JP2018088863A - Oil-and-fat composition, and plastic oil-and-fat composition containing said oil-and-fat composition - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composition capable of reducing the phenomenon of oil-off in a plastic oil-and-fat composition, even when the contents of saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids of oils and fats used as a raw material of the plastic oil-and-fat composition are reduced, and a plastic oil-and-fat composition containing the composition and a method for producing the same.SOLUTION: An oil-and-fat composition contains (a) a triglyceride containing one or more behenic acid residues, and further contains at least one of (b) palmitic acid-bound monoglyceride fatty acid ester and (c) stearic acid-bound monoglyceride fatty acid ester.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

  The present invention relates to an oil / fat composition having an oil-off reducing action and a plastic oil / fat composition containing the same.

  Plastic oil and fat compositions used for purposes such as painting on bread and cooking are usually stored refrigerated, but when taking them home from a store or when using them at home, It is exposed for a certain period of time in an atmosphere at a temperature higher than the melting point of some of the fats and oils used as a raw material.

  In such a case, oil off, which is a phenomenon in which a visible liquid material is generated on the surface of the solid plastic fat composition, may occur. For this reason, the quality of the plastic oil / fat composition is required not to cause oil-off even in an atmosphere at a temperature higher than the melting point of a part of the oil / fat used as a raw material for the plastic oil / fat composition.

  Conventionally, partially hydrogenated fats and oils obtained by hydrogenating animal or vegetable fats and oils have been used for plastic fat and oil compositions. Partially hydrogenated fats and oils are solids that have increased melting point by adding hydrogen to the carbon-carbon double bonds of unsaturated fatty acid residues in fats and oils, thereby reducing the double bonds and increasing the proportion of saturated fatty acid residues. Alternatively, it is a semi-solid oil.

A trans isomer (hereinafter referred to as trans fatty acid) is generated in the unsaturated fatty acid residue during the production process of the partially hydrogenated fat. Oils and fats that have trans fatty acids as fatty acid residues, as defined by the US Food and Drug Administration as "substances that are unsaturated fatty acids and have one or more non-conjugated double bonds in trans coordination" are generally cis-coordinated It is known that it has a melting point higher than that of fats and oils having a body as a fatty acid residue and maintains a β′-type crystal polymorph.
Partially hydrogenated fats and oils containing unsaturated fatty acid residues and trans fatty acid residues having the characteristics described above can freely adjust the melting point depending on the degree of hydrogenation, and can reduce partial liquefaction at high temperatures and normal temperatures. Because it can be used, it is widely used for margarine, fat spread, shortening, etc.

On the other hand, in recent years, there are concerns about health hazards due to the intake of fats and oils containing trans fatty acid residues. Excessive intake of fats and oils containing trans fatty acid residues is a risk factor for coronary heart disease such as myocardial infarction, so many countries use labeling regulations for trans fatty acids and the use of partially hydrogenated fats and oils that contain many trans fatty acid residues There are regulations.
In the United States, the US Food and Drug Administration has decided to exclude partially hydrogenated fats and oils from GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe), which is a generally accepted indicator (June 2015).
It has also been pointed out that saturated fatty acid residues in fats and oils also increase the risk of coronary heart disease due to excessive intake.

  Thus, while partially hydrogenated fats and oils can impart desired physical properties to the plastic fat and oil composition, it has been pointed out that they are involved in health hazards. Therefore, using alternative raw materials for partially hydrogenated fats and oils, Efforts have been made to impart desired physical properties to the plastic fat composition while reducing fatty acid residues, or trans fatty acid residues and unsaturated fatty acid residues.

Patent Document 1 discloses margarine and shortening in which the amount of high melting point oil and fat is adjusted and the trans fatty acid containing polyglycerin fatty acid ester is reduced.
Patent Document 2 discloses a plastic fat composition using only fats and oils substantially free of trans fatty acid residues as a raw material for fats and oils and adding a glycerin fatty acid ester containing 50% by mass or more of a diester.
Patent Document 3 discloses a method for producing a plastic fat composition that does not contain a trans fatty acid residue, which is obtained by mixing an oil raw material with different melting points and mixing a cooled liquid low melting point oil raw material with a liquid high melting point oil raw material. Is disclosed.

JP 2008-125358 A JP 2007-89527 A JP 2010-106170 A

However, in Patent Documents 1 and 2, trans fatty acid residues in fats and oils are reduced, but saturated fatty acid residues are not considered. For example, in a plastic fat composition to which a glycerin fatty acid ester containing 50% by mass or more of the diester body of Patent Document 2 is added, when the saturated fatty acid content of the fat used is low, an oil-off occurs during storage at room temperature.
In Patent Document 3, both trans fatty acid residues and saturated fatty acid residues are reduced, but a certain amount of saturated fatty acid residues are still contained, and there is room for further reduction.
As described above, a plastic fat composition that does not cause oil-off even when both trans fatty acid residues and saturated fatty acid residues are reduced and a simple production method thereof have not been disclosed.

  From the above, even when the content of saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids in fats and oils used as raw materials for the plastic fat composition is reduced, a composition capable of reducing the oil-off of the plastic fat composition and the composition It is an object of the present invention to provide a plastic oil / fat composition containing the same, and a method for producing the same.

The present invention relates to the following contents.
[1] An oil and fat comprising (a) a triglyceride containing one or more behenic acid residues, and (b) at least one of palmitic acid-bonded monoglyceride fatty acid ester and (c) stearic acid-bonded monoglyceride fatty acid ester Based on the total mass of the composition, the content of the component (a) is 0.1% by mass or more, the content of the component (b) when the component (b) is included is 0.03% by mass or more, and the component (c) The oil-and-fat composition whose content of (c) component in case of containing is 0.03 mass% or more.
[2] The oil and fat composition according to [1], wherein the oil and fat composition has an oil-off value of 2 cm or less and a heat shock resistance of 0.5 cm or more.
[3] A plastic fat composition comprising the fat composition according to [1] or [2].

  The present invention relates to an oil / fat composition that reduces oil-off of a plastic oil / fat composition even when the content of saturated fatty acid and trans fatty acid in the oil / fat used as a raw material of the plastic oil / fat composition is reduced, and the oil / fat composition The present invention provides a plastic fat composition containing a product and a method for producing a plastic fat composition.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the measurement results of the maximum load. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing measurement results of solid fat content (SFC).

The present invention relates to an oil / fat composition having an oil-off reducing action and a plastic oil / fat composition including the oil / fat composition. These will be described in detail below.
(Oil composition having oil-off reducing effect)
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have studied the cause of oil-off occurring when both the trans fatty acid residue and the saturated fatty acid residue in the plastic fat composition are reduced. The following were considered to be a cause. That is, the ratio of fats and oils containing a large amount of unsaturated fatty acid residues having a low melting point is high in fats and oils having few trans fatty acid residues and saturated fatty acid residues. The plastic fat composition using the fats and oils of the above composition as the raw material has fats and oils containing saturated fatty acid residues preferentially crystallized in the cooling step during production, and fats and oils containing many unsaturated fatty acid residues. Is solidified in a state where it is not entrapped in fats and oils containing saturated fatty acid residues and trans fatty acid residues. Furthermore, the fats and oils containing saturated fatty acid residue and trans fatty acid residue are converged during the cold storage of the plastic fat composition. When such a plastic fat composition is exposed to an atmosphere at a temperature higher than the melting point of fats and oils having a lot of unsaturated fatty acid residues, the fats and oils having a lot of unsaturated fatty acid residues that have not been liquefied are liquefied and separated. This is thought to cause oil-off.

As a result of continuing further research based on the above findings, the present inventors have found that an oil composition having an oil-off reducing effect can be obtained by specifying the components of the oil composition.
An oil and fat composition having an oil-off reducing action comprises: (a) a triglyceride containing one or more behenic acid residues; and (b) a palmitic acid-linked monoglyceride fatty acid ester and (c) a stearic acid-bonded monoglyceride fatty acid ester. Including at least one.
That is, the oil and fat composition described above includes (i) those containing (a) and (b), (ii) those containing (a) and (c), (iii) (a), (b), ( Three aspects are included, including c).

  In addition to the above, the composition having an oil-off reducing action includes, as optional components, unsaturated distilled monoglycerides, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, emulsifiers such as phospholipids, crystal modifiers such as sorbitan fatty acid esters, vitamin E In addition, antioxidants such as vitamin C derivatives and tea extracts, colorants such as carotene, caramel, and red potato pigments, and fragrances can be blended.

The content of (a) in the oil or fat composition having an oil-off reducing action is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and 1.0% by mass or more and 50% by mass or more based on the total mass of the oil or fat composition having an oil-off reducing action. The following is more preferable.
The content of (b) in the oil / fat composition having an oil-off reducing action is preferably 0.03% by mass or more, preferably 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass based on the total mass of the oil / fat composition having an oil-off reducing action. The following is more preferable.
The content of (c) in the oil / fat composition having an oil-off reducing action is preferably 0.03% by mass or more, preferably 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass based on the total mass of the oil / fat composition having an oil-off reducing action. The following is more preferable.

  The oil / fat composition having an oil-off reducing action of the present invention should be used as it is if the components constituting the above-mentioned oil-off reducing action are all powdered or granulated and mixed in a solid form. Can do. When a liquid material is included, it can be mixed and pasted.

  The oil / fat composition having an oil-off reducing action is only required to add the above-mentioned components to the heated oil / fat raw material and stir, so that no special equipment is required. Can be used.

  The addition amount of the oil / fat composition having an oil-off reducing effect on the plastic oil / fat composition is appropriately adjusted so that (a) is 0.01% by mass to 50% by mass based on the total mass of the plastic oil / fat composition. When (b) is used, (b) is 0.003% to 10% by mass, and when (c) is used, (c) is 0.003 to 10% by mass. It may be adjusted as appropriate.

(Plastic oil composition)
The raw material of the plastic composition will be described.
The fats and oils used in the plastic fat and oil composition may be any as long as trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids are reduced in the obtained plastic fat and oil composition. In this case, the trans fatty acid preferably has a content of 7 g or less in 100 g of the plastic fat composition, more preferably 3.5 g or less. Among saturated fatty acids, those in which the proportion of saturated fatty acid residues in the constituent fatty acid residues of the oils and fats of the plastic fat composition is preferably 30% by mass or less, and more preferably 15% by mass or less.

  Examples of fats include soybean oil, corn oil, olive oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, canola oil, rice bran oil, safflower oil, high oleic safflower oil, rapeseed oil, rapeseed white oil, rapeseed extreme Hardened oil, sunflower oil, high oleic sunflower oil, cotton oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, perilla oil, sesame oil, egoma oil, safflower oil, high oleic safflower oil, grape seed oil, peanut oil, macadamia nut oil, hazelnut oil, pumpkin seed Oil, linseed oil, walnut oil, coconut oil, tea seed oil, mustard oil, rice oil, wheat germ oil, etc., or partially hydrogenated oil, transesterified oil, fractionated oil, etc. More than types are selected. The selected fats and oils may be blended so that the oil content is 20% by mass to 85% by mass, preferably 20% by mass to 85% by mass, and 30% by mass to 85% by mass based on the total mass of the plastic oil / fat composition. Is more preferable, and 30% by mass to 70% by mass is most preferable.

  Furthermore, if necessary, raw materials generally used for plastic fat compositions can be used as long as they do not contribute to the increase in trans fatty acid content or the occurrence of oil-off. Examples thereof include water, skim milk powder, salt, potassium chloride, acidulant, sweetener, pH adjuster, fragrance, pigment, vitamin agent and the like.

(Method for producing plastic fat composition)
Next, the manufacturing method of a plastic fat composition is demonstrated.
(A) The fats and oils of the raw material are heated to the melting point or higher, for example, 40 ° C to 85 ° C, and an oily composition having an oil-off reducing action is added and dissolved therein to prepare an oil phase. If necessary, an emulsifier such as glycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, and lecithin, a pigment such as β-carotene, and an oil-soluble vitamin can be added to the oil phase.

  (B) A water phase is prepared by adding and dissolving dairy products such as salt and skim milk powder in warm water of about 40 ° C. to 60 ° C.

  (C) An emulsion is prepared by adding the aqueous phase to the oil phase at a constant rate while stirring. The stirring speed of the oil phase and the addition speed of the water phase at this time can be appropriately adjusted so that a uniform emulsion can be formed according to the amount of oil in the plastic fat composition.

(D) Perfume is added to this emulsion as necessary, and the emulsion maintained at 50 ° C. is rapidly cooled to 10 ° C. with a closed continuous scraping tube type cooler such as a combinator or perfector. To crystallize. A plastic fat composition is obtained by kneading the crystallized emulsion with a pin machine or the like. Examples of the plastic fat composition include margarine and spread.
In addition, there is no restriction | limiting with time about (i) and (b) processes, either process may be performed first and both processes may be performed simultaneously.

The evaluation criteria of the present invention in this specification are summarized and described below.
(Oil-off evaluation test)
The sample was packed in a 3 cm diameter glass ring, cooled on ice for 10 minutes, and stored at 5 ° C. for 72 hours. The sample was stabbed with 1 cm × 5 cm of filter paper for 1 cm and allowed to stand at 23 ° C. for 1 hour.
The oil-off was evaluated by measuring the height of the liquid oil soaked in the filter paper after standing for 1 hour (n = 2). When the oil-off was 2.0 cm or less, “good: ◯”, and when it was 2.1 cm or more, “deteriorated: x”.
(Heat shock resistance test)
The sample, which was allowed to stand at 10 ° C. for 2 weeks, was punched out with a glass ring having a diameter of 2 cm and a height of 1 cm and placed on a petri dish, and the height of the sample was measured when held at 30 ° C. for 1 hour.
When the sample height was 0.5 cm or more, the heat shock resistance was “good: ○”, and when it was less than 0.5 cm, “deterioration: x”.
(Maximum load measurement test)
The sample was packed in a glass ring having a diameter of 3 cm and a height of 1 cm, ice-cooled for 10 minutes, stored at 5 ° C., and stored for 72 hours, and then the maximum load (g) was measured using a texture analyzer (n = 2). .
(Solid fat content (SFC) measurement test)
The sample was placed in a glass tube for SFC measurement so that the height was 1 cm, and SFC (%) at 10 ° C. was measured (n = 3).

  Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

From Example Product 1 by mixing the oil and fat raw material shown in Table 1 and the composition having an oil-off suppressing action so that the total mass becomes 100 g, and then stirring at 50 ° C., cooling with ice water. The oil and fat composition of Example product 5 was prepared. As the oil raw material, rapeseed white squeezed oil, soybean oil, corn oil, rapeseed extremely hardened oil, and fat A were used. Oil A was an oil containing 0.1% triglyceride containing one or more behenic acid residues.
As a composition having an oil-off inhibiting action, (a) a triglyceride containing one or more behenic acid residues, (b) a palmitic acid-linked monoglyceride fatty acid ester, and (c) a stearic acid-linked monoglyceride fatty acid ester were used. . In Table 1, the compounding quantity of each component is shown by mass ratio (%) in the total mass reference | standard of an oil-fat composition. Similarly, Comparative Example Product 1 was prepared from Comparative Example Product 1.

As shown in Table 2 to Table 4, an oil phase and an aqueous phase were prepared so that the total mass was 100 g. That is, the oil phase was prepared by mixing fats and oils and a composition having an oil-off reducing action and stirring at 50 ° C. The aqueous phase was prepared by mixing water, sodium chloride and gelatin and stirring at 50 ° C.
An oil phase and an aqueous phase are emulsified by adding a 50 ° C. aqueous phase at 20 L / min to a 50 ° C. oil phase stirred at 140 rpm, and the resulting 50 ° C. emulsion is sealed and continuously scraped. The tube was rapidly cooled to 10 ° C. with a tube cooler, and further kneaded with a pin machine while being kept at 10 ° C.
By filling 160 g of the kneaded emulsion into a plastic container, Examples 6 to 10 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 (Table 2), and Examples 11 to 11 which are plastic fat compositions are used. Comparative Example Product 9 (Table 3) was obtained from Product 13 and Comparative Example Product 7, and Comparative Product 11 (Table 4) was obtained from Example Product 14 and Example Product 16 and Comparative Example Product 10. These were stored at 10 ° C.
The trans fatty acid content of the obtained plastic fat composition according to the example product was 0.5 g / 100 g or less. Moreover, all of the saturated fatty acids in the constituent fatty acids in the fats and oils of the plastic fat composition according to the example products were less than 15% by mass.

(Test Example 1)
<Oil-off evaluation test>
Example product 1 to Example product 12 and Comparative example product 1 to Comparative example product 11 (hereinafter also referred to as samples) were packed in a 3 cm diameter glass ring, cooled on ice for 10 minutes, and stored at 5 ° C.
A sample stored at 5 ° C. for 72 hours was stabbed with 1 cm × 5 cm of filter paper for 1 cm and allowed to stand at 23 ° C. for 1 hour.
The oil-off was evaluated by measuring the height of the liquid oil soaked in the filter paper after standing for 1 hour (n = 2). When the oil-off level of each level was 2.0 cm or less, “good: ◯”, and when it was 2.1 cm or more, “deteriorated: x”.

(Test Example 2)
<Heat shock resistance test>
The sample was allowed to stand at 10 ° C. for 2 weeks. The sample after standing was punched out with a glass ring having a diameter of 2 cm and a height of 1 cm and placed on a petri dish, and the height of the sample when it was held at 30 ° C. for 1 hour was measured.
When the sample height was 0.5 cm or more, the heat shock resistance was “good: ○”, and when it was less than 0.5 cm, “deterioration: x”.

  As shown in Table 1, Example Product 1 to Example Product 5 were good in both oil-off and heat shock resistance. The example product 1 was the best in both oil-off and heat shock resistance. On the other hand, Comparative Example Product 1 to Comparative Example Product 3 were neither good in oil-off nor heat shock resistance.

As shown in Tables 2 to 4, Example Product 6 to Example Product 16 were good in both oil-off and heat shock resistance regardless of the ratio of the oil phase to the water phase.
On the other hand, Comparative product 4 to Comparative product 12 were neither good in oil-off nor heat shock resistance.

  Thus, when (a) a triglyceride containing one or more behenic acid residues, and (b) at least one of palmitic acid-bonded monoglyceride fatty acid ester and (c) stearic acid-bonded monoglyceride fatty acid ester are contained in a specified amount It was revealed that, despite the use of fats and oils with less saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids, it was possible to prepare a plastic fat composition with reduced oil-off and heat shock resistance.

(Test Example 3)
<Maximum load measurement test>
Example product 1 and Example product 6, and Comparative product 3 and Comparative product 4 were packed in a glass ring having a diameter of 3 cm and a height of 1 cm, cooled on ice for 10 minutes, stored at 5 ° C., and stored for 72 hours. Later, the maximum load was measured using a texture analyzer (n = 2).

(Test Example 4)
<Solid fat content (SFC) measurement test>
Example product 1 and Example product 6, and Comparative product 3 and Comparative product 4 were placed in a glass tube for SFC measurement so as to have a height of 1 cm, and SFC at 10 ° C. was measured (n = 3).

The measurement result of the maximum load is shown in FIG. 1, and the measurement result of SFC is shown in FIG.
Example products 1 and 6 had higher maximum load values than Comparative product 3 and 4. Further, between Example Product 1 and Example Product 6, the maximum load value increased in Example Product 6 which is a W / O emulsion, that is, a plastic fat composition. This is because Example Product 6 has hardness excellent in feeling of use, and since it has hardness, a good oil and fat network is constructed, and this network becomes a plastic oil and fat composition excellent in oil-off resistance. It was confirmed that
On the other hand, SFC was low in the example product and high in the comparative example product.
When the above-mentioned maximum load and the result of SFC are evaluated together, Comparative Example Product 4 has a ratio of the measured value (g) of the maximum load to SFC (%) of about 50, while Example Product 6 has SFC ( %) Of the maximum load measurement (g) was about 250. That is, the example product has a low maximum SFC and a high maximum load, the comparative example product has a high SFC and a low maximum load, and the example product 6 is a plastic fat composition that is imparted with hardness with a smaller amount of saturated fatty acid. It is a thing.

Claims (3)

(A) a triglyceride containing one or more behenic acid residues, and (b) at least one of palmitic acid-bonded monoglyceride fatty acid ester and (c) stearic acid-bonded monoglyceride fatty acid ester,
Based on the total mass of the oil and fat composition, the content of the component (a) is 0.1% by mass or more, and the content of the component (b) when the component (b) is included is 0.03% by mass or more, Content of the said (c) component in the case of containing the said (c) component is 0.03 mass% or more, The oil-fat composition characterized by the above-mentioned.   The oil / fat composition according to claim 1, wherein the oil / fat composition has an oil-off value of 2 cm or less and a heat shock resistance of 0.5 cm or more.   A plastic oil / fat composition comprising the oil / fat composition according to claim 1.