JPH09205911A - Method and device for hydroponic cultivation for grape - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To cultivate grapes regardlessly of geographical or weather conditions. SOLUTION: Concerning a method for hydroponic cultivation with which a culture solution 8 is sprinkled over a root 2 of a grape vine 1 inserted into a cultivation tank 3 while touching it with air, the root 2 is supported away from the bottom face of the cultivation tank 3 so that the root 2 cannot be immersed in the culture solution 8 stagnant on the bottom face of the cultivation tank 3. A waterproof supporting shelf 4 is formed on the bottom face of the cultivation tank 3. In this case, concerning the concentration of nitrogen in the culture solution 8, electric conductivity is from 0.5mS/cm to 1.2mS/am and the concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen (NO3 -N) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4 -N) in a nitrogen source is from 2:1 to 3:1.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for hydroponic cultivation of grapes such as "Kyoho", "Delaware" (Western hybrids), "Morgen chain", "Neomart" (European system) and the like. And the device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional soil cultivation of grapes, which is a perennial crop, requires a great deal of labor for soil management, fertilization management, etc. Establishment of cultivation is required. However, there is no example about the method of hydroponics of grapes for the purpose of year-round cultivation, and generally, little is known.

Therefore, in order to establish a method of year-round hydroponics of grapes, the present inventors first of all, a suitable water environment in which roots can be smoothly grown, a suitable nitrogen concentration of a culture solution, an EC and a nitrogen source. Attention was paid to the concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen. For the traditional technique of grapes,
It is generally known that the suitable nitrogen concentration of the culture solution in the sand culture using "Delaware" is 80 ppm. In addition, an example in which the pH (hydrogen ion concentration) of the hydroponic liquid is examined in the submerged hydroponics of citrus fruits (cultivation in which the culture liquid is submerged in a container and aerated with an air-pump) is generally known. . However, the artificial medium (for example,
There is no known example of cultivating grapes for many years without any use of pearlite, rock wool, etc.

On the other hand, if the inventors have a technology for growing grapes only with a culture solution throughout the year, can the technology be realized by using the existing technology, or is it a completely new technology. It is an urgent need to know whether it is necessary to develop, and as a starting point, it is used for citrus fruits, etc., and it is a generally known submerged hydroponics method (aeration method). "Kyoho" and "Delaware" were grown at various concentration levels in the range of 20 to 120 ppm. Here, the EC level of the culture solution is not generally known in grapes, but in the hydroponic cultivation of vegetables and the like, for example, the EC of the standard formulation for the garden trial is 2.4 mS / c.
m is known. Then, considering that grapes are perennial crops, EC was tested at a low concentration level of ½ or less of a standard culture solution in a garden trial.

As a result, "Kyoho" caused root rot and died. The cause was considered to be mainly high nitrogen concentration disturbance and oxygen deficiency. In'Delaware ',
It was found that the suitable nitrogen concentration for normal growth is at a level lower than 1/2 that in the case of sand cultivation. Also,
It became clear that EC is at a fairly low level for both "Kyoho" and "Delaware." The generally known conventional submerged hydroponics method (aeration method) requires considerable labor and cost, and is not a versatile cultivation method for many grape varieties. Therefore, it was judged that it is not suitable as a hydroponic cultivation technique aiming at year-round cultivation of grapes in general.

[0006] Therefore, the inventors of the present invention invented a new cultivation method in which grapes grow smoothly without causing root rot with only a culture solution, and a device capable of actually utilizing the method, that is, with a net A shower-type circulating hydroponics device was devised and prototyped. Furthermore, the suitable nitrogen concentration of the culture solution, EC, and the concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen of the nitrogen source were clarified when this method and apparatus were used.

Since the cultivation method using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus does not use the artificial medium generally used in the hydroponics of vegetables and the like, there is no fear of salt accumulation, and Since it is economical, it is likely that it will spread. Furthermore, since the culture solution is continuously circulated and reused, there is no concern about the impact on the environment and the pollution of the waste solution.

Based on the above points, the present invention provides a cultivation method and apparatus for realizing hydroponic cultivation of grapes aiming at year-round cultivation, suitable nitrogen concentration and EC of culture solution, nitrate nitrogen and ammonia as nitrogen sources. The purpose is to provide the nitrogen concentration ratio.

That is, in the present invention, in order to grow a grape smoothly and to establish a hydroponic cultivation technique capable of obtaining higher quality and higher yield than general soil cultivation, first, the grape does not cause root rot. We proposed a cultivation method that grows smoothly, and devised a cultivation device that can actually utilize this method.
It is necessary to make a prototype.

Further, it is indispensable that the nutrient concentration of the culture solution is in a range suitable for the growth of grapes. Of this nutrient concentration, first, the nitrogen concentration that is important for the growth of grapes, then the EC level as an index of the concentration of the culture solution containing macroelements and trace elements, and suppressing the increase in the pH of the culture solution,
It is necessary to clarify the concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen that are the nitrogen sources that make the growth progress smoothly.

These are the problems to be solved by the present invention. If they are solved, it is considered that the year-round hydroponics of grapes will be realized and put into practical use as a new technology.

[0012]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The method of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is as follows. First, the root 2 of the vine 1 inserted in the cultivation tank 3 is exposed to the air while being exposed to the culture solution. A method for hydroponic cultivation in which water 8 is sprinkled, wherein roots 2 are supported apart from the bottom surface of cultivation tank 3 so that roots 2 are not submerged in culture solution 8 retained on the bottom surface of cultivation tank 3. The water resistant support shelf 4 is formed on the bottom surface of the cultivation tank 3, and thirdly, the nitrogen concentration of the culture solution 8 is 5 to 40 pp.
m, and fourthly, the electric conductivity of the culture solution 8 is 0.5 to
Fifth, it is 1.2 mS / cm, and fifth, nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ -N) and ammonia nitrogen (N ₃ ) which are nitrogen sources in the culture solution 8.
The feature is that the concentration ratio of H ₄ —N) is 2: 1 to 3: 1.

Similarly, the device of the present invention comprises, firstly, a vine 1
In the cultivation tank 3 into which the root 2 is inserted, the nozzle 6 that sprinkles water toward the root 2 is housed and arranged, and at the position below the root 2 inserted into the cultivation tank 3, the nozzle 6 is inserted. The second feature is that a water-permeable support shelf 4 for mounting and supporting the roots 2 is provided, and secondly, the support shelf 4 is a water-resistant net 4.

[0014]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the practice of the present invention, as a cultivation method in which grapes do not cause root rot, a culture solution continuously circulated while exposing the roots to the air is used in a shower state or a spray state. Therefore, it is thought that if the water is sprinkled sparsely on the whole root so that the root is not dried, the root of the grape grows smoothly, and the shower-type circulating hydroponics device shown in FIG. 1 was devised and prototyped. . In order to clarify which cultivation equipment is suitable for cultivating grapes with two or three circulation type hydroponic cultivation equipment that were prototyped at the same time, the growth yield of'Delaware '(early variety) by each cultivation equipment was used. I tried to compare.

As a result, as shown in Table 1, the growth yield of the shower-type circulating hydroponic culture and the apparatus therefor is clearer than that of the siphon-type and submerged-type cyclic hydroponic culture. The quality of the fruits was excellent and the results were better than general soil cultivation. In the case of'Delaware ', the resin net on the bottom of the device of Fig. 1 was not laid, so the roots dipped in a small amount of the culture solution stagnating on the bottom tended to root rot, but The effect of growth on growth was small. However, it was found that the submerged circulation hydroponics method, in which most of the roots are immersed, showed root rot tendencies in general and the growth was the poorest.

Now, in order to elucidate the preferable nitrogen concentration and EC of the culture solution, and the concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen of the nitrogen source, conventionally known methods of submerged hydroponics (aeration method). And, using the newly proposed method of shower-type circulating hydroponics and the apparatus thereof, tests were conducted with different nitrogen concentrations and EC levels of the culture solutions. as a result,
Good nitrogen concentrations and EC levels were obtained which were good for the growth of'Delaware '. Further, nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ -N) and ammonia nitrogen (NO ₄ ) which are nitrogen sources in the culture solution.
-N) concentration ratio, the pH of the culture solution
The rise could be prevented, the iron deficiency in grapes could be avoided, and the shoots grew smoothly.

As described above, the'Delaware 'has solved the unsolved problem. However, in grapes, different varieties produce different degrees of fruit maturity, and there is no basis for applying the hydroponic cultivation method obtained with the early-ripening type'Delaware 'to other varieties as is. I thought that it was necessary to solve this unsolved problem in order to put it into practical use.

Then, the middle-ripe type (Mesozoic species) 'Kyoho'
, And the test was carried out by the method of hydroponics proposed in'Delaware '. As the cultivating device, the shower-type circulating hydroponics device of FIG. 1 was used, but it was observed that the roots of'Kyoho 'were more susceptible to the effects of moisture damage than'Delaware'. The support net was laid apart from the bottom surface of the to form a support shelf to eliminate the risk of root rot being soaked in the culture solution. Hereinafter, the cultivation device of FIG. 1 will be referred to as a net-type shower type circulating hydroponics device.

The test is a complete failure, as the grapes develop root rot, do not grow well. The cause was considered to be a disorder of high concentration of nitrogen in the culture solution. Therefore, the nitrogen concentration and EC of the culture solution used in'Delaware '
The levels were reduced to 1/2 or less, the concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia in the nitrogen source was set to 2: 1, and the'Kyoho 'was cultivated again with a netted shower-type circulating hydroponics device. , A suitable water environment capable of smoothly growing roots, a suitable nitrogen concentration in the culture solution, and an EC
The present invention has been completed by focusing on the concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen of the nitrogen source.

[0020]

[Table 1]

The present invention completed in "Kyoho" is
"Delaware", and even "Morgen Shane",
When "Neomat" and the like were tested and used, each of the grapes grew smoothly, and the present invention was found to be applicable to all grapes. Among the grapes, for'Kyoho 'and European varieties, in order to grow smoothly, the EC of the culture solution should be as low as possible, and the nitrogen concentration should be as high as possible within the range not causing high-concentration disorders. The point is to raise it. For example, the EC of the culture solution is 0.5 to 0.7 mS /
When the nitrogen concentration is controlled to 5 cm and the nitrogen concentration is controlled to 5 to 40 ppm, 'Kyoho' grows smoothly as shown in Table 2.

In this respect, 'Delaware' is easy to cultivate even if the EC of the culture broth is higher than those of these cultivars, as long as a certain amount of nitrogen is given, a large damage to the growth does not occur. . For example, as shown in Table 3, the nitrogen concentration of the culture solution is 40 ppm and the EC is 0.5 to 1.2 m.
Even in the S / cm range, 'Delaware' grows well.

[0023]

[Table 2]

[0024]

[Table 3]

[0025]

[Example] From the viewpoint of year-round cultivation of hydroponics of grapes, which is one of the perennial crops, from the viewpoint of year-round cultivation, the growth amount of the tree body increases as the tree ages, and the nutrient uptake increases accordingly. To do. In addition, the amount of growth of nutrients varies depending on the growing season of the vines, even for one year, and thus the nutrient absorption also varies depending on the growing season. With respect to this point, a means for varying the flow rate of the culture solution continuously circulated depending on the time was devised. For example, the flow rate of the culture solution from April to November throughout the year is 4.2 liters per minute, from December to March it is 1.2 liters, and the flow rate is 1 / l of the former in the latter period.
It was lowered to 3 or less.

In the process of completing the present invention, it was found that the growth of grape roots was significantly affected by temperature.
In the present invention, the shower-type circulating hydroponics device with a net in the cultivation tank and the storage tank for the culture solution are buried in the soil. This is to keep the temperature of the culture solution at a certain temperature at a low cost.

Hereinafter, the examples of the present invention will be mainly described as "Kyoho".
And'Delaware 'as an example. First,
First of all, in order to grow grapes, whether or not the liquid state in which the culture solution does not circulate is good is examined in a glass room (104 m ² ) of the soil environment department of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Environmental Department, and cutting seedlings of pot-grown first-year trees. The tests were conducted from May 18, 1992 (December 1993) to December 28, 1982 using "Kyoho" and "Delaware". As the cultivation method, a generally known method of submerged hydroponics (aeration method) was used. This cultivation method is a method of cultivating grapes in a submerged liquid without circulating the culture liquid.

The culture solution is made up of 13 liters in a 15 liter capacity poly bucket and replaced every 3 to 7 days from May to September and every 1 to 2 weeks at other times, and the water content is reduced with tap water. It was An aluminum foil was attached to the outer surface of the poly bucket to prevent the temperature of the culture solution from rising. A styrene plate having a thickness of 2 cm was used to hold the vines. About 60% of the grape roots were immersed in the culture solution, and the culture solution was aerated by an air pump. Nitrogen concentration of culture solution is 20ppm, 40
ppm, 80 ppm, 120 ppm, 3 for each test section
Relatively. The EC level of the culture solution is 0.8-
It was set to 1.2 mS / cm. The treatment was started from May 18 to 10 days by culturing with tap water only, and from May 28, the culture solution treatment was performed.

As a result, "Kyoho" causes root rot,
After two months, it stopped growing and eventually died. The cause was considered to be mainly high nitrogen concentration disturbance and oxygen deficiency. On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 2, 'Delaware', after July, grows well only in the 40 ppm nitrogen area and shows a shoot length of 6.3 m during the defoliation period. Although the amount of growth at the cultivation level was obtained, the other test plots were inferior in growth at 4.1 m or less. from this result,
It was confirmed that "Kyoho" could be tested further, and that "Delaware" had a suitable nitrogen concentration of about 40 ppm in the culture solution.

Regarding the concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen as the nitrogen source in the culture medium, when the concentration ratio was 1: 0, the pH of the culture medium changed to 6.5 or more, and iron deficiency occurred in the shoots.
Eventually, growth stopped and growth stopped. Here, the poor growth of leaves with chlorosis symptom in which the green color has become lighter than 0.
When a 1% ferrous sulfate solution was sprayed on the leaves, a green color began to appear, and the original green color was being restored. The pH of the culture solution was adjusted to 5.5 every day in the morning and afternoon. However, since the leaves of the new shoots that had started to grow after that did not show chlorosis symptoms, it was judged that the leaves were iron deficiency due to the increase in the pH of the culture solution.

Next, even if the concentration ratio of the nitrogen source was 1: 1, the pH of the culture solution was not stable, and the pH was adjusted to 5.5 to 6.0.
It took a lot of work every day. When the concentration ratio was 2: 1, a rise in pH could be prevented, and the growth of shoots was good. However, the generally known submerged hydroponics method (aeration method) used here requires considerable labor and cost, and the'Kyoho '
Then, it turned out that there was an unsolved problem. From these, it was judged that the method of cultivating grapes in a submerged liquid without circulating the culture liquid is a hydroponic cultivation technique that cannot be used in year-round cultivation of grapes having many varieties.

Therefore, in the same year, as a low-cost cultivation method in which grapes can grow without causing root rot, a culture solution in which roots are exposed to air and continuously circulated is used as a shower.
In this condition, if the whole root is sprinkled with water, it is thought that the grape roots can grow smoothly.
-Type circulating hydroponics device was devised, prototyped, and simultaneously prototyped siphon-type circulating hydroponics device (device whose liquid level rises and falls) and submerged-type circulating hydroponics device (device with constant liquid level) ) And "Delaware" (cutting seedlings of 1st year pot growing) were used as a trial and tested.

Here, in the above-mentioned submerged hydroponic culture (aeration method) which was carried out at the same time, it was observed that if the culture solution was not renewed even a little, the roots of the grapes would immediately become root rot. Therefore, in terms of labor, it was an urgent task to make a prototype of a cultivation device that does not require frequent renewal of the culture solution.
Therefore, as shown by the solid line in Figure 2, 'Delaware'
Since it was almost guessed that the suitable nitrogen concentration of the culture solution was about 40 ppm as of mid-July of the same year, the test with the circulation type cultivation device was started in the glass room of the same department from July 14 of the same year. . The cultivation container is a 25 liter acrylic resin container, the amount of the culture liquid in the storage liquid tank at the time of renewal is 100 liters, and every September until the same year,
After that, the culture solution was exchanged every two weeks.

In the second year of 1993 (Heisei 5), the test was continued in a net room (122 m ² ) adjacent to the glass room of the same department using'Delaware 'cultivated in the previous year. A transparent vinyl sheet was placed on the inside of the ceiling of this mesh room to protect from rain. Since the root volume in the second year was larger than that in the first year, the acrylic resin container for cultivation used was 32.7 liters. In the third year of 1994 (Heisei 6), the'Delaware 'cultivated so far was used and the test was continued in the same net room. The container for cultivation was a poly tank with a capacity of 100 liters, and the amount of the culture solution in the reservoir tank was 400 liters. The nitrogen concentration of the culture solution until the third year was 40 ppm, and the concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen as the nitrogen source was 2: 1. The EC of the culture solution was 0.8 to 1.2 mS / cm. The results of this test are shown in Table 1.

As a result, as shown in Table 1, the growth yield by the shower-type circulating hydroponics method was clearly superior to that of the siphon-type and submerged-type circulating hydroponics method, and Yield of 3 years (2 years of treatment)
It was 0.73 kg / m ² and the result was more than that of soil cultivation. The sugar content (Brix) of the fruit was 20, and the quality was also good. Here, since the resin net on the bottom of the cultivating apparatus of FIG. 1 was not spread, the roots dipped in a small amount of the culture solution stagnating on the bottom tended to root rot, but due to the increase in the amount of roots. The effect on growth was small. However, it was revealed that in the submerged circulation hydroponics in which most of the roots were immersed, roots tended to rot in general and the growth was the poorest. Therefore, the test area by the submerged circulation type hydroponic culture was not established in the third year.

Next, during the four months from April 19, 1995 (August 1995) to August 17, 1995, a new one was created in the same network room.
"Delaware" of annual tree (potted cutting cutting seedling) was tested and the nitrogen concentration of the culture solution was 20 ppm, EC was 0.5 to 0.7 m
In the case of S / cm, shower-type circulating hydroponics and siphon-type circulating hydroponics were carried out to compare the growths of both cultures. The nitrogen source in the culture broth had a concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen of 2: 1. The test trees were 2 trees in each test section. As a result, the total shoot length of the shower type hydroponics was 7.1 m on average for two trees and 2.8 m for the siphon type hydroponics.

Comparing this result with the total shoot length of nitrogen concentration of 40 ppm in the first year of Table 1, both cultures were inferior to 40 ppm in the case of 20 ppm, and the difference in growth due to the difference in cultivation was nitrogen. It was remarkable at a low concentration of 20 ppm. From this, it was found that the shower-type circulating hydroponics method is superior to the siphon-type circulating hydroponics method even for annual trees of grapes. Regarding the nitrogen concentration of the culture broth, in the case of 40 ppm in Table 1, it is the total shoot length of about 4 months from the mid-July to the leaf-falling stage, which is slightly delayed in the suitable growth period, and if this is 20 ppm, If the total shoot length is 4 months from April, 10.
It is speculated that it had grown to over 7 meters. Based on these points, the preferred nitrogen concentration in the culture medium of'Delaware 'is 2
It can be confirmed that it is about 40 ppm instead of about 0 ppm.

For "Kyoho", a vinyl house (245 m ² ) was installed at the Orchard Department, Horticulture Department, at the same test site, and 1
From June 18, 993, the test was started using the shower-type circulating hydroponics device shown in FIG. In the course of the test conducted in 1992, it was observed that the roots of'Kyoho 'were more susceptible to the effects of moisture damage than'Delaware'. A space was provided between the liquid surface and the roots to eliminate the possibility that the roots would be soaked in the culture solution and decay. For example,
At the position above the surface of a small amount of culture solution stagnating on the bottom surface of the cultivation tank, two vertical upper and lower slats-like supports were provided, and a resin net having different meshes was laid on each surface. For example, the fine wavy line in the lower row near the bottom of the cultivation tank in Figure 1
The wavy line with a large interval located in the upper part of the mesh 2 mm represents the mesh 3 cm.

The shower-type circulating hydroponic cultivation apparatus with a net shown in FIG. 1 targets the entire root 2 of the vine 1 in a shower condition in which the culture solution is continuous while the root is exposed to the air. The water is characterized by sprinkling water sparsely, and laying a mesh 4 made of resin on the bottom of the polyethylene cultivation tank 3 so that the roots are not soaked even in the slightly stagnant culture solution on the bottom. A method and an apparatus for tillage. First, the process leading to the present invention will be described. As already mentioned (0027-0031), in 1992,
"Kyoho" and "Delaware" were cultivated by conventional hydroponics (submerged hydroponics using aeration method), and "Delaware" was able to grow, but "Kyoho" died and grew. I couldn't.

Here, 'Delaware' grows smoothly,
I thought that "Kyoho" died out for some reason. Then, if this cause was found and appropriate countermeasures could be devised, I thought that I could grasp the clue of how to grow'Kyoho 'smoothly. Then, when I continued to observe the process of root death of'Kyoho ', I found three things. First, roots that have not been soaked in the culture solution die due to drying. Second, the roots immersed in the culture rot and die. Third, near the surface of the culture solution, roots that are not soaked in nutrient solution and exposed to air die before the aboveground part begins to die, and the order of death is later than in the first and second cases. Was it.

From this observation result, especially from the third observation result, if the roots are exposed to the air and the nutrients are absorbed from the roots without immersing the roots in the culture solution, the "Kyoho" can be smoothly processed. I thought I would grow up. Therefore, I considered three methods. The first is
In order to prevent the roots from being completely immersed in the small amount of culture solution that stagnates at the bottom of the cultivation tank, a slats-like support base is laid, and a resin net is laid on the surface of the support base. Is provided, and not the spray form, but the whole root is targeted for continuous watering in a sparse shower state and cultivated.

Secondly, a slatted support is formed in a triangular shape like a roof tent, the bottom of this triangle is placed on the bottom of the cultivation tank, and resin nets are laid on both sides, starting from the apex of the triangle. In this method, the culture solution is continuously flowed through the resin net and the roots of the grapes are crawled on the resin net for cultivation. The third is a cultivation method in which the liquid level of the culture solution is raised and lowered at regular time intervals.

When the grapes were cultivated by these three methods, it was found that only the cultivation by the first method satisfactorily grew in the root and the above-ground part of'Kyoho '. In the second method, root rot occurred in the part where the root was constantly in contact with the culture medium, and most of the roots that could not be in contact with the culture medium were dried and died. In the third method, the roots tended to rot and did not die, but because of root pain, the growth of the above-ground part was suppressed,
It turned out to be clearly inferior to the cultivation by the first method. The development process of the device that can actually utilize the first method is described below.

In the present invention, this device was proposed and prototyped as follows. First, the shower part is, for example, 16 mm
For water supply polyvinyl chloride resin pipe is almost square (20 cm per side)
1), the shower nozzle 6 is formed as shown in FIG.
Surrounding the root 2 as shown above, a hole 7 having a diameter of about 2.5 mm is drilled with a hole so that the culture solution can be discharged from the nozzle 6 in a shower state. Eight small holes 7 (32 small holes on four sides in total) were used. The positions of the small holes 7 in the nozzle 6 are, for example, 5 of the eight small holes 7 on one side so that the culture medium indicated by the wavy line with an arrow in FIG. 1 directly contacts the root 2 in a shower state. , Slightly below the horizontal, further below the horizontal, and directly below, so that the culture solution 8 was sparsely applied to the entire root. Further, the same direction of the root 2 was drilled in different directions so that the culture medium in the shower state was not applied.

The remaining three small holes are about 1/2 the depth of the tank toward the wall surface in the cultivation tank 3, slightly obliquely below, and further obliquely below the shower medium 8 in a shower state.
The hole was oriented slightly downward so that it hits the wall. This was aimed at applying the culture medium 8 in a shower state to the inner wall surface, and scattering the scattered culture medium to the roots 2 sparsely. In addition, it was considered that the wall surface in the cultivation tank 3 was wet to retain moisture in the tank and protect the root 2 from drying. When the shower medium 8 is diffused on the wall surface of the cultivation tank 3, the position of the diffusion is set to be about a tank depth of about 1/2 or less because the shower in the shower condition is a cultivated tank. This is because it was prevented that the liquid was applied to the inside of the lid of No. 3 and leaked to the outside of the cultivation tank along the inside of the lid as it was.

It was considered that there are two unsolved problems in order to prototype a device for continuously sprinkling the culture solution in a shower state while exposing the roots to the air. The first is to devise a shower component itself that makes a continuously circulating culture solution into a shower state, and secondly, according to the growth of new roots of grapes, the flow rate of the culture solution in a shower state. Is to install parts that can be adjusted.

As for the first point, the above (0044,0
045), a shower part was devised and prototyped. In the trial manufacture, first, the diameter of the small hole 7 in the shower state was examined by drilling various holes having different diameters from 1.0 to 5.0 mm. As a result, the larger the diameter of the small holes 7, the larger the amount of the culture solution applied to the roots, such as raindrops during heavy rain, and the milder shower conditions such as light rain cannot be obtained. It was found that the number of touched parts was reduced, which was not good for root 2 growth. Therefore, as a preliminary test, a commercially available ultra-small spray nozzle was used, and a continuously circulated culture solution was applied to the root. Because the drizzle-like spray continuously sprinkles water, the root has extremely few parts in contact with the air, and the root surface is always on the whole.
It was found to be bad because it was wet with the culture solution and caused root rot. In addition, in the case where the small hole 7 has a diameter of about 1 mm, if there is a very small piece of the root, the culture solution is continuously circulated, so that the small hole 7 tends to be clogged, and eventually the hole will be broken. Since it was observed that the small holes were blocked, the diameter of the small holes 7 was set to 2.5 mm. Then, it was found that the culture solution 8 could be sprayed on the smooth in a shower state.

Regarding the second unsolved problem, the mounting of the parts capable of adjusting the flow rate of the culture solution in the continuously circulating shower state, the open / close valve used in the tap water PVC pipe 9 is used, and as shown in FIG. It was installed as the liquid supply valve 11 shown, and the valve 11 was loosened or slightly closed. For example, after showering the culture medium in a shower state, it naturally flows from the outlet on the side of the lower end of the bottom surface to the storage tank placed below the cultivation tank by utilizing the water level difference. I did it. As the outflow pipe from this cultivation tank, a commercially available tap polyvinyl chloride pipe for 20 mm was used. This is a shower tube 16mm
The diameter of the outflow pipe is larger than that of the 2
This is for 0 mm so that the liquid droplets that drop toward the bottom of the cultivation tank do not become stagnant and return to the storage liquid tank as soon as possible.

Adjustment of the liquid supply valve 11 when fully opened is as follows.
A small hole with a shower state has already been mentioned (0044, 0
045), since there are 32, the shower flow rate increases more than the outflow amount of the culture solution flowing out from the cultivation tank, and the liquid level of the stagnant culture solution rises to the bottom of the cultivation tank, and eventually, The roots of the grapes were soaked and eventually the culture solution overflowed from the cultivation tank. Therefore, the flow rate in the shower state was adjusted by slightly closing the liquid supply valve 11 so as to be lower than the outflow amount from the cultivation tank 3. For example, as described above (0025), the flow rate of the culture medium in the shower state is 4.2 liters per minute from April to November, and from December to March, the flow rate is 1/3 or less of the former, It is 1.2 liters. The flow rate is different between summer and winter, but this means that the flow rate was high during the period when vines were growing rapidly.

In order to prevent the culture solution from stagnation on the bottom surface of the cultivation tank, it is desirable to install the culture solution outlet 12 directly below the bottom surface of the cultivation tank. In the present invention, as shown in FIG. The outflow port 12 to the storage liquid tank was attached to the bottom end of the wall surface, which is the tank lateral surface, near the bottom surface of the cultivation tank. A commercially available hard rubber-like resin packing was sandwiched and connected between the cultivation tank 3 and the outflowing 20 mm tap vinyl chloride pipe so that the culture solution would not leak.

The outlet 12 is attached to the lowermost end of the wall surface of the cultivation tank 3 because if a liquid leak occurs due to a natural disaster caused by a slight earthquake or deterioration of the material used for many years of the cultivation apparatus, the cultivation is performed. This is because it is likely that it is the connection part between the tank and the culture solution outflow pipe, and that the wall surface that is the lateral surface of the tank is less troublesome than the area directly below the bottom surface of the tank when repairing. The position of the outflow port 12 on the wall surface of the cultivation tank 3 was set to the lowest end so that the culture solution would not be stagnant on the bottom surface of the tank.

However, since the packing for preventing liquid leakage is sandwiched between the cultivation tank and the outflow pipe, about 3 cm is required between the outlet and the bottom even at the bottom end close to the bottom. Since the culture solution has accumulated, the outlet side of the cultivation tank is slightly lowered from the horizontal, for example, in the range of 5 to 10 degrees (average of 8 degrees for 6 cultivation tanks), so that the cultivation solution does not stagnate on the bottom even a little. I devised it.

However, since a small amount of the culture solution still stagnates on the bottom surface, the viewpoint is changed next, and a resin net 4 is attached between the surface of the culture solution and a small amount of the culture solution near the bottom surface. Therefore, it was considered that the roots would not soak in the culture medium and would not rot. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG.
38), the resin net 4 was attached in two stages. The fine wavy lines near the bottom of FIG. 1 represent the mesh of 2 mm, and the large wavy lines in the upper row represent the mesh of 3 cm. In the case of the lower mesh 2 cm, tap water PVC pipe for 20 mm is large enough to fit in a cultivation tank (length 38 cm, width 54 cm)
Then, a sun-shaped frame was assembled into a shape in which the Japanese character was stretched to the left and right, two resin nets with a mesh of 2 mm were stacked on the upper surface of this frame, and they were tied together with a nylon thread.

Two short legs (about 3 cm) with a 20 mm tap PVC pipe were attached to the lower side of the frame on the outlet side so that the net became horizontal and the roots could be easily observed. Capillary roots could be supported by this net, but due to the double superposition of nets, stagnation for a short time due to the surface tension of the culture solution was observed on a part of the surface of the net. Then, further 20m
A square frame with a m water tap PVC pipe was assembled without legs, a resin net with a mesh of 3 cm was tied to the surface of the frame with a resin string, and placed on a net with a mesh of 2 mm. There was a space of about 3 cm between the lower and upper nets, so there was no concern that the root would be submerged in the culture solution.

When new roots began to grow vigorously, it was feared that the roots would enter the outlet of the cultivation tank and block the outflow pipe. We cut out the PVC pipe that supports the net so that it can be confirmed by checking that the root does not enter the outlet. In addition, in the second year and the third year, it was observed that the amount of roots increased, the roots broke through the fine resin nets in the lower row and were dipped in a small amount of stagnant culture solution. The soaked roots showed some root rot tendency, but the proportion of the roots in the whole was very small, and there was no adverse effect on the growth of aboveground parts.

The grape cultivation tank 3 is, for example, as shown in FIG.
A commercially available polyvinyl chloride resin having a size of 4 cm, a width of 64 cm, and a depth of 38 cm was used. When selecting a cultivation tank, the size of the capacity, the shape of the tank, for example, a cylindrical shape was considered, but in ordinary grape soil cultivation, in order to obtain root-limited yield and yield equivalent to that of an orchard, It is known that the distributed volume of roots in one grape tree requires at least 60 liters. Therefore, the capacity of the cultivation tank is 100 liters, which is rounded off 60 liters, as a standard type, and two kinds of cultivation tanks with 200 liters capacity are used to grow grape trees for 3 years. It can be seen that both roots and above-ground parts grow well, and the cost of the 100-liter capacity tank is lower than that of the 200-liter capacity tank. Therefore, the following example will be explained using a cultivation tank of 100 liter capacity. .

Regarding the shape of the tank, in the case of a cylindrical shape,
If the outflow port to the stored liquid tank is connected directly below the bottom surface, no labor is required, but in the present invention, the above-mentioned (0050 to 005).
For reasons such as 2), it is more difficult to connect a cylindrical tank to a wall surface on the side of the tank than a flat tank, so this is not adopted. There are box-shaped tanks such as a rectangular parallelepiped and a cube-shaped tank, but since it was easy to observe the root growth and it was thought that a low-cost tank would be good, a box-shaped tank with a rectangular parallelepiped shape was used.

The lid 13 of the cultivation tank is provided with a commercially available plastic lid for the purpose of keeping a certain amount of humidity in the tank 3 so that the roots exposed to the air in the tank are not shaded. Using. As shown in FIG. 1, this lid is cut in half, the cut lids are arranged in a rectangular shape before being cut, and a circular hole 14 (for example, a diameter of 8 cm is formed in the range where the vines enter around the intersection of the diagonal lines). ). On the surface of the lid 13, a resin net having a mesh of 2 mm was doubled and stuck in places with a gum tape. this is,
Since the lid is made of polyvinyl chloride resin, the lid is likely to deteriorate when constantly exposed to light. Therefore, if the lid surface is shielded with, for example, a resin net, the lid will last a little longer.

In this way, although the lid was still strong as of September 1995, after almost three years and four months had passed, it was exposed to sunlight passing through the vinyl on the roof of the vinyl house. In the case of the opened lid, it has deteriorated in some places from the corners, and the lid is no longer functioning, so the lid was renewed. Here, no aluminum foil was used as a substitute for the shading net. This is because I was concerned that direct sunlight would be reflected on the aluminum foil and the lower leaves of the grapes would be burnt. The sheet-like gray poly film which does not reflect light, which is commercially available, is not used because it requires a high cost.

A piece of board (for example, a thickness of 0.5 cm and a width of 2 to 5 cm) was placed on the mating portion of the lid 13 which was cut in half and the gap around the vine 1. It is generally known that the roots of plants easily grow in the direction opposite to the light, so it is desirable to stretch the roots even a little, and to prevent light from leaking from the joints of the lids and hitting the roots, shade it. A piece of board was used for the purpose. Furthermore, during a typhoon, there was a concern that the lid could be blown away by the strong wind, so a stick stick on the lid could be used as a weight, for example, a 5 cm square, 80 cm long.
Two to four wooden rods were placed.

For example, when a typhoon with an instantaneous wind speed of about 25 m hit in 1993, a part of the vinyl of the house was torn, but the lid with a stick stick did not fly. However, the lid without the stick stick as a fun piece instantly slipped off the cultivation tank, so I quickly put the lid on the tank and put the stick stick on it. In the San'in region, there are many days with strong winds even when no typhoon strikes, so two sticks are always placed on the lid.

On the other hand, when the temperature is high in summer, for example, when the maximum daytime temperature in the house exceeds 40 ° C. for many days, the temperature of the culture solution can be increased by placing the lid on the cultivation tank. Even if the temperature is around 30 ° C, the maximum temperature in the cultivation tank exceeds 35 ° C, the temperature of the culture solution also rises, and some of the roots become damp and begin to die from the tips of the capillary roots. When a 5 cm square wooden stick was inserted between the top and the wall on the left and right ends of the cultivation tank in FIG. 1 and air was allowed to flow in through a small gap, the cultivation tank disappeared and the culture solution and cultivation were carried out. It was found that the temperature in the tank remained around 30 ° C. and the roots recovered from the high temperature injury and started to grow steadily.

Although it was feared that the roots would be dried due to the inflow of air from the clearance, the flow rate in the shower state was the above (0
025), the amount is 4.2 liters per minute from April to November, and the orientation of the small pores is devised so that the shower medium is sparsely distributed over the entire root. Therefore, root death due to drying was not observed. In addition, this gap was so small that no light entered. When the temperature of the culture solution changes below 25 ° C, the lid changes depending on the year,
As early as mid-September, and later after October, the rod for air inflow was pulled out and placed exactly on the cultivation tank to prevent the temperature drop of the culture solution. In the winter, the house was warmed, but no root stuffiness was observed.

The cultivation tank was buried in the soil as shown in FIG. 1 in order to keep the temperature of the culture solution to some extent. In the method of continuously feeding the culture solution to the cultivation tank, a storage tank was buried below the cultivation tank, and the culture solution was constantly pumped from the storage tank. The pump is, for example, a commercially available small magnet pump (lifts 10 to 18).
m, pumping capacity 15 to 30 liters / minute).
The storage tank has a capacity of, for example, 200 liters or 40
We examined 0-500 liters and 1,000 liters, but the commercially available tank (made of polyvinyl chloride resin) has a low cost of 200 liters, and the culture solution covers almost one week even in the summer, and the grapes grow smoothly. Therefore, an example in which a 200-liter capacity plastic tank is used as a storage liquid tank will be described below.

The planar positional relationship between the storage liquid tank and the cultivation tank will be described in the form of a convex shape. The storage liquid tank is buried in the soil at the position of the central apex when the projection is tilted forward to a horizontal position. The cultivation tanks are on both the left and right sides (towards the front)
A total of two units were buried in the soil, one at the end of each. The positional relationship on the horizontal surface will be described by the letter of the product. In the letter, the lower left mouth portion corresponds to the reservoir tank, and the upper mouth portion corresponds to the cultivation tank. At the lower right mouth, the soil was dug up in a stepwise fashion so that the degree of decrease in the amount of liquid in the storage liquid tank could be observed.

The water level difference between the storage liquid tank and the outlet of the cultivation tank is, for example, 20 to 30 cm immediately after the culture liquid is renewed.
(6 cultivation tanks average 25 cm). The culture solution dripped on the bottom surface of the cultivation tank is the same as described above (0048,00).
As shown in 49), the natural water level difference was used to continuously return to the reservoir tank. A commercially available lid was placed on the reservoir tank in a close contact state, and an aluminum foil was attached to the surface of the lid to prevent the culture solution from evaporating. The depth from the lid surface to the ground surface is about 50 cm, and a panel plate is directly pressed against the soil cross section in the bare ground state, and a metal pipe of grape house waste is put between the panel plate and the storage tank. It was driven into the soil as a pillar, and the panel plate was supported so that the soil cross section would not fall down on the lid of the storage tank.

When viewed downward from the ground surface, a large rectangular parallelepiped hole is present in the vertical descending direction, and the reservoir is at the bottom of the hole. For this reason, it is important to take precautions to prevent injury while falling off the storage tank while working, and to avoid injury during the summer.In addition, the strong sunlight in the summer hits the lid of the storage tank to protect the stored culture solution. Panel plate (length 90cm, width 180cm) so as not to affect the temperature
Was used as the lid of the hole, and aluminum foil was attached to the surface of the panel board. Further, in order to prevent reflection of sunlight due to aluminum foil, a resin net having a mesh of 2 mm was doubled between the panel plate and the grape shelf to form a roof-corresponding portion, like a roof tent.

By devising in this way,
As described above (0062, 0063), in combination with devising measures to prevent temperature rise in the cultivation tank, the temperature of the culture solution in the reservoir tank was 30 during the past three years until September 1995 even at high temperature in summer. It was possible to keep the temperature around ℃ at a low cost, prevent further temperature rise, and the grapes grew smoothly.

Since the reservoir tank is buried in the soil,
In poorly-drained soil, for example, in a place where highly viscous soil is distributed, underground water may seep out and flow into a reservoir tank. Especially in the San'in region, the amount of rainfall per hour is 1
The frequency of rainfall from 0 to 20 mm is high, and sometimes the total rainfall per day is 150 mm or more.
Soil water flowed into the storage tank several times in the past three years until the moon, and the culture solution was renewed each time, which was troublesome. Therefore, as a countermeasure, for example, when the soil cross section above the tank is cemented with cement from the depth 1/2 of the reservoir tank to the ground surface and the panel board is pressed against it, the soil water seeps out. Could be prevented. In addition, since there was concern about seepage of soil water from the beginning, a pump for pumping the culture solution was installed on the ground surface from the start of the test.

Next, a specific test example using the cultivation method and device of the present invention will be described with a focus on "Kyoho". In the test area, the suitable nitrogen concentration in the culture solution of'Delaware 'was about 40 ppm, so the concentration of nitrogen in the culture solution was 40 ppm, and the concentration was 20 ppm and 80 pp.
3 wards of m were established in 1993. Two cultivators for 100-liter plastic tanks are installed in each ward, and two or three “Kyoho” first-year trees (potted seedlings) are installed in each plant.
Tree trials were conducted, and 1 test section was 4 to 6 trees. The liquid amount of the culture liquid in the storage liquid tank was 200 liters, and the hydroponics device and the storage liquid tank were buried in the soil to keep the temperature of the culture liquid within a certain range. EC of the culture solution is 0.8-
It was set to 1.2 mS / cm.

The concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen as the nitrogen source was set to 2: 1. As a result, root rot occurred in all the test plots, did not grow satisfactorily, and was in the defoliation stage of the same year.
The shoot length on 9th of March was less than 2m. Nitrogen concentration 20
The shoot length in ppm is shown as part of FIG. The test was totally unsuccessful. Regarding this cause, since it grew well in'Delaware ', it was judged that there is a problem that should be solved in the concentration of the culture solution rather than an unsolved problem in the cultivation device, and it was investigated. Was considered to be a high-concentration disorder such as nitrogen in the culture solution.

Therefore, in 1994, using the same cultivation apparatus at the same place, a new'Kyoho 'first-year tree (potted seedling) was tested and heated from January 4th at 18 ° C and the test started. did.
Until March of the same year, the same processing as the previous year is performed and April 15
The concentration of 80ppm of nitrogen concentration per day is 1ppm, 40p
The concentration in the pm section was lowered to 5 ppm. by this,
After confirming that the roots of both plots were rooting smoothly and the shoots were growing, the concentration of 80ppm plot was 1pp on May 26 of the same year.
Set from 10m to 10ppm, then 80ppm section 10p
The pm, 40 ppm group was defined as a 5 ppm group.

On the other hand, in the 20 ppm group as well, since rooting and growth of new shoots stopped from around the end of April, the concentration of the culture solution was reduced to 1 ppm on May 26, and thereafter the concentration was set to 1 ppm. The EC level of the culture solution was lower than last year, and was 0.5 to 0.7 mS / cm in each section. The concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen as the nitrogen source is 2: 1 as in the previous year.
And

As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, all the plots showed favorable growth, and the shoot length on October 7, which is the defoliation stage of the same year, had a nitrogen concentration of 10 ppm at 25 m and a 5 ppm plot of 18
It reached m and both areas showed growth higher than soil cultivation. In the 1 ppm nitrogen concentration group, the roots grew smoothly, but the nitrogen concentration of the culture solution was low, and the shoot length was 11 m. From the above results. The suitable nitrogen concentration for the growth of'Kyoho 'annual trees is 5 to 10 ppm when the EC changes in the range of 0.5 to 0.7 mS / cm.
Turned out to be at a lower level than.

With respect to "Kyoho", the test started in the previous year in 1995 was continued. It can be harvested in late May of the same year, and the yield per canopy area is 10 ppm nitrogen.
0.25 kg / m ² , 5 ppm 0.24 kg / m ²
It was cm ² , and as a result of the treatment for 1 year, it was almost the same level as soil cultivation, but in the 2nd year, the green color of the leaves tended to become slightly thin in each ward, and the roots grew smoothly. However, the growth of shoots on the ground has become slow.

This was observed to be deficient in nitrogen for the vines, and the EC level of the culture broth was reduced as much as possible, and at the same time, the nitrogen concentration of the culture broth could be increased to a level just below the level at which high-concentration disorders did not occur. Therefore, it was thought that the above-ground part would grow smoothly without causing root rot. Therefore, the EC of the culture solution was adjusted to 0.5 to 0.7 mS / cm, and the
From 8th, the concentration of nitrogen concentration 1ppm will be changed to 20ppm,
The 5 ppm plot was 40 ppm from July 2 to August 3, 30 ppm from August 4 the next day, and the subsequent 30 ppm plot. As the green color became significantly lighter in the 10 ppm area,
It was increased to 40ppm from August 11 of the same year, then 40p
It was set as the pm ward.

As a result, in all the test plots, roots and aboveground parts grew well. In addition, "Kyoho" in each test area
As a result of the new test observation of the 1st year tree (potted seedling) from May 24 of the same year, even if the nitrogen concentration of the culture solution increased at the same time as the 2nd year tree as described above, the root and The above-ground part grew well, and the shoot length on August 31 was 20.0 m for the 20 ppm group and 18.8 m for the 30 ppm group, and good results were obtained.

Further, in the shower-type circulating hydroponics with a net, the effect of the difference in the EC level of the culture solution on the shoot length was examined when a "Kyoho" first-year tree (potted seedling) was tested. Glass greenhouse (200 m ² ) of the Orchard Department
, From May 30, 1994 to September 5, 1994. Culture solution nitrogen concentration 10ppm, EC 0.3m
There were three levels of S / cm, 0.5 mS / cm, and 1.0 mS / cm. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, 0.5 mS / c
The m-districts tended to outperform, but no growth disorder was observed in any of them. Here, the concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen as the nitrogen source was set to 2: 1.

From the above, Table 2 summarizes the relationship between the nitrogen concentration in the culture solution and EC when "Kyoho" was tested and the shower type circulating hydroponics device with a net was used. The EC of the culture solution here represents the range from the time when the culture solution was updated to the time immediately before the next update, and was shown as the average number of updates during the measurement period. The EC measurement was performed from July 15, 1993 to September 20, 1995. When the EC is 0.5 to 0.7 mS / cm, the nitrogen concentration of 1 to 10 ppm is 46 times in the 1st year of'Kyoho 'and 7 times in the 2nd year, and the concentration of nitrogen is 20 ppm. In the first and second years, 25 times, 30 ppm is 17 times, and 40 ppm is 15 times. If the EC is 0.8 to 1.2 mS / cm, the first year,
9 times in the second year. As the number of times of renewal, the value when the culture solution EC was measured at the time of renewal and immediately before the next renewal was adopted.

[Kyoho] 1st grade trees (potted seedlings)
In the shower-type circulating hydroponics with a net as a test, the difference in concentration ratio between nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen as nitrogen sources was tested in 1995. When the temperature of the culture solution remained around 30 ° C, there was concern about some toxicity affecting the roots of ammonia, so when the concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen was set to 4: 1, the pH of the culture solution was , Which was 6.5 or more, and some new shoot leaves had iron deficiency symptoms. Therefore, when 4: 1 was changed to 3: 1, iron deficiency symptoms were corrected and normal growth was shown. These results and the above (0070-0
Table 4 summarizes the concentration ratio of the nitrogen source in the culture solution when "Kyoho" was tested together with the results of 074, 0078). In addition, from the results described above (0029 to 0031, 0034), Table 5 summarizes the concentration ratios in'Derawera '.

[0081]

[Table 4]

[0082]

[Table 5]

From the above results, for grapes such as "Kyoho" and "Delaware", the method and apparatus for hydroponic cultivation in which the roots are exposed to the air while continuously spraying water in the form of shower using the present invention is provided. Often, the preferable nitrogen concentration of the culture solution when using this method and apparatus is 5 to 40 ppm, and nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ -N) and ammonia nitrogen (N 3
H ₄ -N) has a concentration ratio of 2: 1 or 3: 1,
The EC (electrical conductivity) of the culture solution at this time is 0.5 to 1.
It was found to be 2 mS / cm.

[0084]

When the present invention is used for viticulture, the following effects are obtained. First of all, now that the society for the elderly has come, regardless of whether it is a flat area or a mountainous area, the present invention reduces soil labor and fertilizer management labor than general soil cultivation, so viticulture is possible. Help promote.

Secondly, it is possible to obtain a yield and quality equal to or higher than those of conventional soil cultivation. In addition, it enables uniform nutrient management, produces less uneven cultivation, and produces grapes of uniform quality.

Thirdly, in the present invention, since temperature control of the culture solution is easy, grapes can be sufficiently grown even in winter, and if the two-stage cropping technique being developed in conventional soil cultivation is docked, Cultivation of three crops a year is not a dream, yields will increase dramatically, and grapes can be supplied to the market at any time, and further profit growth is expected.

Fourth, in general soil cultivation, it is possible to cultivate a region where grapes do not grow smoothly due to poor soil, for example, a region where gravel soil has a shallow effective soil layer.

Fifth, the results of the present invention are useful for improving fertilizer application in conventional soil cultivation. For example, "Kyoho" is usually applied with an amount of fertilizer equivalent to that of "Delaware", and there are cases where the tree vigor is high, flowers are easy to bloom, and fruits are difficult to bear. At the site, mainly practicing a small amount of fertilizer, and pruning technology and soil making have been dealt with, but the result of the present invention suggests that the conventional amount of fertilizer can be further reduced, thus reducing the cost of soil cultivation. It also helps to promote eco-friendly agriculture that aims to reduce fertilizer while not reducing yield.

Sixth, the hydroponic culture of the present invention is completely different in the cultivation method and apparatus from the conventional soil cultivation, and the growth environment for grapes is also different. But,
Conditions for good growth for a crop called grapes,
Alternatively, basic properties such as the limit of adaptability of grapes to different environments can be maintained to a considerable extent and stable grape production can be achieved even if the growth environment and the cultivation method are significantly different.

Seventhly, the use of the present invention increases the possibility that grapes can be cultivated anytime and anywhere more efficiently than in conventional soil cultivation. It is thought that this means a lot. For example, polar and extremely cold regions where grapes cannot grow, large space rockets and large passenger ships, various exhibition venues that call for a livable global environment for growing grapes and plants, and exhibition places as interiors in office buildings. It is possible to grow grapes in a limited space and place.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a shower-type circulating hydroponics device with a net.

[Fig.2] Effect of difference in N concentration on total shoot length of'Delaware 'in submerged hydroponics using aeration method (19
1992).

[Fig. 3] N in a shower-type circulating hydroponics with a net
Graph showing the effect of different concentrations on the total shoot length of'Kyoho '.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the influence (1994) of the culture solution concentration in'Kyoho 'on the average shoot length.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Grape 2 Root 3 Cultivation tank 4 Net (support shelf) 6 Nozzle 7 Small hole 8 Culture solution

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor, Sai Qi, 2440, Ashido Town, Izumo City, Shimane Prefecture, Shimane Prefecture Agricultural Experiment Station (72) Inventor, Masahiro 2440, 2440, Ashido Town, Izumo City, Shimane Prefecture, Shimane Prefecture Agricultural Experiment Station (72) Inventor Akinaga Tamura 2440 Ashido Town, Izumo City, Shimane Prefecture Inside the Shimane Agricultural Experiment Station

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A method for hydroponic cultivation, in which a culture solution (8) is sprinkled on a root (2) of a vine (1) inserted into a cultivation tank (3) while being in contact with air. A grape characterized in that the root (2) is supported away from the bottom surface of the cultivation tank (3) so that the root (2) is not immersed in the culture solution (8) accumulated on the bottom surface of the cultivation tank (3). Hydroponics method. 2. The method and apparatus for hydroponic cultivation of grapes according to claim 1, wherein a water-resistant support shelf (4) is formed on the bottom surface of the cultivation tank (3). 3. A culture solution (8) having a nitrogen concentration of 5 to 40 pp.
The method for hydroponics of grapes according to claim 1 or 2, wherein m is m. 4. The electric conductivity of the culture solution (8) is 0.5 to.
It is 1.2 mS / cm, The hydroponic cultivation method of the grape | vine of Claim 1 or 2 or 3. 5. The concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ —N) and ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ —N) as nitrogen sources in the culture solution (8) is 2: 1 to 3: 1. Alternatively, 2 or 3 or 4 of the hydroponic cultivation method for grapes. 6. A cultivation tank (3) into which a root (2) of a vine (1) is inserted, a nozzle (6) for sprinkling water toward the root (2) is housed and arranged, and the cultivation tank (3) is 3) At the position below the root (2) inserted in
A hydroponic cultivation device for grapes, comprising a water-permeable support shelf (4) for placing and supporting the inserted root (2). 7. The apparatus for hydroponic cultivation of grapes according to claim 6, wherein the support shelf (4) is a water resistant net (4).