JPH09188884A - Unleaded automotive fuel and preparation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a pollution-free unleaded automotive fuel excellent in car starting and accelerating properties, low in fuel consumption and free from exhaust of carbon monoxide, tetraethyllead, hydrocarbons, etc., by mixing toluene with hexane and kerosene. SOLUTION: 100 pts. toluene is mixed with 3-35 pts. (outer vol. ratio) n- hexane (increased by 15 to 35 pts. in winter for enhancement of the ignitability of the resulting fuel, and decreased by 3 to 15 pts. in summer) for enhancement of the ignitability, and homogeneously mixed with 10-30 pts. kerosene to obtain an unleaded automotive fuel. In a process for preparing the fuel, toluene, n- hexane and kerosene are fed at a specified proportion into a vessel made of stainless steel or the like excellent in corrosion resistance, and stirred to homogeneously mix the organic substances in the vessel while closing the vessel, the lid of which may be provided with a vent if necessary. The n-hexane content is decreased in summer to increase the kerosene content since the fuel becomes easily volatile in summer.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel for a lead-free vehicle used for an internal combustion engine such as an engine mounted on a vehicle and a method for producing the same, and more particularly, a fuel for a lead-free vehicle containing toluene as a main component and containing no lead. It relates to a manufacturing method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, gasoline has been used as fuel for an engine mounted on an automobile or the like. Gasoline refers to a mixture of hydrocarbons having a relatively low boiling point, and the hydrocarbons include olefinic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthenes, paraffins and the like. The composition and content ratio vary greatly depending on the place of origin and the manufacturing method, and gasoline is mixed with various hydrocarbons and impurities. If you classify gasoline according to the manufacturing method, straight-run gasoline,
There are cracked gasoline, synthetic gasoline, natural gasoline, and artificial gasoline. Straight-distilled gasoline is gasoline obtained by distilling crude oil, and is classified into three types depending on the origin of the crude oil: one rich in paraffin hydrocarbons, one naphthenic, and one containing a large amount of aromatic hydrocarbons. The calorific value is 120
It is about 00 kcal / kg.

Cracked gasoline is obtained when a high boiling point petroleum fraction is converted to a low boiling point oil by thermal cracking or catalytic cracking. Light oil or heavy oil is used as the high boiling point petroleum fraction. The cracking method includes a non-catalytic method that does not use a catalyst and a catalytic cracking method that uses a catalyst, and the catalytic cracking method is used when efficiently producing gasoline with a high octane number. Synthetic gasoline is produced by polymerization of cracked gas (particularly isobutene) or condensation of isoolefin and isoparaffin, and is a high-grade gasoline having a good antiknock property in terms of chemical structure. Natural gasoline is a relatively low boiling point gasoline contained in the wet natural gas from the oil field, and is often called casing head gasoline.

[0004]

However, the above-mentioned gasoline still has the following problems to be solved. That is, since lead is contained as an impurity or anti-knock material, lead remains in the exhaust gas as tetraethyl lead and is discharged into the atmosphere as it is, and the discharged lead causes air pollution and deteriorates the environment. There is a problem.
The exhaust gas produced by burning gasoline contains carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, and these pollutants pollute the atmosphere and adversely affect the human body and living organisms. In order to remove these pollutants, various secondary combustion devices are attached to the exhaust pipes of automobiles and the pollutants of exhaust gas are separated from the exhaust gas. It is difficult to completely remove some carbon monoxide, tetraethyl lead or hydrocarbon physically and chemically, and a secondary combustion device must be installed, which complicates the structure of the car and increases the productivity of the car. There is also a problem of poor mass productivity. Further, since it is directly refined from petroleum, it requires a large and complicated apparatus for production, is not suitable for small-scale production, and has a problem of relatively high price.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is excellent in starting ability and accelerating ability of an automobile, has extremely high fuel consumption, and exhausts pollutants such as carbon monoxide, tetraethyl lead or hydrocarbons. It is an object of the present invention to provide a lead-free automobile fuel which is not contained in gas, has little air pollution and is pollution-free, and a method for producing the same.

[0006]

According to the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor device comprising:
The unleaded fuel for automobiles described above is hexane 3 which improves the ignitability in an external content and a volume ratio with respect to 100 parts of toluene.
~ 35 parts and 10 to 30 parts of kerosene are mixed. Further, the lead-free automobile fuel according to claim 2 is the lead-free automobile fuel according to claim 1, in which, in the winter, the hexane content is increased in the range of 15 to 35 parts to enhance the ignitability. The lead-free automobile fuel according to claim 3 is the same as the lead-free automobile fuel according to claim 1, wherein the hexane content is reduced in the range of 3 to 15 parts in summer. A lead-free automobile fuel according to claim 4 is the lead-free automobile fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hexane is n-hexane. The method for producing a lead-free automobile fuel according to claim 5 is toluene 1
Hexane 3 to 35 by volume with respect to 00 parts
Parts and 10 to 30 parts of kerosene are uniformly mixed. here,
Hexane is n-hexane, 3-methylpentane, 2
-Methylpentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, 2,2-
Although dimethylbutane can be mentioned, it is preferable to use n-hexane for economic reasons.

[0007]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described to provide an understanding of the present invention. The lead-free automobile fuel according to the embodiment of the present invention is toluene 10
With respect to 0 part, n-hexane 3 to 3 in an external fraction and a volume ratio
5 parts, particularly preferably 5 to 30 parts are contained. When the content of n-hexane is less than 5 parts, the flash point of the fuel for unleaded automobiles tends to rise, the startability at the time of starting the automobile deteriorates, and the change in the engine speed tends not to follow, which is not preferable. . In particular, in the winter when the atmospheric temperature is low, there are cases where ignition cannot be performed even by sparks of the plug. When n-hexane exceeds 30 parts, the volatility becomes high, and when stored for a long time, n-hexane volatilizes into the atmosphere, and the components of the lead-free automobile fuel deteriorate. Further, the volume of the unleaded fuel for automobiles itself is reduced, the fuel efficiency when actually used is lowered, and the economical efficiency tends to be deteriorated, which is not preferable.

The lead-free automobile fuel according to one embodiment of the present invention contains 10 to 30 parts, particularly preferably 15 to 25 parts, of kerosene in an external and volume ratio to 100 parts of toluene. When the amount of kerosene is less than 15 parts, the specific gravity decreases, the consumption of unleaded automobile fuel during combustion increases, and the fuel consumption of the automobile tends to increase, which is not preferable. Further, the octane number becomes low, and abnormal combustion (knocking) in which the position of the ignition point deviates from the normal position is likely to occur, which causes a problem in running, which is not preferable. As more than 25 parts of kerosene is contained, the ignition point rises, the starting at the time of starting becomes difficult and the engine becomes hard to start, and it is not possible to follow the high speed change of the rotation speed, and the acceleration performance of the car tends to decrease. Not preferable.

Here, toluene means --C on the benzene ring.
It has a structure to which an H ₃ group is added, and is mixed with an organic solvent in all proportions. Table 1 shows the physical properties of toluene.

[0010]

[Table 1]

As shown in Table 1, the specific gravity of toluene is 0.
The value is about 87, which is an appropriate value for achieving both the running property of the automobile and the amount of fuel used. The flash point is about 4 ° C., and the ignition temperature is about 552 ° C., which is slightly higher than that used alone as fuel for the engine. Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon and has a higher octane number and a higher antiknock property than paraffinic hydrocarbons. The octane number shows the same antiknock property as the sample fuel by making a standard fuel with a mixture of hydrocarbons existing in ordinary gasoline at an arbitrary ratio of isooctane having the highest antiknock property and n-heptane having the lowest antiknock property. The volume percent of isooctane in the standard mixture is the octane number of the sample. Toluene is produced by dehydroaromatization of methylcyclohexane or cycloheptane in petroleum at a high temperature, and a large amount of toluene having high purity and few impurities is produced at low cost.

N-Hexane is represented by straight-chain C ₆ H ₁₄ and is produced by distilling petroleum from a large amount at low cost, and its physical properties are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, the specific gravity is as small as about 0.67, and the value is too small to be used alone as fuel for the engine. The flash point is -17.
Since the temperature is about 0 ° C and the ignition temperature is about 390 ° C, when used alone as a fuel, the amount of fuel used increases, which is not suitable. Kerosene is an intermediate distillate of naphtha and light oil in atmospheric distillation of crude oil, and is composed of various hydrocarbons, and its physical properties are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, the specific gravity is about 0.9, which is slightly higher than that of toluene or n-hexane. The flash point is about 16 ℃, and the ignition temperature is 670.
It is about ℃ and cannot be used alone as fuel for the engine. This is because kerosene is formed from hydrocarbons having a higher molecular weight than toluene or n-hexane.

As mentioned above, toluene, n-hexane,
Even if each kerosene is used alone, it is not suitable as a fuel for automobiles. The present inventors have recognized that by mixing three kinds of organic substances in the proportions according to the embodiment of the present invention, they have suitable properties as fuel for automobiles, and have completed the present invention.

Next, a method for producing a fuel for a lead-free automobile having the above structure will be described. Toluene, n-hexane, and kerosene are well mixed, so that a mixture having a uniform composition can be prepared simply by putting each organic substance in the same container and thoroughly stirring and mixing them. As the container, a tank made of stainless steel or the like having excellent corrosion resistance is used. Toluene, n-hexane, and kerosene are put into the tank at a predetermined ratio, and then the tank is closed with a lid. Here, it is also possible to stir by opening a ventilation air hole in the lid. Further, the organic substance in the tank is stirred and uniformly mixed with an impeller or the like to produce the lead-free automobile fuel according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Further, in the fuel for a lead-free automobile according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the content of the n-hexane is increased in the range of 15 to 35 parts to enhance the ignitability in winter. In summer, the content of n-hexane is preferably reduced within the range of 3 to 15 parts. In winter, the temperature of the atmosphere decreases, which reduces the ignitability of unleaded automotive fuel. Therefore, by increasing the content of n-hexane having a high ignitability and decreasing the content of kerosene having a low ignitability, it is possible to improve the ignitability of the fuel for unleaded automobiles. As the content of n-hexane becomes less than 15 parts, the ignitability deteriorates, which is not preferable. On the contrary, in summer, the temperature of the atmosphere rises, so there is no problem with ignitability. On the contrary, it is preferable to increase the content of kerosene and decrease the content of n-hexane because the fuel for unleaded automobiles is easily volatilized. When the content of n-hexane exceeds 15 parts, the amount of volatilization increases, which is not preferable.

As described above, in the fuel for a lead-free automobile according to the embodiment of the present invention, 3 to 35 parts of n-hexane for improving the ignitability in proportion to 100 parts of toluene is added, and kerosene. Since it contains 10 to 30 parts,
The following remarkable effects can be achieved. Generally, in the fuel for automobiles, the lower the specific gravity and the flash point are, the better the starting performance and the accelerating property are. On the other hand, the fuel consumption is large. Although the consumption is low, the start-up and acceleration are reduced. In the unleaded automobile fuel according to the embodiment of the present invention, toluene, n
-Adjusting the specific gravity and flash point to be optimum for automobile fuel by mixing appropriate amounts of hexane and kerosene. As a result, it is possible to reduce fuel consumption while being excellent in startability and acceleration, and it is possible to obtain a comprehensively excellent automobile fuel by harmonizing various characteristics required for automobile fuel. Further, although the starting property and the accelerating property at the time of starting are excellent, the octane number is high, abnormal combustion (knocking) is less likely to occur, the running property is excellent, and the reliability can be enhanced. Further, it is not necessary to add an antiknock material such as tetraethyl lead, and impurities are not mixed in the lead-free automobile fuel. In addition, since toluene, n-hexane, and kerosene, which are each separated into high purity, are used, the exhaust gas does not contain harmful impurities such as tetraethyl lead, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbon, and the exhaust gas is clean. It is safe because it does not pollute the atmosphere and does not cause pollution or environmental damage.

As described above, the present invention is not limited to the configurations described in the above-described embodiments, and other embodiments and modifications that can be considered within the scope of the matters described in the claims. Is included. In this embodiment, n-hexane was used, but 3-methylpentane, 2
-Methylpentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, 2,2-
Dimethyl butane or the like can also be used.

[0018]

EXAMPLES Next, specific examples of the present invention will be described as examples. First, 10 liters of toluene, 0.7 liters of n-hexane and 2.7 liters of kerosene were prepared. These three kinds of organic substances were respectively put into a cylindrical tank made of stainless steel. After the lid was closed, a rotary impeller was inserted from the top and the motor was used to rotate the impeller. The lid has perforated air holes. The three kinds of organic materials were mixed uniformly to produce the fuel shown in the example of the lead-free automobile fuel of the present invention. Table 2 shows the results obtained by measuring the flash point, ignition temperature, specific gravity, combustion range, vapor density, boiling point, melting point, and water solubility of the fuels of the examples.

[0019]

[Table 2]

As shown in Table 2, the flash point is -3 ° C and the specific gravity is 0.830 to 0.837. This value is the optimum value for balancing the startability and acceleration of the automobile and the amount of fuel used. The ignition temperature is 450 ° C, and normal combustion can occur in the engine. Vapor density is 3.0-3.5, boiling point is 100 ° C, melting point is -95.
It is at 0 ° C, and it can exist stably in the atmosphere without being altered even if it is stored normally. Next, for the examples, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas were measured. The car used is Florian, model PA
20, the temperature is 27.5 ° C, and the atmospheric pressure is 757 mmH.
The humidity was 74%. The engine was set to idle, constant speed, acceleration, and deceleration, and measurements were taken. The measurement was performed on the emission concentration in the exhaust gas pipe and in the atmosphere. Table 3 shows the results.

[0021]

[Table 3]

As shown in Table 3, carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas had a value of 0.4 to 2.2%, and hydrocarbon (HC) had a value of 75 to 640 ppm. Carbon monoxide was most often measured at idle and hydrocarbon was most often observed at deceleration. The emission concentration in the atmosphere is lower than the measured value, but the emission concentration coefficient is 0.0
2 to 0.52, which was greatly different depending on the engine operating conditions. No lead was detected.

Further, the exhaust substances of the fuel of this example and ordinary gasoline were measured for tetraethyl lead, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon. The measurement conditions were the same as in the above measurement method, and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0024]

[Table 4]

As shown in Table 4, tetramethyl lead was not detected in any of the operating conditions in this example, but tetramethyl lead was detected in ordinary gasoline. It was found that the average amount of carbon monoxide in this example was 1.53, whereas that of ordinary gasoline was 5.9, which was about a four-fold increase. Further, the amount of hydrocarbons is 358 ppm in this embodiment, whereas it is 14 in ordinary gasoline.
It increased to 39 ppm, about four times. Four methyl lead,
It was found that the amounts of both carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon in this example were extremely small, and the amount of harmful exhaust substances was extremely small. For comparison, normal gasoline, L
Table 5 shows the measurement results of the emission substances of PG and light oil.

[0026]

[Table 5]

As shown in Table 5, gasoline has a large amount of exhaust gas as compared with the present embodiment, and LPG and light oil have a small amount of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, but nox (NOx) and NOx. It was found that the amount of socks (SOx) was large.

[0028]

In the method for producing an unleaded vehicle fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and the unleaded vehicle fuel according to claim 5, the ignitability is improved with respect to 100 parts of toluene by an external component and a volume ratio. Hexane 3 to 35 parts and kerosene 10 to 3
By mixing with 0 part, it is possible to adjust the specific gravity and ignition point to appropriate values, and to obtain a well-balanced fuel that has good startability and acceleration at the start of the vehicle, and excellent fuel consumption. You can Furthermore, it is possible to perform stable and highly reliable traveling with less abnormal combustion (knocking).

In addition, since the raw materials are inexpensive and available in large quantities, and the amount of fuel used during traveling is small and the fuel consumption can be improved, the manufacturing cost is low and the economy is excellent. Since it does not contain lead at all, it does not exist in the exhaust gas, and since combustion is performed stably, the amount of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon contained in the exhaust gas is significantly reduced. Therefore, it is pollution-free and does not deteriorate the environment. Also, since it has low explosiveness and flammability and is stable in normal air, it is safe to store, transport or handle.
High workability and excellent reliability. Since it can be used for ordinary gasoline engines, it can be used for general automobiles without any special modification of the engine and has a very wide range of use. Therefore, it is possible to use normal gasoline after using the unleaded vehicle fuel of the present invention, which is highly convenient. Further, the engine is not worn or polluted, maintenance of the engine is not required, engine performance is not deteriorated, and reliability is high.

In particular, the lead-free automobile fuel according to claim 2 has a hexane content of 15 to 3 in winter.
Since the number is increased in the range of 5 parts, it is possible to reliably ignite even in the winter when the temperature is low, it is possible to maintain the startability at the time of starting the vehicle, and it is possible to operate the engine stably and reliably. The unleaded automobile fuel according to claim 3 has a hexane content of 3 to 15 in the summer.
Since it is reduced within the range of parts, hexane does not volatilize and the unleaded automobile fuel is not deteriorated, and stable storage is possible. In the fuel for unleaded automobiles according to claim 4, since the hexane is n-hexane, the ignition property is further improved, the startability and acceleration of the automobile are enhanced, and the fuel is inexpensive and can be obtained in a large amount and is excellent in economic efficiency. .

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A fuel for a lead-free automobile, characterized in that, with respect to 100 parts of toluene, 3 to 35 parts of hexane for improving the ignitability and 10 to 30 parts of kerosene are mixed in an external fraction and a volume ratio. 2. The fuel for a lead-free automobile according to claim 1, wherein in the winter, the hexane content is increased in the range of 15 to 35 parts to enhance the ignitability. 3. The fuel for a lead-free automobile according to claim 1, wherein the content of hexane is reduced in the range of 3 to 15 parts in the summer. 4. The lead-free automotive fuel according to claim 1, wherein the hexane is n-hexane. 5. A method for producing a lead-free automotive fuel, characterized in that 100 parts of toluene and 3 to 35 parts of hexane and 10 to 30 parts of kerosene are uniformly mixed in an external fraction and a volume ratio.