JPH09182279A - Short circuit detector for photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents
Short circuit detector for photovoltaic power generation systemInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09182279A JPH09182279A JP8279612A JP27961296A JPH09182279A JP H09182279 A JPH09182279 A JP H09182279A JP 8279612 A JP8279612 A JP 8279612A JP 27961296 A JP27961296 A JP 27961296A JP H09182279 A JPH09182279 A JP H09182279A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- current
- voltage
- output
- circuit
- sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
- H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02021—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for electronic equipment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、太陽光発電システ
ムにおける短絡検出装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a short circuit detection device in a solar power generation system.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】太陽光発電システムに用いられる太陽電
池は、一般に図４に示されるような電流−電圧特性（Ｉ
−Ｖ特性）を持っており、太陽電池の運転は、その出力
電力が最大となる最適動作点Ｐmax になるように制御さ
れている。そしてこのＩ−Ｖ曲線は日射量によって上下
に移動する。このＩ−Ｖ曲線上の点が太陽電池の動作点
であり、動作点の位置は太陽電池に接続されたインピー
ダンスで決まり、通常太陽光発電ではインバータ等でイ
ンピーダンスを調整し出力電力Ｐ＝ＩＶが最大となるよ
うに制御されている。2. Description of the Related Art A solar cell used in a solar power generation system generally has a current-voltage characteristic (I
-V characteristic), and the operation of the solar cell is controlled so as to reach the optimum operating point Pmax at which the output power becomes maximum. And this IV curve moves up and down according to the amount of solar radiation. The point on this IV curve is the operating point of the solar cell, and the position of the operating point is determined by the impedance connected to the solar cell. In normal photovoltaic power generation, the impedance is adjusted with an inverter or the like, and the output power P = IV is It is controlled to be maximum.
【０００３】このような太陽電池のＩ−Ｖ特性は、イン
ピーダンスが最適動作点Ｐmax におけるインピーダンス
より大であるときは最適動作点Ｐmax の右側に示される
ように定電圧特性を示し、インピーダンスが無限大のと
き、すなわち出力端子が開放されたときには、電流Ｉ＝
０、開放電圧Ｖ＝Ｖo となる。また、インピーダンスが
最適動作点Ｐmax におけるインピーダンスより小である
ときは最適動作点Ｐmax の左側に示されるように定電流
特性を示し、インピーダンスが最小のとき、例えば出力
端子が短絡されたときには、短絡電流Ｉ＝Ｉs 、出力電
圧Ｖは０に近くなる。（以下出力電圧Ｖ≒０と記述す
る。）図示されるように、短絡電流Ｉs は最適動作電流
Ｉp の110 〜120 ％程度であって、Ｉs とＩp との差は
わずかである。The IV characteristic of such a solar cell shows a constant voltage characteristic as shown on the right side of the optimum operating point Pmax when the impedance is larger than the impedance at the optimum operating point Pmax, and the impedance is infinite. When, that is, when the output terminal is opened, the current I =
0, open circuit voltage V = Vo. Further, when the impedance is smaller than the impedance at the optimum operating point Pmax, the constant current characteristic is shown as shown on the left side of the optimum operating point Pmax, and when the impedance is minimum, for example, when the output terminal is short-circuited, the short-circuit current I = Is, and the output voltage V approaches 0. (Hereinafter, described as output voltage V.apprxeq.0.) As shown, the short circuit current Is is about 110 to 120% of the optimum operating current Ip, and the difference between Is and Ip is small.
【０００４】太陽光発電システムにおいては、上記した
ように回路に短絡が発生した場合にも 短絡電流Ｉs の
値はあまり大きくならず、しかも太陽電池の出力電流
は、太陽の位置、天候などで変化する日射量により大幅
に変動するため、電流変化の検知方式では短絡の検出が
困難であった。In the solar power generation system, the value of the short circuit current Is does not become so large even when a short circuit occurs in the circuit as described above, and the output current of the solar cell changes depending on the position of the sun, the weather, etc. It is difficult to detect a short circuit by the current change detection method, because it greatly changes depending on the amount of solar radiation.
【０００５】このように、太陽電池光発電システムにお
いては短絡の検出が困難であるため、小規模の太陽光発
電システム、特に一般家庭用のシステムでは短絡検出装
置は設置されていないのが実態であった。従って、短絡
が発生した場合にもそのまま運転が継続され、短絡した
太陽電池が発電した電気エネルギーを出力しないことに
よってシステム全体の効率低下を招くという問題があっ
た。また、太陽光発電では日射量の変化、太陽電池のセ
ルの表面の汚れ、太陽電池のセルの表面温度、太陽電池
自身の能力低下等によっても最適動作点における出力電
力が変化するため出力電力のみから太陽光発電システム
の効率が低下しているかどうかの判別がしにくい。また
仮に判別できたとしてもその原因が前述したような日射
量や太陽電池自身に起因するものかまたは、短絡による
ものかを特定するには太陽光発電システムを点検しなけ
ればならないという問題があった。As described above, since it is difficult to detect a short circuit in a photovoltaic power generation system, a short-circuit detection device is not installed in a small-scale photovoltaic power generation system, particularly in a general household system. there were. Therefore, even if a short circuit occurs, the operation is continued as it is, and there is a problem that the efficiency of the entire system is deteriorated by not outputting the electric energy generated by the short-circuited solar cell. Also, in solar power generation, the output power at the optimum operating point changes due to changes in the amount of solar radiation, dirt on the surface of the solar cell, surface temperature of the cell of the solar cell, deterioration of the capacity of the solar cell itself, etc. Therefore, it is difficult to determine whether the efficiency of the solar power generation system is decreasing. Even if it can be determined, there is a problem that the photovoltaic power generation system must be inspected to identify whether the cause is the solar radiation amount or the solar cell itself as described above or a short circuit. It was
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は上記の問題点
を解決するためになされたものであり、太陽電池の出力
回路に発生する短絡を的確に検出し、システム全体の効
率低下を防止できる太陽光発電システムにおける短絡検
出装置を提供するためになされたものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and it is possible to accurately detect a short circuit occurring in the output circuit of a solar cell and prevent a decrease in the efficiency of the entire system. The present invention is made to provide a short circuit detection device in a solar power generation system.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の課題を解決するた
めになされた本発明は、太陽電池の出力回路に、出力電
流を計測する電流センサと出力電圧を計測する電圧セン
サを設けるとともに、これらの電流センサと電圧センサ
に、出力電流が基準電流値を越え、かつ出力電圧が基準
電圧値未満であるときに短絡と判定する判定手段を接続
したことを特徴とするものである。なお上記の電流セン
サと電圧センサとしては、後記する実施例に示すよう
に、電流動作リレーと電圧動作リレー、電流動作型の電
磁石と電圧操作型の電磁石、電流コイルと電圧コイル等
を用い、速やかに回路を遮断することができる。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention, which has been made to solve the above problems, provides a solar cell output circuit with a current sensor for measuring an output current and a voltage sensor for measuring an output voltage. The current sensor and the voltage sensor are connected to a determination means for determining a short circuit when the output current exceeds the reference current value and the output voltage is less than the reference voltage value. As the current sensor and the voltage sensor, as shown in the examples described later, a current operation relay and a voltage operation relay, a current operation type electromagnet and a voltage operation type electromagnet, a current coil and a voltage coil, etc. The circuit can be cut off.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明の実施の形態】次に、本発明の好ましい実施の形
態の一例を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。図１に示す
太陽光発電システムにおいて、Ａは短絡検出装置を備え
た太陽電池ユニット、１はインバータ、２は連系トラン
スであり、短絡検出装置を備えた太陽電池ユニットＡは
複数個インバータに互いに並列に接続されており、これ
らの出力は足し合わされてインバータ１及び連系トラン
ス２等の機器を介して系統にに接続されている。また、
図２に示す短絡検出装置を備えた太陽電池ユニットＡに
おいて３は太陽電池、４はスイッチでありこの太陽電池
３の出力回路には、出力電流を計測する電流センサ５
と、出力電圧を計測する電圧センサ６とが設けられてい
るとともに、これらの電流センサ５及び電圧センサ６に
より計測された出力電流Ｉと出力電圧Ｖに基づき、短絡
を判定するための判定手段７が設けられている。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the solar power generation system shown in FIG. 1, A is a solar cell unit equipped with a short-circuit detection device, 1 is an inverter, 2 is an interconnection transformer, and a plurality of solar cell units A equipped with a short-circuit detection device are connected to inverters. These outputs are connected in parallel, and these outputs are added together and connected to the system via devices such as the inverter 1 and the interconnection transformer 2. Also,
In the solar cell unit A equipped with the short circuit detection device shown in FIG. 2, 3 is a solar cell, 4 is a switch, and the output circuit of this solar cell 3 has a current sensor 5 for measuring an output current.
And a voltage sensor 6 for measuring the output voltage, and a judging means 7 for judging a short circuit based on the output current I and the output voltage V measured by the current sensor 5 and the voltage sensor 6. Is provided.
【０００９】この判定手段７は、電流センサ５及び電圧
センサ６に接続され、電流センサ５により計測された出
力電流Ｉが基準電流値Ｉ1 を越え、電圧センサ６により
計測された出力電圧Ｖが基準電圧値Ｖ1 未満であるとき
に短絡と判定する機能を有するものである。This judging means 7 is connected to the current sensor 5 and the voltage sensor 6, the output current I measured by the current sensor 5 exceeds the reference current value I 1 , and the output voltage V measured by the voltage sensor 6 becomes It has a function of determining a short circuit when it is less than the reference voltage value V 1 .
【００１０】次にこのように構成された本発明の太陽光
発電システムにおける短絡検出装置の作動を、図３に基
づいて説明する。この図３には、日射量の大、中、小に
応じて３本のＩ−Ｖ特性曲線が示されている。この図３
から明らかなように、いずれの日射量の場合にも太陽電
池１の出力回路に短絡が発生した場合には、出力電圧Ｖ
≒０で出力電流ＩがＩS1、ＩS2、ＩS3である点に動作点
が移行することとなる。Next, the operation of the short-circuit detecting device in the solar power generation system of the present invention thus constructed will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 3, three IV characteristic curves are shown according to the amount of solar radiation, large, medium and small. This figure 3
As is clear from the above, when a short circuit occurs in the output circuit of the solar cell 1 regardless of the amount of solar radiation, the output voltage V
When ≈0, the operating point shifts to a point where the output current I is I S1 , I S2 , and I S3 .
【００１１】そこで、前記した基準電圧値Ｖ1 及び基準
電流値Ｉ1 を図３に示すように設定しておけば、図３の
斜線部分（Ｖ＜Ｖ1 、Ｉ＞Ｉ1 ）の領域に動作点が入っ
たときに判定手段７が短絡と判定することとなり、太陽
光発電システムが有効に動作する日射量が大、中の場合
には、出力電圧Ｖ≒０で出力電流ＩがＩS1、ＩS2のいず
れの場合にも正確に短絡の判定が可能となる。この基準
電圧値Ｖ1 及び基準電流値Ｉ1 は経験的に決定すればよ
い。Therefore, if the reference voltage value V 1 and the reference current value I 1 are set as shown in FIG. 3, the shaded area (V <V 1 , I> I 1 ) in FIG. When the operating point is entered, the determination means 7 determines that a short circuit has occurred, and when the amount of solar radiation at which the photovoltaic power generation system operates effectively is large and medium, the output voltage V is approximately 0 and the output current I is I S1. , I S2 , it is possible to accurately determine the short circuit. The reference voltage value V 1 and the reference current value I 1 may be empirically determined.
【００１２】なお、図３の例では日射量が小で太陽光発
電システムの発電が非常に小さいような場合には、短絡
時の動作点が出力電圧Ｖ≒０、出力電流Ｉ＜Ｉ1 となり
短絡判定の領域から外れるため短絡の検出ができないこ
ととなるが、この場合には太陽光発電システムの出力が
小さいので特に支障はなく、再び日射量が増せば判定可
能となるので問題はない。また、夜間のように日射が全
くない場合には動作点は図３の（０、０）点に来ること
となるが、この場合には出力電流Ｉが基準電流値Ｉ1 以
下となるので、短絡と判定されることはない。このよう
にして、本発明によれば出力回路の短絡を日射量の変動
または単なるインピーダンスの通常の変動とは別個のも
のとして区別し、誤動作のおそれもなく、的確に検出す
ることができる。また、図２において判定手段７からの
異常信号に基づいて短絡を報知することにより早期に修
理等の所要の処置を行うことができる。あるいは、判定
手段７からの信号によりスイッチ４を作動して事故回路
を切り離すことにより事故電流がインバータ等の関連機
器に流れるのを防ぐことができ、また、スイッチ４がＯ
ＮかＯＦＦかを調べることにより効率低下の原因が短絡
であると断定できると共に、短絡した回路を特定するこ
とができる。In the example of FIG. 3, when the amount of solar radiation is small and the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system is very small, the operating point at the time of short circuit is output voltage V≈0 and output current I <I 1 . Although it is not possible to detect a short circuit because it is out of the short circuit determination area, in this case, there is no particular problem because the output of the solar power generation system is small, and it is possible to make a determination if the amount of solar radiation increases again, so there is no problem. Further, when there is no solar radiation like at night, the operating point comes to the point (0, 0) in FIG. 3, but in this case, the output current I becomes the reference current value I 1 or less, It is never judged as a short circuit. In this way, according to the present invention, the short circuit of the output circuit can be distinguished from the fluctuation of the solar radiation amount or the normal fluctuation of the impedance, and can be accurately detected without the risk of malfunction. In addition, in FIG. 2, by informing of a short circuit based on the abnormal signal from the determination means 7, it is possible to take necessary measures such as repair at an early stage. Alternatively, it is possible to prevent a fault current from flowing to related equipment such as an inverter by operating the switch 4 in response to a signal from the determination means 7 to disconnect the fault circuit, and the switch 4 is turned off.
By checking whether it is N or OFF, it can be determined that the cause of the efficiency decrease is a short circuit, and the short-circuited circuit can be specified.
【００１３】[0013]
〔実施例１〕図５は本発明の第１の実施例を示す回路図
であり、３は太陽電池、４はスイッチとして用いられる
ブレーカである。この実施例では電流センサ５として電
流動作リレーの励磁コイル5aが、また電圧センサ６とし
て電圧動作リレーの励磁コイル6aが組み込まれている。
８は電流動作リレーのａ接点、９は電圧動作リレーのｂ
接点である。これらの接点８、９は直列に接続され、両
接点が閉じたときにブレーカのトリップコイル10にコン
デンサ11から電流が流れるようになっている。[Embodiment 1] FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a solar cell and 4 is a breaker used as a switch. In this embodiment, an exciting coil 5a of a current operation relay is incorporated as the current sensor 5, and an exciting coil 6a of a voltage operation relay is incorporated as the voltage sensor 6.
8 is a contact of current operation relay, 9 is b of voltage operation relay
It is a contact point. These contacts 8 and 9 are connected in series so that a current flows from a capacitor 11 to a trip coil 10 of a breaker when both contacts are closed.
【００１４】この実施例では、太陽電池３の出力電流Ｉ
が基準電流値Ｉ1 を越えたときに電流動作リレーのａ接
点８が閉じる。また出力電圧Ｖが基準電圧値Ｖ1 未満で
あるときに電圧動作リレーのｂ接点９が閉じる。従っ
て、短絡により太陽電池３の出力が図３の短絡判定領域
に入ったときには、ブレーカのトリップコイル10にコン
デンサ11からの電流が流れ、ブレーカの引き外し機構が
動作してブレーカの接点を開放する。このブレーカを復
帰させるには、人手による操作を必要とする。なお12は
逆流防止用のダイオードであり、太陽電池３の出力回路
の短絡によりコンデンサ11が放電することを防止し、ト
リップコイル10に励磁エネルギを常に維持するために設
けられたものである。In this embodiment, the output current I of the solar cell 3 is
When the current exceeds the reference current value I 1 , the a-contact 8 of the current operation relay closes. Further, when the output voltage V is less than the reference voltage value V 1 , the b contact 9 of the voltage operation relay is closed. Therefore, when the output of the solar cell 3 enters the short circuit determination region of FIG. 3 due to a short circuit, a current flows from the capacitor 11 to the trip coil 10 of the breaker, and the breaker trip mechanism operates to open the contact of the breaker. . Manual operation is required to restore the breaker. Reference numeral 12 is a backflow prevention diode, which is provided to prevent discharge of the capacitor 11 due to a short circuit of the output circuit of the solar cell 3 and to keep the excitation energy in the trip coil 10 at all times.
【００１５】〔実施例２〕図６は本発明の第２の実施例
を示す回路図である。この実施例では、電流センサ５と
して電流動作型の電磁石5bが、また電圧センサ６として
電圧動作型の電磁石6bが組み込まれている。そしてコイ
ルの巻き線の方向を逆向きとすることにより、太陽電池
３の出力電流Ｉが基準電流値Ｉ1 を越えたときに鉄心13
に作用する力F2の方向と、出力電圧Ｖが基準電圧値Ｖ1
を越えたときに鉄心13に作用する力F1の方向とは逆向き
となっている。[Second Embodiment] FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a current-operated electromagnet 5b is incorporated as the current sensor 5, and a voltage-operated electromagnet 6b is incorporated as the voltage sensor 6. By setting the winding direction of the coil in the opposite direction, when the output current I of the solar cell 3 exceeds the reference current value I 1 , the iron core 13
Direction of the force F 2 acting on the output voltage V and the reference voltage value V 1
The direction is opposite to the direction of the force F 1 acting on the iron core 13 when the force exceeds.
【００１６】図７はこれらの力F1、F2と接点との関係を
示す概念図であり、F1＜F2であるとき接点が開放される
ことを示す。この実施例では、短絡により太陽電池３の
出力が図３の短絡判定領域に入ったとき、出力電流Ｉが
基準電流値Ｉ1 を越えるので力F2が接点に作用し、出力
電圧Ｖは基準電圧値Ｖ1 を越えないので力F1≒０であ
る。従って、このときF1＜F2となって接点が開放され
る。FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between these forces F 1 and F 2 and the contacts, and shows that the contacts are opened when F 1 <F 2 . In this embodiment, when the output of the solar cell 3 enters the short circuit judgment region of FIG. 3 due to a short circuit, the output current I exceeds the reference current value I 1 , so that the force F 2 acts on the contact and the output voltage V is the reference. Since the voltage value V 1 is not exceeded, the force F 1 ≈0. Therefore, at this time, F 1 <F 2 and the contacts are opened.
【００１７】〔実施例３〕図８は本発明の第３の実施例
を示す回路図である。この実施例は、回路の遮断に一般
的なサーキットブレーカを利用した例を示すものであ
る。すなわち、出力電流Ｉが基準電流値Ｉ1 を越えると
電流動作型の電磁石5cが鉄片14を吸引し、ブレーカのト
リガレバー15を矢印方向に押して引き外し機構により接
点が開放される。しかし、出力電圧Ｖが基準電圧値Ｖ1
を越えていれば電圧動作型の電磁石6cがロックバー16を
バネ17に抗して上方に動かし、鉄片14の動きを阻害す
る。このため、出力電流Ｉと出力電圧Ｖがともに基準値
を越えた場合には、トリガレバー15は動かされない。[Third Embodiment] FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment shows an example in which a general circuit breaker is used to break the circuit. That is, when the output current I exceeds the reference current value I 1 , the current-operated electromagnet 5c attracts the iron piece 14, and the trigger lever 15 of the breaker is pushed in the direction of the arrow to be opened by the tripping mechanism. However, if the output voltage V is the reference voltage value V 1
If it exceeds, the voltage-operated electromagnet 6c moves the lock bar 16 upwards against the spring 17 and hinders the movement of the iron piece 14. Therefore, when both the output current I and the output voltage V exceed the reference value, the trigger lever 15 is not moved.
【００１８】これに対して回路の短絡時には、出力電圧
Ｖが基準電圧値Ｖ1 を越えることはないためにロックバ
ー16は動作せず、バネ17によって下方に引き戻された状
態にある。従って短絡時には電流動作型の電磁石5cが鉄
片14を吸引し、トリガレバー15を矢印方向に押して接点
が開放されることとなる。On the other hand, when the circuit is short-circuited, the output voltage V does not exceed the reference voltage value V 1. Therefore, the lock bar 16 does not operate and is pulled back downward by the spring 17. Therefore, when a short circuit occurs, the current-operated electromagnet 5c attracts the iron piece 14 and pushes the trigger lever 15 in the direction of the arrow to open the contact.
【００１９】〔実施例４〕図９は本発明の第４の実施例
を示す回路図である。この実施例はダッシュポットタイ
プの短絡検出装置を示すものであり、18はヨーク、19は
その端部に枢着されたアーマチャ、20はシリンダであ
る。シリンダ20の内部にはバネ21によってポールピース
22とは反対側に弾発されたプランジャ23が収納されてい
る。シリンダ20の周りには電流コイル5dと電圧コイル6d
とが二重に設置されている。[Fourth Embodiment] FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment shows a dashpot type short-circuit detecting device, in which 18 is a yoke, 19 is an armature pivotally attached to its end, and 20 is a cylinder. Inside the cylinder 20, a spring 21 provides a pole piece.
An ejected plunger 23 is housed on the side opposite to 22. Surrounding the cylinder 20 is a current coil 5d and a voltage coil 6d
And are double installed.
【００２０】これらの電流コイル5dと電圧コイル6dと
は、電流による起磁力ＦI と電圧による起磁力ＦV とが
逆向きに働くように巻かれ、かつ短絡により太陽電池３
の出力が図３の短絡判定領域に入ったとき、ＦI ＞ＦV
となるよう設定されている。このため、短絡時にはＦI
−ＦV の力によりプランジャ23がポールピース22に吸引
され、それによってアーマチャ19がバネ24に抗して動作
し、従来のサーキットブレーカをトリップさせて回路を
遮断する。[0020] from these current coil 5d and the voltage coil 6d, and the magnetomotive force F V by magnetomotive force F I and the voltage by the current wound to act in the opposite direction, and solar by short cell 3
When the output of the input enters the short circuit judgment area of Fig. 3, F I > F V
It is set to be. Therefore, when a short circuit occurs, F I
The force of −F V causes the plunger 23 to be attracted to the pole piece 22, which causes the armature 19 to act against the spring 24, tripping a conventional circuit breaker and breaking the circuit.
【００２１】〔実施例５〕図１０は本発明の第５の実施
例を示す回路図である。この実施例は、第４の実施例の
ダッシュポットを鉄心25に置き換えたものである。また
図１１のように、電流コイル5dと電圧コイル6dとを鉄心
25の長手方向に分離させて設置してもよい。何れの場合
にも電流コイル5dによる磁束と電圧コイル6dによる磁束
とは逆向きになるようにしてあり、太陽電池３の出力が
図３の短絡判定領域に入ったとき、ＦI −ＦV の力がバ
ネ24に抗してアーマチャ19を引き付け、サーキットブレ
ーカをトリップさせて回路を遮断する点は第４の実施例
と同様である。[Fifth Embodiment] FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the dashpot of the fourth embodiment is replaced with an iron core 25. In addition, as shown in FIG. 11, the current coil 5d and the voltage coil 6d are connected to the iron core.
It may be installed separately in the longitudinal direction of 25. The magnetic flux produced by the magnetic flux and the voltage coil 6d by current coil 5d in each case Yes set to be reversed, when the output of the solar cell 3 has entered the short determination area in FIG. 3, the F I -F V Similar to the fourth embodiment, the force pulls the armature 19 against the spring 24 and trips the circuit breaker to break the circuit.
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の効果】以上に説明したように、本発明によれば
太陽電池の出力回路の短絡を日射量の変動または単なる
インピーダンスの通常の変動とは別個のものとして区別
し、的確に検出することが可能である。このため、判定
手段の異常信号に基づいて警報装置等で短絡を知らせる
ことにより早期に点検、修理などの所要の処置を行うこ
とができるため、太陽光発電システムの効率の低下を防
止できると共に信頼性の向上も期待できる。また、各実
施例に示したように短絡を検出したときに直ちに回路の
スイッチを開放することにより事故電流を遮断すること
もでき、さらにスイッチの作動状態で短絡事故がどの回
路で起きたかを特定できるという優れた効果がある。As described above, according to the present invention, the short circuit of the output circuit of the solar cell is distinguished from the fluctuation of the solar radiation amount or the normal fluctuation of the impedance and is accurately detected. Is possible. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system and to reduce the reliability because the necessary measures such as inspection and repair can be performed early by notifying the short circuit with an alarm device based on the abnormal signal of the determination means. It can be expected to improve the sex. In addition, as shown in each example, the fault current can be interrupted by opening the switch of the circuit immediately when the short circuit is detected, and the circuit in which the short circuit fault has occurred can be identified by the operating state of the switch. It has an excellent effect that it can be done.
【図１】 本発明の実施態様を説明するブロック図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】 本発明の実施態様の要部を説明するブロック
図である。FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a main part of an embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】 本発明の実施態様を説明するためのグラフで
ある。FIG. 3 is a graph for explaining an embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】 太陽電池の一般的な電圧−電流特性を示すグ
ラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph showing general voltage-current characteristics of a solar cell.
【図５】 本発明の第１の実施例を示す回路図である。FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図６】 本発明の第２の実施例を示す回路図である。FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図７】 電流による力F2と、電圧による力F1との関係
を示す概念図である。FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing a relationship between a force F 2 caused by a current and a force F 1 caused by a voltage.
【図８】 本発明の第３の実施例を示す回路図である。FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
【図９】 本発明の第４の実施例を示す回路図である。FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
【図１０】 本発明の第５の実施例を示す回路図であ
る。FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
【図１１】 第５の実施例の変形例を示す回路図であ
る。FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a modification of the fifth embodiment.
１ インバータ ２ 連系トランス ３ 太陽電池 ４ スイッチ ５ 電流センサ 5a 電流動作リレーの励磁コイル 5b 電流動作型の電磁石 5c 電流動作型の電磁石 5d 電流コイル ６ 電圧センサ 6a 電圧動作リレーの励磁コイル 6b 電圧動作型の電磁石 6c 電圧動作型の電磁石 6d 電圧コイル ７ 判定手段 ８ 電流動作リレーのａ接点 ９ 電圧動作リレーのｂ接点 10 ブレーカのトリップコイル 11 コンデンサ 12 逆流防止用のダイオード 13 鉄心 14 鉄片 15 ブレーカのトリガレバー 16 ロックバー 17 バネ 18 ヨーク 19 アーマチャ 20 シリンダ 21 バネ 22 ポールピース 23 プランジャ 24 バネ 25 鉄心 1 Inverter 2 Interconnection transformer 3 Solar cell 4 Switch 5 Current sensor 5a Current operation relay exciting coil 5b Current operation type electromagnet 5c Current operation type electromagnet 5d Current coil 6 Voltage sensor 6a Voltage operation relay exciting coil 6b Voltage operation type Electromagnet 6c Voltage-operated electromagnet 6d Voltage coil 7 Judgment means 8 A contact of current operation relay 9 B contact of voltage operation relay 10 Breaker trip coil 11 Capacitor 12 Reverse current prevention diode 13 Iron core 14 Iron piece 15 Breaker trigger lever 16 Lock bar 17 Spring 18 Yoke 19 Armature 20 Cylinder 21 Spring 22 Pole piece 23 Plunger 24 Spring 25 Iron core
Claims (4)
する電流センサと出力電圧を計測する電圧センサを設け
るとともに、これらの電流センサと電圧センサに、出力
電流が基準電流値を越え、かつ出力電圧が基準電圧値未
満であるときに短絡と判定する判定手段を接続したこと
を特徴とする太陽光発電システムにおける短絡検出装
置。1. A solar cell output circuit is provided with a current sensor for measuring an output current and a voltage sensor for measuring an output voltage, and the current sensor and the voltage sensor have an output current exceeding a reference current value, and A short-circuit detection device in a photovoltaic power generation system, characterized in that a determination means for determining a short-circuit when an output voltage is less than a reference voltage value is connected.
レーと電圧動作リレーである請求項１に記載の太陽光発
電システムにおける短絡検出装置。2. The short circuit detection device in the solar power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the current sensor and the voltage sensor are a current operation relay and a voltage operation relay.
の電磁石と電圧操作型の電磁石である請求項１に記載の
太陽光発電システムにおける短絡検出装置。3. The short-circuit detecting device in the solar power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the current sensor and the voltage sensor are a current-operated electromagnet and a voltage-operated electromagnet.
と電圧コイルである請求項１に記載の太陽光発電システ
ムにおける短絡検出装置。4. The short circuit detection device in the solar power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the current sensor and the voltage sensor are a current coil and a voltage coil.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8279612A JPH09182279A (en) | 1995-10-26 | 1996-10-22 | Short circuit detector for photovoltaic power generation system |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27855195 | 1995-10-26 | ||
| JP7-278551 | 1995-10-26 | ||
| JP8279612A JPH09182279A (en) | 1995-10-26 | 1996-10-22 | Short circuit detector for photovoltaic power generation system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09182279A true JPH09182279A (en) | 1997-07-11 |
Family
ID=26552919
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8279612A Withdrawn JPH09182279A (en) | 1995-10-26 | 1996-10-22 | Short circuit detector for photovoltaic power generation system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH09182279A (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007048421A2 (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2007-05-03 | Conergy Ag | Switch-fuse with control management for solar cells |
| WO2011055185A1 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-12 | パナソニック電工株式会社 | Power distribution system |
| US7969700B2 (en) | 2008-05-12 | 2011-06-28 | Ingeteam Energy, S.A. | Electrical circuit for protecting photovoltaic systems |
| WO2011138314A1 (en) * | 2010-05-03 | 2011-11-10 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Method for limiting the generator voltage of a photovoltaic installation in case of danger and photovoltaic installation |
| JP2012029435A (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-02-09 | Shindengen Electric Mfg Co Ltd | Power supply device and protection method of the same |
| JP2012253848A (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-12-20 | Toshiba Corp | Photovoltaic power generation system |
| JP2013501495A (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2013-01-10 | エスエムエー ソーラー テクノロジー アーゲー | Reverse current sensor |
| JP2013247787A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2013-12-09 | Toshiba Corp | Photovoltaic power generation system and short circuit current detector |
| JP2014132823A (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2014-07-17 | Panasonic Corp | Power distribution system |
| JP2014212104A (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2014-11-13 | 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 | Relay device and photovoltaic power generation system |
| JP2015188306A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-10-29 | 石川県 | Inspection device and inspection method of solar cell circuit |
| JP2019022363A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-02-07 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Opening and closing device and photovoltaic power generation system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007048421A2 (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2007-05-03 | Conergy Ag | Switch-fuse with control management for solar cells |
| WO2007048421A3 (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2007-07-12 | Conergy Ag | Switch-fuse with control management for solar cells |
| EP2369709A3 (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2014-09-03 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Switch-Fuse with control management for solar cells |
| US7969700B2 (en) | 2008-05-12 | 2011-06-28 | Ingeteam Energy, S.A. | Electrical circuit for protecting photovoltaic systems |
| US8749934B2 (en) | 2009-08-06 | 2014-06-10 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Reverse current sensor |
| JP2013501495A (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2013-01-10 | エスエムエー ソーラー テクノロジー アーゲー | Reverse current sensor |
| JP2011101537A (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-19 | Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd | Power distribution system |
| WO2011055185A1 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-12 | パナソニック電工株式会社 | Power distribution system |
| JP2014132823A (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2014-07-17 | Panasonic Corp | Power distribution system |
| US8837098B2 (en) | 2010-05-03 | 2014-09-16 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Method for limiting the generator voltage of a photovoltaic installation in case of danger and photovoltaic installation |
| WO2011138314A1 (en) * | 2010-05-03 | 2011-11-10 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Method for limiting the generator voltage of a photovoltaic installation in case of danger and photovoltaic installation |
| JP2012029435A (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-02-09 | Shindengen Electric Mfg Co Ltd | Power supply device and protection method of the same |
| JP2012253848A (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-12-20 | Toshiba Corp | Photovoltaic power generation system |
| JP2013247787A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2013-12-09 | Toshiba Corp | Photovoltaic power generation system and short circuit current detector |
| JP2014212104A (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2014-11-13 | 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 | Relay device and photovoltaic power generation system |
| JP2015188306A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-10-29 | 石川県 | Inspection device and inspection method of solar cell circuit |
| JP2019022363A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-02-07 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Opening and closing device and photovoltaic power generation system |
| JP2022040047A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2022-03-10 | 陽光電源股▲ふん▼有限公司 | Photovoltaic system, positioning method of device in string, mlpe device, and ordering method thereof |
| US11894687B2 (en) | 2020-08-26 | 2024-02-06 | Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd. | Method of ranking MLPE apparatuses and locating devices in a photovoltaic string |
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