JPH09251005A - Abnormality monitoring system for rock, protecting wall, rock bed and so on and inserting type transducer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To detect the cracks at the initial stage of the occurrence of abnormality and to avoid the danger of disaster by performing the monitoring for the occurrence of abnormality and the investigation and the monitoring for preventive maintenance all the time regardless of weather and the like for protecting railroads, roads and the like. SOLUTION: A transmitter for generating ultrasonic waves and a receiver for receiving the ultrasonic waves are embedded into the interior of an object such as a rock. The ultrasonic wave transmitted from the transmitter 101 is propagated in the interior of the object, and the reflections from the surface, the inner cracks and the like of the object are received by the receiver. The received signals are measured at the initial installation and inputted into a database. The difference between the received signals at the arbitrary measuring (can be continuous) and the data in the database are detected. Thus, the abnormality such as the occurrence of the cracks of the object and the like is monitored.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the field of preventive maintenance technology for monitoring and predicting rockfalls, landslides, etc., and the detection technology relates to the field of ultrasonic wave application technology. Further, it relates to the field of data processing technology and data transmission technology.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Monitoring for preventive maintenance, which is carried out to protect railways, roads, etc. from falling rocks and landslides, has mainly been conducted by visual inspection. As a known example of this, there is Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 56-157862 (natural disaster detection device),
This is to monitor a place where a disaster may occur from a remote place with an optical system and detect a rock fall, a landslide, etc. as an output signal of the linear stripe photoelectric device.

Another known example is JP-A-03-21.
The 1700 (Automatic landslide monitoring device) automatically detects landslides using a television camera or other image processing device, and sends an alarm signal and image data to a central device in a remote location, so that It enables 24-hour monitoring without humans.

There is also a method of tensioning the wire and monitoring the tension of the wire to detect the occurrence of an abnormality.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-72622 (a device for predicting the occurrence of rockfall accidents due to a bag body) is a technique for predicting the occurrence of rockfalls or landslides by utilizing the change in the internal pressure of the bag body that occurs when a rockfall collides with the bag body. is there.

[0006] In all of these known examples, rather than predicting rockfalls and landslides, rather than detecting relatively large changes in the initial stage when the abnormality occurs, prevention is often delayed. There is a fear of not. That is, it is impossible to monitor and detect minute changes.

[0007]

In order to protect railways and roads from disasters such as rockfalls and landslides, it is very important to monitor the occurrence of abnormalities and to investigate and monitor for preventive maintenance. This applies not only to railways and roads, but also to other general dangerous areas. The problem to be solved by the present invention is to constantly detect these cracks at the initial stage of abnormality occurrence without being affected by weather, particularly rainfall, snowfall, fog, temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure. It is to avoid the danger of disaster.

[0008]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a transmitter for generating an ultrasonic wave and a receiver for receiving an ultrasonic wave are embedded inside an object, and the ultrasonic wave transmitted from this transmitter is covered. The wave is propagated inside the object and the reflection from the surface of the object and the internal crack is received by the wave receiver. This received signal is measured at the time of initial installation and stored in a database, and the difference between the received signal at any measurement (continuously possible) and the database is detected to monitor changes in the object such as cracks.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of transmitters for generating ultrasonic waves and receivers for receiving ultrasonic waves are embedded inside the object, and the ultrasonic waves transmitted from these transmitters are transmitted to the object. The plurality of wave receivers propagate reflections from the surface of the object, internal cracks, and the like that propagate inside. By performing holographic processing or the like on this received signal, the internal structure of the object is displayed. This is measured at any time (continuously possible) to detect changes in the internal structure, thereby monitoring changes such as crack generation in the object.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a wave receiver for receiving ultrasonic waves is embedded inside the object, and the wave signal is received by the wave receiver. By performing signal processing such as filter processing, sound pressure level analysis, and frequency analysis on the received signal, crack generation sound in the object is detected, and changes such as crack generation in the object are monitored.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a plurality of wave receivers for receiving ultrasonic waves are embedded inside the object, and the wave signals are received by the wave receivers. By performing signal processing such as beam forming processing, filter processing, sound pressure level analysis and frequency analysis on the plurality of received signals, the crack generation sound in the object is detected and the crack generation location is specified.
Monitor for changes such as cracks in the object.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the detection signals of the first to fourth aspects are transmitted to a remote monitoring station, the detection signals are stored in a database within the monitoring station, and past data and latest data are correlated by a database and signal processing. Etc., and continuously monitor changes over time to monitor changes such as cracking of the object.

A sixth aspect is the same as the first or second aspect,
By selecting the frequency at which the propagation characteristics and signal processing gain of the object are optimal, changes in the object such as cracks are monitored with high sensitivity.

[0016] Claim 7 is the same as claim 3 or 4,
By selecting the frequency at which the propagation characteristics and signal processing gain of the object are optimal, changes in the object such as cracks are monitored with high sensitivity.

An eighth aspect is the same as the first, second and fifth aspects.
By accumulating a plurality of past signals, noise components are suppressed and highly accurate correlation is obtained.

Claims 9 and 10 are claims 1, 2, 3, and 4.
The ultrasonic signal is detected by acoustically adhering the transducer to the object.

The wave transmitter according to the first and second aspects is embedded in a hole formed in the object so as to be fixed so as to maintain close contact with the object for vibration transmission, and to generate ultrasonic vibration.

According to the first and second aspects of the invention, the wave receiver is embedded in a hole formed in an object so as to be fixed so as to keep the vibration transmission in close contact with the object, and receives ultrasonic vibration.

In the change detection of the received signal according to the first aspect, the past received signal and the present received signal are compared by correlation or the like, and the time change of the signal is detected.

In the image reproducing process of claim 2, the aperture synthesis is performed by processing a plurality of transmission signals and a plurality of reception signals.
The internal structure of the object is displayed by a known structure such as beam synthesis or holography. This display can be three-dimensional.

According to the third and fourth aspects of the invention, the wave receiver is embedded in a hole formed in the object so as to be fixed so as to maintain close contact with the object for vibration transmission, and receives ultrasonic vibration.

The detection of the crack sound according to claims 3 and 4 detects the instantaneous sound when the crack is generated in the object. However, a filtering process is performed so that a sound passing a train in the vicinity is not detected as an abnormality.

In the data transmission of claim 5, the detected sound is sent to the monitoring station via a wireless or wired transmission path, and
Control instructions from the monitoring station are sent to the system of claims 1-4.

The database of claim 5 manages the detected signals in time series and continuously monitors the secular change.

With respect to the ultrasonic frequencies of claims 6 and 7, by selecting a frequency at which the propagation characteristics and the signal processing gain of the object are optimized, the sensitivity can be comprehensively improved.

The cumulative addition of claim 8 suppresses the noise component by cumulatively using a plurality of past signals.

According to the transducer fixing method of the ninth and tenth aspects, the transducer is mechanically and acoustically brought into close contact with the object.

[0028]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment in which claims 1 and 6 are combined is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, a cylindrical hole is formed in the rock, and the abnormal monitoring of the rock, the protective wall, the bedrock, etc., in which the wave transmitter / receiver (sensor having both functions of the wave transmitter and the wave receiver) is fixed in the back of the hole Shows the system. In addition, the hole drilled in the rock is
Depending on the surrounding environment, take measures to block the entrance or pour in the filling material. Transmitter 101, 1 kHz to 1 MHz
The ultrasonic transmission signal 102 is generated, and the transmission / reception device 104 converts the transmission signal into transmission ultrasonic vibration through the transmission signal cable 103 and propagates inside the rock. The propagated ultrasonic vibration reverberates due to the surface of the rock, cracks, etc., and returns to the transducer 104 as received ultrasonic vibration peculiar to the rock.
The transmitter / receiver 104 converts the received ultrasonic vibration into a received signal 105, and the received signal is received by the receiver 107 through the receiving cable 106. Here, the received signal 105 has a unique waveform as long as there is no change such as a crack inside or outside the rock, and thus is stored in the correlator 108 as a correlated waveform at the time of initial installation. The temperature and humidity sensor 111 measures the temperature and humidity inside the rock, and the sound velocity correction processor 112 corrects the received signal 105. The correlator 108 corrects the latest received signal 105 by the sound velocity correction processor 112 and then correlates it with the correlation waveform, and the correlation value indicates the size and shape of the rock,
By comparing with the judgment standard determined by the material, etc., when exceeding the standard value, it is detected that an emergency situation such as cracking has occurred in the rock, and it is displayed on the display 109 and an alarm signal 110 is generated. . This makes it possible to monitor the occurrence of cracks. Note that the correlator 108 can be substituted for the difference detection instead of the correlation processing.

FIG. 7 shows an application example of claim 1. In the present embodiment, an abnormality monitoring system for a rock, a protective wall, a bedrock, etc., in which a cylindrical hole is formed in rock, a wave transmitter is fixed inside the hole, and a wave receiver is fixed around the rock, is shown. In addition, depending on the surrounding environment, the hole formed in the rock should be closed or the filling material should be poured. 1kHz for transmitter 701
An ultrasonic transmission signal 702 of z to 1 MHz is generated, and the transmission signal is converted through a transmission signal cable 703 into a transmission ultrasonic vibration by a wave transmitter 704 and propagated inside the rock. The propagated ultrasonic vibration propagates inside the rock and reaches the wave receivers 705, 706, 707 as received ultrasonic vibration peculiar to the rock. The wave receivers 705, 706, 707 convert the received ultrasonic vibrations into reception signals 708, 709, 710, and the reception signals 711, 712, 713 are received by the receiver 714. Here, the received signals 708, 709, 710
As long as there is no change such as cracks inside or outside the rock, the waveform will be unique, so the correlator 7
It is stored in 15. Further, the temperature and humidity sensor 718 measures the temperature and humidity inside the rock, and the sound velocity correction processor 71
9, the received signals 708, 709, 710 are corrected. The correlator 715 receives the latest received signals 708, 709,
After 710 is corrected by the sound velocity correction processor 719, the correlation with the correlation waveform is obtained, and the correlation value indicates the size and shape of the rock,
Compared with the judgment standard determined by the material, etc., when exceeding the standard value, it detects that an emergency situation such as cracking has occurred in the rock, displays it on the display 716, and issues an alarm signal 717. . This makes it possible to monitor the occurrence of cracks. Note that the correlator 715 can also be used in place of the correlation process for difference detection.

An embodiment in which claims 2 and 6 are combined is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, three cylindrical holes are formed in the rock, and a rock, a protective wall, and a rock bed each having a transducer (a sensor having both functions of the wave transmitter and the wave receiver) fixed in the back of each hole. An abnormality monitoring system is shown. In addition, depending on the surrounding environment, the hole formed in the rock should be closed or the filling material should be poured. 1 kHz to 1 at the transmitter 201
The ultrasonic transmission signals 202, 203, 204 of MHz are generated, and the transmission signals are transmitted through the transmission signal cables 205, 206, 207 by the transducers 208, 209, 210 (arranged so as not to be aligned in a straight line). It is converted into ultrasonic vibration and propagated inside the rock. The propagated ultrasonic vibration reverberates due to the rock surface, cracks, and the like, and returns to the transducers 208, 209, and 210 as received ultrasonic vibration peculiar to the rock. The transducers 208, 209, 210 convert the received ultrasonic vibrations into reception signals 211, 212, 213, which are received by the receiver 217 through the reception cables 214, 215, 216. Further, the temperature and humidity sensor 222 measures the temperature and humidity inside the rock, and the sound velocity correction processor 223 measures
The received signals 211, 212, 213 are corrected. here,
The corrected reception signals 211, 212 and 213 are the transmission signals 2
02, 203, 204 waveforms and transceivers 208, 20
The image reproduction processor 218 converts the shape and internal structure of the rock into image data according to the positional relationship of 9 and 210. The image data is displayed as an internal image of the object on the display device 219, and the operator can monitor the occurrence of cracks. Here, since the internal image of the object is unique data as long as there is no change such as cracks inside or outside the rock, it is stored in the correlator 220 as correlation data at the time of initial installation. Correlator 220
Is the correlation between the correlation data and the latest image data, and the correlation value is compared with the judgment criteria defined by the size, shape, material, etc. of the rock, and if the reference value is exceeded, cracks occur in the rock, etc. The alarm signal 22
Generates 1. This makes it possible to monitor the occurrence of cracks. Note that the correlator 220 may be replaced with a difference detection instead of the correlation processing.

An embodiment in which claims 3 and 7 are combined is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, an abnormality monitoring system for a rock, a protection wall, a bedrock, etc., in which a cylindrical hole is formed in rock and a wave receiver is fixed at the back of the hole, is shown. In addition, the hole drilled in the rock is
Depending on the surrounding environment, take measures to block the entrance or pour in the filling material. The crack sound generated when a crack or the like occurs in the rock becomes ultrasonic vibration and propagates inside the rock. This is received by the receiver 301 and converted into a reception signal 302,
It is received by the receiver 304 through the reception cable 303. The filter 305 emphasizes the low frequency component of 1 kHz or less, removes sounds other than crack sound, and detects the crack sound detector 30.
A crack sound is detected at 6. The crack sound is the size of the rock,
It compares with the judgment standard defined by the shape, material, etc., and when exceeding the standard value, it detects that an emergency situation such as a crack has occurred, and issues an alarm signal 307. This makes it possible to monitor the occurrence of cracks. Further, by configuring the characteristics of the filter 305 to emphasize the sound of passing trains, it is possible to apply to monitoring of passing trains and the like.

As an application of the above, by installing FIG. 3 (a configuration in which the characteristics of the filter 305 emphasize the train passing sound) at two or more distant places and analyzing the train passing sound,
It can be applied to monitoring train passage and measuring train moving speed. Further, by comparatively analyzing train passing sounds at two or more places, it becomes possible to analyze rock characteristics and surrounding rock mass.

An application example of claim 3 is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, an abnormality monitoring system for a rock, a protective wall, a bedrock, etc., in which a cylindrical hole is formed in rock, a wave receiver is fixed inside the hole, and a wave transmitter is fixed around the rock, is shown. In addition, depending on the surrounding environment, the hole formed in the rock should be closed or the filling material should be poured. 1kH at transmitter 801
Ultrasonic transmission signals 802, 803, 804 of z to 1 MHz
And transmit signal cables 805, 806, 807
Through the wave transmitters 808, 809, and 810, the transmission signals are converted into transmission ultrasonic vibrations and propagated inside the rock. The propagated ultrasonic vibration propagates inside the rock and reaches the wave receiver 811 as received ultrasonic vibration peculiar to the rock. Receiver 81
1 converts the received ultrasonic vibration into a received signal 812, which is received by the receiver 814 through the receiving cable 813. Here, the received signal 812 has a unique waveform as long as there is no change such as a crack inside or outside the rock, so it is stored in the correlator 815 as a correlated waveform at the time of initial installation. Correlator 8
Reference numeral 15 shows the correlation between the latest received signal 812 and the correlation waveform, compares the correlation value with the determination criteria determined by the size, shape, material, etc. of the rock, and if the reference value is exceeded, the rock is detected. It detects that an emergency such as a crack has occurred, displays it on the display 816, and issues an alarm signal 817. This makes it possible to monitor the occurrence of cracks. Note that the correlator 815 can be used instead of the correlation process for difference detection.

An embodiment in which claims 4 and 7 are combined is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, an abnormality monitoring system is shown in which three cylindrical holes are formed in rock and a wave receiver is fixed in the back of each hole, rock, protective wall, bedrock and the like. In addition, depending on the surrounding environment, the hole formed in the rock should be closed or the filling material should be poured. The crack sound generated when a crack or the like occurs in the rock becomes ultrasonic vibration and propagates inside the rock. This is received by the wave receivers 401, 402, 403, converted into received signals 404, 405, 406, and received by the receiver 410 through the receiving cables 407, 408, 409.
Is received. A low-frequency component of 1 kHz or less is emphasized by a filter 411, sounds other than crack sounds are removed, and a crack sound detector 412 detects crack sounds. When a crack sound is detected, the position determiner 41 determines from the time relationship between the received signals.
The crack generation point is calculated in 3, and the crack sound is compared with the judgment standard defined by the size, shape, material, etc. of the rock, and when exceeding the standard value, an alarm signal 414 is generated,
The crack occurrence location is displayed on the display 415. This makes it possible to monitor the occurrence of cracks. In addition, the filter 41
By adopting a configuration in which the characteristic of No. 1 emphasizes train passing sounds, it becomes possible to apply to monitoring train passing, measuring train moving speed, and the like.

Claim 1, claim 5, claim 6, and claim 8
An example in which the above is combined is shown in FIG. In addition to the embodiment of claim 1, this embodiment takes a data link by radio with a remote monitoring station, and continuously monitors the secular change by a database at the monitoring station. Anomalies such as rocks, protective walls, and bedrock. A monitoring system is shown, which can likewise be carried out in the embodiments of claims 2-4. The signal received by the receiver 107 is sent by the data link radio (1) 501 to the data link radio (2) 502 at the monitoring station. This data is stored in the database 503 as secular change data. The result of noise removal by cumulatively adding the past data part from this database is transferred to the correlator 504. Correlator 50
Reference numeral 4 correlates the latest received data with the cumulative result of the database 503. The correlation value is the size, shape, and
Compared with the judgment criteria determined by the material, etc., if exceeding the reference value, it is detected that an emergency situation such as the occurrence of cracks in the rock has occurred, and it is displayed on the display 505 and the alarm signal 50
6 is generated. This makes it possible to monitor the occurrence of cracks in a time series and centrally monitor a plurality of rocks at one place. Note that the correlator 504 can be substituted for the difference detection instead of the correlation processing.

An embodiment of claim 9 is shown in FIG. The present embodiment is a method of bringing a transducer into close contact with a cylindrical hole formed in rock and is an installation method for detecting a longitudinal wave. FIG.
Then, by moving the close contact adjusting unit 602 attached to the frame 601, the sensor unit (transceiver or receiver) 603,
The support portions 607, 608, 609, 610 are adjusted so that 604 closely contacts the rock surfaces 605, 606. By adjusting these, the sensor unit 603 and the sensor unit 604 are
Since the distance can be changed, the sensor portions 603 and 604 can be brought into close contact with the rock surfaces 605 and 606 even if the diameter of the hole changes. In addition, soft materials 615, 6
16, the degree of adhesion between the transducer and the wall surface is enhanced, and the ultrasonic signal is efficiently transmitted to the sensor units 603 and 604.
Transmitted signals to and from the sensor units 603 and 604 are received by signal lines 611 and 612, respectively, and amplified by an amplifier 613.
Via the cable to the cable 614.

An embodiment of claim 10 is shown in FIG. The present embodiment is an installation method for detecting a transverse wave by installing a wave transmitter / receiver in a cylindrical hole formed in rock. In FIG. 9, the tips of the frames 901 and 902 are brought into close contact with the holes perpendicularly, and ultrasonic vibration is transmitted through the frames 901 and 902 to the ultrasonic transducer 90.
3 Since the transverse wave vibrates the frames 901 and 902 in the vertical direction, the vibration vertically enters the transducer 903 and ultrasonic vibration can be converted into an electric signal.

[0038]

By the technique provided by the present invention, it is possible to constantly monitor for abnormalities such as the occurrence of cracks in rocks, and to detect disasters such as rockfalls and landslides by early detection of the occurrence of such cracks. Can be realized. Further, it is possible to constantly monitor without depending on weather conditions such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind force, fog, and rain.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an embodiment in which claims 1 and 6 are combined.

FIG. 2 is an embodiment in which claims 2 and 6 are combined.

FIG. 3 is an embodiment in which claims 3 and 7 are combined.

FIG. 4 is an embodiment in which claims 4 and 7 are combined.

FIG. 5 is an embodiment in which claim 1, claim 5, claim 6, and claim 8 are combined.

FIG. 6 is an embodiment of claim 9;

FIG. 7 is an embodiment to which claim 1 is applied.

FIG. 8 is an embodiment to which claim 3 is applied.

FIG. 9 is an embodiment of claim 10.

[Explanation of symbols]

101 ... Transmitter, 102 ... Transmission signal, 103 ... Transmission signal cable, 104 ... Transceiver, 105 ... Reception signal, 10
6 ... Receiving cable 107 ... Receiver, 108 ... Correlator, 1
09 ... Display device, 110 ... Warning signal, 111 ... Temperature / humidity sensor, 112 ... Sound velocity corrector 201 ... Transmitter, 202, 203, 204 ... Transmission signal,
205, 206, 207 ... Transmission signal cable, 208,
209, 210 ... Transducers, 211, 212, 213 ...
Reception signal, 214, 215, 216 ... Reception cable, 2
Reference numeral 17 ... Receiver, 218 ... Image reproduction processor, 219 ... Display, 220 ... Correlator, 221 ... Warning signal, 222 ... Temperature / humidity sensor, 223 ... Sonic velocity corrector 301 ... Wave receiver, 302 ... Received signal, 303 ... reception cable, 304 ... receiver, 305 ... filter, 306 ... crack sound detector, 307 ... alarm signal 401, 402, 403 ... wave receiver, 404, 405, 4
06 ... reception signal, 407, 408, 409 ... reception cable, 410 ... receiver, 411 ... filter, 412 ... crack sound detector, 413 ... position determination device, 414 ... alarm signal, 4
15 ... Indicator 501 ... Data link radio (1), 502 ... Data link radio (2), 503 ... Database, 504 ... Correlator, 505 ... Indicator, 506 ... Warning signal 601, ... Frame, 602 ... Adhesion adjustment Part, 603, 60
4 ... Sensor part, 605, 606 ... Rock surface, 607, 60
8, 609, 610 ... Supporting portion, 611, 612 ... Signal line, 613 ... Amplifier, 614 ... Cable, 615, 61
6 ... Soft material 701 ... Transmitter, 702 ... Transmission signal, 703 ... Transmission signal cable, 704 ... Wave transmitter, 705, 706, 707 ...
Receiver, 708, 709, 710 ... Received signal, 711,
712, 713 ... Receiving cable, 714 ... Receiver, 71
5 ... Correlator, 716 ... Indicator, 717 ... Warning signal, 71
8 ... Temperature / humidity sensor, 719 ... Sound velocity corrector 801, Transmitter, 802, 803, 804 ... Transmission signal,
805, 806, 807 ... Transmission signal cable, 808,
809, 810 ... Wave transmitter, 811 Wave receiver, 812 ... Received signal, 813 ... Received signal cable, 814 ... Receiver, 8
15 ... Correlator, 816 ... Indicator, 817 ... Warning signal 901, 902 ... Message, 903 ... Transceiver

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Susumu Hibi 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Hitachi Information Technology Division (72) Inventor Akihisa Fukami 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Hitachi, Ltd. Information & Communication Division (72) Inventor Toshihiro Shinho 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Hitachi, Ltd. Information & Communication Division

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A system for monitoring an abnormality of an object to be monitored (rock, protective wall, bedrock, etc.), and an ultrasonic transmitter for generating an ultrasonic wave below the surface of the object and a reception for receiving the ultrasonic wave. Has a configuration for receiving the ultrasonic wave reflected in the object and a configuration for storing the received signal, and monitors the crack of the object by detecting a change in the received signal. Rocks, protective walls, characterized by
Anomaly monitoring system for bedrock. 2. A system for monitoring cracks in an object to be monitored (rocks, protective walls, bedrock, etc.), and an ultrasonic transmitter for generating ultrasonic waves below the surface of the object and a receiver for receiving the ultrasonic wave. By embedding multiple containers in a layout that does not line up in a straight line and performing image reproduction processing, by displaying the shape and internal structure of the object by the image reproduction processing, cracks etc. of the object Anomaly monitoring system for rocks, protective walls, bedrock, etc. 3. A system for monitoring cracks in an object to be monitored (rock, protective wall, bedrock, etc.), which comprises a receiver below the surface of the object for receiving ultrasonic waves generated by the object. An abnormality monitoring system for rocks, protective walls, bedrock, etc., which is characterized by embedding and detecting the generated ultrasonic waves to monitor the occurrence of cracks in the target object. 4. A system for monitoring cracks in an object to be monitored (rocks, protective walls, bedrock, etc.), wherein a plurality of receivers for receiving ultrasonic waves generated by the object are provided below the surface of the object. An abnormality monitoring system for rocks, protective walls, bedrock, etc., which is characterized by embedding and detecting the generated ultrasonic waves with a plurality of receivers to monitor the occurrence and position of cracks and the like in the object. 5. A system for transmitting a signal detected by any one of claims 1, 2, 3 and 4 to a remote monitoring station to monitor cracks, and converting the detected signal into a database.
Anomaly monitoring system for rocks, protective walls, bedrock, etc., which is characterized by continuously monitoring the secular change of past data and latest data. 6. An abnormality monitoring system for rocks, protective walls, bedrock, etc., characterized in that the frequency of ultrasonic waves according to claim 1 or 2 is 1 kHz to 1 MHz. 7. A rock, a protective wall, wherein the frequency of ultrasonic waves according to claim 3 or 4 is 1 kHz or less.
Anomaly monitoring system for bedrock. 8. The abnormality monitoring of rock, protective wall, bedrock, etc. according to claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the signal to be compared is a signal obtained by adding up a plurality of past signals. system. 9. A transducer for embedding an ultrasonic wave transmitter for generating ultrasonic waves or a receiver for receiving the ultrasonic wave under the surface of an object (rock, protective wall, bedrock, etc.), which has a hole formed in the object. An insertion type transducer for longitudinal wave detection, which has a mechanical structure for tightly adhering a transducer to a wall surface and a structure for acoustically adhering a soft material between the transducer and the wall surface. 10. An ultrasonic transmitter for generating an ultrasonic wave or a transducer for receiving the ultrasonic wave, which generates an ultrasonic wave under the surface of an object (rock, protective wall, bedrock, etc.), is provided with ultrasonic vibration of the object. , A transversal wave detection insertion type transducer having a structure for transmitting to a transducer through an arm that is in contact with or fixed to a wall surface of a hole formed in an object.