EP0573496A1 - Low aromatic diesel fuel - Google Patents

Low aromatic diesel fuel

Info

Publication number
EP0573496A1
EP0573496A1 EP92905500A EP92905500A EP0573496A1 EP 0573496 A1 EP0573496 A1 EP 0573496A1 EP 92905500 A EP92905500 A EP 92905500A EP 92905500 A EP92905500 A EP 92905500A EP 0573496 A1 EP0573496 A1 EP 0573496A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
sulphur
aromatic hydrocarbons
diesel engines
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92905500A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0573496A4 (en
Inventor
Philip Joseph Leeming
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CENTURY OILS AUSTRALIA Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
CENTURY OILS AUSTRALIA Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CENTURY OILS AUSTRALIA Pty Ltd filed Critical CENTURY OILS AUSTRALIA Pty Ltd
Publication of EP0573496A1 publication Critical patent/EP0573496A1/en
Publication of EP0573496A4 publication Critical patent/EP0573496A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns an improved fuel for use in diesel engines, composed chiefly of a mixture characterized by being of hydrocarbons containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic type hydrocarbons.
  • Hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel fuels, contain three main classes of compounds:
  • Aliphatics or open chain hydrocarbons also known as paraffins, of the formula H- +2/ either straight or branched chain.
  • Aromatics or the benzenoid series, examples of which are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene.
  • STITUTE SHEET Other components may also be present, such as sulphur or sulphur compounds and petroleum waxes. Additives may be included after the refining and blending processes to produce fuels having desirable characteristics.
  • the present invention is directed to a fuel for diesel engines which is more acceptable than the currently available fuels in that in use it causes fewer operational problems, is more environmentally kind and is safer, cleaner and less hazardous from an occupational health and safety aspect.
  • Such a fuel is one which contains not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, and preferably not more than 0.05% by weight of sulphur or sulphur compounds. It is also preferred that the fuel of the invention contains no, or very little, petroleum waxes.
  • the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the fuel of the present invention is not more than 1% by volume when compared to commercial diesel fuels that contain typically about 15 to 30% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, some of which are of the carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic variety.
  • the fuel of the present invention is virtually free of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. This reduction in aromaticity of the new fuel gives rise to improved fuel combustion efficiency resulting in exhaust emissions that are much less carcinogenic and much less polluting than conventional diesel fuel emissions.
  • a further preferred feature of the invention is the elimination or significant reduction of other components of conventional diesel fuel which cause either operational difficulties and or pollution when combusted in diesel engines, e.g. petroleum waxes such as paraffin and microcrystalline waxes, sulphur and sulphur compounds.
  • the fuel of the present invention in one preferred embodiment, contains no petroleum waxes, resulting in cleaner combustion.
  • the improved fuel exhibits acceptable low temperature ignition characteristics thus avoiding the necessity to produce different blends of diesel fuel for winter and summer use.
  • Sulphur and sulphur compounds when combusted, produce gaseous acidic oxides of sulphur (e.g. sulphur dioxide), which dissolve in atmospheric moisture giving rise to the formation of acid rain.
  • the fuel outlined in the invention in a preferred form contains significantly lower levels of sulphur, thus effecting a consequent reduction in acidic gas emissions.
  • the proposed fuel is more readily biodegraded than conventional fuel and of lower toxicity to marine life by virtue of its minimal content of aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • the improved fuel of the present invention can be produced in several ways such as:
  • One of the most convenient commercial methods for producing fuel of the present invention involves the processing of a refinery feedstock whereby the aromatic species are either extracted (i.e. removed) or are converted to naphthenes (e.g. by hydrogenation) , the refinery feedstock being brought within the boiling range parameters by fractional distillation before or after treatment of the aromatic species. Similar factors apply if removing the sulphur or petroleum waxes.
  • Aromatic % (by vol.) 1.0 (max) ASTM D1319 Hydrocarbons (F.I.A.); or F.T.I.R. compared to toluene
  • the fuel in this Example is derived from highly refined and chemically treated paraffinic hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a predominantly paraffinic hydrocarbon mixture containing low concentrations of naphthenic hydrocarbons and not more than 1% by volume concentration of aromatic type hydrocarbons.
  • Example 2 The fuel in this Example is derived from highly refined and chemically treated paraffinic hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a predominantly paraffinic hydrocarbon mixture containing low concentrations of naphthenic hydrocarbons and not more than 1% by volume concentration of aromatic type hydrocarbons.
  • the fuel in this Example is derived from highly refined and chemically treated feedstocks to produce a predominantly paraffinic/naphthenic hydrocarbon mixture containing not more than 1% by volume concentration of aromatic type hydrocarbons.
  • This fuel is a mixture of Examples 1 and 2.
  • Ash Content (% m/m) . (ASTM D482)
  • the invention is of use in connection with the petroleum industry, for producing fuels for diesel engines, and for operating diesel engines in various industries, such as mining, construction and transport.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un carburant amélioré à utiliser dans les moteurs Diesel, comprenant principalement un mélange d'hydrocarbures ne contenant pas plus de 1 % par volume d'hydrocarbures de type aromatique. Le combustible contient également de préférence moins de 0,05 % en poids de soufre ou de composés de soufre, et principalement aucune cire de pétrole. On décrit en outre des procédés de production dudit combustible, ainsi que l'utilisation dudit combustible pour réduire les émissions indésirables et améliorer les performances de fonctionnement.The invention relates to an improved fuel for use in diesel engines, mainly comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic type hydrocarbons. The fuel also preferably contains less than 0.05% by weight of sulfur or sulfur compounds, and mainly no petroleum wax. Further described are methods of producing said fuel, as well as the use of said fuel to reduce unwanted emissions and improve operating performance.

Description

LOW AROMATIC DIESEL FUEL
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention concerns an improved fuel for use in diesel engines, composed chiefly of a mixture characterized by being of hydrocarbons containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic type hydrocarbons.
BACKGROUND ART
It has long been recognised that there are problems in using commercially available diesel fuels in diesel engines. Of particular concern is the operation of diesel engines in poorly ventilated areas, or areas having limited ventilation such as underground mines and tunnels. The exhaust emissions produced by these diesel engines and the odour of the fuel are unpleasant to persons working in these areas and, in confined spaces, can be a health and safety hazard.
In addition, emissions produced by diesel powered vehicles or equipment are a major source of air pollution and there are moves to limit or restrict the production of emissions in line with current global environmental concerns.
It is therefore advantageous for several reasons to find a way to significantly reduce the production of such diesel exhaust emissions.
Hydrocarbon fuels, such as diesel fuels, contain three main classes of compounds:
(1) Aliphatics or open chain hydrocarbons, also known as paraffins, of the formula H- +2/ either straight or branched chain.
(2) Naphthenes, or cycloalkanes, some examples of which are methylcyclopentane, cyclohexane, dimethylcyclopentane and methylcyclohexane.
(3) Aromatics, or the benzenoid series, examples of which are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene.
STITUTE SHEET Other components may also be present, such as sulphur or sulphur compounds and petroleum waxes. Additives may be included after the refining and blending processes to produce fuels having desirable characteristics.
Conventional diesel fuels commonly contain 15% to 30% or even higher levels of aromatic type hydrocarbons, but generally between 20% to 30% of aromatic type hydrocarbons and from 0.08% to 0.5% of sulphur together with significnt levels of petroleum waxes. By reducing the amount of aromatic type hydrocarbons present to not more than 1% by volume and optionally reducing the total sulphur content to not more than 0.05% together with significant reductions in the petroleum wax content, it has been found that a considerable reduction in unwanted diesel exhaust emissions can be achieved.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a fuel for diesel engines which is more acceptable than the currently available fuels in that in use it causes fewer operational problems, is more environmentally kind and is safer, cleaner and less hazardous from an occupational health and safety aspect.
Such a fuel is one which contains not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, and preferably not more than 0.05% by weight of sulphur or sulphur compounds. It is also preferred that the fuel of the invention contains no, or very little, petroleum waxes.
When conventional diesel fuels are combusted the products of combustion are typically soot, oxides of carbon, oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen and water vapour together with partially combusted fuel vapour which is likely to contain aromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones and other hydrocarbons. In diesel powered equipment for use in underground applications it is necessary to remove soot, particulates, fuel vapour, acidic gases, etc from the exhaust emissions and to cool the exhaust gases prior to discharge to the atmosphere. The method currently adopted is to pass the exhaust emissions through a water filled gas scrubbing unit. However, these scrubbing units have been found to operate inefficiently for various reasons.
The content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the fuel of the present invention is not more than 1% by volume when compared to commercial diesel fuels that contain typically about 15 to 30% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, some of which are of the carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic variety. The fuel of the present invention is virtually free of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. This reduction in aromaticity of the new fuel gives rise to improved fuel combustion efficiency resulting in exhaust emissions that are much less carcinogenic and much less polluting than conventional diesel fuel emissions.
A further preferred feature of the invention is the elimination or significant reduction of other components of conventional diesel fuel which cause either operational difficulties and or pollution when combusted in diesel engines, e.g. petroleum waxes such as paraffin and microcrystalline waxes, sulphur and sulphur compounds.
Conventional diesel fuel contains a significant amount of petroleum waxes which gives rise to poor low temperature ignition characteristics necessitating different diesel blends for winter and summer conditions. Also, incomplete combustion of the petroleum waxes gives rise to the production of solid particulate matter/soot in the exhaust emissions. The fuel of the present invention in one preferred embodiment, contains no petroleum waxes, resulting in cleaner combustion. In addition the improved fuel exhibits acceptable low temperature ignition characteristics thus avoiding the necessity to produce different blends of diesel fuel for winter and summer use. Sulphur and sulphur compounds, when combusted, produce gaseous acidic oxides of sulphur (e.g. sulphur dioxide), which dissolve in atmospheric moisture giving rise to the formation of acid rain. When compared to conventional diesel fuel, the fuel outlined in the invention in a preferred form contains significantly lower levels of sulphur, thus effecting a consequent reduction in acidic gas emissions.
In addition the proposed fuel is more readily biodegraded than conventional fuel and of lower toxicity to marine life by virtue of its minimal content of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Also to be noted is that when the fuel of the present invention is combusted lower levels of smoke and hydrocarbon vapour are produced, thus reducing atmospheric pollution and smog formation.
The improved fuel of the present invention can be produced in several ways such as:
Refining and/or re-refining and chemical processing of conventional diesel fuel to remove or convert the aromatic hydrocarbons present, such that they do not exceed more than 1% by volume of the fuel.
By the straight run fractional distillation of hydrocarbon feedstocks containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Fractional distillation, refining and chemical processing of conventional hydrocarbon feedstocks by various methods to produce feedstocks or hydrocarbon fractions containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons.
By mixing and blending products from any of the above processes.
f The above steps can be used in a similar manner to provide a fuel which also contains not more than 0.05% of total sulphur and substantially no petroleum waxes, if desired.
One of the most convenient commercial methods for producing fuel of the present invention involves the processing of a refinery feedstock whereby the aromatic species are either extracted (i.e. removed) or are converted to naphthenes (e.g. by hydrogenation) , the refinery feedstock being brought within the boiling range parameters by fractional distillation before or after treatment of the aromatic species. Similar factors apply if removing the sulphur or petroleum waxes.
It is preferred to produce a fuel or fuels of the present invention which conform to the specification shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
PROPERTY UNIT LIMITS TEST METHOD
Ash % (by mass) 0.01 (max) ASTM D482-IP4
Carbon Residue % (by mass) 0.05 (max) or ASTM D524-IP14 (on 10% residuum) 0.04 (max) ASTM D189-IP13
Cetane Index (calculated) 45 (min) ASTM D976
Cloud Point -10 (max) ASTM D2500-IP219
Cold Filter Plugging Point -10 (max) IP309
ASTM D130-IP154
ASTM D86-IP123 ASTM D86-IP123
ASTM D93-IP34
ASTM D2274 PROPERTY UNIT LIMITS TEST METHOD Sulphur % (by mass) 0.05 (max) ASTM D129-IP61? or ASTM D2622; or ASTM D2785; or IP336
Water % (by vol) 0.05 (max) ASTM D95-IP74 Sediment % (by mass) 0.01 (max) ASTM D473-IP53
OR
Water & Sediment % (by vol.) 0.05 (max) ASTM D1796-IP75 ASTM D2709
Viscosity Kinematic @ 40°C mm2/s 1.4 to 4.0 ASTM D445-IP71
Aromatic % (by vol.) 1.0 (max) ASTM D1319 Hydrocarbons (F.I.A.); or F.T.I.R. compared to toluene
Distillation Range (I.B.P.) 180 (min) ASTM D86-IP123 (F.B.P.) 350 (max) ASTM D86-IP123
Recovery by % (by vol) 98 (min) ASTM D86-IP123 Distillation
Note: "ASTM" is the American Society for Testing and Materials "IP" is the Institute of Petroleum (U.K.)
MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
We now further describe the invention with reference to certain examples, which are non-limiting on the scope of the invention. The Examples 1, 2 and 3 of the invention as described below are covered by the above specification and would exhibit the typical characteristics as shown in Table 2.
Example 1.
The fuel in this Example is derived from highly refined and chemically treated paraffinic hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a predominantly paraffinic hydrocarbon mixture containing low concentrations of naphthenic hydrocarbons and not more than 1% by volume concentration of aromatic type hydrocarbons. Example 2 .
The fuel in this Example is derived from highly refined and chemically treated feedstocks to produce a predominantly paraffinic/naphthenic hydrocarbon mixture containing not more than 1% by volume concentration of aromatic type hydrocarbons.
Example 3.
This fuel is a mixture of Examples 1 and 2.
TABLE 2
PROPERTY EXAMPLE NUMBER 1 2
Density @ 15*C (ASTM D1298) 0.772 0.792 0.782
Distillation ( *C) (ASTM D86)
Initial Boiling Point
10% Recovery
20% Recovery
30% Recovery
40% Recovery
50% Recovery
60% Recovery
70% Recovery
80% Recovery
90% Recovery
Final Boiling Point
Recovery by Distillation 98 98 98 (% Volume) (ASTM D86)
Flashpoint ( °C) (ASTM D93)
Ash Content (% m/m) . (ASTM D482)
Carbon Residue (on 10% Residuum) (ASTM D524)
Cetane Index (Calculated) (ASTM D976)
Cloud Point (*C) (ASTM D2500) -12 -15 -13
Cold Filter Plugging Point (*C) (IP309) <-15 <-18 <-16
Copper Corrosion (3h at 100βC) 1A 1A 1A (ASTM D130)
SUBSTITUTE SHEET TABLE 2 (continued)
PROPERTY
Oxidation Stability (mg/lOOml)
(ASTM D2274)
Sulphur p.p.m. (I.C.P.)
Water & Sediment (% volume) (ASTM D1796)
Kinematic Viscosity § 40°C 1.6 1.5 1.6 (mm2/s) (ASTM D445)
Hydrocarbon Type Analysis (% vol) (Infra-Red)
Petroleum waxes content none* none* none*
Aromatic Hydrocarbons Naphthenic Hydrocarbons Paraffinic Hydrocarbons
*Note: The petroleum waxes content was determined as being undetectable by consideration of cold filter plugging point and the cloud point.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The invention is of use in connection with the petroleum industry, for producing fuels for diesel engines, and for operating diesel engines in various industries, such as mining, construction and transport.

Claims

The Claims :
1. A fuel for use in diesel engines characterized by containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons.
2. The fuel of claim 1 which is further characterized by containing not more than 0.05% by weight of sulphur and/or sulphur compounds.
3. The fuel of claim 1 which is further characterized by containing substantially no petroleum waxes.
4. A fuel for use in diesel engines having the specification shown in Table 1.
5. A method of producing a fuel for use in diesel engines which contains not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, by
(a) refining and/or re-refining and chemical processing of conventional fuel to remove or convert the aromatic hydrocarbons present until said hydrocarbons are not more than 1% of said fuel, or
(b) straight-run fractional distillation of hydrocarbon feedstock to produce said fuel, said feedstock containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, or
(c) fractional distillation and/or refining, and chemical processing of conventional hydrocarbon feedstocks to produce a feedstock containing not more than 1% of aromatic hydrocarbons, and then straight-run fractional distillation of said hydrocarbon feedstock to produce said fuel, or
(d) mixing or blending the products from (a), (b) , and/or (c) .
SU I
6. The method of producing a fuel of claim 5, which has an additional step of removing sulphur and/or sulphur compounds until not more than 0.05% by weight of said sulphur and/or sulphur compounds remain.
7. The method of producing a fuel of claim 5, which has an additional step of removing petroleum waxes until substantially none of said waxes remain.
8. A method of reducing unwanted emissions when operating diesel engines, which comprises using a fuel in said engines in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 4.
AMENDED CLAIMS
[received by the International Bureau on 28 July 1992(28.07.92); original claims 1 and 2 replaced by amended claim 1; original claims 5 and replaced by amended claim 4; claims 3,4,7 and 8 unchanged but renumbered as claims 2,3,5 and 6 (2 pages)]
1. A fuel for use in diesel engines characterized by containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, and not more than 0.05% by weight of sulphur and/or sulphur compounds.
2. The fuel of claim 1 which is further characterized by containing substantially no petroleum waxes.
3. A fuel for use in diesel engines having the specification shown in Table 1.
4. A method of producing a fuel for use in diesel engines which contains not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, and not more than 0.05% by weight of sulphur and/or sulphur compounds, by
(a) refining and/or re-refining and chemical processing of conventional fuel to remove or convert the aromatic hydrocarbons present until said hydrocarbons are not more than 1% of said fuel, or
(b) straight-run fractional distillation of hydrocarbon feedstock to produce said fuel, said feedstock containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, or
(c) fractional distillation and/or refining, and chemical processing of conventional hydrocarbon feedstocks to produce a feedstock containing not more than 1% of aromatic hydrocarbons, and then straight-run fractional distillation of said hydrocarbon feedstock to produce said fuel, or
(d) mixing or blending the products from (a), (b), and removing sulphur and/or sulphur compounds until not more than 0.05% by weight of said sulphur and/or sulphur compounds remain. 5. The method of producing a fuel of claim 4, which has an additional step of removing petroleum waxes until substantially none of said waxes remain.
6. A method of reducing unwanted emissions when operating diesel engines, which comprises using a fuel in said engines in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3.
SΓΓATEMEISΓT UNDER ARTICLE 19
Original claims 1 and 2 have been combined, in order to limit the invention subject matter which is novel in light of the international search report.
Original claims 5 and 6 have also been combined for the same reason.
The remaining claims have merely been renumbered.
EP92905500A 1991-02-26 1992-02-26 Low aromatic diesel fuel Withdrawn EP0573496A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPK480591 1991-02-26
AU4805/91 1991-02-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0573496A1 true EP0573496A1 (en) 1993-12-15
EP0573496A4 EP0573496A4 (en) 1994-03-23

Family

ID=3775245

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92905500A Withdrawn EP0573496A1 (en) 1991-02-26 1992-02-26 Low aromatic diesel fuel

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0573496A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2104965A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1992014804A1 (en)

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GB9504222D0 (en) * 1995-03-02 1995-04-19 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Fuel oil compositions
US5689031A (en) * 1995-10-17 1997-11-18 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Synthetic diesel fuel and process for its production
US6296757B1 (en) * 1995-10-17 2001-10-02 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Synthetic diesel fuel and process for its production
US5807413A (en) * 1996-08-02 1998-09-15 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Synthetic diesel fuel with reduced particulate matter emissions
EP0916716A1 (en) * 1997-11-07 1999-05-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Light oil for reduced particulate emission
EP1835011A1 (en) 1998-10-05 2007-09-19 Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd Biodegradable middle distillates and production thereof
JP2002530475A (en) * 1998-11-12 2002-09-17 モービル・オイル・コーポレイション Diesel fuel
KR100754582B1 (en) * 2000-05-02 2007-09-05 엑손모빌 리서치 앤드 엔지니어링 컴퍼니 Wide cut fischer-tropsch diesel fuels
US7208078B2 (en) * 2002-03-22 2007-04-24 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Diesel fuel formulation for reduced emissions
EP1511826B1 (en) * 2002-06-07 2019-05-22 Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd Synthetic fuel with reduced particulate matter emissions and a method of operating a compression ignition engine using said fuel in conjunction with oxidation catalysts
CN101050392B (en) * 2002-06-07 2012-07-11 萨索尔技术(控股)有限公司 Synthetic fuel with reduced particulate matter emissions and a method of operating a compression ignition engine using said fuel in conjunction with oxidation catalysts
GB0226726D0 (en) 2002-11-15 2002-12-24 Bp Oil Int Method
SE522918E (en) * 2003-02-27 2012-11-06 Eco Par Ab A new alternative fuel for low-emission diesel engines with high energy density
US7540889B2 (en) * 2006-07-11 2009-06-02 Bluekey Energy Inc. Production of a refinery feedstock from soaps produced during a chemical pulping process
US20080155887A1 (en) * 2006-10-05 2008-07-03 Clark Richard Hugh Fuel consuming system

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Title
No further relevant documents disclosed *
See also references of WO9214804A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0573496A4 (en) 1994-03-23
CA2104965A1 (en) 1992-08-27
WO1992014804A1 (en) 1992-09-03

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