JPH09144004A - Sheet for vegetation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the movement, falling, etc., of materials for vegetation by loading the materials for vegetation of granules on a base fabric, covering the top faces of the materials for vegetation with a mat-shaped substance and executing a large number of point joining between the mat-shaped substance and the base fabric by a needle punching method. SOLUTION: Materials 2 for vegetation consisting of seeds, a fertilizer, a culture medium, etc., are loaded on a base fabric 1 composed of a nonwoven fabric, etc., made of cotton. The top faces of the materials 2 for vegetation are covered with mat-shaped substances 3 formed in the percentage of voids of 70-99.5% and thickness of 5-20mm by using fibers of a 3-50 denier. Point joining is conducted while the penetration-number density of needles is set in 500 or less per 10cm<2> by a needle punching method in sections among the base fabric 1 and the mat-shaped substances 3, and a sheet for vegetation is formed. When the sheet for vegetation is covered with a reinforcing net 6 and sewing is executed, the sheet for vegetation can be formed as the sheet to be wound.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vegetation sheet for protection of topsoil and greening of vegetation. More specifically, it relates to a bare land, a sloped surface, a sloped surface generated by road construction, residential land, farmland, park development, etc. The present invention relates to a vegetation sheet that is useful as a material for vegetation to protect topsoil or a material for forestation in the mountains.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A simple and effective method for preventing soil erosion such as slopes and protecting topsoil is a bulky and flexible long sheet (hereinafter simply referred to as "mat-like material") having a very large porosity due to polyester fiber or the like. ) Is known from 1992 Patent Application Publication No. 102621 and the like. With the technology of using such a mat-like material 1) Light and flexible long sheet is very easy to lay down 2) Sheets can be laid closely on the ground even on uneven land 3) Mat-like material Absorbs the impact energy of raindrops to prevent the destruction of soil particles 4) The fine fibers that make up the mat-like material entangle with the soil particles and stop the movement of the soil 5) Rainwater selectively flows in the mat-like material Therefore, the scavenging force that acts on the ground is reduced. 6) It is expected that the filter effect of the mat-like material will prevent turbid water outflow.

When such a mat-like material is used in combination with vegetation materials such as seeds, medium and fertilizer, the mat-like material prevents the movement of soil so that vegetation can be effectively achieved. For this purpose, a vegetation sheet having a structure in which a base cloth is provided, the vegetation material is loaded on the base cloth, and the vegetation material is covered with a mat-like material having the above-mentioned function has been devised. However,
The vegetation sheet having the above-mentioned structure is easily transported and unevenly distributed inside the vegetation sheet because the vegetation material such as seeds, culture medium, and fertilizer are powdery particles during transportation or laying work on the soil surface. In addition, it is easy to fall off the vegetation sheet, which causes a problem of vegetation cod and poor vegetation. Therefore, the development of a technique for supporting vegetation materials that eliminates these inconveniences is an important issue.

Conventionally, as the supporting means, an adhesive has been applied to the vegetation material loaded on the base cloth by spraying or the like, so that the base cloth and the vegetation material, the vegetation materials and the vegetation material and the mat-like material However, since these bonding modes are the bonding modes of dots or dots and lines, good bonding is not only difficult, but there are various problems. In other words, if a large amount of adhesive is used to obtain the necessary adhesion of vegetation materials, etc., it will be in an adhesion state like chestnut rice,
As a result, the vegetation sheet loses its flexibility and has poor adhesion to the soil surface.
Further, when the adhesive covers the seeds of the vegetation material, even if the water-soluble adhesive is used, the seeds are closed and vegetation damage is likely to occur unless a large amount of rainfall occurs early. 70 seeds
When the temperature exceeds ℃, the germination rate decreases, so that it takes a lot of time to dry the adhesive used. Further, even if the temporary adhesion is achieved by the adhesive, the intended adhesion is broken when the long vegetation sheet is wound, and the vegetation material moves unevenly inside the vegetation sheet, and even drops off. Therefore, in the above-mentioned conventional technique, the amount of vegetation material to be carried on the vegetation sheet is limited to about 200 g / m ² .

In order to solve the above problems, there is also a means for joining the mat-like material / vegetation material / base cloth by mechanical means such as sewing with a proper interval in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the sheet. According to this method, the vegetation materials are not joined to each other, but the movement of the vegetation materials is restricted within the compartment formed by the vertical and horizontal joining of the mat-like material and the base cloth It is possible to load a considerable amount of vegetation materials. But,
The joining means in the lateral or width direction with respect to the flow of the line requires a complicated device such as an intermittent traverse mechanism in the width direction, and the equipment cost thereof is extremely expensive. Also, the line needs to be stopped during the traverse in the width direction like a sewing machine, which hinders the productivity. There is a heating method that does not traverse as a joining method using heat sealing, hot melt, etc.Therefore, it is conceivable to provide compartments on the mat-like material and the base cloth as described above, but these methods are used. It cannot be used because the materials for use hinder the adhesion between the mat and the base cloth.

As a solution to the above-mentioned problems, the mat-like material and the base cloth are joined by sewing the vegetation sheet of the above construction with a proper interval only in the line flow direction, that is, the longitudinal direction, to join the mat-like material and the base cloth. It is conceivable to prevent the vegetation material that has been clamped in the width direction from moving and falling, while preventing the vegetation material from moving and falling in the longitudinal direction by applying an adhesive to the vegetation material. In this specific embodiment, the vegetation material loaded on the base cloth is sprayed with an adhesive to bond the vegetation materials to each other, and a mat-like material is coated on the vegetation material, and then the sewing machine is hung in the longitudinal direction. . However, as mentioned above, there are restrictions on the use of large amounts of adhesives, and the adhesion of vegetation materials is easily destroyed during winding and handling, so the amount supported on the vegetation sheet is limited to about 500 g / m ^2. There is.

[0007] As another method, in order to increase the amount of vegetation material carried by the vegetation sheet having the above structure, a method has been proposed in which voids between fibers constituting the mat-like material are filled with vegetation material.
(1994 Patent Application Publication No. 105616). In this method, the vegetation material is vibrated from the upper part of the mat-like material to fill the voids of the mat-like material, and the filled vegetation material is prevented from moving and falling due to the entanglement of the mat-like material fibers. However, if the vegetation material used in this method is coarse-grained, it becomes difficult to fill the voids of the mat-like material, so that selection and sieving of the vegetation material is necessary, which is complicated.

[0008]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION In view of the above situation, the present invention is a phenomenon in which vegetation materials that cause cod in vegetation and poor vegetation move and are unevenly distributed inside the vegetation sheet, and the phenomenon of falling from the vegetation sheet. The technology for supporting vegetation materials that can effectively prevent vegetation can be provided, and it is also possible to carry larger vegetation materials than before, resulting in poor adhesion to soil surfaces and seed closure due to lack of flexibility of vegetation sheets. It is an object of the present invention to provide a vegetation sheet that is breathless, does not require selection and sieving of vegetation materials, and is advantageous in terms of production efficiency and cost in the vegetation sheet manufacturing process.

[0009]

Means for Solving the Problems The vegetation sheet of the present invention for achieving the above object uses a mat-like material under specific conditions, and performs point joining between a base cloth and the mat-like material by a needle punch method. Is a major feature. That is, in the present invention, a vegetation material in the form of powder or granules is loaded on a base fabric, and the upper surface thereof is made of fibers having a denier of 3 to 50 and a porosity of 70 to 99.5.
%, A vegetation sheet characterized in that it is covered with a mat-like material having a thickness of 5 to 20 mm, and a large number of point bonds are made between the mat-like material and the base cloth by a needle punch method. It is preferable that the density of the number of needles inserted by the needle punching method in the portion where the spot joining is performed is 500 or less per 10 cm square. In addition, the aspect in which the point punching is performed by the needle punching method is a point-joint group in which a large number of point-joints are connected in a line or in a band (hereinafter simply referred to as "point-joint group").
(Also referred to as “)” is provided at appropriate intervals.

Further, in addition to point joining by the needle punching method, an embodiment in which a plurality of sewing machine hooks are applied between the mat-like material and the base cloth in such a manner as to intersect with the point joining group. It is most preferable to employ a mode in which a plurality of sewing machines are hooked in the longitudinal direction of the machine and the point-joint groups are provided at predetermined intervals in the direction substantially orthogonal thereto. In addition, when the point junctions are formed regularly or irregularly on almost the entire vegetation sheet, the combined use of the sewing machine is also meaningful.

The needle punching method is generally known as a holding technique for implanting fibers on a base cloth. That is, the needle board in which a large number of needles with small spines that undercut in the tip direction of the needles are planted on the peripheral surface is reciprocally moved up and down, and the needles are inserted to push the fibers into the base fabric and onto the base fabric. It is a technique for planting fibers and is used in the textile processing industry to manufacture carpets and the like. The fibers pressed into the base cloth are easily removed as they are, and therefore, the back surface of the base cloth is generally fixed with latex or the like. These conventional needle punching methods are known as techniques for implanting individual fibers on a base cloth, but in the present invention, such needle punching method is used to bond the base cloth and a mat-like material under specific conditions. The purpose is to obtain a new vegetation sheet by using it as a means. In the present invention, the fibers are not planted on the base cloth, and the conventional immobilization treatment using latex or the like from the back surface of the base cloth is not necessary.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a typical embodiment of the vegetation sheet of the present invention. The vegetation material 2 in the form of powder is loaded on the base cloth 1, the upper surface thereof is covered with the mat-like material 3, and the mat-like material 3 and the base cloth 1 are point-joined by the needle punch method. The base cloth 1 is loaded with the vegetation material 2, and when laying, it is necessary that the seed cloth adheres well to the soil surface and the seeds can be well rooted in the soil through the base cloth 1. Cloth, non-woven fabric, etc. are preferably used, but are particularly made of cotton, for example, areal weight 20-35 g / m ²
Since the non-woven fabric is corroded by the natural environment after it is laid, it is preferably used for soil rooting in vegetation. Further, the vegetation material 2 is composed of seeds, fertilizers, culture media and the like, and the size thereof is preferably fine powder to 6 mm or so in order to carry out the needle punch method. That is, in the case of a powder or granular material having such a size, the position of the needle of the needle punch is naturally changed when the needle is inserted, the seed is hardly damaged, and it does not hinder the implementation of the needle punch.

The vegetation material 2 loaded on the base fabric 1
The mat-like material 3 for covering the upper surface of the is made of fibers having a denier of 3 to 50 and a porosity of 70 to 99.5% and a thickness of 5 to 20 m.
It is necessary that the mat-like material is formed in m. This is because the obtained vegetation sheet adheres well to the uneven soil surface to prevent soil erosion and the vegetation function is greatly affected by the flexibility of the mat-like material, and the good germination of seeds. In order to grow, the mat-like material has a considerable porosity and is necessary for carrying out the needle punching method. When the fiber exceeds 50 denier, the mat-like material has a rough structure, the flexibility is reduced, the soil erosion prevention function is deteriorated, and the fiber is not sufficiently pushed by the barbs of the punch needle. Fibers having a denier of less than 3 are not versatile and cannot be used because of their low strength. When the porosity is less than the lower limit of 70%, the germination and growth of plants are likely to be inhibited, and the flexibility of the mat-like material is also reduced. Among the above-mentioned denier range of the fiber, a fiber having a denier of 3 to 15 is preferably used from the viewpoint of the soil erosion preventive function and the pushing effect by the punch needle.

The greatest feature of the present invention is that the base cloth 1 and the mat-like material 3 thus constructed are point-joined by a needle punching method. The needle insertion in the needle punching method is performed from the upper side of the mat-like material 3 toward the base fabric 1. When the needle is inserted and retracted, the fibers forming the mat-like material 3 are pushed from the surface of the base cloth 1 by the spines of the needle, the tip of the fiber is rotated to the back surface, and the mat-like material and the base cloth are point-joined. The distribution formation mode of the point junction may be one that can prevent the movement, uneven distribution and dropout of the vegetation material in the vegetation sheet due to the presence of the point junction. Point-joining may be formed regularly or irregularly on the entire surface by the needle punching method, but this is prevented because the point-joint portion may reduce the porosity between fibers due to compression and hinder germination. From a viewpoint, a mode in which a large number of point-bonding groups gathered in a linear or strip shape are provided at appropriate intervals is recommended. That is, the space between the base cloth 1 and the mat-like material 3 is divided into appropriate sections by providing linear or band-shaped point-bonding groups at appropriate intervals, and the vegetation material 2 in the form of powder or granules is divided in each section. Even if it moves, it is prevented from moving and being unevenly distributed over the section.

In the needle punch of the present invention for preventing the movement and uneven distribution of the vegetation material 2, it is preferable that the number of needles to be point-joined is 500 or less per 10 cm square. The high density of the number of inserted needles effectively prevents the uneven distribution and dropping of the vegetation material 2, but the porosity of the point-joined portion is reduced by the compression, and the germination and growth of the plant in this portion is easily inhibited. It is preferable that the density of the number of inserted needles is set to such a degree that the movement and uneven distribution of the vegetation material can be substantially prevented. In FIG. 1, strip-shaped point-bonding groups formed of two rows of point-bonding 4 are provided at appropriate intervals. In addition, it is also preferable to adopt a point-junction arrangement of one row of linear or plural rows of staggered bands.

As a most preferred embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the point joining 4 by the needle punching method, a plurality of sewing machine hooks 5 cross the linear or strip point joining group and the mat-like material 3 and the base. Also provided is an embodiment applied between the fabrics 1. Since the sewing machine hook does not compress the mat-like material 3 so much, it is extremely useful to use it for the needle punching method. In addition, the point joining by the needle punch method
If the force of peeling is applied, the pushed fibers will come out of the base fabric 1, so that the combined use of the sewing machine is also effective in preventing this. Furthermore, the vegetation sheet of the present invention,
It is generally desirable to attach a reinforcing net to the surface of the vegetation sheet in order to secure the tensile strength required when laying it on the soil surface and to withstand anchor pin placement, but the net is a point-punched needle-punched method. Joining is difficult,
The sewing machine is also useful in terms of net joining.

On the other hand, although the sewing machine hook can be easily carried out in the longitudinal direction of the vegetation sheet, the sewing machine mechanism for performing the sewing machine in the width direction is not only expensive, but the sewing machine machine in the width direction is not suitable for the vegetation sheet. There is also a drawback that it takes a lot of time to suspend the production line. That is, for example, if a sewing pitch of 10 cm is used for a sewing machine needle up and down of 0.5 seconds and a width of 1 m, eleven needle up and down times are required for 5.5 seconds, and a needle width direction traverse is required for 0.5 seconds per 10 cm. If this is done, it will take 5 seconds for 10 traverses, and a total of 10.5 seconds will be required for sewing in the width direction. 10 more in the flow direction
When a sewing machine is applied in the width direction at intervals of cm, a total stop time of 94.5 seconds is required for a length of 1 m. On the other hand, in the needle punch method, for example, the line direction 50
With a needle board of cm, the line stop time is only 1 second by punching twice per 1 m length. Further, the sewing machine can be hooked in the production line direction, that is, in the longitudinal direction of the vegetation sheet by intermittent driving for about 0.5 seconds when the needle is inserted. Therefore, if the sewing machine is hung in the longitudinal direction of the vegetation sheet and the needle punching method is carried out in the width direction in synchronization with each other, the production can be performed while maintaining a high production efficiency with a minimum production line intermittent stop time. Is the most preferred embodiment.

In the combined use of the needle punching method and the sewing machine hook, when the sewing machine hook is applied in the longitudinal direction of the vegetation sheet, the movement of the vegetation material in the width direction of the vegetation sheet can be prevented by the sewing machine. The point joining by the punch method has a role of preventing movement of the vegetation material in the longitudinal direction of the vegetation sheet. For this purpose, if the needle punching method is applied in the width direction at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction of the vegetation sheet, a large number of sections are formed by sewing machine hooking and point joining by the needle punching method. Will stay in this compartment. Therefore, in this case,
The vegetation sheet at the portion corresponding to the needle punch interval is convenient because it keeps its bulkiness without being compressed. In addition, applying the sewing machine in the longitudinal direction of the vegetation sheet is not limited to the case where the point joining by the needle punching method is formed in the form of a linear or band-shaped point joining group, and the vegetation sheet is regularly or almost entirely formed. The irregular formation is also very significant, and this is one of the recommended modes.

The needle punching method is carried out by vertically reciprocating a needle board in which a large number of needles having small barbs that undercut in the tip direction of the needle are planted as described above. The number can be freely changed depending on the size of the needle board, the needle density on the needle board, the vertical reciprocating cycle of the needle board, the progress speed in the production process of the vegetation sheet, and the like. Therefore, if the vertical reciprocating position of the needle board is vertically reciprocated at a position where it does not overlap with each other in the cycle, point bonding with the same arrangement as the needle arrangement on the needle board can be obtained, but for example, it partially overlaps with each cycle. A mode in which the needle board is reciprocated up and down at a position to perform point bonding at a position almost the same as or close to the previous point bonding, and a pair of point bonding is formed from the two punches adjacent to each other also improves the bonding strength of the point bonding. Is a preferred embodiment.

The needle punch method of the present invention can also be applied to the vibration filling method for filling the voids of the mat-like material of the vegetation material according to the above-mentioned 1994 Patent Application Publication No. 105616.
That is, in the conventional vibration filling method, when the vegetation material is coarse-grained, it is difficult to fill the voids of the mat-like material and remains on the upper surface of the mat-like material and falls off from the vegetation sheet, so it is necessary to select the size of the granular material such as sieving. is there. On the other hand, according to the present invention, the vibrating and filling method is applied as it is without selecting the granular material, and the matting material suitable for the needle punching method is coated thereon and needle punching is performed. According to this method, the coarse particles remaining on the mat-like material do not fall off, and 5,000 g / m ²
Material for vegetation can be attached to the vegetation sheet. FIG.
It is a conceptual diagram which shows the manufacturing process of the sheet | seat for vegetation of this invention. As shown in the figure, a seed cloth 2 which is a vegetation material is put on a manufacturing process by a base cloth 1 which is wound in a roll shape in advance.
a, the medium and the fertilizer 2b are sequentially loaded on the base cloth 1, then the upper surface is covered with a mat-like material, the needle punching method is carried out by the needle punching device 7, and then the reinforcing net 6 is covered, and then the sewing machine. A vegetation sheet can be obtained as a roll 9 by performing sewing with a hanging device 8.

[0021]

【Example】

Example 1 ^On a cotton non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 30 g / m ² , fine powder to 5 mm
A uniform amount of 2,000 g / m ^{2 of} seeds (turf) with the size of turf, fertilizer, and vegetation material mixed with a medium is uniformly loaded, and 3 on top of it
Porosity 98 consisting of 10-denier polyester blended cotton
% A sheet of vegetation with a width of 1 m covered with a bulky card mat-like material having a thickness of 10 mm and a basis weight of 50 g / m ² was subjected to needle punching using felt needle FPD-1-25 manufactured by Organ Needle Co., Ltd. The needle is 2 cm in length and width on the needle board.
Eight rows were arranged in a zigzag pattern at intervals in the sheet width direction for 1 m. The needle punch method is 5 cm in the longitudinal direction of the vegetation sheet.
One punch was performed for each move. As a result of the vegetation sheet, there was virtually no movement of the vegetation material within the sheet or dropping from the sheet. Moreover, when it was subjected to outdoor slope laying, vigorous germination was observed after 1 week and 3-5 after 1 month.
cm has grown.

Example 2 The same materials and needles as in Example 1 were used except that the vegetation material was loaded at 4,000 g / m ² . The needles were arranged in 6 rows in a zigzag pattern at intervals of 2 cm in the sheet advancing direction and 1.5 cm in the width direction over 1 m in the width direction. Longitudinal direction 6c of vegetation sheet
One punch was made every m movements, and the sewing machine was continuously sewn together with the reinforcing net in the longitudinal direction. For the sewing machine, the sewing pitch is 6 cm, and the width of the sewing is 5 cm at both ends, and the other is a 9 cm interval between the single stitches. The needle punch method was driven in synchronization with the sewing machine, but there was no problem with the line speed when only the sewing machine was hung in the longitudinal direction. The material for vegetation was retained in the compartment formed by the joint portion by needle punching and the joint portion by sewing with the sewing machine, and did not move or fall off.

[0023]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, according to the present invention, the phenomenon in which vegetation materials that cause cod in vegetation and vegetation defects move and are unevenly distributed inside the vegetation sheet and the phenomenon of falling off from the vegetation sheet are effective. Not only can it be prevented, but it is also possible to carry a larger amount of vegetation material than before. That is, conventionally, although most 500 g / m ² about support amount was the limit, 3,000 g / m ² and more can be obtained 5,000 g / m ² things supported amount. Note Generally, vegetation Materials for supporting amount 1,000 g / m to about ² 8mm thick or so, but the object can be achieved by basis weight 40 to 50 g / m ^2,
The thickness is about 10 to ^{1 at} about 3,000 to 4,000 g / m ^2.
It is preferable that the weight is 5 mm and the basis weight is 50 to 70 g / m ² . In addition, even if the amount of vegetation material carried increases as described above, poor adhesion of the vegetation sheet to the soil surface due to lack of flexibility and seed closure due to the adhesive will not occur, and selection and sieving of vegetation materials Injury is also unnecessary. According to the needle punching method of the present invention, a large number of point-bonded base cloth portions are destroyed by the needles and the fibers inserted and inserted by the needles, which is more convenient for soil rooting. Further, the vegetation sheet of the present invention is advantageous in production efficiency and cost in the manufacturing process.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a typical embodiment of a vegetation sheet of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a manufacturing process of the vegetation sheet of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Base cloth 2 Vegetation material 2a Seed 2b Medium and fertilizer 3 Mat-like material 4 Point joining by needle punch method 5 Sewing machine hook 6 Reinforcing net 7 Needle punch method machine 8 Sewing machine hook machine 9 Vegetation sheet roll

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A vegetation material in the form of granules is loaded on a base cloth,
The upper surface is made of 3 to 50 denier fiber and the porosity is 70
A sheet for vegetation, characterized in that the sheet is covered with a mat-like material having a thickness of 59.5 mm at 99.5% and a large number of point-joints are made between the mat-like material and the base cloth by a needle punch method. . 2. The number density of needles inserted by the needle punching method in the portion where the point bonding is applied is 500 per 10 cm square.
The vegetation sheet according to claim 1, wherein the number of insertions is as follows. 3. A point-joint group in which a large number of point-joints are connected in a linear form or are gathered in a strip form are provided at appropriate intervals.
The vegetation sheet described. 4. The vegetation sheet according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of sewing machine hooks intersecting with the point joint group are provided between the mat-like material and the base cloth. 5. The vegetation sheet according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of sewing machines are hooked in the longitudinal direction of the vegetation sheet, and point-joint groups are provided at predetermined intervals in a direction substantially orthogonal to the sewing. 6. The vegetation sheet, wherein a large number of point-joints are formed regularly or irregularly on substantially the entire vegetation sheet, and a plurality of sewing machines are applied in the longitudinal direction of the vegetation sheet. Vegetation sheet.