JPH09163818A - Simultaneous germination treatment of gel-coated seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for the simultaneous germination treatment of gel-coated seeds, enabling to sow the gel-coated seeds in the optimal weather time, achieve the highest germination rate, and improve the yield and work efficiency by subjecting the gel-coated seeds to a low temperature treatment in a period between the formation of the gel coat layers on the seeds and the sowing of the gel-coated seeds. SOLUTION: In a period between the formation of the gel coat layers of an alginate salt, etc., on the seeds of tomato, eggplant, etc., and the sowing of the gel-coated seeds, the gel coated seeds are subjected to a low temperature treatment at a temperature lower than the lowest germination temperature of the coated plant seeds and higher than temperatures giving low temperature damages to the coated seeds. The gel-coated seeds are preferably stored and preserved at a low temperature until sowed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for simultaneous germination treatment of gel-coated seeds.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A technique for encapsulating plant seeds in an aqueous organic gel microcapsule, that is, a seed gel coating technique, the germination rate is improved by the water content in the coating gel layer,
Further, mechanical seeding is possible even with minute seeds or non-spherical seeds which were not suitable for conventional mechanical seeding, or
Addition of various chemicals and fertilizers to the coating gel layer has remarkable effects such as improvement in the growth or yield of crops, and thus it has been used in recent years.

Regarding the crops such as tomato, eggplant, and cucumber cultivated mainly in institutional horticulture, 100% of the seedlings and ears are introduced by the new technologies such as cell molding seedlings and grafts introduced in recent years. It is absolutely necessary to have uniform growth of trees and rootstocks, and therefore simultaneous germination is required.

In addition, even leafy vegetables such as spinach are required to germinate all at once so that crops sown at the same time can be harvested at the same time. But,
At present, there is no simultaneous germination method that can be applied to gel-coated seeds, and the demands of these consumers cannot be satisfied.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for simultaneous germination of gel-coated seeds which can be easily carried out.

[0006]

The method for simultaneous germination of gel-coated seeds according to the present invention has a constitution in which a low-temperature treatment is carried out during the period from the formation of the coated gel layer to the sowing of the gel-coated seeds, as described in claim 1.

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Here, if the temperature of the above treatment is lower than 0 ° C., water in the coating gel layer of the gel-coated seed may freeze, or the seed temperature may cause a seed disorder. However, this is not the case when the components of the coating gel layer are adjusted to prevent freezing, or when low-temperature treatment is carried out after it is confirmed in advance that such an obstacle does not occur.

On the other hand, if the treatment temperature is higher than the minimum germination temperature of the seeds to be encapsulated, the seeds will germinate during the low temperature treatment, and they will protrude (buds or roots will grow out of the coating gel layer), Mechanical seeding may not be possible and should be investigated in advance. The minimum germination temperature of seeds is known in the Agricultural and Horticultural Encyclopedia, and is, for example, 11 ° C for tomatoes and 5 ° C for spinach.

As for the period for carrying out the simultaneous germination method according to the present invention, in fruit vegetables such as tomatoes, eggplants and cucumbers, at a relatively high temperature close to the minimum germination temperature of these seeds for a relatively long period (7- 14 days) is desirable. However, even if it is less than the minimum germination temperature, it may germinate when subjected to a long-term treatment, and as a result, it becomes impossible to mechanically sow those germinated buds and roots protruding from the coating gel layer, Test beforehand to determine an appropriate treatment period.

When some seeds are projected as described above, if only these protruding seeds are selected and removed,
Other seeds that have germinated but not protruding can be sown by a sowing machine, but it takes time to sort, and the seed cost and raw materials are wasted, resulting in high costs. The work is not practical. In addition,
When treating fruits and vegetables at a low temperature near 0 ° C,
Shorten the processing time because low temperature damage is likely to occur.

On the other hand, spinach, lettuce, carrot,
For beets, etc., the effect can be obtained by treating for a few days at a temperature higher than the minimum germination temperature,
If the treatment is carried out at a low temperature near 0 ° C. (or about −3 ° C.), the effect is increased, and even if the treatment period is lengthened, no trouble occurs, so that a long-term storage effect can also be provided. That is, if a large amount of gel-coated seeds were prepared in advance and subjected to low-temperature treatment, and then this low-temperature treatment was stopped according to the weather or the sowing plan and the seeds were immediately sown, an excellent simultaneous germination effect was obtained. The work efficiency can be improved at the same time.

The simultaneous germination treatment method of the present invention can be applied to many plants, but is not suitable for the plants to be extracted by being exposed to low temperature during a relatively short period after germination. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a preliminary study on plants that may be extracted by the low-temperature treatment method, and to carry out based on the results. When performing oxygen enrichment treatment with hydrogen peroxide solution or the like, it is desirable to perform after the above-mentioned simultaneous germination treatment, but when performing the simultaneous germination treatment for a relatively short period of time,
It is also possible to carry out oxygen enrichment before that.

Further, in order to prevent the loss of water from the coating gel layer of the gel-coated seed during the low temperature treatment in the simultaneous germination treatment according to the present invention, it is carried out under moist conditions,
Alternatively, it is desirable to put it in a closed container to prevent evaporation of water. Such consideration is necessary especially when performing a long-term treatment. It should be noted that when water is lost from the coating gel layer, it becomes hard, but since this phenomenon is particularly remarkable in the outer layer of the coating gel layer, it becomes difficult to project from the coating gel layer even when the plant seeds to be encapsulated germinate. As a result, the protrusion rate and the emergence rate are reduced.

In the present invention, the gel-coated seed is formed by a known method. For example, it has a function of forming a droplet of an aqueous gel-forming aqueous solution for seed coating on the tip of a thin tube, adding a seed into the droplet using a thin tube, and then making the gel droplet insoluble in water. It can be prepared by dropping in a solution containing metal ions.

[0015]

【Example】

<< Example 1: Results of investigation using gel-coated tomato seeds >> Gel-coated seeds were produced using tomato seeds as belonging to fruit and vegetables. Tomato seeds were introduced into a 3 wt% sodium alginate aqueous solution drop using a glass tube having an outer diameter of 8 mm and an inner diameter of 6 mm, and the drop was dropped into a 10 wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution, and then contacted with the calcium chloride aqueous solution for 40 seconds. Then, it was insolubilized in water to prepare spherical gel-coated seeds (diameter of coated gel layer: 10 mm, weight: 0.52 g, water content: 96.5% by weight).

Regarding the above gel-coated tomato seeds, -5
C., 0.degree. C., 5.degree. C., 10.degree. C., and 15.degree. C. for comparison, for 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days, respectively. At this time, in order to prevent the water content from being lost from the coated gel layer during the low temperature treatment, both were placed in a closed container. Then, 400 gel-coated seeds were sown on a filter paper laid in four petri dishes, 100 seeds each, and then the germination rate was examined when the seeds were placed in the dark at 25 ° C. The germination rate of untreated gel-coated seeds was also examined. These results are also shown in Table 1.
Shown in

[0017]

[Table 1] ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Test area Germination rate (%) 2 days after sowing 4 after sowing 6 days after sowing ────────────────────────────────-5 ℃ Treatment 1 day 0 12.5 36.5 7 days 0 0 14 days 0 0 0 ──────────────────────────────── 0 ° C treatment zone 1 day 51. 5 95.5 96.0 7 days 15.5 94.5 95.5 14 days 0 85.0 89.5 ──────────────────────── ───────── 5 ° C treatment area 1 day 71.0 96.5 98.0 7 days 48.5 92.5 93.0 14 days 80.5 96.0 97.0 ──── ──────────────────────────── 10 ° C treatment area 1 day 76.5 96.0 97.5 7 days 85.5 94.5 96.0 14 days 90.5 97.0 97.0 ────────────── ─────────────────── 15 ° C treatment area 1 day 74.5 95.5 95.5 7 days −−−− −−−−−−−− 14 days −−−−−−−−−−−− ──────────────────────────────── Untreated area −−− -21.0 85.0 90.0 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

In Table 1, it is considered that the low germination rate in the -5.degree. In the 0 ° C, 5 ° C, and 10 ° C treatment groups treated at temperatures above the freezing point and below the minimum germination temperature of tomatoes (11 ° C), a germination promoting effect can be obtained and good germination uniformity can be obtained as a result. I understand. In the case of tomato seeds, treatment at a temperature close to the minimum germination temperature gives a high effect. In the case of treatment at 10 ° C. for 14 days, some seeds germinated at the time of sowing. However, since the seeds and roots of these seeds were both in the coating gel layer and protected by this, germination did not occur. It was in a state in which it could be sown by a seeding machine like seeds that had not been seeded.

Further, in the 15 ° C. treatment group, the treatment for 1 day was similar to the result in the non-treatment group, and no treatment effect was obtained. On the other hand, when the treatment was carried out for 7 days and 14 days, a part of the seeds germinated, grew and protruded during the treatment period, and the seeding by the sowing machine could not be performed, so that further examination was not conducted. .

Example 2 Results of Examination with Gel-Coated Spinach Seeds (Part 1) Spinach was selected as a leafy vegetable and examined. Spinach seeds can withstand relatively low temperatures below freezing. First, gel-coated spinach seeds were prepared in the same manner as in the case of the tomato of Example 1. Then, the gel-coated spinach seeds were placed in a closed container and subjected to simultaneous germination treatment at 5 ° C. for 2 days.
Oxygen enrichment treatment was performed by immersing in 10 wt% hydrogen peroxide water for 10 minutes. 400 seeds of each of these seeds were sown on the filter paper laid in four petri dishes, 100 seeds each (treatment section).

On the other hand, for comparison, the gel-coated spinach seeds immediately after forming the coating gel layer were immediately subjected to oxygen enrichment treatment without performing the simultaneous germination treatment of the present invention, and 400 seeds were laid in four petri dishes. 100 pieces each were sown on the filter paper (untreated section). For these, the germination rate and the protrusion rate were examined in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIGS.

From FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, it can be seen that the gel-coated spinach seeds subjected to the simultaneous germination treatment of the present invention have good germination uniformity and a high protrusion rate in a short period of time. There were no seeds protruding during the above-mentioned simultaneous germination treatment period.

Example 3 Results of Examination with Gel-Coated Spinach Seeds (Part 2) Using the gel-coated spinach seeds prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, the simultaneous germination treatment period was examined. That is, 40 for each
The zero germ-coated seeds were placed in a closed container, and the germination rate and the protrusion rate were examined when low temperature treatment was carried out at -3 ° C, 2 ° C and 10 ° C in a humid atmosphere having a relative humidity of 95%. The results are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

Judging from the change in the protrusion rate shown in FIG. 4, the treatment at 10 ° C., which is higher than the minimum germination temperature (5 ° C.) of spinach, took 5 days at maximum, the treatment at 2 ° C. took up to 12 days, and the treatment at −3 ° C. gave 30 days at maximum. It has been found possible to carry out the treatment. It should be noted that this treatment period has a secondary effect as a storage period of the gel-coated seeds, and brings an efficiency in producing the gel-coated seeds.

A germination test was then carried out on the gel-coated spinach seeds which had been treated for the longest treatment period thus investigated. That is, gel-coated spinach seeds were prepared again in the same manner as in Example 2, and kept at 95% relative humidity for 10 ° C for 5 days, 2 ° C for 12 days, or -3 ° C.
Gel-coated seeds that had been subjected to low temperature treatment for 30 days were prepared. Each of these 400 seeds was sown with 400 gel-coated spinach seeds immediately after the formation of the coating gel layer, 100 each on filter paper laid in each of four petri dishes. For these, the germination rate and the protrusion rate were examined in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. From FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, it can be seen that the gel-coated spinach seeds subjected to the simultaneous germination treatment according to the present invention germinate immediately after sowing, and a high protrusion rate is immediately obtained.

[0026]

In the simultaneous germination method of the present invention, the reason why subsequent simultaneous germination is obtained by low-temperature treatment of gel-coated seeds is not clear, but it is considered as follows.
Since the seeds contained in the coating gel layer are supplied with water, they try to start germination immediately,
The speed is extremely slow due to the low environmental temperature. After that, when the low-temperature treatment is finished (at the time of sowing) and transferred to an appropriate temperature environment, it is considered that the seedlings vigorously germinate.

The simultaneous germination method for gel-coated seeds of the present invention is as follows:
It is very easy to obtain a uniform germination after sowing, and since a high protrusion rate is reached immediately after sowing, it is possible to improve the efficiency of subsequent harvesting. In addition, when applied to a rootstock of a graft, there is no difference in the growth rate of the whole plant that is sown at the same time, so that the workability is improved. At the same time, since the storable period until the seeding after forming the coated gel layer is significantly increased, the efficiency of the coating gel layer forming work can be achieved at the same time, and since the seeding can be performed in the optimum weather, Increased yield can also be achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the progress of the germination rate after seeding in Example 2.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the progress of the protrusion rate after seeding in Example 2.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between a treatment period and a germination rate in Example 3.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between a processing period and a protrusion rate in Example 3.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the progress of the germination rate after sowing in Example 3.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the progress of the protrusion rate after seeding in Example 3.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method for simultaneous germination treatment of gel-coated seeds, which comprises performing low-temperature treatment during the period from the formation of the coated gel layer to the sowing of the gel-coated seeds. 2. The simultaneous germination treatment method for gel-coated seeds according to claim 1, wherein the low temperature treatment is carried out at a temperature lower than the minimum germination temperature of the plant seeds encapsulated in the gel-coated layer. 3. The gel-coated seed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the low-temperature treatment temperature is higher than a temperature at which low temperature damage does not occur in the plant seed contained in the coated gel layer. Mass germination treatment method. 4. A method for preserving gel-coated seeds, which comprises storing the gel-coated seeds at a low temperature during the period from the formation of the coated gel layer to the sowing.