JP2014212104A - Relay device and photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To minimize reduction of output due to shadow at a low cost, without using a computer.SOLUTION: A current dependent on the sunshine state of one of a plurality of solar cell panel groups flows through a relay coil 11, and currents dependent on the sunshine state of other solar cell panel groups flow, respectively, through other relay coils 11-11. Any one of the winding direction or the current flow direction of the relay coil 11is reverse from that of other relay coils 11-11, and the operating conditions of a relay device 10 are determined by the magnetic attraction force based on the superposition of the magnetic flux by the current flowing through the relay coil 11, and the magnetic flux by the currents flowing through other relay coils 11-11.

Description

  The present invention relates to a relay device and a photovoltaic power generation system using the relay device.

  In the conventional solar power generation system, a part of the solar cell array may be shaded by surrounding trees or buildings, and the output may decrease.

  Thus, a solar power generation system that switches the connection of solar cells so that the maximum power point can always be captured even when the light receiving surface of the solar cell array is shaded has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2012-204651 A

  However, in the conventional photovoltaic power generation system such as Patent Document 1 described above, it is assumed that a computer is used, and currents at a plurality of measurement points are measured by a plurality of sensors, and calculation is performed by a computer based on these current values. By performing processing and switching a plurality of switches, the connection of solar cells is switched, which makes the configuration complicated and requires a computer and a large number of sensors and switch switches, resulting in high costs. I will. In addition, it is necessary to supply power to the computer or sensor, and there is a problem that it becomes difficult to operate during a power failure.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described points, and an object of the present invention is to enable a reduction in output due to shadows to be suppressed with an inexpensive configuration without using a computer.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is configured as follows.

(1) The relay device of the present invention is a relay device comprising a plurality of relay coils wound around a common core and a plurality of relay contacts,
In at least one of the plurality of relay coils, the winding direction of the coil or the direction in which the current flows is opposite to the other relay coils.

  According to the relay device of the present invention, at least one relay coil of the plurality of relay coils has a coil winding direction or a current flow direction opposite to the other relay coils. Therefore, the relay device is operated and the plurality of relay contacts are switched by the magnetic attraction based on the superposition of the magnetic flux of the current flowing through at least one relay coil and the magnetic flux of the current flowing through the other relay coil. Therefore, substantially the operating conditions of the relay device can be determined by adding and subtracting the current flowing through the one relay coil and the other relay coil.

  Therefore, compared to a configuration in which a current value is measured by a sensor and a switch is controlled by a computer based on the output of the sensor, a computer, a sensor, or the like is not necessary, and the current is reduced with a simple and inexpensive configuration called a relay device. Switching control of the contact according to the value becomes possible.

  (2) In another embodiment of the relay device of the present invention, the number of turns of the at least one relay coil is different from the number of turns of the other relay coil.

  As described above, the relay device of the present invention has a magnetic attraction force based on the superposition of the magnetic flux of the current flowing in at least one relay coil and the magnetic flux of the current flowing in the other relay coil. According to this embodiment, the operating condition of the relay device can be adjusted by changing the number of turns of at least one relay coil and another relay coil. It is easy to set operating conditions.

(3) The photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention includes a plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups formed by connecting a plurality of solar cells or solar battery panels in series, and the plurality of solar cell groups or solar cells. A relay device for switching the connection state of the panel group,
The relay device is wound around a common core, and a plurality of relay coils through which currents according to the sunshine state of the plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups flow, and the plurality of solar cell groups or With a plurality of relay contacts that switch the connection state of the solar cell panel group,
In at least one relay coil of the plurality of relay coils, either the coil winding direction or the current flowing direction is opposite to the other relay coils.

  The number of turns of the at least one relay coil and the number of turns of the other relay coil may be the same or different.

  Each of the plurality of solar battery cell groups is configured by connecting a plurality of solar battery cells in series, and each of the plurality of solar battery panel groups is configured by connecting a plurality of solar battery panels in series.

  According to the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention, at least one of the relay coils through which a current corresponding to the sunshine state of each of the plurality of solar battery cell groups or solar battery panel groups flows is the winding direction of the coil, or Since any direction of the current flow direction is opposite to the other relay coil, the magnetic flux superposition of the magnetic flux due to the current flowing in at least one relay coil and the magnetic flux of the current flowing in the other relay coil Since the relay device operates and the plurality of relay contacts are switched by the magnetic attractive force based on the Can be determined.

  Therefore, a state in which a plurality of solar cell groups or solar cell panel groups are partially shaded is grasped in advance, and in that state, for example, a shaded solar cell group or solar cell panel group, and a shade A plurality of solar cell groups are configured such that a current with the solar cell group or solar cell panel group that does not flow flows through at least one of the relay coils and the other relay coil. Alternatively, it is possible to switch the relay contact of the relay device so as to suppress a decrease in output when at least some of the solar cell groups or the solar cell panel groups are shaded. .

  Thus, the power generation current of the solar battery cell group or the solar battery panel group is measured by each of the plurality of sensors, and the state in which the solar battery cell group or the solar battery panel group is shaded based on the output of the sensor is calculated. Compared with a configuration in which the connection between the solar cell group or the solar cell panel group is switched by controlling the switch to detect and calculate by means of a relay device, a reduction in output due to shade is suppressed with a simple and inexpensive configuration called a relay device. It becomes possible to do.

  (4) In one embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention, each of the plurality of solar battery cell groups constitutes one solar battery panel.

  According to this embodiment, when the shadow is applied to at least a part of the plurality of solar battery panels each constituted by each solar battery cell group, the relay device is configured to suppress a decrease in output. The relay contact can be switched.

  (5) In another embodiment of the solar power generation system of the present invention, the current flowing through the plurality of relay coils is a power generation current corresponding to each of the plurality of solar battery cell groups or each of the solar battery panel groups.

  According to this embodiment, the sunshine state of each solar cell group or each solar panel group is caused by flowing the generated current corresponding to each solar cell group or each solar panel group to each of the plurality of relay coils. Accordingly, the relay device can be operated.

  (6) In the embodiment of the above (5), the currents flowing through the plurality of relay coils are arranged in the vicinity of the plurality of solar cell groups or the solar cell panel groups, respectively, and a plurality of solar cells are provided. It is good also as the electric power generation current of the several photovoltaic cell for a monitor which each performs the electric power generation according to the sunshine state of a cell group or each solar cell panel group.

  According to this embodiment, since the plurality of monitoring solar cells are respectively arranged in the vicinity of the plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups, each monitoring solar cell is each solar cell group or each solar cell group. Power generation according to the sunshine state of the solar battery panel group can be performed, respectively, and the operating current of the relay device can be determined by flowing the power generation current of each of these monitoring solar battery cells through the plurality of relay coils. . That is, the operating condition of the relay device can be determined according to the sunshine state of a plurality of solar battery cell groups or solar battery panel groups.

  (7) In the embodiment of the above (5), the currents flowing through the plurality of relay coils are respectively arranged in solar cell panels constituting the plurality of solar cell panel groups, and a plurality of solar cells It is good also as the electric power generation current of the several photovoltaic cell for a monitor which each performs the electric power generation according to the sunshine state of a panel group.

  According to this embodiment, the plurality of solar cells for monitoring are respectively arranged in the solar cell panels constituting each of the plurality of solar cell panel groups, that is, incorporated into the solar cell panels constituting each solar cell panel group. Therefore, it is possible to perform power generation according to the sunshine state of each solar panel group, and by causing the power generation current of each of these monitor solar cells to flow through a plurality of relay coils, respectively, a plurality of each solar panel The operating conditions of the relay device can be determined according to the sunshine state of the group.

  (8) In another embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention, the at least one relay coil includes a solar cell that is in the sun (or shade) of the plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups. A current according to the sunshine state of the cell group or the solar panel group flows, and a current according to the sunshine state of the solar cell group or the solar panel group that is shaded (or sunshine) flows through the other relay coil. .

  Here, the solar cell group or solar panel group that becomes the sun (or shade) refers to the solar cell group or solar panel group that becomes the sun (or shade) in the assumed shaded state.

  According to this embodiment, among the plurality of relay coils, at least one of the relay coils includes a solar cell group or solar panel that becomes the sun (or shade) among the plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups. Since the current according to the sunshine state of the group flows, and the current according to the sunshine state of the solar cell group or solar panel group that is shaded (or sunshine) flows through the other relay coils, a plurality of solar cells When a group or solar panel group is shaded and a shaded solar cell group or solar panel group and a solar cell group or solar panel group in the sun are generated, the current flowing in at least one relay coil The relay device is operated by the magnetic attraction force based on the superposition of the magnetic flux and the magnetic flux of the current flowing through the other relay coil so as to suppress the decrease in output. It is possible to switch the connection of a plurality of solar cell groups, or solar panel group.

  (9) In the embodiment of (5) above, the currents flowing through the plurality of relay coils may be generated currents of the plurality of solar battery cell groups or solar cell panel groups.

  According to this embodiment, since the power generation current of each solar cell group or each solar cell panel group flows in the plurality of relay coils, a plurality of solar cells can be used without monitoring solar cells for monitoring the sunshine state. The operating condition of the relay device can be determined according to the sunshine state of the solar battery cell group or the solar battery panel group.

(10) In the embodiment of (9) above, the plurality of solar cell groups or solar cell panel groups have at least two solar cell groups or solar cell panel groups that are shaded,
In the at least one relay coil, a power generation current of one solar cell group or solar panel group of the at least two solar cell groups or solar panel group that is shaded flows,
In the other relay coil, the generated current of the other solar cell group or solar panel group of the at least two solar cell groups or solar panel group that is shaded flows,
You may make it provide the control means which controls the operation | movement of the said relay apparatus in the state where the said at least 2 photovoltaic cell group or solar cell panel group is not in the shade.

  According to this embodiment, at least one relay coil among the plurality of relay coils includes at least two solar cell groups or solar panel groups that are shaded and generates power from one solar cell group or solar panel group. Since the current flows and the other relay coil receives the power generation current of the other solar cell group or solar panel group of the at least two solar cell groups or solar panel group that are shaded, the at least two solar coil groups When the solar cell group or the solar panel group is shaded, the magnetic attractive force based on the superposition of the magnetic flux of the current flowing in at least one relay coil and the magnetic flux of the current flowing in the other relay coil, The connection of a plurality of solar battery cell groups or solar battery panel groups is switched so that the relay device operates and suppresses a decrease in output. Theft is possible.

  At this time, for example, when the relay device is configured to operate when the current difference between the current flowing in at least one relay coil and the current flowing in the other relay coil becomes small, the at least two solar cells Even when the group or the solar cell panel group is not in the shade but in the sun, the current difference between the current flowing through the at least one relay coil and the current flowing through the other relay coil is reduced. In this embodiment, the relay device operates undesirably, but in the state where the at least two solar cell groups or solar panel groups are not in the shade, that is, in the sunny state, by the regulating means. Since the operation of the relay device is regulated, it is possible to prevent the relay device from operating even if the output has not decreased. That.

(11) In the embodiment of (9) above, the solar cell group or the solar cell panel group includes a plurality of clusters in which a plurality of solar cells are connected in series, and each cluster corresponding to each cluster. A plurality of bypass diodes connected in parallel;
The current that flows through the plurality of relay coils may be a current that flows only through the cluster without flowing through the bypass diode corresponding to the cluster.

  In the plurality of clusters constituting the solar battery cell group or the solar battery panel group and the plurality of bypass diodes corresponding to each cluster, for example, one solar battery in a state where the two solar battery panel groups are connected in series. When a panel group is shaded, the current that is the difference between the current that flows through the cluster of the other non-shaded solar panel group and the current that flows through the cluster of one shaded solar panel group is It flows to the bypass diode of one of the solar cell panels.

  That is, there is a current difference between the current flowing through the cluster of one solar cell panel group that is shaded and the current flowing through the cluster of the other solar cell panel group that is not shaded.

  According to this embodiment, since the current that flows only to the cluster flows through the plurality of relay coils, not to the bypass diode, the current difference between the current that flows to the shaded cluster and the current that flows to the sunny cluster is used. Thus, the relay device can be operated.

  (12) In the embodiment of (11) above, at least one solar cell panel among the plurality of solar cell panels constituting the solar cell panel group is a series constituting at least one cluster of the plurality of clusters. It is good also as a structure provided with the connection terminal for connecting the said relay coil in series with respect to the connected several photovoltaic cell.

  The at least one solar cell panel is preferably a solar cell panel that is quickly shaded in the solar cell panel group to which the solar cell panel belongs, but may be a solar cell panel that is slow to shade. Other solar cell panels may be used.

  According to this embodiment, at least one solar battery panel constituting the solar battery panel group is configured such that the relay coil is connected in series to a plurality of solar battery cells connected in series constituting at least one cluster of the plurality of clusters. By connecting a relay coil to this connection terminal, a current that flows only to the cluster is allowed to flow through the relay coil without flowing through the bypass diode corresponding to the cluster. be able to.

  (13) Current flowing in the cluster of the solar cell group or solar panel group that becomes the sun (or shade) among the plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups in the at least one relay coil. The current flowing through the cluster of the solar battery cell group or solar battery panel group that flows in the shade (or in the sun) flows through the other relay coil.

  According to this embodiment, among the plurality of relay coils, at least one of the relay coils includes a solar cell group or solar panel that becomes the sun (or shade) among the plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups. The current flowing through the cluster of the group flows, and the current flowing through the cluster of the solar cell group or solar panel group that is shaded (or sunshine) flows through the other relay coils. Therefore, a plurality of solar cell groups or solar cells When a shade is applied to the panel group, and a shaded solar cell group or solar panel group and a sunny solar cell group or solar panel group occur, the magnetic flux caused by the current flowing in at least one relay coil, and the like The relay device is operated by the magnetic attraction force based on the superposition of the magnetic flux with the magnetic flux of the current flowing through the relay coil of the relay coil to suppress the decrease in output It becomes possible such switches the connection of a plurality of solar cell groups, or solar panel group.

  (14) In the embodiment of (8), (10), or (13), the plurality of relay contacts are the solar cell group that is shaded among the plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups. Or you may make it switch the connection of a solar cell panel group to either serial connection or parallel connection.

  According to this embodiment, a plurality of solar cell groups or solar cell panel groups are shaded to produce a shaded solar cell group or solar cell group and a sunny solar cell group or solar panel group. And the connection of a shaded photovoltaic cell group or a photovoltaic panel group can be switched from a serial connection to a parallel connection, and a reduction in output can be suppressed.

(15) In the embodiment of the above (8) or (9), the plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups includes a plurality of series of solar cell groups or solar panel groups connected in series. Connected to
The plurality of relay contacts may replace the plurality of shaded solar cell groups or solar panel groups belonging to different groups so as to be the same group.

  According to this embodiment, a plurality of solar battery cell groups or solar battery panel groups belonging to different groups are exchanged so as to be in the same group, so that a decrease in output can be suppressed.

  Thus, according to the present invention, at least one relay coil of the plurality of relay coils has a coil winding direction or a current flowing direction opposite to the other relay coils. Therefore, the relay device is operated by a magnetic attraction force based on the superposition of the magnetic flux of the current flowing in at least one relay coil and the magnetic flux of the current flowing in the other relay coil, so that a plurality of relay contacts are formed. Since the switching is performed, the operating condition of the relay device can be substantially determined by adding and subtracting the current flowing through the one relay coil and the other relay coil.

  In addition, it is possible to grasp a state in which a plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups are partially shaded in advance, and in that state, for example, in the shade solar cell group or solar panel group, in the shade A plurality of solar cell groups are configured such that a current with the solar cell group or solar cell panel group that does not flow flows through at least one of the relay coils and the other relay coil. Alternatively, when the solar cell panel group is partially shaded, the relay contact of the relay device can be switched so as to suppress a decrease in output.

  Thus, the power generation current of the solar battery cell group or the solar battery panel group is measured by each of the plurality of sensors, and the state in which the solar battery cell group or the solar battery panel group is shaded based on the output of the sensor is calculated. Compared with a configuration in which the connection between the solar cell group or the solar cell panel group is switched by controlling the switch to detect and calculate by means of a relay device, a reduction in output due to shade is suppressed with a simple and inexpensive configuration called a relay device. It becomes possible to do.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the solar cell array (panel) of FIG. It is a figure which shows the solar cell panel and monitor cell of FIG. It is a figure which shows the other structural example of a monitor cell. It is a figure corresponding to FIG. 3 using the monitor cell of FIG. It is a figure which shows the state where the shade was applied to the solar cell array (panel structure) of FIG. It is a schematic structure figure of a relay device concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the connection structure of the wiring switching box of FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the connection box of FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the law of the circumference integration of an ampere. It is a figure which shows the connection state of each panel group of the reset state of a relay apparatus, and an operation state. It is a figure which shows the connection state of each panel group of a prior art example. It is a figure corresponding to Drawing 11 (a) of other embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a view corresponding to FIG. 6 of still another embodiment of the present invention (a state where a band-like shadow is applied). It is a figure which shows the connection structure of the wiring switching box of embodiment of FIG. It is a figure corresponding to FIG. 11 of embodiment of FIG. It is a figure which shows the connection state of embodiment of FIG. It is a block diagram of further another embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of other embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of the different connection state of FIG. It is a block diagram of further another embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of a solar cell panel. It is a figure which shows the characteristic of the 1st, 3rd panel of FIG. 21, The figure (a) is a current-voltage characteristic, The figure (b) is a figure which shows a power voltage characteristic. It is a figure for demonstrating the decomposition | disassembly into the characteristic of the 1st panel of a sunny day, and the characteristic of a shaded 3rd panel of the current-voltage characteristic of FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating decomposition | disassembly into the characteristic of a cluster, and the characteristic of a bypass diode of the current-voltage characteristic of the shaded 3rd panel of FIG. It is a block diagram of the different connection state of FIG. It is a block diagram for demonstrating the shift to a different connection state. It is a figure which shows the example of a connection of the solar cell panel of embodiment of FIG. 21, and the coil of a relay apparatus. It is a block diagram of another example. It is a block diagram of the different connection state of FIG. It is a block diagram for demonstrating the shift to a different connection state. It is a figure which shows the example of a connection of the solar cell panel of FIG. 29, and a latching relay. It is a block diagram of further another embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of further another embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a photovoltaic power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  The photovoltaic power generation system 1 according to this embodiment includes a solar cell array 2 and wiring that switches the wiring connection between the solar cell panel and the connection box 4 that constitute the solar cell array 2 according to the sunshine state of the solar cell array 2. A switching box 3 and a power conditioner 5 connected to the grid 6 are provided while converting DC power from the solar cell array 2 into AC power.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of the solar cell array 2 of FIG. In this embodiment, an example of a system configuration of about 3 kW is shown, and the solar cell array 2 includes first to fourth solar cell panel groups (hereinafter referred to as “first to fourth panel groups”) 8 ₁ to 8 _4. It has. Each of the panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ is configured by connecting four solar cell panels 7 of about 200 W in series. In each of the panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ , _first to _fourth monitor cells 9 _{1 to} 9 ₄ made of solar cells for monitoring the sunshine state are arranged close to each other.

Each monitor cell 9 _to 93 _4, to allow monitoring the sunshine state of each panel group 8 _{1-8 4,} for example, as shown in FIG. 3, are connected in series constituting each panel group 8 _{1-8 4} Further, it is arranged in the vicinity of two solar cell panels 7 connected to an intermediate position among the four solar cell panels 7.

In this embodiment, each of the monitor cells 9 _{1 to} 9 ₄ is configured separately from the solar cell panel 7 of each of the panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ , and they are combined. However, as another embodiment of the present invention, For example, as shown in FIG. 4, one of the plurality of solar cells of the solar panel 7a is configured as a monitor cell 9a, that is, the solar panel 7a itself includes one monitor cell 9a. It is good.

When this configuration is applied to the present embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, two solar cells connected to an intermediate position among the four solar cell panels 7 respectively configuring the panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 _4. One side of the battery panel 7 may be replaced with a solar battery panel 7a _{1 to} 7a ₄ including monitor cells 9a _{1 to} 9a ₄ , respectively.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the solar cell array 2 includes a _first panel for connecting each panel group 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ to a relay contact of a relay device described later in the wiring switching box 3 of FIG. To eighth terminals T1 to T8. First, second terminals T1, T2 are respectively connected to the third panel group 8 negative side and the positive side of the _3, third and fourth terminals T3, T4, the first panel group 8 ₁ on the negative electrode side and positive are connected respectively to the side, fifth, sixth terminal T5, T6 are respectively connected to the negative and positive side of the fourth panel group 8 _4, 7, 8 terminals T7, T8, the second panel group 8 ₂ are respectively connected to the negative electrode side and the positive electrode side.

The solar cell array 2 includes _first to _fourth monitor cells 9 _{1 to} 9 ₄ for monitoring the sunshine state of the _first to fourth panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ , respectively, and relays in the wiring switching box 3 of FIG. Ninth to sixteenth terminals T9 to T16 for connecting to the coil of the apparatus are provided. Ninth, tenth terminal T9, T10 are respectively connected to the positive electrode side and negative electrode side of the first monitor cell 9 _1, 11, 12 terminal T11, T12 is the positive electrode side and negative electrode side of the second monitor cell 9 ₂ are connected, 13th, 14th terminal T13, T14 are respectively connected to the positive electrode side and negative electrode side of the third monitor cell 9 _3, 15, 16 terminal T15, T16 is the positive electrode side of the fourth monitor cell 9 ₄ And connected to the negative electrode side.

  In this embodiment, the shade state applied to the solar cell array 2 is grasped in advance by obstacles around the solar cell array 2 such as buildings and trees, and the output is lowered when the shade is applied. Can be suppressed with a low-cost configuration without using a computer.

FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a state in which the solar cell array 2 is most shaded. The building is present on the west side (right side in the figure) where the solar cell array 2 of this embodiment is installed, and all the panel groups 8 _{1 in the} morning due to the sun rising from the east side (left side in the figure). 8 is ₄ to sunlight is irradiated, the sun tilts afternoon shade S1 of buildings, gradually takes Introduction solar cell array 2, FIG. 6 shows a state in which most negative S1 is applied .

In this embodiment, the first panel group 8 ₁ southeast side, not applied shade S1, the second to fourth panel group 8 _{2-8 4,} the shade S1 is consuming is grasped in advance in a substantially triangular It is a premise that, when this shadow S1 is applied, a decrease in the output is suppressed.

Specifically, first to based on the output of the fourth monitor cell 9 _to 93 ₄ to monitor the sunshine state of each panel group 8 _{1-8 4,} the installed relay device within the wiring switching box 3 of Figure 1 The sunshine state is detected to switch the wiring connection between the panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 _{4 of} the solar cell array 2 and the connection box 4 to suppress the decrease in output.

The wiring switching box 3 shown in FIG. 1 is provided with a relay device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The relay device 10 of this embodiment has a common core (iron core) as shown in FIG. ) Four first to fourth relay coils (hereinafter referred to as “first to fourth coils”) 11 _{1 to} 11 ₄ wound around 14 respectively, and three sets of interlocking relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ I have. In FIG. 7, only one set of relay contacts is representatively shown. Each set of relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ includes a contacts 12 ₁ a to 12 ₃ a, b contacts 12 ₁ b to 12 ₃ b, and c contacts 12 ₁ c to 12 ₃ c. The configurations of the coils 11 _{1 to} 11 ₄ , such as the number of turns and the winding direction, are all the same. The three sets of relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ are movable contacts c contacts 12 ₁ c to 12 ₃ c and b contacts 12 ₁ by an electromagnet including the core 14 and the first to fourth coils 11 _{1 to} 11 _4. Switching from the b-12 ₃ b side to the a contact 12 ₁ a-12 ₃ a side.

First to fourth coils 11 ₁ to 11 ₄ of the relay device 10 is connected to the first to fourth monitor cell 9 ₁ to 9 ₄ in FIG. In this embodiment, among the first to fourth coil 11 ₁ to 11 _4, the first coil 9 ₁ for monitoring the first sunshine state of the panel group 8 _1, second to fourth panel group 8 _{2-8 4} The connection directions of the _{second to} fourth coils 9 _{2 to} 9 ₄ that monitor the sunshine state are reversed. Therefore, a current in the direction opposite to that of the other _second to _fourth coils 11 _{2 to} 11 ₄ flows through the first coil 11 ₁ .

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a connection configuration of the relay device 10 installed in the wiring switching box 3, and FIG. 9 shows a schematic configuration of the connection box 4 that connects the wiring switching box 3 and the power conditioner 5. FIG.

FIG. 8 shows the return state of the relay device 10. In FIG. 8, the first to first solar cell arrays 2 of FIG. 2 connected to the _first to _fourth coils 11 _{1 to} 11 ₄ of the relay device 10, respectively. fourth monitor cell 9 ₁ to 9 ₄ of the terminals T9~T16 and, first to fourth panels of a solar array 2 of Figure 2 connected respectively to the three sets of relay contacts 12 ₁ to 12 ₃ of the relay device 10 shows the connection terminals C1~C3 group 8 _{1-8 4} terminals of T1~T8 and junction box 4 in Fig.

The 8, the first to fourth coil 11 ₁ to 11 ₄ of the relay device 10 is connected to the first to fourth monitor cell 9 ₁ to 9 _4. At that time, the first coil 11 ₁ is first monitor cell 9 ₁ 10 of FIG. 2, is connected to the ninth terminal T10, T9, second to fourth coil 11 _{2-11 4,} second to fourth 11 monitor cell 9 _{2-9 4,} 12; 13, 14; is connected to T15, T16; 15, 16 terminal T11, T12; T13, T14. That is, the first coil 11 ₁ is connected to the _second to _fourth coils 11 _{2 to} 11 ₄ so that the polarity of the monitor cell 9 ₁ is reversed.

Among the three sets of relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ of the relay device 10, the c contact 12 ₁ c of the first set of relay contacts 12 ₁ is the second panel group 8 ₂ of the solar cell array 2 shown in FIG. is connected to the eighth terminal T8 is a positive electrode side, a contact 12 ₁ a is connected to the second connection terminal C2 of the second blocking diode 13 ₂ of the anode (positive electrode) side of the junction box 4, shown in Figure 9 , b contacts 12 ₁ b is connected in common to a second terminal T2 and the third terminal T3 is a negative side of the first panel unit 8 ₁ is a positive electrode side of the third panel group 8 _3, 3 The relay contact 12 ₃ of the set is connected to the b contact 12 ₃ b.

The second set of c-contact 12 ₂ c of the relay contact 12 ₂ is connected to the seventh terminal T7 is a second negative electrode side of the panel group 8 _2, a contact 12 ₂ a, the third set of relay contacts 12 ₃ is connected to a normally open 12 ₃ a, b contacts 12 ₂ b are, in the fifth terminal T5 is the third is the negative electrode side of the panel group 8 ₃ and the first terminal T1 negative electrode side of the fourth panel unit 8 ₄ In addition to being connected in common, it is connected to the third connection terminal C3 on the negative electrode side of the connection box 4 shown in FIG.

The third set of c-contact 12 ₃ c of the relay contact 12 _3, the fourth panel unit 8 ₄ is connected to the sixth terminal T6 is a positive electrode side, a contact 12 ₃ a, the second set of as above The relay contact 12 ₂ is connected to the contact a 12 ₂ a, and the contact b 12 ₃ b is connected to the contact b 12 ₁ b of the first set of relay contacts 12 ₁ as described above, and the first panel group 8 They are connected in common to the _first and the third terminal T3 is a negative electrode side and the second terminal T2 is a positive electrode side of the third panel group 8 _3.

The fourth terminal T4 is a positive electrode side of the first panel group 8 ₁ shown in FIG. 2, the first reverse current preventing diode 13 ₁ of the anode junction box 4 shown in Fig. 9 through the wiring switching box 3 ( It is connected to the first connection terminal C1 on the positive electrode side.

In the junction box 4 shown in FIG. 9, the cathode (negative electrode) side of the first and second backflow prevention diodes 13 ₁ and 13 ₂ is connected to become a positive side connection terminal. Instead of the first and second backflow prevention diodes 13 ₁ and 13 ₂ , backflow prevention relays may be used.

The relay device 10 according to this embodiment switches the connection state of wiring between the solar cell array 2 and the connection box 4 by monitoring the sunshine state of the _first to _fourth panel groups 8 ₁ to 84 of the solar cell array 2. Therefore, the processing for that is performed by superimposing the magnetic fluxes of the _first to _fourth coils 11 _{1 to} 11 ₄ . The addition and subtraction of the current flowing through the first to fourth coil 11 ₁ to 11 _4, and to perform by selecting the direction of the current flowing through the first to fourth coil 11 ₁ to 11 _4.

In this embodiment, as described above, the first to be connected first to sunshine state of the fourth panel group 8 _{1-8 4} to the first to fourth monitor cell 9 _to 93 ₄ to monitor each of the four 11 ₁ to 11 within ₄ coils, first only coil 11 _1, the direction of current flow, and the second to fourth coil 11 _{2-11 4} are opposite to.

Here, if the currents flowing in the _first to fourth coils 11 _{1 to} 11 ₄ are coil ₁ to coil ₄ , the current coil ₁ flowing to the first coil 11 ₁ and the other _second to _fourth coils 11 _{2 to} 11 ₄ are changed. When the current difference from the total current of the flowing currents coil2 to coil4 exceeds the threshold current, that is, as follows,
| Coil1- (coil2 + coil3 + coil4) |> threshold current The relay device 10 operates to switch the three sets of relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ .

When the current difference between the current coil1 flowing in the first coil 11 ₁ and the total current of the currents coil2 to coil4 flowing in the other _second to _fourth coils 11 _{2 to} 11 ₄ becomes equal to or less than the threshold current, the relay device 10 Returning, the three relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ are switched to the original state. Note that the return current that the relay device 10 returns due to the hysteresis characteristics of the relay is different from the threshold current, and in the following description, the current that the relay device 10 returns is referred to as the return current.

In this embodiment, as described below, first to fourth panel group 8 _{1-8 4} sun rises, therefore, start power generation solar to the first to fourth monitor cell 9 _to 93 ₄ is irradiated Then, the relay device 10 operates exceeding the threshold current, and in the afternoon, the _second to _fourth panel groups 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ , and hence the _second to fourth monitor cells 9 _{1 to} 9 ₄ , FIG. As shown, when the shadow S1 is applied, the relay device 10 is configured to return below the return current.

  Here, the basic principle of the relay device 10 will be further described.

The principle of performing the determination calculation for operating the relay device 10 by superimposing the magnetic fluxes of the _first to _fourth coils 11 _{1 to} 11 ₄ is “Amplitude of Rotational Integration” and “Magnetic Attraction Force”. .

  “Ampere's Law of Circulation Integral” means that “the sum of the product of the strength of the magnetic field and the length along the magnetic field when the current makes a round in the magnetic field is the current contained in the closed curve (For example, “Electric Fundamentals (above)” co-authored by Junichi Kawakami et al., Tokyo Denki University Press, p102).

As shown in FIG. 10, there are currents Ia, Ib, and Ic. Around this, in the direction of the arrows in the figure, the distance between AB is H ₁ [A / m], the distance between BC is H ₂ [A / m], and the distance between CDs. When a magnetic field of H ₄ [A / m] is generated between H ₃ [A / m] and DA and the lengths are l ₁ , l ₂ , l ₃ , and l ₄ [m], respectively, ABCDA and the magnetic field And the ampere circuit rule is applied, the sum of the product of the magnetic field strength and length is
H ₁ l ₁ + H ₂ l ₂ + (− H ₃ l ₃ ) + H ₄ l ₄
And the sum of the currents in this closed curve is positive if the current in the direction of the right-handed screw is positive:
Ia + Ib + (− Ic)
It becomes. Therefore, in this case, Ampere's law of circular integration can be expressed as follows.

H ₁ l ₁ + H ₂ l ₂ + (− H ₃ l ₃ ) + H ₄ l ₄ = Ia + Ib + (− Ic)
That is, if the magnetic field strength H can be regarded as being constant in the magnetic circuit, it means that the sum of currents I (in consideration of the direction) is proportional to the magnetic field H.

  The “magnetic attraction force” is expressed by the following equation (“Electric Fundamentals (above)” co-authored by Junichi Kawakami et al., Tokyo Denki University Press, p150).

F = (B ² / 2μ ₀ ) × S [N]
The magnetic attractive force F is proportional to the square of the magnetic flux density B, and the magnetic flux density B is proportional to the magnetic field strength H. Therefore, it can be seen that the magnetic attractive force F is proportional to the square of the magnetic field strength H.

From these two principles, the square of the sum of the currents in consideration of the direction becomes the magnetic attractive force. Therefore, the magnetic attractive force of the relay device 10, when it exceeds the force of the return spring, the relay contact 12 ₁ to 12 ₃ is switched. That is, the operation condition of the relay can be defined by the result of addition / subtraction of the current flowing through the relay coils 11 _{1 to} 11 ₄ . This means that the determination calculation is performed by superimposing the magnetic fluxes of the relay coils 11 _{1 to} 11 ₄ .

11A and 11B show the panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ of the solar cell array 2 and the backflow prevention diodes 13 _{1 of} the junction box 4 when the relay device 10 is in the return state and the operating state. It is a figure which shows a connection structure with 13 ₂ grade | etc., Respectively.

The return state of the relay device 10, as shown in FIG. (A), 3 sets of the c-contact 12 ₁ C～12 ₃ c of the relay contacts 12 ₁ to 12 ₃ of the relay apparatus 10, each b-contact 12 ₁ b-12 ₃ b side.

The first set of relay contacts 12 _1, the positive electrode side of the second panel group ₈₂ is connected to the connection portion of the positive electrode side of the first panel group 8 ₁ on the negative electrode side and the third panel group 8 _3, second by a set of relay contacts 12 _2, the negative electrode side of the second panel group ₈₂ is connected to the connection portion between the negative electrode side of the anode side of the third panel group 8 ₃ and the fourth panel group 8 _4. The by three sets of relay contacts 12 _3, the positive electrode side of the fourth panel unit 8 _4, like the positive electrode side of the second panel group 8 _2, the first panel group 8 ₁ on the negative electrode side and the third panel group 8 ₃ Connected to the positive electrode side.

Therefore, in this return state, three _second to _fourth panel groups 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ connected in parallel to the first panel group 8 ₁ are connected in series. Hereinafter, this connection state may be referred to as “3 parallel”.

In operation of the relay device 10, as shown in FIG. (B), 3 sets of the c-contact 12 ₁ C～12 ₃ c of the relay contacts 12 ₁ to 12 ₃ of the relay apparatus 10, each a-contact 12 ₁ a-12 ₃ It switches to the a side. The first set of relay contacts 12 _1, the positive electrode side of the second panel group ₈₂ is connected to a second blocking diode 13 ₂ of the anode (positive electrode) side, by a second set of relay contacts 12 _2, second negative electrode side of the panel group ₈₂ is connected to the third set of relay contacts 12 ₃ of a contact 12 ₃ a. The third set of relay contacts 12 _3, the positive electrode side of the fourth panel unit 8 ₄ is connected to the second anode side of the panel group _82.

Therefore, in this operation state, as in the conventional example shown in FIG. 12, the first and third panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ connected in series and the second and fourth panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₃ connected in series are connected. 8 ₄ are connected in parallel. Hereinafter, this connection state may be referred to as “two series and two parallel”.

  Next, the operation | movement according to the change of the daylight state of this day of this embodiment is demonstrated.

  First, in a state where the early morning sunlight is not irradiated on the solar cell array 2, the relay device 10 is in the return state (three parallel states) of FIG.

When the sun rises and the solar cell array 2 is irradiated with sunlight, the panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ start power generation, and the monitor cells 9 _{1 to} 9 ₄ also start power generation. The current difference between the total current flowing through the _second to fourth coils 11 _{2 to} 11 ₄ and the current flowing through the first coil 11 ₁ exceeds the threshold current, so that the relay device 10 operates and three sets of relay contacts 12 ₁ to 12 ₁ 12 ₃ c contacts 12 ₁ c to 12 ₃ c are switched to the a contacts 12 ₁ a to 12 ₃ a side, and the connection state in FIG. 11B, that is, the connection state similar to the conventional state in FIG. Thus, the first and third panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ connected in series and the second and fourth panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ connected in series are connected in parallel (2 series and 2 parallel). Power generation in the state of

After noon, the shade of the building is applied to the solar cell array 2, and as shown in FIG. 6, when the shade S1 of the triangle is applied, the _second to _fourth panel groups 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ to which the shade S1 is applied are applied. generated current is reduced, simultaneously, also reduced the second to the power generation current of the fourth monitor cell 9 _{2-9 4.} The generated current of the _{second to} fourth monitor cells 9 _{2 to} 9 ₄ is reduced, and the total current flowing through the _second to _fourth coils 11 _{2 to} 11 ₄ of the relay device 10 and the current flowing through the first coil 11 ₁ are calculated. current difference is below a return current, the relay apparatus 10 is restored, returning the state of FIG. 11 (a) (3 parallel state), i.e., the first panel group 8 _1, parallel connected three The _second to fourth panel groups 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ are connected in series.

The connection state similar to the conventional one shown in FIG. 11B, that is, the first and third panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ connected in series and the second and fourth panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 connected in series. ₄ is connected in parallel (two-two-two parallel state), and if the shade of the triangle is applied to the _second to _fourth panel groups 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ , the solar cell of the sun that is not shaded The electric current value produced | generated by the panel 7 will be pulled by the electric current value produced | generated by the shaded solar cell panel 7 with a shadow, and will fall.

In contrast, as shown in FIG. 11 (a), the first panel group 8 _1, parallel connected three second to fourth panel group 8 _{2-8 4,} when connected in series , it is added together is second to current of the fourth panel group 8 _{2-8 4} in shaded connected in parallel, may be a current which is substantially approximated to the first panel 8 ₁ of the current group in the sun.

  The return state shown in FIG. 11A is continued until the morning sunshine on the next day.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, when the solar cell array 2 is shaded by a building or the like S1, the shaded _second to _fourth panel groups 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ are displayed. Since they are connected in parallel and connected in series with the first panel group 8 _{1 in} the sun, the first, third panel groups 8 ₁ , 8 ₃ and the second, fourth panel groups 8 ₂ , 8 ₄ are respectively connected in series. Compared with the connected state, it is possible to suppress a decrease in output.

Moreover, the relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ are switched by the magnetic attractive force based on the superposition of magnetic fluxes caused by the currents flowing in the _first to fourth coils 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ of the single relay device 10 to switch the second to second. Since the connection state of the four panel groups 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ is switched, current values are measured by a plurality of sensors as in the conventional example, and calculation processing is performed by a computer based on the measured values. There is no need to perform switching control. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a computer and a plurality of sensors and switches, and a decrease in output due to shadows can be suppressed with a simple configuration and low cost.

Further, in the conventional example using a computer and a sensor, operation becomes difficult at the time of a power failure, and thus a backup power source is necessary. In this embodiment, the relay contacts 10 _{1 to} 12 are added and subtracted by the relay device 10. _{Since 3} is switched, no power supply is required.

In this embodiment, although using the relay apparatus 10 having three sets of relay contacts 12 ₁ to 12 _3, as shown in FIG. 13 corresponding to FIG. 11 described above (a), omitting a set of relay contacts it may be using a relay device 10 having two sets of relay contacts 12 _1, 12 _2. In FIG. 13, instead of the negative electrode side of the relay contact 12 _{2 2} second panel group 8 of FIG. 11 (a), it is provided with a bypass diode 13 _3. In order to reduce the power loss and heat generation, in place of the bypass diode 13 _3, it may be substituted by backflow prevention relay.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, although the _second to fourth monitor cells 9 _{2 to} 9 ₄ corresponding to the _second to _fourth panel groups 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ are used, the panel groups connected in series are used. As for the second and fourth panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ , the generated current limit by the fourth panel group 8 ₄ , which is darker, is larger than that of the second panel group 8 ₂ . Accordingly, another embodiment of the present invention, the second monitor cell 9 ₂ corresponding to the second panel group 8 ₂ omitted, the current coil1 flowing through the first coil 11 _1, the other third, fourth coil 11 ₃ , 11 ₄ when the current difference from the total current of coil 3 and coil ₄ exceeds the threshold current, that is, as follows:
| Coil1- (coil3 + coil4) |> The threshold current relay device 10 may be operated.

In this case, when the current difference between the current coil1 that flows through the first coil 11 ₁ and the total current of the currents coil3 and coil4 that flows through the _third and fourth coils 11 ₃ and 11 ₄ falls below the return current, the relay device 10 Return.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 14 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 6 of another embodiment of the present invention. In the above-described embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, when the shade S <b> 1 due to a building or the like covers a substantially triangular shape on the solar cell array 2, a decrease in output is suppressed. On the other hand, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, the strip-shaped shade S <b> 2 due to a tree stand or a utility pole is applied to the second and third panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₃ of the solar cell array 2 in advance. As is known, when this strip-shaped shade S2 is applied, the output is prevented from decreasing.

  FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a connection configuration of the relay device 10 installed in the wiring switching box 3 of this embodiment, and corresponds to FIG. 8 of the above-described embodiment.

In this embodiment, two sets of relay contacts 12 ₁ and 12 ₂ of the relay device 10 are used.

Further, in connection between the _first to fourth coils 11 _{1 to} 11 ₄ of the relay device 10 and the first to fourth monitor cells 9 _{1 to} 9 ₄ of the solar cell array 2, the first and fourth coils 11 ₁ , 11 are connected. ₄ and the second and third coils 11 ₂ and 11 ₃ are connected such that the polarities of the monitor cells 9 ₁ and 9 ₄ ; 9 ₂ and 9 ₃ are reversed. That is, in the first and fourth coils 11 ₁ and 11 ₄ and the second and third coils 11 ₂ and 11 ₃ , the direction in which the current flows is opposite.

The first set of relay contacts 12 ₁ of the c-contact 12 ₁ c of the relay apparatus 10 is connected to the second terminal T2 is a positive electrode side of the third panel group 8 ₃ of the solar cell array 2 shown in FIG. 14, a reference character A contact 12 ₁ a is connected to the seventh terminal T7 is a negative side of the second panel group ₈₂ of the solar cell array 2 is connected to a second set of relay contacts 12 _{and second} contact b 12 ₂ b . The b contact 12 ₁ b of the relay contact 12 ₁ is connected to the third terminal T 3 on the negative side of the first panel group 8 ₁ and to the a contact 12 ₂ a of the second set of relay contacts 12 _2. The

The second set of c-contact 12 ₂ c of the relay contact 12 ₂ of the relay device 10 is connected to the sixth terminal T6 is a positive electrode side of the fourth panel group 8 _4, a contact 12 ₂ a, the first is connected to the third terminal T3 is a negative side of the panel group _81, is connected to the first set of relay contacts 12 ₁ of the b-contact 12 ₁ b. The b contact 12 ₂ b of the relay contact 12 ₂ is connected to the seventh terminal T 7 on the negative side of the second panel group 8 ₂ and to the a contact 12 ₁ a of the first set of relay contacts 12 _1. The

The fourth terminal T4 is a positive electrode side of the first panel group 8 ₁ shown in FIG. 14, first blocking diode 13 ₁ of the anode junction box 4 shown in Fig. 9 through the wiring switching box 3 ( is connected to the first connection terminal C1 of the positive electrode) side, and the fourth terminal T8 is a positive electrode side of the second panel group _82, the second backflow prevention of junction box 4 shown in Fig. 9 through the wiring switching box 3 It is connected to the second connection terminal C2 of the diode 13 _{and second} anode (positive electrode) side.

Furthermore, with the fifth terminal T5 to the first terminal T1 is a negative side of the third panel group 8 ₃ a fourth negative electrode side of the panel group 8 ₄ are commonly connected, junction box 4 shown in FIG. 9 To the third connection terminal C3 on the negative electrode side.

16A and 16B show the panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ of the solar cell array 2 and the backflow prevention diodes of the junction box 4 of FIG. 9 when the relay device 10 is in the return state and the operating state. 13 _1, 13 is a diagram showing respectively the connection configuration of the ₂ and the like, FIG. 11 of the above embodiments (a), is a view corresponding to (b).

In the return state of the relay device 10, as shown in FIG. 5A, the c contacts 12 ₁ c and 12 ₂ c of the two sets of relay contacts 12 ₁ and 12 ₂ of the relay device are respectively connected to the b contacts 12 ₁ b. , 12 ₂ b side.

The first set of relay contacts 12 _1, and the negative electrode side of the first panel group 8 _1, is connected to the positive electrode side of the third panel group 8 _3, the second set of relay contacts 12 _2, the second panel group 8 negative electrode side of the ₂ and the positive electrode side of the fourth panel unit 8 ₄ are connected.

Accordingly, in this return state, as in the conventional example shown in FIG. 12, the first and third panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ connected in series and the second and fourth panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 connected in series are connected. 8 ₄ are connected in parallel.

In the operating state of the relay device 10, as shown in FIG. 5B, the c contacts 12 ₁ c and 12 ₂ c of the two sets of relay contacts 12 ₁ and 12 ₂ of the relay device 10 are respectively connected to the a contacts 12 _1. a, 12 ₂ Switches to the a side. The first set of relay contacts 12 _1, the negative electrode side of the first panel unit 8 ₁ is connected to the positive side of the fourth panel group 8 _4, the second set of relay contacts 12 _2, second panel group 8 ₂ negative electrode side of the is connected to the positive electrode side of the third panel group 8 _3.

Therefore, in this operation state, the first and fourth panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 ₄ connected in series and the second and third panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₃ connected in series are connected in parallel. That is, the third and fourth panel groups 8 ₃ and 8 ₄ in the return state in FIG.

  Next, the operation | movement according to the change of the daylight state of this day of this embodiment is demonstrated.

  First, in a state in which early morning sunlight is not irradiated on the solar cell array, the relay device 10 is in the return state of FIG.

When the sun rises and the solar cell array 2 is irradiated with sunlight, the panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ start power generation, and the monitor cells 9 _{1 to} 9 ₄ also start power generation. The current difference between the total current flowing through the first and fourth coils 11 ₁ and 11 ₄ and the total current flowing through the second and third coils 11 ₂ and 11 ₃ becomes substantially equal, and the return state is reached without exceeding the threshold current. 12, the first and third panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ connected in series, and the second and fourth panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ connected in series, However, power generation is continued in a state of being connected in parallel.

After noon, the shade S2 of the utility pole is applied to the solar cell array 2 as shown in FIG. 14, and the generated current of the shaded second and third panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₃ is reduced, The generated currents of the second and third monitor cells 9 ₂ and 9 ₃ are also reduced. The generated currents of the second and third monitor cells 9 ₂ and 9 ₃ become small, and the total current flowing through the _first and fourth coils 11 ₁ and 11 ₄ of the relay device 10 and the second and third coils 11 ₂ and 11 _When the current difference from the total current flowing through ₃ exceeds the threshold current, the relay device 10 operates, and the c contacts 12 ₁ c and 12 ₂ c of the two sets of relay contacts 12 ₁ and 12 ₂ are connected to the a contacts. It is switched to the 12 ₁ a, 12 ₂ a side, the connection state of FIG. 16B, that is, the first and fourth panel groups 8 ₁ , 8 ₄ connected in series and the second, third connected in series. The panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₃ are connected in parallel.

The connection state similar to the conventional one shown in FIG. 16A, that is, the first and third panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ connected in series and the second and fourth panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 connected in series. ₄ and is in a state of being connected in parallel, as shown in FIG. 17, the second, the third panel group 8 _2, 8 ₃ behind S2 is applied, a fourth Hinata not hazy shade S2, The current value generated in the first panel group 8 ₄ , 8 ₁ is pulled down by the current value generated in the shaded second and third panel groups 8 ₂ , 8 ₃ and decreases.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 16 (b), the third and fourth panel groups 8 ₃ and 8 ₄ are exchanged, and the first and fourth panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 in the sun without the shade S2 are applied. 8 ₄ are connected in series and shaded second and third panel groups 8 ₂ , 8 ₃ are connected in series, so that the first and fourth panel groups 8 ₁ , 8 ₄ in the shade are connected to the second shaded group. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the current value from being lowered by being pulled by the third panel group 8 ₂ , 8 ₃ .

  When there is no sunshine, the relay device 10 is in the return state shown in FIG.

(Embodiment 3)
In the embodiments described above, but to control the operation of the relay apparatus 10 by using the generated current monitor cells 91 _to 93 _4, another embodiment of the present invention, omitting the monitor cell 9 _to 93 _4, each panel The operation of the relay device 10 may be controlled using the generated currents of the groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ .

FIG. 18 corresponds to the first embodiment, and shows a connection configuration between the coils 11 _{1 to} 11 _{4 of} the relay device 10 and the panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ of the solar cell array 2. It is a figure corresponding to the above-mentioned Fig.11 (a).

In this embodiment, the coils 11 _{1 to} 11 ₄ of the relay device 10 are inserted on the positive side of the panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ , and only the first coil 11 ₁ has a direction in which a current flows. The four coils 11 _{2 to} 11 ₄ are connected in the opposite direction.

As a result, as in the first embodiment, when the solar cell array 2 is irradiated with sunlight, the panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ start generating power, and the second to fourth coils 11 of the relay device 10 are started. The current difference between the total current flowing through _{2 to} 11 ₄ and the current flowing through the first coil 11 ₁ exceeds the threshold current, and the relay device 10 operates, and each of the c contacts of the _three relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ is operated. 12 ₁ c to 12 ₃ c are switched to the respective a contacts 12 ₁ a to 12 ₃ a side to be in a connection state similar to the conventional one in FIG. 12, and the first and third panel groups 8 ₁ , 8 connected in series. ₃ and the second and fourth panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ connected in series continue to generate electricity in a state where they are connected in parallel (two-series and two-parallel state).

When a substantially triangular shade S1 is applied to the solar cell array 2 in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the generated current of the shaded _second to _fourth panel groups 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ is reduced, and the relay device 10 When the current difference between the total current flowing through the _second to fourth coils 11 _{2 to} 11 ₄ and the current flowing through the first coil 11 ₁ falls below the return current, the relay device 10 returns to the first panel group 8 _1. On the other hand, the three _second to _fourth panel groups 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ connected in parallel return to the return state (three parallel states) connected in series.

Thus, in the state in which took shade S1 of substantially triangular, the second to fourth panel group 8 _{2-8 4} currents in parallel connected shade, substantially in the first panel 8 ₁ of the current group in Hinata An approximate current can be obtained, and a decrease in output can be suppressed.

(Embodiment 4)
In the third embodiment of FIG. 18, based on the current flowing through the first panel group 8 ₁ in the sun and the current flowing through the _second to _fourth panel groups 8 ₂ to 8 _{4 which} are shaded, the relay contacts 12 ₁ to 12 ₁ . Although configured to switch the 12 _3, as another embodiment of the present invention, based on only the current flowing through the second to fourth panel group 8 _{2-8 4} made in the shade, the relay contact 12 ₁ to 12 ₃ You may make it switch.

FIG. 19 shows switching of the relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ on the basis of the currents flowing through the _third and fourth panel groups 8 ₃ and 8 ₄ which are two shaded panel groups. The three parallel states are shown.

In this embodiment, since the relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ are switched based on the current flowing through the _third and fourth panel groups 8 ₃ and 8 ₄ , the relay device includes the third and fourth panel groups 8 ₃ and 8 ₃ . 8 ₄ 3 corresponding to the fourth coil 11 _3, only 11 _4, are wound on a common core (iron core), the first, second coil 11 _1, 11 ₂ are wound The relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ are switched by the magnetic attractive force based on the superposition of magnetic fluxes caused by the currents flowing through the third and fourth coils 11 ₃ and 11 ₄ , and the _second to fourth panel groups 8 ₂ to 8 are switched. 84 The connection state of ₄ is switched. Therefore, the third and fourth coils 11 ₃ and 11 ₄ are connected so that a reverse current flows.

In this embodiment, the relay device according to the present invention having the third and fourth coils 11 ₃ and 11 ₄ and the relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ is provided, and the regulation for restricting the relay device from operating undesirably. A conventional relay 28 is provided as a means.

The relay 28 has a coil 26 and a contact 27, in this embodiment, the negative electrode side of the fourth panel group 8 ₄ are connected in series.

The fourth coil 11 ₄ of the relay device is connected in parallel to the a contact 27 of the relay 28, and the third coil 11 ₃ is inserted on the negative electrode side of the third panel group 8 ₃ .

Figure 19 shows a state in which the relay device is restored, a contact 27 of the relay 28 is off, the first panel group 8 _1, parallel connected three second to fourth panel group 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ are connected in series (three parallel states).

In this return state, when the sun rises and the solar cell array 2 is irradiated with sunlight, the panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ start generating power, and the current flowing through the coil 26 of the relay 28 is, for example, 5A. Then, the contact a 27 is turned on, and the connection of the fourth coil 11 ₄ is switched from series to parallel, and the current difference flowing between the third coil 11 ₃ and the fourth coil 11 ₄ becomes large. When the threshold current exceeds 2A, for example, the relay device operates to switch the relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ , and as shown in FIG. 20, the first and third panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ connected in series The second and fourth panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ connected in series are connected in parallel (two-series and two-parallel state), and power generation is continued in this operation state.

Past the noon, the shadow of a substantially triangular, begin consuming the solar cell array 2, first, when Yin is applied to the fourth panel group 8 _4, becomes small current flowing through the coil 26 of the relay 28, a relay 28 The contact 27 is turned off.

be a contact point 27 is turned off, the third panel group 8 _3, yet so shade is not applied, a current flowing through the third coil 11 ₃ of the third panel group 8 _3, the fourth panel unit 8 ₄ Since the current difference from the current flowing through the fourth coil 11 ₄ remains large, the first and third panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ connected in series and the second and fourth panels connected in series shown in FIG. The groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ continue to generate electricity while operating in parallel (two-series and two-parallel state).

When the third panel group 8 ₃ is also shaded, the current flowing through the third coil 11 ₃ also decreases, and the current difference between the current flowing through the third coil 11 ₃ and the current flowing through the fourth coil 11 ₄ also increases. When smaller below the return current, the relay device, the relay contact 12 ₁ to 12 ₃ is switched to return and returns to the return state of FIG. 19 (3 parallel state).

Thus, in the state in which took shade S1 of substantially triangular, the second to fourth panel group 8 _{2-8 4} currents in parallel connected shade, substantially in the first panel 8 ₁ of the current group in Hinata An approximate current can be obtained, and a decrease in output can be suppressed.

In this embodiment, the relay 28 is not shaded in the _third and fourth panel groups 8 ₃ and 8 ₄ in the operation state of the relay device shown in FIG. That is, in spite of being in a sunny state, the relay device undesirably returns, and three second to fourth panel groups 8 ₂ connected in parallel to the first panel group 8 ₁ . 8 _4, is to regulate so as not return to a state of being connected in series (3 parallel state).

That is, the Hyuga third panel group 8 ₃ and the Hyuga fourth panel group 8 ₄ both generate power, and a large current of about 10 A flows through each of the panel groups 8 ₃ and 8 ₄ , for example. This is because even if the current difference between the currents flowing through the third and fourth coils 11 ₃ and 11 ₄ corresponding to the panel groups 8 ₃ and 8 ₄ becomes small, the return operation is not performed.

If Without relay 28, a third panel group 8 ₃ no shade depends on the fourth panel group 8 _4, despite the large power generation current is flowing, if the current difference is small, the return operation However, since the a contact 27 of the relay 28 is turned on, the difference in current flowing through the third coil 11 ₃ and the fourth coil 11 ₄ becomes large, so that the return state can be achieved in an unshaded state. Returning to (three parallel states) can be restricted.

Incidentally, as another embodiment, it may be utilized a current flowing in place of the fourth panel unit 8 ₄ to the second panel group 8 _2.

(Embodiment 5)
In the first, third, and fourth embodiments, three _second to _fourth panel groups 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ connected in parallel to the first panel group 8 ₁ are connected in series with the relay device 10 in the return state. In the operation state of the relay device 10, the first and third panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ connected in series and the second and fourth panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ connected in series are connected. Although connected in parallel (two series and two parallel), as another embodiment of the present invention, the first and third panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ connected in series in the return state of the relay device 10 are connected in series. The connected second and fourth panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ are connected in parallel (2 series and 2 parallel), and are connected in parallel to the first panel group 8 _{1 in} the operating state of the relay device 10. The three _second to fourth panel groups 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ may be connected in series (3 in parallel).

FIG. 21 is a configuration diagram of the embodiment in which the connection states of the panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ in the return state and the operation state of the relay device are reversed from those of the _first, third, and _fourth embodiments. Is an embodiment in which the monitor cells 9 _{1 to} 94 are not used as in the third and _fourth embodiments.

In this embodiment, the relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ of the relay device are arranged by paying attention to the current flowing through the series-connected solar cell groups constituting the panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ and the bypass diodes in parallel therewith. It is to switch.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 22, a single solar battery panel 7 includes a bypass diode 22 in parallel for each series of solar battery cells 21 (hereinafter referred to as “clusters”) 21 in which a plurality of solar battery cells 23 are connected in series. Are connected to each other.

In FIG. 21, for convenience of explanation, the first to fourth panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ are each a first to fourth panel 8 showing a single solar cell panel composed of a plurality of clusters 21 connected in series. _{1-8 4} and then, also, a plurality of bypass diodes 22 are connected in parallel to each cluster 21, are representatively shown as one the first to fourth bypass diode 22 _{1-22 4} respectively.

In this embodiment, similar to the first, third, and fourth embodiments, the second to fourth panels 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ are shaded with a substantially triangular shape S1, and the relay device shown in FIG. in the state (2 serial two-parallel state), the first being connected in series, when the shade is applied to the third panel 8 _1, 8 third panel 8 _{3 3,} third panel 8 ₃ by bus diode 22 _3, by utilizing the fact that the current flowing in a plurality of clusters constituting the first panel 8 ₁ Hinata, current difference between the currents passing through the plurality of clusters that constitute the third panel 8 ₃ flows, relay device The relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ are switched.

Therefore, in this embodiment, for example, the first panel 8 ₁ of the positive electrode side and to the positive electrode side of the third panel 8 _3, the first relay device, the third coil 11 _1, 11 ₃ are inserted. Specifically, the first coil 11 ₁ is connected between the positive electrode side of the plurality of clusters constituting the first panel 8 ₁ and the connection point between the positive electrode side and the cathode side of the first bypass diode 22 _1. It is a positive electrode side of the plurality of clusters that constitute the third panel 8 _3, between the connection point between the positive electrode side and the cathode side of the third bypass diode 22 _3, the third coil 11 ₃ are connected. In this case, the first and third coils 11 ₁ and 11 ₃ are connected so that currents in opposite directions flow.

Further, the three relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ of the relay device are connected to the first and third panels 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ connected in series and the second and second connected in series in the return state shown in FIG. The four panels 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ are connected to each of the panels 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ so as to be connected in parallel, that is, in two series and two in parallel.

In the relay device of this embodiment, only the first and third coils 11 ₁ and 11 ₃ are wound around a common core (iron core), and the second and fourth coils 11 ₂ and 11 ₄ are The relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ are switched by the magnetic attraction force based on the superposition of magnetic fluxes by the currents flowing through the _first and third coils 11 ₁ and 11 ₃ without being wound, and the second to fourth panels. The connection state of 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ is switched.

Here, the first being connected in series, when the shade is applied to the third panel 8 _1, 8 third panel 8 _{3 3,} the third panel 8 ₃ by bus diodes 22 _3, the first panel 8 ₁ the current flowing in a plurality of clusters constituting a will be described that the current difference between the currents flowing through the plurality of clusters that constitute the third panel 8 ₃ flows.

In the first panel 8 ₁ Hinata state, the shade according to the third panel 8 _3, the current-voltage characteristic of the entire series-connected panels, as shown in FIG. 23 (a), a step-like. Therefore, the power voltage characteristic is a two-crested characteristic as shown in FIG. These characteristics indicate the characteristics of the plurality of clusters constituting each panel 8 ₁ , 8 ₃ and the bypass diodes 22 ₁ , 22 ₃ in parallel therewith, and a and b have maximum power, “a” indicates the maximum operating point, and I ₁ and I ₃ indicate currents corresponding to the panels 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ , respectively.

23 (a) is a current-voltage characteristic of the first panel 8 ₁ Hinata, a current-voltage characteristic of the entire panel combination of the current-voltage characteristic of the third panel 8 ₃ shade, as shown in FIG. 24 The current-voltage characteristics of the panels 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ can be broken down.

That is, FIG. 24 (a) is the same as FIG. 23 (a) and shows the current-voltage characteristics of the entire panel. 1 and current-voltage characteristics of the panel _81, is decomposed into a current-voltage characteristic of the third panel 8 ₃ shade, the characteristic shown in FIG. 24 (b) and FIG. 24 (c).

Then, the current-voltage characteristic of the third panel 8 ₃ shade shown in FIG. 24 (c), as shown in FIG. 25, the current-voltage characteristics of a plurality of clusters constituting the third panel 8 _3, a plurality of clusters it can be decomposed into the current-voltage characteristics of the parallel-by bus diode 22 ₃ in.

That is, FIG. 25 (a) be the same as FIG. 24 (c), the shows the current-voltage characteristic of the third panel 8 ₃ shade, the current-voltage characteristic, align the voltage value, a plurality of cluster current voltage and (is-V) characteristics, when decomposed into the current-voltage (I _D -V) characteristics of the bi-bus diode 22 ₃ connected in parallel to a plurality of clusters, Figure 25 (b) and 25 The characteristics shown in (c) are obtained.

As shown in FIG. 25 (b), the the operating point a, the plurality of clusters that constitute the third panel 8 _3, the current I ₃ flows, as shown in FIG. 25 (c), the third bypass the diode 22 _3, no current flows, the operating point b, as shown in FIG. 25 (b), the plurality of clusters that constitute the third panel 8 _3, the current I ₃ flows, Figure 25 ( as shown in c), the third bypass diode 22 _3, current (I ₁ -I _3), i.e., the current I ₁ flowing through the first panel 8 of _the plurality of clusters, a plurality of third panel 8 ₃ A current different from the current I ₃ flowing in the cluster flows.

Usually, power conditioner 5, the maximum power point tracking control, it is possible to an operating point b, and a plurality of clusters and the third bypass diode 22 ₃ of the third panel 8 ₃ took the shade, the total current flows to equal the current flowing through the plurality of clusters constituting the first panel 8 ₁ Hinata. Even at the operating point a, the operating point b can be set by periodically moving the operating point by the power conditioner 5.

A plurality of clusters thus configuring the third panel 8 ₃ took the shade, the third bypass diode 22 _3, and the currents passing through the plurality of clusters to which the total current constitutes a first panel 8 ₁ Hinata Each current flows to be equal.

Therefore, in the return state of the relay device shown in FIG. 21 (two-two-two-parallel state), the _second to _fourth panels 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ are shaded in a substantially triangular shape, that is, the third panel 8 _3. When Yin S1 is according to a first coil 11 ₁ of the first panel 8 ₁ of the positive electrode side, the current flowing to the third coil 11 ₃ of the third panel 8 ₃ on the positive electrode side, current difference occurs, the threshold value beyond current, relay contact 12 ₁ to 12 ₃ is switched relay apparatus is operated, as shown in FIG. 26, the first panel 8 _1, three second to connected in parallel fourth panel 8 _{2-8 4} are connected in series.

In the operating state of the relay device shown in FIG. 26 (3 parallel state), the plurality of clusters constituting the second to fourth panel 8 _{2-8 4,} respectively, through the first panel 8 ₁ cluster results in the current of 1/3 of the current flows, the third bypass diode 22 of the _third panel 8 _3, although no current flows, the first coil 11 ₁ and the first panel 8 ₁ on the positive electrode side In the current flowing through the third coil 11 ₃ on the positive electrode side of the third panel 8 ₃ , a current difference corresponding to sunlight is generated, and the operation state (three parallel states) is continued.

  Next, the return operation from the operation state of the relay device will be described.

From the operation state of FIG. 26 (three parallel states) where the first panel 8 ₁ is sunny and the _second to fourth panels 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ are shaded by a triangle S1 and the relay device operates, the third panel 8 ₃ When is the sun, as shown in FIG. 27, the third panel 8 _third current, that is, the current of the third coil 11 ₃ increases, parallel connected three second to fourth panel 8 ₂ 8 ₄ total current of, even beyond the current flowing through the plurality of clusters that constitute ₁ a first panel 8, the current in the first bypass diode 22 ₁ parallel to the first panel 8 ₁ flows, first a current flowing through the first coil 11 ₁ of the panel _81, and the current flowing through the third coil 11 ₃ of the third panel 8 _3, the current difference is reduced substantially equal. As a result, the relay device is restored below the return current, and the first and third panels 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ connected in series and the second and fourth panels 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ connected in series are connected in parallel. Returning to the state shown in FIG.

In this embodiment, it is necessary to take out currents flowing through a plurality of clusters constituting the first and third panels 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ and to flow them through the first and third coils 11 ₁ and 11 ₃ of the relay device.

Figure 28 includes a plurality of clusters 21 of each panel _81, 82 _3, respectively, a first, shows an example of the third coil 11 _1, 11 ₃ of the connection of the relay device, third panel 8 ₃ , although the simplified illustration, a first panel ₈₁ and the same configuration.

In FIG. 28, as in FIG. 22, each panel 8 ₁ , 8 ₃ includes three clusters 21 and three corresponding bypass diodes 22 in parallel with each cluster 21. In 26 and 27, the plurality of clusters 21 are simply shown as first and third panels 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ , and the plurality of bypass diodes 22 are shown as _one bypass diode 22 ₁ and 22 ₃ .

  In FIG. 28, connection terminals T17 and T18 for coil connection are provided for one of the three clusters 21. In this example, the connection terminals T <b> 17 and T <b> 18 are provided between the negative electrode side of the cluster 21 and the anode side of the bypass diode 21. When one of the clusters 21 is shaded, it is preferable that the first cluster 21 is shaded among the three clusters.

The first and third panels 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ and the first and third coils 11 ₁ and 11 ₃ of the relay device 10 are connected so that the flowing currents are in opposite directions.

  Next, the operation | movement according to the change of the daylight state of this day of this embodiment is demonstrated.

First, in the state where the early morning sunlight is not irradiated to the solar cell array 2, the relay device 10 is in the return state shown in FIG. 21, that is, the first and fourth panels 8 ₁ and 8 ₄ connected in series. The second and third panels 8 ₂ and 8 ₃ connected in series are in a state of being connected in parallel (a state of 2 series and 2 parallel).

When the sun rises and the solar cell array 2 is irradiated with sunlight, even if each of the panels 8 ₁ to 8 ₄ starts power generation, the current flowing through the first coil 11 ₁ of the relay device 10 and the third coil 11 ₃ is equal to the current flowing through ₃ , and since there is no current difference, the threshold current is not exceeded and the return state is maintained.

After noon, the shade of the building is applied to the solar cell array 2. As shown in FIG. 21, when the shade S1 having a substantially triangular shape is applied, the _second to _fourth panels 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ with the shade S1 are applied. generated current is reduced, at the same time, as of the current flows through the third panel 8 ₃ 3 by bus diodes 22 _3, configuring the current flowing in the cluster constituting ₁ a first panel 8, the third panel 8 ₃ The current difference from the current flowing through the cluster is increased. As a result, beyond a threshold current, the relay device 10 is operated, three sets of each c-contact 12 ₁ C～12 ₃ c of the relay contacts 12 ₁ to 12 _3, each a-contact 12 ₁ A～12 ₃ a side 26, that is, a state in which the _second to _fourth panels 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ in the shade are connected in parallel and connected in series with the first panel 8 _{1 in} the sun ( 3 in a parallel state), and it is possible to suppress a decrease in output compared to a state in which the first and third panels 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ and the second and fourth panels 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ are respectively connected in series. It becomes possible.

Thereafter, when the third panel 8 ₃ becomes sunny, as shown in FIG. 27, the current of the third coil 11 ₃ on the positive electrode side of the third panel 8 ₃ increases, and the second to fourth panels 8 connected in parallel. _{2-8 4} total current of, even beyond the current flowing through the cluster constituting ₁ a first panel 8, flows through the parallel first bypass diode 22 ₁ to the first panel 8 _1, first panel 8 ₁ a first current flowing through the coil 11 ₁ of the positive electrode side of a current flowing through the third coil 11 ₃ of the third panel 8 ₃ of the positive electrode side, the current difference is eliminated equal. As a result, the relay device 10 returns to below the return current, and the first and third panels 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ connected in series, and the second and fourth panels 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ connected in series, The state returns to the state of FIG. 21 connected in parallel (a state of 2 in 2 parallel).

Incidentally, without the third panel 8 ₃ comprised in the sun from the state of FIG. 26, day also eliminates the sunshine all panels 8 _{1-8 4} sunk, the first coil 11 of the first panel 8 ₁ on the positive electrode side ₁ the current flowing in a current flowing through the third coil 11 ₃ of the third panel 8 ₃ positive electrode side, return is equal to the state of FIG. 21.

As described above, according to this embodiment, when the solar cell array 2 is shaded S1 by a building or the like, the _second to _fourth panels 8 ₂ to 8 ₄ that are shaded are arranged in parallel as shown in FIG. Are connected in series with the first panel 8 _{1 in} the sun, so the first, third panels 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ and the second and fourth panels 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ are connected in series respectively. Compared to the state, it is possible to suppress a decrease in output.

Moreover, as in the above embodiment 1, apart from the solar cell panel 8 _{1-8 4,} without requiring a monitor cell 9 _to 93 ₄ to monitor the sunshine state, becomes unnecessary that troublesome connecting work such as reducing the cost can do.

  In this embodiment, only the current flowing in one of the plurality of clusters constituting each panel is used. However, the number of coils in the relay device is increased to use the current flowing in the plurality of clusters. May be.

Further, in this embodiment, although described is applied to the first to fourth panels 8 _{1-8 4} consisting of one solar panel, the solar panel unit in which a plurality of solar panels, which are connected in series It can also be applied. In this case, the number of coils and the number of contacts of the relay device may be increased, or the number of relay devices themselves may be increased.

In this embodiment, the first and third coils 11 ₁ and 11 ₃ of the relay device are connected to the first and third panels 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ to flow through a plurality of clusters constituting the first panel 8 _1. and current based on the current flowing in the plurality of clusters that constitute the third panel 8 _3, but switching the relay contact 12 ₁ to 12 _3, parallel to a plurality of clusters constituting each panel 8 _1, 8 ₃ The relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ may be switched based on the current flowing through the first and third bypass diodes 22 ₁ and 22 ₃ .

FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a configuration for switching the relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ based on the currents flowing through the _first and third bypass diodes 22 ₁ and 22 ₃ , and corresponds to FIG. 21 described above.

In this example, a conventional latching relay is used without using the relay device of each of the above embodiments. The latching relay includes a set coil 24 _S and a reset coil 24 _R , and relay contacts 12 ₁ to 12. 12 ₃ and the connection of the relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ is the same as that of the embodiment of FIG.

In this example, while connecting the set coil 24 _S of the latching relay to a third cathode side by bus diodes 22 _3, connecting the reset coil 24 _R to the first by the cathode side of the bus diode 22 _1.

In return state of the latching relay shown in FIG. 29 (2 serial two-parallel state), the second to fourth panel 8 _{2-8 4,} Yin S1 is exerted on the substantially triangular, i.e., the third panel 8 ₃ When the shadow S1 is applied, as described above, the current flowing in the plurality of clusters constituting the first panel 8 ₁ of the sun and the plurality of the third panel 8 ₃ are supplied to the bypass diode 22 ₃ of the third panel 8 _3. flows through the difference of the current the current flowing through the cluster of, current flows through the set coil 24 _S of the latching relay, the relay contacts 12 ₁ to 12 ₃ is switched latching relay is operated, as shown in FIG. 30, the for one panel _81, it switched to the 3 parallel state of the three second through connected in parallel fourth panel 8 _{2-8 4} are connected in series.

In the operation state shown in FIG. 30, the plurality of clusters constituting the second to fourth panel 8 _{2-8 4,} respectively, a current of 1/3 of the current flowing through the first panel 8 ₁ cluster It will flow to the third bypass diode 22 of the _third panel 8 _3, although no current flows, unlike the relay device, the latching relay comprising a semi-hard magnetic material, the operation state is held.

  Next, the return operation from the operating state of the latching relay will be described.

In the first panel 8 ₁ Hinata, second to hanging shade S1 of triangles in the fourth panel 8 _{2-8 4,} from the state of FIG. 30 that latching relay is activated, the third panel 8 ₃ becomes Hinata, as shown in FIG. 31, the current of the third panel 8 ₃ is increased, the total current of the second to fourth panel 8 _{2-8 4} which are connected in parallel, a plurality of clusters that constitute ₁ a first panel 8 exceeds the current through, the current flows through the first bypass diode 22 ₁ parallel to the first panel 8 _1, current flows through the reset coil 24 _R of the latching relay, the relay contacts 12 ₁ to latching relay is restored 12 ₃ is switched, as shown in FIG. 29, the first in series connected, and the third panel 8 _1, 8 _3, the second, and the fourth panel _82, 8 ₄ connected in series, in parallel Return to the connected state (two-two-two parallel state).

In this example, the currents flowing in the _first and third bypass diodes 22 ₁ and 22 ₃ parallel to the plurality of clusters constituting the first and third panels 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ are taken out and the coils 24 _S and 24 _{L of the} latching relay are extracted. it is necessary to flow to 24 _R.

FIG. 32 is a diagram showing a connection example of the plurality of clusters 21 constituting the panels 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ and the coils 24 _S and 24 _R of the latching relay 25, and the third panel 8 ₃ is illustrated. it is simplified, but the first panel 8 ₁ and the same configuration.

  In FIG. 32, connection terminals T19 and T20 for coil connection are provided on the anode side of one of the three bypass diodes 22. When three clusters 21 are shaded, it is preferable that one of the bypass diodes 22 has a corresponding cluster 21 which is the first shaded cluster 21 among the three clusters 21.

The first panel 8 ₁ connection terminals T19, T20 is connected to the reset coil 24 _R of the latching relay 25, the third panel 8 _third connection terminals T19, T20 are connected to the set coil 24 _S of the latching relay 25 .

(Embodiment 6)
The present invention is not limited to a plurality of solar battery panel groups, and can be similarly applied to a plurality of solar battery cell groups in which a plurality of solar battery cells are respectively connected in series.

For example, Figure 33, which shows an example of application to the first through fourth solar cell groups (first to fourth cell group) 20 ₁ to 20 _4, FIG. 33, corresponding to the above-described embodiments 1 It is a figure corresponding to above-mentioned Fig.11 (a), and the same referential mark is attached | subjected to a corresponding part.

Each of the solar cell groups 20 _{1 to} 20 ₄ of the solar cell panels 7 ₁ and 7 ₂ is configured by connecting a plurality of solar cells in series, and the first to fourth panel groups 8 ₁ to 8 of the _first embodiment. 8 corresponds to ₄ respectively.

In the vicinity of each of the solar cell groups 20 _{1 to} 20 ₄ , monitor cells (not shown) are arranged, each monitor cell is connected to each relay coil of the relay device, and the relay device operates as in the first embodiment. Then, the relay contacts 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ are switched in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

(Embodiment 7)
In each of the above embodiments, the two parallel connections of the first and third panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ and the second and fourth panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ are switched. Three or more parallel connections may be switched.

FIG. 34 shows three parallel connections of first and third panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ , second and fourth panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 _4, and fifth and sixth panel groups 8 ₅ and 8 _6. FIG. 11 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 11A of the first embodiment, and corresponding portions are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In this example, two relay devices 10 are used, and one of the two relay devices 10 has the first and third panel groups 8 ₁ , 8 ₃ as in the first embodiment. And the second and fourth panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ are switched. In the other relay device 10, the first and third panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ and the fifth and sixth panel groups 8 ₂ are switched. , 84 Change the connection with ₄ .

In order to connect to the _first to fourth coils 11 _{1 to} 11 ₄ of the other relay device 10, monitor cells are added to the first and third panel groups 8 ₁ and 8 ₃ , and the fifth and sixth panel groups. Similarly to the second and fourth panel groups 8 ₂ and 8 ₄ , the monitor cells 8 ₅ and 8 ₆ are provided. Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

(Other embodiments)
In the solar power generation system according to the present invention, not only a single relay device but also a solar power generation system may be configured using a plurality of relay devices.

  Moreover, in the above-mentioned embodiment, although the relay apparatus 10 was arrange | positioned in the wiring switching box 3, as another embodiment of this invention, the relay apparatus 10 may be integrated in the solar cell array 2 side, or You may arrange | position in the connection box 4. FIG.

In the embodiment described above, each coil 11 ₁ to 11 ₄ of the winding direction of the same city of the relay device 10, by a connection of the first to fourth monitor cell 9 _to 93 ₄ and the like, but with different orientation of the current, As another embodiment of the present invention, for example, only the first coil 11 ₁ of the relay device 10 is different in winding direction from the _second to _fourth coils 11 _{2 to} 11 _4, and the first to fourth monitor cells 9 _{1 to} 9 are used. The connection with ₄ may be the same.

In each of the above-described embodiments, the number of turns of each of the coils 11 _{1 to} 11 ₄ of the relay device 10 is the same. However, as another embodiment of the present invention, the number of turns of the first coil 11 ₁ and the second number The number of turns of the fourth coils 11 _{2 to} 11 ₄ may be different. By this way different number of turns of the coil, it is possible to adjust the timing of operation of the relay device 10, for example, depending on various factors such as the position of the shade of gray or monitor cell 9 _to 93 ₄ The relay device 10 can be operated at a timing that maximizes the amount of power generation. For example, the number of turns of the first coil 11 ₁ is increased in comparison with the number of turns of the _second to fourth coils 11 _{2 to} 11 _4. In other words, a relay device that maximizes the amount of power generation may be used by observing the operation timing.

  The present invention is useful for a photovoltaic power generation system and the like.

1 photovoltaic power system 2 solar array 3 line switching box 4 connecting box 8 _{1-8 4} first to fourth panel group 9 ₁ to 9 ₄ first through fourth monitor cell 10 relay apparatus 11 ₁ to 11 ₄ first to 4th coil 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ relay contact 13 _{1 to} 13 ₂ backflow prevention diode 20 _{1 to} 20 ₄ 1st to 4th cell group 21 cluster 22 bypass diode 22 _{1 to} 22 ₄ 1st to 4th bypass diode 25 latching relay 26 Coil 27 A Contact 28 Relay

Claims (15)

A relay device comprising a plurality of relay coils wound around a common core and a plurality of relay contacts,
At least one relay coil of the plurality of relay coils has either a coil winding direction or a current flowing direction opposite to the other relay coils.
A relay device characterized by that. The number of turns of the at least one relay coil is different from the number of turns of the other relay coil.
The relay device according to claim 1. A plurality of solar battery cells or solar battery panel groups formed by connecting a plurality of solar battery cells or solar battery panels in series, and a relay device for switching the connection state of the plurality of solar battery cell groups or solar battery panel groups. ,
The relay device is wound around a common core, and a plurality of relay coils through which currents according to the sunshine state of the plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups flow, and the plurality of solar cell groups or With a plurality of relay contacts that switch the connection state of the solar cell panel group,
At least one relay coil of the plurality of relay coils has either a coil winding direction or a direction in which the current flows in a direction opposite to the other relay coils.
A solar power generation system characterized by that. Each solar cell group of the plurality of solar cell groups constitutes one solar battery panel,
The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 3. The current flowing through the plurality of relay coils is a generated current corresponding to each of the plurality of solar battery cell groups or each of the solar battery panel groups.
The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 3 or 4. The currents flowing through the plurality of relay coils are arranged in the vicinity of the plurality of solar cell groups or the solar cell panel groups, respectively, and are in a sunshine state of the plurality of solar cell groups or the solar cell panel groups. It is the generated current of a plurality of monitoring solar cells that respectively generate power according
The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 5. The currents flowing through the plurality of relay coils are respectively arranged in the solar cell panels that constitute the plurality of solar cell panel groups, respectively, and perform power generation according to the sunshine state of the plurality of solar cell panel groups, respectively. The generated current of a plurality of monitoring solar cells,
The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 5. In the at least one relay coil, a current according to the sunshine state of the solar cell group or solar panel group that becomes the sun (or shade) out of the plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups, In the other relay coil, a current corresponding to the sunshine state of the solar cell group or solar panel group that is shaded (or sunshine) flows,
The solar power generation system according to any one of claims 3 to 7. The current flowing through the plurality of relay coils is a power generation current of each of the plurality of solar battery cell groups or each solar battery panel group,
The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 5. The plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups have at least two solar cell groups or solar panel groups that are shaded,
In the at least one relay coil, a power generation current of one solar cell group or solar panel group of the at least two solar cell groups or solar panel group that is shaded flows,
In the other relay coil, the generated current of the other solar cell group or solar panel group of the at least two solar cell groups or solar panel group that is shaded flows,
The at least two solar cell groups or solar panel groups are provided with a regulating means for regulating the operation of the relay device in a state where it is not shaded.
The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 9. The solar cell group or the solar cell panel group includes a plurality of clusters in which a plurality of solar cells are connected in series, and a plurality of bypass diodes connected in parallel to each cluster corresponding to each cluster. ,
The current flowing through the plurality of relay coils is a current that flows only through the cluster without flowing through the bypass diode corresponding to the cluster.
The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 9. At least one solar battery panel among the plurality of solar battery panels constituting the solar battery panel group, with respect to a plurality of solar battery cells connected in series constituting at least one cluster of the plurality of clusters, Having a connection terminal for connecting the relay coil in series;
The solar power generation system according to claim 11. In the at least one relay coil, a current flowing through the cluster of solar cell groups or solar panel groups that become the sun (or shade) among the plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups flows, In the other relay coil, a current flowing through the cluster of the solar cell group or solar panel group that is shaded (or sunshine) flows,
The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 11 or 12. The plurality of relay contacts switch the connection of the solar cell group or solar panel group that is shaded among the plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups to either serial connection or parallel connection.
The solar power generation system according to claim 8, 10 or 13. The plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups are connected in parallel with a plurality of solar cell groups or solar panel groups connected in series,
The plurality of relay contacts replace a plurality of shaded solar cell groups or solar panel groups belonging to different sets so as to be the same set,
The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 8 or 9.