JPH09241672A - Hard stock and production of hard stock-containing plastic oil and fat composition - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a hard stock capable of providing a margarine not causing the oozing of a liquid even at a high temperature, suppressing the occurrence of graining, excellent in melt in the mouth and spread at a low temperature by a specific method. SOLUTION: A mixed oil of (A) 5-15wt.% of a liquid oil (e.g. a colza oil or a soybean oil having a high content of a polyfunctional unsaturated fatty acid residue), (B) oils and fats derived from a palm oil (preferably a one containing 40-70wt.% of a palmitic acid residue) and (C) laurin-based oils and fats (preferably ones containing 35-55wt.% of a lauric acid residue) is nonselectively transesterified. The reaction is carried out, for example, by using a catalyst such as sodium methylate. The amount of the component B blended is preferably 60-70wt.% and that of the component C is preferably 20-35wt.%. The preferable fatty acid composition of the hard stock is 50-60wt.% of a >=6C saturated fatty acid residue, in which the amount of a palmitic acid residue is 40-50wt.%, 10-22wt.% of a >=12C saturated fatty acid residue and 6-10wt.% of a >=18C polyfunctional unsaturated fatty acid residue.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a hard stock and a method for producing a hard stock-containing plastic oil / fat composition.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, in order to produce table margarine for household use and fat spread, as a fat and oil mixture thereof, a high melting point portion (melting point 40 to 45 ° C.) and an intermediate melting point portion (melting point 30 to 37 ° C.) are used.
C.) and a low melting point portion (oil and fat that is liquid at room temperature), and three types of hardness and fat are mixed and used. Of these three types of fats and oils, the high-melting point part is called the hard stock, which is important for the physical properties of margarine and fat spreads. It is a low-temperature spreadability, a high-temperature liquid oil stain, a mouth-melting property, and a graining property. Be greatly involved in.

Hardened oil obtained as a result of hydrogenating liquid oil is mostly used as the oil and fat as the hard stock, but margarine and spread that satisfy all the physical properties throughout the year in regions where climate changes greatly in four seasons are used. No hard stock has been developed that can be manufactured.

Recently, there has been proposed a spread using a fractionated oil obtained by fractionating non-selective transesterification of an oil / fat derived from palm oil, a lauric oil / fat, and a liquid oil (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-242242). No. 60-27337), such non-selective transesterification-fractionated fats and oils do not have the resistance to the spotting of liquid oil required in the summer in regions with large climate change and are required in regions with large climate change. It has no temperature resistance.

[0005]

As described above, according to the prior art, the stain resistance of the liquid oil by leaving it in a place where the room temperature is high, the good spreadability and the meltability in the mouth immediately after taking out from the refrigerator, and the high temperature and the low temperature. There is no hard stock that can produce margarine or fat spread that has resistance to graining due to the cycle of
Today, there is a demand for hard stock that positively affects the physical properties of such margarines and fat spreads.

The present inventor has conducted extensive studies in view of such circumstances, and as a result, by carrying out non-selective transesterification of a blended oil of a specific proportion of liquid oil and palm oil-derived fats and oils and lauric fats and oils, particularly sodium By randomly dispersing the fatty acid residues of the blended oil in the triglyceride with a metal catalyst such as methylate, it was found that a hard stock having a favorable effect on the above-mentioned physical properties can be obtained, and the present invention was completed. It was

[0007]

That is, the present invention is a hard stock characterized by non-selective transesterification of a blended oil of 5 to 15% by weight of liquid oil with palm oil-derived fats and oils and lauric fats and oils. And a method for producing a plastic oil / fat composition characterized by mixing and using the hard stock and an oil / fat having a melting point of 30 to 37 ° C. and a liquid oil. In the following description, "%" and "parts" mean% by weight and parts by weight, unless otherwise specified.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The liquid oil used in the production of the hard stock in the present invention has many polyunsaturated fatty acid residues, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, rice bran oil, Examples thereof include corn oil, safflower oil, kapok oil, sesame oil, evening primrose, and the like, alone or in combination, and any of these may be used.

The amount of the liquid oil used is 5 to 15% of the total amount of the blended oil as a hard stock. If the amount of the liquid oil is too small, the spreadability at low temperature becomes poor, and if it is too large, the separation of the liquid oil at high temperature, Grain resistance is poor.

Further, the oil and fat derived from palm oil is an oil and fat containing 35% or more, preferably 40 to 70% of palmitic acid residues, and palm oil itself or a fractionated oil obtained by fractionating the palm oil, Alternatively, any of those hardened oils may be used. Further, the lauric oil and fat is an oil and fat containing 35% or more, preferably 35 to 55% of lauric acid residues, and palm oil, palm kernel oil itself or a fractionated oil obtained by fractionating the same, or those Any of the above hardened oils may be used.

It is preferable to mix the above-mentioned fats and oils originating from palm oil in a proportion of 60 to 70% and lauric fats and oils in a proportion of 20 to 35% to prepare a compounded oil as a hard stock. If the amount of palm oil-derived fats and oils is too small, the spreadability at low temperatures will decrease,
Graining tends to occur, and if too much, melting in the mouth tends to deteriorate. When the amount of lauric oil and fat is less than the above range, melting in the mouth tends to be poor, and when it is too large, spreadability and graining resistance at low temperatures tend to deteriorate. In addition, since fats and oils derived from palm oil and lauric fats and oils, fractionated oils having different fatty acid compositions may be obtained depending on the fractionation method and fractionation conditions,
Finally, it is preferable to judge by the composition of fatty acid residues.

The preferred fatty acid composition of hard stock is
50 to 60% of saturated fatty acid residues having 16 or more carbon atoms, of which 30 to 50% of palmitic acid residues are preferred, and 40 to 50% in particular
%, Saturated fatty acid residues having 12 carbon atoms are 10 to 22%, and polyunsaturated fatty acid residues having 18 or more carbon atoms are 6 to 10%. If the fatty acid composition deviates from the above ranges, the desired physical properties of margarine or fat spread produced using the hard stock tend to be unobtainable.

The hard stock can be obtained by a known non-selective transesterification method using a metal catalyst such as sodium methylate, and the obtained non-selective transesterified oil can be directly used as the hard stock. Emulsifiers such as glycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, and lecithin may be appropriately added.

The hard stock thus obtained is used to produce a plastic oil / fat composition such as household margarine or fat spread by mixing and using the oil / fat with a melting point of 30 to 37 ° C. and a liquid oil. can do. As the middle-melting point oil and fat having a melting point of 30 to 37 ° C, hydrogenated oil which is generally used, selective or non-selective transesterified oil or fractionated oil thereof can be used, but palm oil or its fractionated It is preferable to use oil in combination.

As the liquid oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, rice bran oil, corn oil, safflower oil, kapok oil, which have been exemplified as the liquid oils used for the production of hard stock, Examples thereof include sesame oil, evening primrose and the like, alone or in combination, and any of these may be used.

To produce a plastic oil / fat composition, the above hard stock is mixed in an amount of 10 to 30%, a melting point of 30 to 37 ° C., a middle melting point oil and fat of 20 to 40%, and a liquid oil of 40 to 70%. Can be manufactured by kneading and kneading according to a conventional method. If the mixing ratio of the hard stock is less than the above range, the resistance to bleeding of the liquid oil at high temperature tends to deteriorate, and if it is too large, the spreadability at low temperature and the solubility in the mouth tend to deteriorate. Further, when the melting point 30 to 37 ° C. mid-melting point oil and fat is too small, spreadability at low temperature and meltability in the mouth tend to be poor, and when too high, liquid oil stain exudation resistance at high temperature tends to be poor. . Furthermore, if there is too little liquid oil, the spreadability at low temperatures tends to deteriorate,
If the amount is too large, the resistance to exudation of liquid oil at high temperatures tends to deteriorate.

The hard stock of the present invention is extremely inexpensive because it can be used without fractionating the non-selective transesterified oil and fat, and the plastic oil and fat composition produced by using the hard stock is high in temperature. The liquid oil has no stains, the occurrence of graining is suppressed, it melts in the mouth, and exhibits good physical properties in spreadability at low temperatures, but above all, it has excellent heat resistance and graining resistance.

[0018]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the examples, parts and% mean weight basis.

Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 Preparation of Hard Stock 60 parts of palm stearin (iodine value 33), extremely hardened coconut oil 25
Parts, 10 parts of extremely hardened palm oil and 5 parts of soybean oil were mixed, and non-selective transesterification was carried out using sodium methylate as a catalyst, followed by washing with water, dehydration and purification to obtain a hard stock having a melting point of 42 ° C. It was

The above hard stock is composed of 52% saturated fatty acid residues having 16 or more carbon atoms, 12% saturated fatty acid residues having 12 carbon atoms and polyunsaturated fatty acid residues having 18 or more carbon atoms. The group was 6%.

Preparation of Plastic Oil / Fat Composition (Fat Spread) Intermediate melting point part (melting point 34 ° C.) obtained by mixing 65 parts of palm oil, 32 parts of soybean oil, 3 parts of hyacinth rapeseed oil and 3 parts of extremely hardened oil ), And the hard stock prepared above,
Palm oil and soybean oil were blended in the ratios shown below, and a fat spread was produced by a conventional method using a combinator. Further, as a fat and oil for comparison, soybean hydrogenated oil (melting point 42 ° C.) whose melting point and SFC were adjusted so as to approximate to hard stock was similarly used. As the emulsifier, 0.3% of each of stearic acid monoglyceride and lecithin was added.

Fat spread (oil and fat content 70%) Oil and fat blend Example 1 Comparative Example 1 ──────────────────────────────── ───── Hard stock (melting point 42 ℃) 25 ── Hardened soybean oil (melting point 42 ℃) ── 25 Middle melting point transesterified oil (melting point 34 ℃) 15 15 Palm oil (melting point 37 ℃) 10 10 Soybean oil 50 50 ─────────────────────────────────────

The following shows the stain spread test of liquid oil at 30 ° C. of fat spread. The figures show the height of the liquid oil that was cut out after cutting the fat spread into 40 mm x 40 mm x 40 mm, put it in a plastic container, and left it at 30 ° C overnight.

Liquid oil stain test at 30 ° C. Liquid oil stain amount Shape retention ────────────────────────────── ─────── Example 1 1 mm No change Comparative Example 1 21 mm Lower part collapses ─────────────────────────────── ──────

From the above results, the fat spread produced using the hard stock of the present invention of Example 1 showed good heat resistance. On the other hand, melting point, SF
The fat spread using hydrogenated soybean oil having a C value close to that of C had remarkably poor heat resistance at 30 ° C. The hardness of these fat spreads at each temperature by a rheometer is shown below.

Rheometer measurement * 5 ° C. 10 ° C. 20 ° C. ────────────────────────────── Example 1 870 480 140 Comparative Example 1 900 500 100 ────────────────────────────── * Fudo Industry Co., Ltd., unit: g / 0. 785 cm2

As shown in the above results, the fat spread of Example 1 had good spreadability at low temperature, although the hardness was comparable to that of Comparative Example 1.

Next, the results of the panel test of melting in the mouth will be shown. The test was carried out by 20 panelists by the three-point comparison method. As a result, 3 people were able to discriminate between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and the other 17 persons were indistinguishable. In addition, regarding the 3 persons who were discriminated, 2 persons were found to be better in Example 1, and no difference was observed in the melting of the mouth in both cases.

From the above results, the fat spread obtained in Example 1 has good spreadability at low temperature, good heat resistance at high temperature, and good physical properties that do not inhibit melting in the mouth. It was Further, the occurrence of graining was clearly observed in Comparative Example 1 after storage at 5 ° C. for 4 months, whereas in Example 1, no occurrence was observed even after storage for 6 months.

Examples 2 to 3 and Comparative Examples 2 to 4 Preparation of Hard Stock Hard stock was prepared by the following formulation. Combination 2 Actual 3 Ratio 2 Ratio 3 Ratio 4 ──────────────────────────────────── Palm stearin 50 50 60 30 30 30 Extremely hardened palm oil 30 30 30 30 50 30 Extremely hardened palm oil 15 10 10 15 15 25 Soybean oil 5 10 ── 5 5 15 ──────────────────── ───────────────── ・ C16 or higher saturated fatty acid residues 51 47 54 45 52 ・ C12 saturated fatty acid residues 14 14 14 24 14 ・ C18 or higher polyunsaturated Acid residue 6 9 3 5 11 ─────────────────────────────────────

Preparation of Plastic Oil / Fat Composition (Fat Spread) A fat spread was produced in the following mixing ratio in the same manner as in the previous example. Dispersion ──────────────────────────────────── Hard stock 25 Mid-melting point transesterified oil (melting point 34 15 ° C.) 15 Palm oil (melting point 37 ° C.) 10 Soybean oil 50 ──────────────────────────────────────

The results of a spotting test for liquid oil at 30 ° C. of these fat spreads are shown below. Liquid oil stain test at 30 ° C Liquid oil stain amount Shape retention ───────────────────────────────── Example 2 1 mm No change Example 3 3 mm No change Comparative Example 2 2 mm No change Comparative Example 3 2 mm No change Comparative Example 4 24 mm Lower part collapses ──────────────── ───────────────────── As seen from the above results, the effect of polyunsaturated acids can be understood from the results of Comparative Examples 2, 3, and 4. Moreover, if it exceeds 10%, the appearance of stains on the liquid oil tends to be significantly deteriorated.

The hardness of these fat spreads by the rheometer at each temperature is shown below. Rheometer measurement value * 5 ° C. 10 ° C. 20 ° C. ─────────────────────────── Example 2 900 500 500 Example 3 880 490 140 Comparative Example 2 1450 910 360 Comparative Example 3 1510 1010 420 Comparative Example 4 800 460 120 120 ─────────────────────────── * Fudo Industrial Co., Ltd. ), Unit: g / 0.785 cm2

As is clear from this result, the fat spread becomes hard when the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid residue is low (Comparative Example 2) and when the content of lauric acid is high (Comparative Example 3). Show a trend. Due to this difference in hardness, the fat spreads of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 tend to be less easy to apply to bread.

The occurrence of graining was 5 ° C. 2 in Comparative Example 5.
In contrast to the clear occurrence after storage for one month, Example 1,
With the fat spreads of Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4, no occurrence occurred even after storage for 6 months. If the polyunsaturated acid content is too high, it has an adverse effect on the occurrence of graining.

Next, the panel test results of melting of these fat spreads will be shown. We asked 26 people to add 5 to 1 points in the order of good melting, and then totaled. The results are as follows. Example 2 90 points Example 3 91 points Comparative example 2 45 points Comparative example 3 71 points Comparative example 4 93 points, and when the content of the polyunsaturated fatty acid residue is lower than 6%, melting in the mouth tends to be impaired.

[0037]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, the hard stock according to the present invention can be used without fractionating the non-selective transesterified oil, so that the manufacturing cost is extremely low, and the plastic oil / fat composition manufactured using the hard stock. However, even though the temperature is high, there is no stain of liquid oil, the occurrence of graining is suppressed, and it has the effect of melting in the mouth and showing good physical properties in spreadability at low temperatures,
In particular, it has excellent effects on heat resistance and graining resistance.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing a hard stock, which comprises non-selectively transesterifying a blended oil of 5 to 15% by weight of a liquid oil with a fat and oil derived from palm oil and a lauric oil and fat. 2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein 60 to 70% by weight of oil and fat derived from palm oil and 20 to 35% by weight of lauric oil and fat are blended. 3. The fatty acid composition of the hard stock has 50 to 60% by weight of saturated fatty acid residues having 16 or more carbon atoms, 10 to 22% by weight of saturated fatty acid residues having 12 carbon atoms, and the number of carbon atoms. 18
The production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 6 or more polyunsaturated fatty acid residues are mixed in an amount of 6 to 10% by weight. 4. A plastic oil / fat composition, characterized in that the hard stock according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is mixed with an oil / fat having a melting point of 30 to 37 ° C. and a liquid oil. Law.