JPH09233911A - Germination stimulating method for plant seed - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high germination rate and uniform germination, to easily process a lot of seeds and to make compact a device for stimulation of germination by immersing plant seeds in a high-osmotic aqueous solution, to which an oxygen supply agent is added, before seeding, and stimulating germination. SOLUTION: The germination of plant seeds such as tomato seeds is stimulated by immersing the plant seeds in the high-osmotic aqueous solution (osmotic pressure is preferably -20 to -0.2MPa and more preferable -1.3 to -0.7MPa) such as polyethylene glycol aqueous solution or potassium nitrate aqueous solution, to which the oxygen supply agent such as hydrogen peroxide or calcium peroxide is added, before seeding. In this case, the quantity of oxygen supply agent is preferably 0.1 to 10wt.% of the high-osmotic aqueous solution.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for promoting germination of plant seeds.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various methods have been reported because the improvement of the germination rate and germination rate of seeds is useful for improving the quality of crops and improving agricultural work. Here, the germination force indicates the quality of germination. Regarding such improvement of germination rate and germination force, a method of immersing these plant seeds in a polyethylene glycol aqueous solution having a specific osmotic pressure for a certain period of time has been reported, for example, Heydecker, W. et al. , J. et al. Hi
ggeins and R.G. L. Gulliver, 1
994 "Accelerated germinati
onby osmotic seed treat
nt "Nature 246: 42-44 and the like. This is polyethylene glycol -1.0M
10 seeds were placed on a filter paper in a petri dish soaked with Pa osmotic pressure solution.
It was excellent in that the time until germination after seeding was greatly shortened by storing at 23 ° C. for 23 days, then washing with water and sowing. However, in order to actually carry out this method on a large scale, a large amount of equipment such as a petri dish is required, and the equipment area required for the treatment is large, which is not practical. It is considered that oxygen must be supplied to obtain these effects, but, for example, when seeds are completely immersed in these solutions, even if air is aerated, no effect can be obtained. It has been known. Thus, there has been a demand for a treatment method for simultaneously improving a germination rate and a uniform germination after sowing a large amount of seeds.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an excellent method for promoting germination of plant seeds, which has a high germination rate, uniform germination uniformity, and can be easily performed. The purpose is to

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve these problems of the prior art, the present invention is as described in claim 1.
In the method for promoting germination of plant seeds, which comprises immersing the plant seeds in a high osmotic pressure aqueous solution before sowing, the method has a configuration in which an oxygen-supplying agent is added to the high osmotic pressure aqueous solution.

[0005]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, as the high osmotic pressure aqueous solution, an aqueous solution of potassium nitrate, polyethylene glycol or the like can be mentioned. In particular, when the polyethylene glycol 6000 aqueous solution has a large molecular weight, it does not penetrate into the seed, Therefore, it is desirable because it will not cause any trouble. Further, examples of the oxygen-supplying agent include hydrogen peroxide and calcium peroxide. Particularly, hydrogen peroxide decomposes on the surface of the seed, so that oxygen can be efficiently supplied to the seed.

The number 6000 in polyethylene glycol 6000 means the approximate number of the average molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol. These are commercially available from Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. and are generally available.
In addition, those having various average molecular weights such as 200, 400, and 4000 are commercially available, and it is possible to prepare and use an aqueous solution, but that it is not absorbed by seeds,
It is desirable to use one having a molecular weight of 6000 in terms of easy adjustment of osmotic pressure and cost.

In the present invention, the osmotic pressure in an aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol 6000 is
LYN E. MICHEL) and other research (Plant
Physiol Vol. 51: 914-916, 19
73), which shows the relationship between the dissolved mass per 1 kg of water (g) C and the temperature T and the osmotic pressure ψ (bar), ψ (bar) =-(1.18 × 10 ^-2 ) C- (1.18 × 10 ^-4 ) C
^{In 2} + (2.67 × 10 ^-4 ) CT + (8.39 × 10 ^-7 ) C ² T, the liquid temperature T was calculated at 15 ° C unless otherwise specified. On the other hand, in the case of potassium nitrate or the like which is not a polymer, Phantom Hoff's equation, PV = nRT (P: osmotic pressure, n: mole number of solute, V: volume of solution,
Unless otherwise stated, the liquid temperature was calculated as 15 ° C. by T: absolute temperature, R: gas constant.

Here, the osmotic pressure of the immersion liquid is -0.2MP.
If it exceeds a, dehydration will take a long time to germinate and it will not be possible to store it for a long time. -0.5 MPa or more is preferable because there is no fear of germination during dehydration. On the other hand,-
If it is less than 1.5 MPa, the germination rate tends to be low,
If the pressure is less than 20 MPa, the water required for germination of seeds cannot be secured even if water is absorbed. Here, the processing time is 24
It is desirable to do it for at least 10 hours and not more than 10 hours. If it is less than 24 hours, a sufficient effect cannot be obtained, and if it is more than 10 days, germination of seeds may start or molds may occur.

It is desirable that the oxygen-supplying agent is added to the polyethylene glycol aqueous solution in an amount of 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight. If the oxygen-supplying agent is 0.1% by weight or less, the germination-promoting effect may not be clearly obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10% by weight, seeds are phytotoxic and the germination rate is reduced.

During soaking, oxygen generated from the oxygen-supplying agent forms bubbles on the seeds and adheres to the seeds. However, the bubbles are simply bubbles out of the system and the effect is reduced. There are many. Therefore, it is desirable to carry out these dippings in a pressure resistant container. In this case, although it is unknown in detail whether oxygen generated in the solution easily enters the seeds, the germination rate is improved as compared with the case where the seeds are immersed in an open container. The temperature during immersion is preferably 10 ° C or higher and 15 ° C or lower. Above or below this range, the germination rate may decrease. In addition, it is desirable that the treatment environment is shielded from light because temperature control is easy and generation of microorganisms can be suppressed.

It is desirable that the treated seeds are sown promptly. That is, if the time until sowing after the treatment is long, germination may occur during that time. The germinated seeds are easily damaged because they are easily damaged, and sowing is practically impossible.

[0012]

【Example】

[Example 1] 500 beet seeds were immersed in 500 ml of the immersion treatment solutions shown in Table 1, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Example 1 at 15 ° C for 1 week. In addition,
In Table 1, PEG represents a polyethylene glycol 6000 aqueous solution. Also, the same number of beet seeds were soaked in the same treatment as in Comparative Example 2, and the beet seeds were put in a dresser flushing bottle,
Immersion treatment was carried out at 15 ° C. for 1 week while passing clean air (RH 100%) at 500 ml / min (Comparative Example 3).

On the other hand, untreated seeds (Comparative Example 4) and seeds were placed on a petri dish on which two pieces of filter paper were laid, and the lower half of the seeds was immersed in the liquid at 15 ° C. for 1 week. Glycol 6000 aqueous solution (osmotic pressure: -1Mp
What was dipped in a) (Comparative Example 5) was prepared. After washing all of them with running water, 100 pieces of each 400 pieces were put into 4 petri dishes lined with 2 pieces of filter paper wet with water, and a germination test was conducted under a dark condition at 25 ° C. Table 1 shows the germination rate and the status of uniform germination at this time.

[0014]

[Table 1]

From Table 1, the germination rate and the germination uniformity of the seeds dipped in the hyperosmotic solution containing hydrogen peroxide are shown in the case of hydrogen peroxide alone dipping treatment, polyethylene glycol alone dipping treatment, or aeration with polyethylene glycol. It was clarified that the treatment was superior to the treatment and the same effect as that of the polyethylene glycol treatment on the petri dish was obtained.

[Example 2] Similar to Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, except that tomato seeds were subjected to the treatments shown in Table 2, the germination rate and the germination uniformity were examined. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0017]

[Table 2]

It can be seen from Table 2 that the effects of the present invention can be obtained similarly to beet seeds when tomato seeds are used.

[Example 3] Next, an examination was conducted using potassium nitrate. Each of 500 beet seeds was immersed in 500 ml of the immersion treatment liquids shown in Comparative Examples 11 and 12 and Example 3 in Table 3 at 15 ° C. for 1 week. Further, the same number of beet seeds were immersed in the same treatment liquid as in Comparative Example 12, and the beet seeds were put in a dresser air jar and, while aerating clean air (RH 100%) at 500 ml / min, at 15 ° C.
Immersion treatment was performed for 1 week (Comparative Example 13).

On the other hand, untreated seeds (Comparative Example 14) and seeds were placed on a plate in which two pieces of filter paper were laid, and the lower half of the seeds was immersed in the liquid at 15 ° C. for 1 week, 3 days.
What was dipped in an aqueous solution of potassium nitrate of wt% (Comparative Example 1)
5) was prepared. In the table, “KNO ₃ aq” is a 3 wt% potassium nitrate aqueous solution. After washing all of them with running water, 100 for each 400
Two pieces of filter paper wet with water were placed in each of four petri dishes, and a germination test was conducted at 25 ° C. in the dark. Table 3 shows the germination rate and the state of uniform germination at this time.

[0021]

[Table 3]

From Table 3, even when potassium nitrate is used,
It can be seen that the effects of the present invention can be obtained similarly to polyethylene glycol.

Example 4 Next, the influence of the immersion temperature was investigated. Using beet seeds as in Example 1, but keeping the soaking temperature at 5, 10, 15 and 20 ° C., respectively.
The treatment for 0 days was performed, and the effect on the germination rate was examined. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0024]

[Table 4] ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Treatment temperature (℃) ──────────────── 5 10 15 20 ───────────────────────── Osmolality (MPa) -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 Germination rate (%) 64 85 86 86 78 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

From Table 4, the germination rate of beet was 1 at the treatment temperature.
The optimum range is from 0 to 15 ° C, and a decrease in germination rate was observed outside this range.

Example 5 Next, the effect of the osmotic pressure of the treatment liquid was examined. Using beet seeds, the treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the treatment period was 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days, the temperature of the treatment liquid was kept at 10 ° C., and the treatment was conducted for 10 days of osmotic pressure. Their germination rates were investigated along with those that were not done at all. Table 6 shows the results.

[0027]

[Table 5] ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Osmotic pressure (MPa) -0.7 -1.0 -1.1 -1.3 ───────── ───────────────── Germination rate (%) 80 84 87 87 81 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ━

From Table 5, the osmotic pressure is -0.7 to -1.3M.
It can be seen that the germination rate is hardly affected in the range of Pa. In addition, in the seed using the solution having an osmotic pressure of -0.7 MPa,
During the treatment, a small amount of seeds germinated.

Example 6 The influence of the immersion period was examined. Using beet seeds, as in Example 1, except that the treatment period was 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, and the temperature of the treatment liquid was 10 days.
The germination rate of polyethylene glycol having an osmotic pressure of -1.0 MPa was treated for 10 days while being kept at 0 ° C, and germination rates thereof were examined together with those which were not treated at all. Table 6 shows the results.

[0030]

[Table 6] ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Processing days (days) 0 5 10 15 ───────────── ───────────── Germination rate (%) 45 67 86 80 80 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

From Table 6, it can be seen that in this case, the effect is obtained by the treatment for 5 days or more. Further, it is found that the best germination rate is obtained by the treatment for about 10 days. Molds were slightly attached to the seeds treated for 15 days.

[0032]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION Since the oxygen supply agent dissolved in the solution supplies oxygen to the system, the seeds immersed in the solution are uniformly supplied with oxygen, so that the seed need not be in direct contact with the air. Further, there is no need to replenish air by aeration, and a higher effect can be obtained compared to that case. According to the germination promoting method of the present invention, it is possible to obtain the same effects (germination rate and germination uniformity) as the hyperosmotic solution treatment on a petri dish without requiring a wide area such as a petri dish treatment, and thus to promote germination. It is easy to make the device compact.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method for promoting germination of a plant seed, which comprises immersing the plant seed in a hyperosmotic aqueous solution before sowing, which comprises adding an oxygen-supplying agent to the hyperosmotic aqueous solution. Method. 2. The method for promoting germination of plant seeds according to claim 1, wherein the high osmotic pressure aqueous solution is a polyethylene glycol aqueous solution or a potassium nitrate aqueous solution. 3. The osmotic pressure of the high osmotic pressure aqueous solution is −20.
The method for promoting germination of plant seeds according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method is more than MPa and less than 0.2 MPa. 4. The osmotic pressure of the high osmotic pressure aqueous solution is −1.
The method for promoting germination of plant seeds according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method is 3 MPa or more and -0.7 MPa or less. 5. The method for promoting germination of plant seeds according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen-supplying agent is hydrogen peroxide or / and calcium peroxide. 6. A plant seed, which is immersed in a hypertonic aqueous solution to which an oxygen-supplying agent is added.