diffuser 12 of FIG.

The first and second weirs 7 and 8 are the waterways 1
It is formed so as to partition the water channel 1 between the both side walls 1b, 1b, and the respective top ends 7a, 8a thereof are positioned below the normal water level so as to be submerged below the water surface. Further, in the first and second weirs 7 and 8, water passage holes 7b and 8b penetrating the bottom along the water channel bottom 1a and water passage holes 7b and 8b can be opened and closed by moving up and down. Opening / closing gates 7c and 8c are provided for closing. Hereinafter, the opening / closing gate of the first weir 7 will be referred to as a first opening / closing gate 7c,
The opening / closing gate of the second weir 8 will be described as a second opening / closing gate 8c.

The first and second opening / closing gates 7c, 8
c is moved upward to be in the open state as shown for the second opening / closing gate 8c in FIG.
The above-mentioned weirs 7 and 8 are made to open and project above the normal water level from the tops 7a and 8a of the respective weirs 7 and 8 to prevent overflow from the weirs 7 and 8 and stop them. Further, the opening / closing gates 7c, 8c are moved downward to be in the closed state as shown in FIG. 4 for the first opening / closing gate 7c, thereby closing the water passage holes 7b, 8b and closing the weirs 7, The water is made to overflow from the tops 7a, 8a of 8.

Between the first and second weirs 7 and 8 described above, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the both weirs 7 and 8 and the side walls 1b and 1b of the water channel 1 are provided. The pedestal part 1 for holding and mounting the purification material layer 9 at an intermediate position in the vertical direction and projecting inward from the upper positions of both the water passage holes 7b, 8b.
3 are formed. Then, in the opening 13a in the vertical direction defined by the protruding peripheral edge of the pedestal portion 12,
A lattice-like holding member 14 configured by a grating or the like having a through hole that holds the purification material layer 9 and allows water to easily pass through is attached.

The purification material layer 9 has a large number of granular or rod-shaped porous charcoal as a porous material, and a net-like material or a porous material which holds the charcoal in a dispersed and contained state and has a through hole through which water can easily pass. It has a bag-shaped container made of a material, and is formed as a unit from a large number of these charcoal and the container. The purification material layer 9 is defined by the first and second weirs 7 and 8 and the side walls 1b and 1b of the water channel 1, and the water channel 15 extends in the vertical direction.
Has the same plane shape as that of No. 1, and the charcoal is formed so as to have a predetermined thickness such that the charcoal is in a predetermined laminated state. The first and second weirs 7, 8 and the side walls 1b, 1b are It is submerged in a space defined by and in an internally fitted state and placed on the holding member 14. Thereby, the purification material layer 9
Is located at an intermediate position in the vertical direction of the water passage 15 described above.
It is arranged in a state where it spreads over almost the entire water-flowing cross section and floats below it, leaving the water channel bottom water-flowing portion 16.

The sprinkling pipe 11 is composed of a cylindrical pipe or the like having a large number of water ejection holes formed on the lower surface side and is surrounded by the first and second weirs 7 and 8 and the side walls 1b and 1b. One or more pipes are piped and supported in a space above the flowing water surface in the plane range so that water can be sprayed onto the flowing water surface in the plane range. In addition, the first weir 7
In the space above the flowing water surface on the upstream side of the
Another water sprinkling pipe 11 'having the same structure as the above is piped and supported. Then, in both of the water spray pipes 11 and 11 of the first and second purification units 4 and 5 and the other water spray pipe 11 ′, the downstream end of a water supply pipe 17 for supplying water for spraying is provided with an opening / closing valve 18 a,
18b and 18c, and a water pump 19 is connected to the upstream end of the water supply pipe 17. The water pump 19 is disposed in the running water on the downstream side of the second purification unit 5 on the most downstream side, and the water after being purified by the purification units 4 and 5 by its operation is sprayed on the sprinkling pipes 11 and 11 '. The water is supplied to the water spray pipes 11 and 11 'to be sprayed like a shower.

The air diffuser 12 is composed of a cylindrical pipe or the like having a large number of air ejection holes formed in the upper surface thereof, and one or a plurality of the air diffusers 12 face the opening 13 in the water passage bottom water passage portion 16 above. Books are arranged. in addition,
In the water near the water channel bottom 1a on the upstream side of the first weir 7, another air diffusing tube 12 'having the same structure as the air diffusing tube 12 is arranged so as to extend in the width direction of the water channel 1. An air supply pipe 2 for supplying discharge air to both the air diffusers 12 of the first and second purification units 4 and 5 and the other air diffuser 12 '.
The downstream end of 0 is connected via open / close valves 21a, 21b, 21c, and the upstream end of the air supply pipe 20 is a blower 22 for low pressure supply for aeration and a compressor 23 for high pressure supply for cleaning. And are connected in parallel via the on-off valves 22a and 23a.

Further, the movable weir 6 has a water passage hole 6a penetrating along the water channel bottom 1a and an opening / closing gate 6b for opening and closing the water passage hole 6a. It is designed to be opened only when removing and cleaning sludge accumulated on the bottom 1a of the water channel.

<Water Purification Method> Next, regarding the water purification method using the water purification apparatus having the above-described structure, a normal purification method in which the first purification step and the second purification step are alternately repeated,
The cleaning method for the cleaning material layer 9 and the cleaning method for removing and cleaning the sludge accumulated on the water channel bottom 1a in the third cleaning step will be described separately. In addition, the above-mentioned ordinary purification method is premised on the case where aerobic microorganisms are used.

-Normal purification method-In the first purification step, as shown in FIG. 1, the first opening / closing gate 7c of each purification unit 4, 5 is closed and the second opening / closing gate 8c is opened. The second cleaning step is performed by opening the first opening / closing gate 7c of each of the cleaning units 4 and 5 in the opposite manner to the above and closing the second opening / closing gate 8c as shown in FIG. It is done by In addition, in any of the first and second purification steps, in addition to the opening / closing setting of the opening / closing gates 7c and 8c, the opening / closing valves 18a, 18b, and 18c are opened and the water pump 19 is opened. Keep it working. In addition,
Both the blower 22 and the compressor 23 are deactivated, and the on-off valves 21a, 21b, 21c are closed.

First, when the above-mentioned first purification step (see FIGS. 1 and 2) is performed, the relatively large dust contained in the running water from the upstream of the water channel 1 is relatively reduced by the first screen 2. Are removed by the second screen 3, and the removed water receives shower-like water spray from the water spray pipe 11 ′ on the running surface, and then passes over the top end 7 a of the first weir 7 of the first purification unit 4. It will flow and enter the upper part of the water passage 15. The water that has entered the water passage 15 receives shower-like water from the water sprinkling pipe 11 again on the flowing surface thereof, and then the downstream side of the water passage 15 is blocked by the second opening / closing gate 8c in the open state. It moves downward through the water passage 15, passes through the purification material layer 9 from above, and flows down to the water passage bottom water passage portion 16. Then, the water flowing down to the water passage bottom water passage portion 16 flows through the water passage holes 8b of the second weir 8 to the upstream side of the first weir 7 of the second purification unit 5.

Then, in the second purification unit 5, the water overflows the top end 7a of the first weir 7 and enters the upper portion of the water passage 15 as in the case of the first purification unit 4. After receiving shower-like water sprinkling from the water sprinkling pipe 11, it passes through the purification material layer 9 from top to bottom, and then the second weir 8
The water flows through the water passage 8b to the upstream side of the movable weir 6 on the most downstream side, passes over the movable weir 6, and flows to the downstream side. Such a first purification process is performed until a predetermined period of time has passed.

Next, when the first opening / closing gate 7c of each of the cleaning units 4 and 5 is changed to the open state and the second opening / closing gate 8c is changed to the closed state to switch to the second cleaning step, the results are shown in FIGS. As shown, the water from which large and small dusts have been removed by the first screen 2 and the second screen 3 in the same manner as above receives the shower-like water sprinkling from the water sprinkling pipe 11 'on the running surface, and then the downstream side is in an open state. Since it is blocked by the first opening / closing gate 7c, it moves downward and moves to the first weir 7 of the first purification unit 4.
The water will enter the water channel bottom water passage portion 16 through the water passage hole 7b. Since the water passage hole 8b of the second weir 8 on the downstream side of the water channel bottom water passage portion 16 is closed by the second opening / closing gate 8c, the water that has entered the water channel bottom water passage portion 16 is a purification material layer. 9 through the water passage 15 from bottom to top,
After receiving shower-like water sprinkling from the water sprinkling pipe 11 again on the flowing water surface, the water flows over the top end 8a of the second weir 8 and flows to the upstream side of the first weir 7 of the second purification unit 5.

Then, in the second purification unit 5, the water enters the water channel bottom water passage portion 16 from the water passage hole 7b of the first weir 7 and purifies, as in the case of the first purification unit 4. After passing through the material layer 9 from below to above and receiving shower-like water spray from the water spray pipe 11, it flows over the top end 8a of the second weir 8 and flows to the upstream side of the most downstream movable weir 6, It flows over the movable weir 6 to the downstream side. The second purification process is performed until a predetermined period of time elapses, and after the predetermined period of time elapses, the first purification process is switched to again, and thereafter, the first and second cleaning processes are performed every time the predetermined period of time elapses. Alternate the purification process.

When the above first and second purification steps are alternately switched, the flow directions of the water passing through the purification material layer 9 of each purification unit 4, 5 are upward and downward with the switching. It will be reversed. Therefore, even if the factor of clogging that has passed through the second screen 3 is accumulated on the upper side of the purification material layer 9 due to the downward flow in the first purification step, the purification material layer is switched to the second purification step. The above clogging factor can be washed away by switching the flow of water to 9 upward. By continuing the second purification step, even if the clogging factor accumulates below the purification material layer 9, the clogging factor can be washed away by switching to the first purification step again. it can. As a result, it is possible to reliably prevent the purification material layer 9 from being clogged. Moreover, in the first and second purification steps described above, regardless of the flow direction,
Both of them are purified by aerobic microorganisms that propagate in the charcoal that constitutes each purification material layer 9 when the flowing water passes through each purification material layer 9. Therefore, by alternately repeating the above first and second purification steps, it is possible to achieve water purification while reliably preventing clogging of each purification material layer 9.

In each of the first and second purification steps, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the flowing water is increased before flowing into the purification material layers 9. That is, the first
In the purification process of No. 1, before entering the purification material layer 9 of the first purification unit 4, shower-like water sprinkling is applied to the flowing water surface from the upstream side sprinkling pipe 11 ′ and the sprinkling pipe 11 above the purification material layer 9, Before flowing into the purification material layer 9 of the second purification unit 5, it receives shower-like water spray from the spray pipe 11 above the purification material layer 9, and in the second purification step, the first purification Before entering the purification material layer 9 of the unit 4, it receives shower-like water spray on the flowing water surface from the upstream sprinkler pipe 11 ′, and before flowing into the purification material layer 9 of the second purification unit 5, the first purification The shower-like sprinkling is received from the sprinkling pipe 11 above the unit 4, and the air entrained by the sprinkling enters the running water, so that the amount of dissolved oxygen in the running water increases due to the supplement of oxygen by this. To do.
The increased dissolved oxygen is brought into contact with the aerobic microorganisms growing on the charcoal of the purification material layer 9 to promote the reaction and growth of the aerobic microorganisms. Particularly in the case of the first purification step, the water sprinkling is received on the flowing water surface over the almost entire range of the upper opening of the water passage 15, and the increase of the dissolved oxygen amount is in the same range as the upper surface shape of the purification material layer 9. Since it occurs in the running water portion, it is possible to efficiently promote the reaction and growth of aerobic microorganisms due to the increased dissolved oxygen.

Further, since water is sprayed onto the surface of the running water in a shower shape, dead bodies such as microorganisms ferment and the first cleaning step is performed between the first and second weirs 7 and 8. On the flowing water surface of the
The scum that has floated and drifted on the surface of the upstream of the weir 7 of No. 7 receives the above-mentioned water sprinkling, and the fermentation gas escapes from the scum and the remaining semi-solid content settles, resulting in the water channel bottom 1
It is deposited as sludge on the a or the water passage bottom water passage portion 16. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the scum from flowing down. In addition, the above shower-like watering can also eliminate bubbles on the surface of running water due to the detergent components contained in the water to be treated.

In addition, since the purification material layer 9 is unitized by a large number of charcoal and a bag-shaped container for accommodating the charcoal, the water quality due to the adsorption action of impurities in the fine voids of the charcoal as a porous material. It is suitable as a purification material and a breeding floor for microorganisms, and can be easily installed during construction or replaced during performance deterioration.

On the other hand, the degree of contamination of the water to be treated flowing from the upstream is higher than usual, or the degree of contamination is within the normal range, but there is seasonal variation of the aerobic microorganisms, so that only the above shower-like watering is possible. If the degree of increase in the amount of dissolved oxygen is insufficient, aeration is performed from one or both of the upstream diffuser pipe 12 ′ and the diffuser pipes 12 on the bottom side of both purification units 4 and 5 depending on the insufficient extent. Air for use is discharged, and oxygen is supplemented by this aeration.
This auxiliary aeration is performed by closing the open / close valve 23a and opening / closing the valve 22a.
Is opened and the blower 22 is operated. This allows
In both the first and second purification steps, first, aeration air is discharged from the upstream side diffuser pipe 12 'into the running water, and oxygen supplementation is performed in addition to oxygen supplementation by water sprinkling from the upstream side sprinkler pipe 11'. However, if this is still insufficient, then oxygen is replenished directly from the lower surface side to the purification material layer 9 by the aeration air from the bottom side diffuser pipe 12. Therefore, it is possible to effectively supplement oxygen to aerobic microorganisms depending on the situation. Note that when such aeration air is discharged into water, a large amount of bubbles may be generated on the running water surface due to the detergent components contained in the water to be treated. The bubbles can be destroyed and erased by sprinkling water from the water pipe 11.

On the contrary, when the degree of pollution of the water to be treated is lower than usual, the on-off valves 18a, 1
It suffices to close one or two of 8b and 18c to selectively stop the water spray from the three water spray pipes 11 ', 11, and 11. As a result, the power consumption can be reduced according to the degree of pollution.

In the case where the nitrogen removal treatment by the anaerobic microorganisms is performed by the above first and second purification steps,
Each of the on-off valves 18a, 18b, 18c is closed to deactivate the water pump 19, both the blower 22 and the compressor 23 are deactivated, and the on-off valve 21
The a, 21b and 21c are also closed. That is, sprinkling water from each sprinkling pipe 11 ', 11 and each sprinkling pipe 12', 12
Stop the discharge of aeration air from and stop all oxygen supplementation. By doing so, even a small amount of oxygen contained in the running water is consumed by the aerobic microorganisms and becomes an anaerobic state, which becomes a breeding condition for the anaerobic microorganisms, and denitrification due to the anaerobic reaction such as the nitrate reduction reaction by the anaerobic microorganisms. Is done. As described above, the water treatment by the aerobic microorganisms can be easily converted into the water treatment by the anaerobic microorganisms by operating the water pump 19 or the like and opening / closing the open / close valve 18a or the like.

Further, even if the purification method by alternately switching the first and second purification steps is carried out,
If the minute voids of the charcoal forming the purification material layer 9 are clogged depending on the type and the purification performance is deteriorated, the blower 22 is deactivated and the open / close valve 22 is opened.
a is closed, and the on-off valve 23a and the on-off valves 21a, 21
The compressor 23 may be operated by opening b and 21c. As a result, high-pressure air is jetted upward from the air diffusers 12 ′, 12 toward the purification material layer 9, and the jetted air cleans the charcoal in the purification material layer 9. In particular, since the cleaning efficiency is good if the direction of the jet air and the flow direction of water are reversed, the opening / closing operation of the opening / closing valve 23a for cleaning and the operation of the compressor 23 are performed in the first cleaning step. It is preferable to carry out. As a result of this cleaning, even if a clogged state occurs, the clogged state can be eliminated, and the purification action of each purification material layer 9 can be restored. Since the cleaning material layer 9 can be cleaned using the auxiliary aeration pipes and equipment (the air supply pipe 20 and the air diffuser pipe 12) as described above, special equipment for cleaning is omitted. be able to.

Further, in the event of a flood due to heavy rain or the like, water is closed by closing the first and second opening / closing gates 7c and 8c of the purification units 4 and 5, respectively, so that water is supplied to the tops 7 of the dams 7 and 8.
It will flow over a and 8a. Therefore, in preparation for such water level fluctuations, the sprinkler pipes 11 and 11 'are positioned above the planned maximum flood level.

-Sludge removal cleaning-In the water purification treatment by the above-mentioned ordinary purification method, particularly when the sludge is thickly deposited on the water channel bottom 1a and the water channel bottom water passage portion 16 on the upstream side of the first weir 7. The third purification step is performed. In this third purification step, as shown in FIG. 7, both the first and second opening / closing gates 7 of the purification units 4 and 5 are shown.
Both c and 8c and the opening / closing door 6b of the movable weir 6 on the most downstream side are opened to change the flowing direction of the flowing water. Accordingly, in each of the purification units 4 and 5, the water on the upstream side of each first weir 7 directly flows into the water channel bottom water passage portion 16 through the water passage hole 7b of the first weir 7, and then each It flows down to the downstream side through the water passage hole 8b of the second weir 8, and finally to the downstream side through the water passage hole 6a of the movable weir 6. Due to such a water flow along the water channel bottom 1a, the sludge accumulated in each of the water channel bottom water passage portions 16 is washed away, and the running water accompanied by the sludge reaches the most downstream movable weir 6 along the water channel bottom 1a. It flows down, flows through the water passage 6a of the movable weir 6 to the downstream side, and is collected. Therefore, the sludge removal process at the bottom can be easily and surely performed only by opening the opening / closing gates 7c and 8c of the respective weirs 7 and 8.

<Other Embodiments> The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but includes various other embodiments. That is, in the above embodiment,
Although the case where the water purification device of the present invention is installed in the waterway 1 which is an artificial river has been described, the present invention is not limited to this, and the water purification device of the present invention may be applied to, for example, a small or medium-sized natural river.

[0052]

As described above, according to the water purification method for a river according to the invention described in claim 1, since the first purification step and the second purification step can be switched, the purification material can be switched by the switching. The flow direction of water passing through the layer can be alternately reversed, and this reverse flow can wash out the clogging factor even if it causes a clogging factor in the purification material layer. It is possible to reliably prevent the purification material layer from being clogged with the fixing of the flow direction of the. Further, in both the first purification step and the second purification step, when running water passes through the purification material layer in the up-and-down direction, water quality can be purified by microorganisms propagated in the purification material layer. it can. Therefore, it is possible to easily and surely prevent clogging of the purification material layer while maintaining the water purification effect. And, the above first purification step,
By alternately repeating the second purification step, the water purification action of the purification material layer can be maintained for a long period of time.

According to the second aspect of the invention, in addition to the effect of the first aspect of the invention, by switching to the third purification step, sludge or the like is accumulated on the bottom of the flow path. However, the accumulated sludge and the like can be easily washed away by the flow of water along the flow path bottom. Moreover, such an effect can be obtained only by opening and closing both the opening and closing gates of the first and second weirs, thus omitting the installation of special equipment for removing the above-mentioned accumulated sludge and the great labor. be able to.

According to the invention relating to the water purification apparatus of claim 3, the water purification method of claim 1 or 2 can be surely implemented, and the purification material layer can be maintained while maintaining the water purification action. It is possible to easily and surely prevent the occurrence of the clogging.

According to the fourth aspect of the invention, in addition to the effect of the third aspect of the invention, the dissolved oxygen is increased and the purification material layer is aerated by the aeration or cleaning action of the air discharged from the air discharge pipe. It is possible to promote the reaction and proliferation of the aerobic microorganisms that propagate in the air, and to help prevent the clogged state of the porous material that constitutes the purification material layer. As a result, it is possible to further facilitate and ensure the prevention of clogging of the purification material layer.

According to the invention of claim 5, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 4, by only disposing one type of air discharge pipe, an increase in dissolved oxygen due to aeration and a purification material layer can be obtained. Both cleaning can be performed when a clogged state occurs.

According to the invention of claim 6, claims 3 to
In addition to the effect of the invention according to any one of claims 5, the first purification step or the second purification step is performed by aeration of the flowing water on the upstream side of the first weir with diffused air. Even in the state, it is possible to increase dissolved oxygen in the flowing water before passing through the purification material, and thereby to promote reaction and breeding of aerobic microorganisms in the purification material layer.

According to the invention described in claim 7, claims 3 to
In addition to the effect according to any one of claims 6 to 6, in addition to increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen in the vicinity of the flowing water surface by sprinkling water on the flowing water surface on the upstream side before passing through the purification material layer, The purification material layer can further promote the reaction and reproduction of aerobic microorganisms.

Further, according to the invention of claim 8, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 7, the water purified by passing through the purification material layer is used as water to be sprayed from the sprinkling pipe. Therefore, the sprinkling of water can further increase the dissolved oxygen.

Further, according to the invention described in claim 9, in addition to the effect according to the invention described in claim 3, since the purification material layer is composed of a large number of charcoal dispersedly housed in the net bag, It is possible to purify water quality by adsorbing impurities into the fine voids of charcoal as a quality material, and the purification material layer is housed in a mesh bag to be unitized and installation work during construction or It is possible to facilitate the replacement work of the purification material layer.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram when a first purification step is performed in a water purification device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a partially omitted cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.

4 is a partially omitted cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG.

5 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 when a second purification step is performed in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 1 in the case where sludge and the like are removed and cleaned in the embodiment of FIG. 1.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Channel (River Channel) 1a Channel Bottom (Channel Bottom) 7 First Weir 7a First Weir Top 7b Water Passage 7c First Opening Gate (Opening Gate of First Weir) 8 Second Weir 8a Top of second weir 8b Water passage hole 8c Second opening / closing gate (opening / closing gate of second weir) 9 Purification material layer 11, 11 'Sprinkler pipe 12, 12' Diffuser pipe (air discharge pipe) 17 Water supply pipe (water supply means) 19 Water pump (water supply means) 20 Air supply pipe (air supply means) 22 Blower (air supply means) 23 Compressor (air supply means)

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Munetaka Hosokawa 6-10 Takino-cho, Nishinomiya-shi, Hyogo Shinmeiwa Industrial Co., Ltd.

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A first weir having a water passage hole which is provided in the middle of a flow passage of a river and penetrates along the bottom of the flow passage, and a bottom of the flow passage which is provided at a predetermined distance downstream of the first weir. A second weir having a water passage penetrating therethrough and a plane direction between the first and second weirs at a position above the formation positions of the water passages of the first and second weirs. On the other hand, a purifying material layer made of a porous material is provided so as to spread over almost the entire area, and an opening / closing gate for opening / closing the water passage is provided in each of the first and second weirs. A method of purifying water in a river for purifying flowing water using a water purifying device, wherein the flowing water overflows from the first weir by closing an opening / closing gate of the first weir. The opening and closing gate of the second weir is opened by flowing it into the upper part of the layer and also opening the opening and closing gate of the second weir. To project upward from the second weir so as to prevent the overflow of the flowing water, and to pass the flowing water from the upper side to the lower side of the purification material layer so as to flow downstream from the water passage hole of the second weir. And a first purifying step, in which the opening / closing gate of the first weir is opened so that the opening / closing gate is projected upward from the first weir to prevent overflow and to prevent running water from flowing into the first weir. The second weir is made to flow through the purifying material layer from the bottom to the top by flowing the water through the water passage to the lower side of the purifying material layer and simultaneously closing the opening / closing gate of the second weir. And a second purification step for allowing the fluid to overflow downstream from the first purification step, and after performing either one of the first and second purification steps, switching to the other purification step. A method for purifying water in a river characterized by: 2. The river water purification method according to claim 1, wherein a pair of opening and closing gates of the first and second weirs are both opened, and the running water flows through the water passage holes of the first weir to remove the purification material. A method for purifying water quality in a river, which comprises a third purification step of flowing downward and then flowing downstream through a water passage hole of the second weir. 3. A first weir provided in the middle of a flow passage of a river and having a water passage hole penetrating along the bottom of the flow passage, and a bottom of the flow passage provided at a predetermined distance downstream of the first weir. A second weir having a water passage extending therethrough, and a plane direction between the first and second weirs at a position above the formation positions of the water passages of the first and second weirs. And a purification material layer made of a porous material arranged so as to spread over almost the entire area, and the first and second weirs are opened to open the water passage and An opening / closing gate is provided that projects upward to prevent water from overflowing from the top, closes the water passage holes in a closed state, and opens and closes to overflow water from the top of each weir. A water purification device for rivers that is characterized by being 4. The river water purification apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the air discharge pipe is disposed below the purification material layer between the first and second weirs and discharges air toward the purification material layer. A water purification apparatus for a river, characterized by being provided with an air supply means for supplying discharge air to the air discharge pipe. 5. The river water purification apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the air supply means injects the air pressure to be supplied to the air discharge pipe to the discharge pressure for aeration of the running water and the purification material layer to inject the purification material layer. A water purification apparatus for a river, characterized in that it is configured to be switchable to a discharge pressure for cleaning air. 6. The water purification apparatus for a river according to claim 3, wherein the diffuser pipe is disposed in the water upstream of the first weir and diffuses air into the running water. A water purification device for rivers, which is equipped with. 7. The river water purification apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the flowing water surface is positioned at least above the flowing water surface on the upstream side of the flowing water flowing into the purification material layer. On the other hand, a water purification apparatus for a river, which is provided with a sprinkling pipe for sprinkling water and a water supply means for supplying sprinkling water to the sprinkling pipe. 8. The water purification apparatus for a river according to claim 7, wherein the water supply means is configured to use water taken from the running water portion that has passed through the purification material layer as sprinkling water. 9. The water purification apparatus for a river according to claim 3, wherein the purification material layer is constituted by a large number of charcoal dispersedly contained in a net bag.