JPH09127940A - Automatic rendition device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily synchronize the reproduction and automatic rendition of a recorded phrase by calculating the reading speed of the wave-form data corresponding to the sound height at the time of reproduction of the wave-form data, calculating the tempo corresponding to the speed, and performing automatic rendition at the calculated tempo. SOLUTION: A ROM 12 stores the wave-form data sample-recorded with part of a musical sound and the wave-form attribute information to be referred when a CPU 11 reads and reproduces the wave-form data. The sound height and tempo of the original musical sound when the musical sound is recorded are recorded at the prescribed position of the ROM 12 storing the wave-form data of the musical sound separately from the wave-form data of the musical sound. At the time of reading, the reading speed required for the reproduction of the musical sound is calculated in response to the sound height at the time of reproduction. The change rate of the tempo is calculated from the pitch for reproduction and the tempo of the original musical sound, and the tempo is calculated. The CPU 11 instructs a sequencer to adjust the tempo to the calculated one.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an automatic performance device for synchronizing the tempo of an automatic performance with a musical sound sampled and recorded by a sampler or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, as a method of constructing a drum track in a sequencer, there is a method of recording performance information such as snares and cymbals into the sequencer step by step. Instead of the method, there is a method in which waveform data of a phrase of one bar or several bars of an actual drum is recorded in a memory by a sampler and the waveform data is repeatedly read to reproduce a continuous drum sound. In addition, music is also created by causing a sequencer to record performance information of other musical instruments in accordance with the phrase that is repeatedly reproduced.

[0003]

Generally, the progress of the automatic performance by the sequencer is not the absolute progress time, but the relative progress time, that is, the musical unit such as what beat of what measure and the tempo (for example, 4 minutes). The notes are expressed and managed in units such as 120 times per minute. In this case, if you change the tempo, the playback time of bars and beats will change accordingly,
As a result, the absolute time required to play music changes.

On the other hand, the phrase recorded in the memory by the sampler or the like does not have a musical unit by itself, and therefore the progress of the phrase performance depends on the absolute time of the phrase or the memory size (recording required). Address) and the read speed at the time of reading. In this case, if the read speed is changed, the absolute time required for reproduction changes accordingly, and as a result, the musical reproduction tempo changes.

In a sequencer, when a drum sound is played according to a recorded phrase and another musical instrument is played at the same time with performance data such as MIDI, if the tempo of the performance by both methods is not synchronized, it cannot be realized as music.
In order to synchronize the two musically, the phrase recorded in the memory must have a musical meaning, or the sequencer must manage absolute time. However, it requires complicated calculation of time and frequency, and it is difficult for general people who have no musical music and mathematical knowledge to set the operation.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and allows a performer to perform a complicated calculation when a player wants to synchronize the reproduction of a phrase recorded in a memory with the automatic performance. The purpose is to easily achieve synchronization between the two.

[0007]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the automatic performance apparatus according to the present invention is, as one form, a waveform memory for storing waveform data of musical tones and waveform data read from the waveform memory. A waveform reproducing means for reproducing the data, a tempo calculating means for calculating a tempo corresponding to the reading speed of the waveform reproducing means based on the stored contents of the waveform memory, and a performance means for automatically performing the tempo calculated by the tempo calculating means. Prepare

In this automatic performance device, the read speed of the waveform data is calculated according to the pitch during reproduction of the waveform data, and the tempo of the automatic performance corresponding to the calculated read speed during reproduction is stored in the waveform memory. Calculate by referring to the contents,
An automatic performance is performed at the calculated tempo. Thereby, the reading speed of the waveform data and the tempo of the performance of the automatic performance device can be synchronized.

In another form of the automatic musical instrument according to the present invention, the waveform memory for storing the waveform data of the musical tone and the tempo or time signature information of the original musical tone at the time when the waveform data was recorded as the waveform attribute information. And pitch specifying means for specifying the pitch when reproducing the waveform data of the musical sound,
Based on the waveform reproducing means for reading and reproducing the waveform data from the waveform memory at the reading speed calculated from the pitch specified by the pitch specifying means, and the reading speed of the waveform reproducing means and the tempo or time signature information of the waveform memory. A tempo calculation means for calculating a tempo corresponding to the read speed and a performance means for automatically performing the tempo calculated by the tempo calculation means are provided.

In this automatic performance device, the waveform data read speed is calculated according to the pitch when the waveform data is reproduced. Along with this, the tempo of the automatic performance is calculated from the calculated read speed during reproduction and the tempo of the original musical tone, or the tempo of the automatic performance is calculated from the calculated read speed and time signature information, Performs automatically at the calculated tempo. Thereby, the reading speed of the waveform data and the tempo of the performance of the automatic performance device can be synchronized.

In another form of the automatic performance device according to the present invention, a waveform memory for storing waveform data of musical tones, a waveform reproduction means for reading the waveform data from the waveform memory and reproducing the waveform data, and perform an automatic performance. The performance means, the performance operator for changing the readout speed of the waveform reproduction during the performance, the read speed synchronization means for synchronizing the readout speed of the waveform data with the tempo of the automatic performance, and the read speed synchronization means for adjusting the tempo of the automatic performance. A selection means for selecting whether or not to synchronize the reading speed of the waveform data, and a prohibiting means for prohibiting a change by an operator when the performance by the reading speed synchronizing means is selected by the selecting means.

In this automatic performance device, when the reproduction of the waveform data and the tempo of the automatic performance are synchronized, the automatic performance tempo is matched with the reproduction pitch of the waveform data, or the reproduction pitch of the waveform data is adjusted to the tempo of the automatic performance. Is selected by the selecting means. When the method of matching the reproduction pitch of the waveform data with the tempo of the automatic performance is selected, if the read speed is changed due to pitch bend, vibrato, etc., this is ignored.

As another form of the tempo synchronizing device of the automatic performance device, a waveform memory for storing the waveform data of the musical tone, a pitch designating means for designating the pitch when the waveform data of the musical tone is reproduced, Waveform reproducing means for reading and reproducing waveform data from the waveform memory at a reading speed calculated from the pitch specified by the pitch specifying means, and a peak waveform row for extracting peak waveforms from the waveform data in the waveform memory. Beat extracting means for extracting musical beats based on the sequence, tempo calculating means for calculating a tempo corresponding to the read speed of the waveform reproducing means and the beat extracted by the beat extracting means,
It may be configured to include a playing means for automatically playing the tempo calculated by the tempo calculating means.

In this automatic performance device, the reading speed of the waveform data corresponding to the pitch during reproduction of the waveform data is calculated, and the peak value of the recorded waveform data is searched to extract the peak waveform row. , The musical beats of the waveform data are extracted from the extracted peak waveform sequence. The tempo of the automatic performance is calculated based on this beat and the read speed, and the automatic performance is performed at the calculated tempo. Thereby, the reading speed of the waveform data and the tempo of the performance of the automatic performance device can be synchronized.

As another form of the automatic musical instrument, in each of the above automatic musical instruments, the waveform data and the waveform attribute information of a plurality of musical tones are stored in the waveform memory, and among these plural musical tones. A selecting means is provided for selecting one, and an automatic performance is performed at a tempo according to the reproduction of the musical sound selected by the selecting means. The read speed according to the tempo can be calculated and the musical tone can be reproduced at the read speed.

In this automatic performance device, the tempo of the automatic performance is determined in response to the reproduction of the waveform data of one musical sound selected by the user, and other musical sounds to be reproduced simultaneously with the musical sound are: A reading speed corresponding to the determined tempo of the automatic performance is calculated, and the musical sound is reproduced at the reading speed. As a result, even when the waveform data of a plurality of musical tones are simultaneously reproduced, the tempo of the performance of the automatic performance device and the tempos of the plurality of musical tones are unified into one tempo, and it is possible to prevent musical variations.

[0017]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, a basic configuration of an electronic musical instrument to which the present invention is applied will be described. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of an electronic musical instrument equipped with the function of a sequencer (automatic performance device), and FIG. 2 shows a specific example of the panel appearance of this electronic musical instrument.

In this electronic musical instrument, the function of the sequencer is realized by software processing by a CPU (central processing unit) 11, and the CPU 11 is a RAM (random access memory) according to a program stored in a ROM (read only memory) 12. 13 is used to process the operation information input from the panel operator unit 15 to display necessary information on the display 16 and control the operation state of the sequencer, or to operate the keyboard 17 or the sequencer unit described later or the outside. The musical tone generating means 14 is instructed to generate a musical tone in accordance with the inputted performance information by MIDI.

In addition to the above program, the ROM 12 stores waveform data obtained by sampling and recording a part of music and waveform attribute information referred to when the CPU 11 reads and reproduces the waveform data. The RAM 13 also has a performance information storage area for storing performance information recorded / reproduced by the sequencer.

The tone generating means 14 is an MI input from the keyboard 17, the sequencer section described later or the outside as described above.
A tone signal is generated according to performance information by DI, and C
Upon receiving an instruction from the PU 11, the waveform data stored in the ROM 12 is read to generate a tone signal. The generated tone signal is amplified by the amplifier 18, and the speaker 19
Is emitted as a sound.

The panel operation section 15 is composed of a plurality of switches on the panel, and these switches are used to operate the tone color selection and the performance / recording of the sequencer. Also keyboard 17
You can play by. The pitch bend lever 20 is a performance operator that continuously changes the reproduction pitch of a tone waveform reproduced by key depression.

[First Embodiment] Next, a first embodiment will be described. In the first embodiment, the pitch and tempo of the original musical tone at the time when the musical tone was recorded are recorded in a predetermined position of the ROM 12 in which the musical tone waveform data is stored, in addition to the musical tone waveform data. At the time of reading, the reading speed (playback pitch) required for playing a musical sound is calculated according to the pitch at the time of playing, and the tempo change ratio is calculated from the pitch at the time of playing and the tempo of the original musical sound. The tempo of the sequencer is calculated from the change ratio, and the tempo management means of the sequencer is instructed to adjust the tempo to the calculated tempo to realize the musical synchronization between the waveform and the sequencer.

FIG. 3 shows an example of data stored in the ROM 12. As shown, the ROM 12 has a CP
A waveform attribute information data table, waveform data, and other tables are stored together with the program for operating U11. The waveform data 1 to n are waveform data having different timbres. In the waveform attribute information data table, the number of recorded waveform data, and subsequently, the waveform pronunciation information as the number of pieces of waveform data is stored as attribute information about each waveform data. Along with the waveform data, one of the waveform pronunciation information of this waveform information data table corresponding to the waveform data is designated.

In the first embodiment, as the waveform pronunciation information, the waveform name, the waveform read start address, the waveform address length (memory size), and the original musical tone when recorded are as shown in the figure. The pitch and the tempo of the original musical sound at the time of recording are recorded.

Each piece of this waveform pronunciation information is:
Waveform name is a character string with a predetermined number of characters, start address is ROM1
The start address and address length of the corresponding waveform 2 are ROM1
The size obtained by (final address-first address) of the corresponding waveform of 2, the pitch of the original musical tone is 1 to 127
The number assigned to each semitone of the scale, the scale number used in the MIDI standard, the tempo of the original musical tone is expressed in the unit commonly used in music expressed in the number of quarter notes beaten per minute at the relevant tempo. To be done.

Hereinafter, each parameter of the waveform pronunciation information is marked as follows. Waveform Name: WD _Name Starting Address: WD _StAd Address Length: WD _Leng Original Tone _Pitch : WD _Note Original Tone Tempo: WD _Tmpo

The user selects the waveform to be reproduced by using the operating element.
Designate (timbre designation) and instruct the tempo synchronization of the sequencer
Also, you can play the waveform with the pitch
Or with the pitch specified by MIDI.
Set. These are detected by the CPU 11, and the CPU
11 is a predetermined value for the tone generating means 14 based on it.
Instruction to start pronunciation with tone color and pitch, and sequencer tempo
To synchronize the SQ _SyncI do.

When the tone generation means 14 receives from the CPU 11 an instruction to start sounding with a predetermined tone color and pitch, and an instruction SQ _Sync to synchronize the tempo of the sequencer, the tone generating means 14 starts sounding in the following procedure.

The tone color designation number from the CPU 11 is C
_Let P _Tone and pitch instruction data be CP _Note . The musical tone generating means 14 searches the waveform attribute information data table and selects the waveform pronunciation information corresponding to the tone color designation number CP _Tone ,
The leading address WD _StAd of the waveform to be read is obtained from this waveform pronunciation information.

The pitch WD _Note of the original musical tone is extracted from the selected waveform pronunciation information, and the pitch W of the original musical tone is extracted.
The difference between D _Note and the pitch instruction data CP _Note from the CPU 11 is calculated. This difference is the pitch WD _Note of the original music
On the other hand, it represents the difference in the pronunciation of the scale of the pitch CP _Note to be actually reproduced. The pitch is expressed in semitone steps. Since this semitone is a value obtained by dividing the frequency of one octave into 12 equal ratios, that is, the 12th root of 2, a value obtained by raising the difference between the pitch instruction data CP _Note and the pitch WD _Note of the original musical tone to the 12th root (This is referred to as FV _Pach ), that is, the following formula FV _Ptch = 2 ^X [where X = (CP _Note- WD _Note ) / 12] is a coefficient of the speed at which the waveform of the ROM 12 is read. The final read speed is such that the address counter is incremented by one address for each sample when the original pitch coefficient of the recorded waveform is 1.00, so 1.00 is multiplied by FV _Ptch . Value, that is, a value equivalent to FV _Ptch . Therefore, hereinafter, this FV _Ptch will be referred to as a read speed (reproduction pitch).

The tone generating means 14 determines the reading speed FV.
_{According to Ptch} , the corresponding waveform of the ROM 12 is sequentially started at the start address WD at each time interval defined by the sampling frequency.
_{The length} of the address length WD _Leng is repeatedly read from _StAd and sound is emitted. Since the reading speed FV _Ptch is a real number,
The value after the decimal point is calculated by interpolating the waveform value between the waveform samples.

The tone generating means 14 gives an instruction SQ for synchronizing the tempo of the sequencer with the waveform data reading speed FV _{Ptch.
When Sync} is received, the tempo WD of the original musical sound acquired from the read speed FV _Ptch calculated above and the waveform pronunciation information.
_The CPU 11 is notified of _Tmpo .

The CPU 11 reads the read speed FV _Ptch returned from the musical tone generating means 14 and the original musical tone tempo WD.
_Based on _Tmpo , multiply both by the tempo S
Calculate Q _Tmpo . SQ _Tmpo = FV _Ptch × WD _Tmpo

By setting the tempo of the sequencer to the calculated tempo SQ _Tmpo , the tempo of the sequencer is synchronized with the waveform reading speed FV _Ptch .

The calculated tempo SQ _Tmpo is the CPU
Since it is a real number calculated by the floating-point arithmetic routine 11 or the fixed-point arithmetic routine, the display unit 16 displays an integer that is rounded up, rounded down, or rounded off.
, And informs the performer of the tempo of automatic performance.

[Second Embodiment] Next, a second embodiment will be described. In the second embodiment, in addition to the waveform data, the pitch of the original musical sound at the time of recording, the musical measure number information, and the beat information are recorded at a predetermined position of the ROM 12 that stores the waveform data of the musical sound. In addition, at the time of reading, the reading speed (playback pitch) required for playing a musical sound is calculated according to the pitch at the time of playing, and the absolute pitch of one bar or one beat is calculated from the calculated playback pitch, bar number information, and time signature information. The playback time is calculated, the tempo of the sequencer corresponding to the absolute playback time is calculated, and the sequencer adjusts the tempo to the above calculated tempo, thereby realizing waveform readout and musical synchronization of the tempo of the sequencer. .

Waveform pronunciation information in the second embodiment is shown in FIG.
It is shown in. The waveform name WD _Name , the start address WD _StAd , the address length WD _leng , and the pitch WD _Note of the original musical tone are the same as those in the first embodiment. The difference is that, in place of the tempo WD _Tmpo of the original musical sound of the first embodiment, the number of bars WD _{Ba rs of the} original musical sound is used in the second embodiment.
And the beat information WD _BNum / WD _{BDom of the} original musical tone is stored as the waveform pronunciation information. This time signature information is a time signature commonly used in music, that is, a denominator.
The type of beat that is used as a reference WD _BDom , numerator (numerator
) _Is expressed by a time signature that describes the beat number WD _BNum of one measure, and the denominator and the numerator each hold an integer value.

The method of _obtaining the reading speed (reproduction pitch) FV _Ptch of the waveform data during reproduction from the memory is the same as in the first embodiment. That is, FV _Ptch = 2 ^X [where X = (CP _Note- WD _Note ) / 12].

Calculation of Reproduction Time for One Beat The reproduction time FV _Time for one beat of a quarter note when the waveform data is read at the reading speed FV _Ptch and pronounced is as follows. Here, the sampling rate (time for one sample) of the waveform data of the original musical sound is defined as FV _Rate (second).

The size WD _Blen of the waveform required to reproduce one quarter note is WD _BLen = WD _Leng / (WD _BNum x (4 / WD _BDom ) x
WD _Bars ) Playback time of the original musical sound of one quarter note WD
_Time (seconds) is WD _Time = WD _BLen × FV _{Rate, and} therefore the playback time FV when one quarter note is sounded.
_Time (second) is _calculated by FV _Time = WD _Time × FV _Ptch .

Calculation of Tempo of Sequencer Calculation of tempo SQ _{Tmpo of} the sequencer according to the calculated reproduction time FV _Time is as follows. The tempo is expressed by the number of quarter notes played in one minute (= 60 seconds). Therefore, in order to calculate the tempo from the time of one beat of a quarter note, one minute may be divided by the time of one beat of a quarter note. That is, the tempo SQ _Tmpo of the sequencer for reproduction with the reproduction time FV _Time of one quarter note is obtained by SQ _Tmpo = 60 / FV _Time .

By setting the tempo of the sequencer to the calculated tempo SQ _Tmpo , the tempo of the sequencer is synchronized with the waveform data read speed FV _Ptch .

[Third Embodiment] Next, a third embodiment will be described. In the third embodiment, in addition to the waveform data, only the pitch of the original musical sound at the time of recording is recorded at a predetermined position of the ROM 12 that stores the waveform data of the musical sound, and is stored in the ROM 12 at the time of reading. The peak value of the waveform data of the musical tone is searched, a plurality of peak waveforms having a size equal to or greater than a predetermined peak value are extracted, the memory address interval between the peak waveforms and the read speed (playback pitch).
The absolute time between the peak waveforms is calculated from this, and the peak waveforms are regarded as the unit of a predetermined musical beat, and the tempo of the corresponding sequencer is calculated from the beat and its absolute time, and the waveform data is read and the tempo of the sequencer is calculated. To achieve the musical synchronization of.

Waveform pronunciation information in the third embodiment is shown in FIG.
It is shown in. As shown in FIG.
2, the waveform pronunciation information of the third embodiment has a waveform name W.
D _{Na me,} start address WD _Stad, in addition to the address length WD _leng, stores only pitch WD _Note original tone.

The method of _obtaining the reading speed (playback pitch) FV _Ptch of the waveform data from the ROM 12 during playback is described in the first embodiment.
Same as 2. That is, FV _Ptch = 2 ^X [where X = (CP _Note- WD _Note ) / 12].

Acquisition of Reproduction Time for One Beat of _Quarter Note of Waveform The reproduction time FV _{Time for} one beat of quarter note when the waveform data is read out at the reading speed FV _Ptch and sounded is
Data designated in advance as in the second embodiment (the number of bars WD _Bars of the original musical tone and the beat information WD of the original musical tone)
_{Since BNum} / WD _BDom ) does not exist, it cannot be obtained only by calculation. Therefore, directly search the waveform data to pick up the peak waveform, and use that peak waveform as a beat, and play from the address interval between peak waveforms per beat. Calculate time.
The method of acquiring this reproduction time is as follows.

Peak Waveform Detection Example A peak waveform detection example will be described with reference to FIG. This figure 4
Shows the envelope of the waveform of one of the waveform data stored in the ROM 12.

-1. Detection of maximum value WD _MaxV The value of each address is sequentially read from the beginning to the end of the specified waveform data in the ROM 12, and when the value read this time is larger than the value read last time, the value read this time is held as the maximum value. To do. By repeating this procedure, one maximum value WD _MaxV in the designated waveform data is obtained.

-2. Maximum value WD _MaxV vicinity of the maximum value WD 1 below a predetermined value to _MaxV in the detection waveform data of address, as a threshold WD _RefV a value obtained by multiplying, for example 0.8, R
The value of each address is sequentially read from the beginning to the end of the designated waveform data in the OM 12, and the threshold value WD
_The peak value address WD _Peak [n] having a value of _RefV or more is held in the list. Detected peak value address WD
_When the number of _Peaks is less than 4, the threshold value WD
_RefV is multiplied by a predetermined value to obtain a new threshold value WD _RefV , which is used to search the ROM 12 again in the same manner as described above. This is repeated until four or more peak value addresses WD _Peak are detected.

-3. Calculation of Difference for Each Peak Value Address For a plurality of detected peak value addresses WD _Peak [n], the difference WP _Diff between adjacent peak value addresses is sequentially subtracted from the first peak value address. Next, the maximum value WP _DMax of the peak value address difference WP _Diff is _obtained . A maximum value WP _DMax of the obtained peak value address differences is multiplied by a predetermined value of 1 or less, for example 0.8, is set as a threshold value WP _RefV , and a plurality of peak value address differences WP _Diff
Is searched for the peak value address difference WP _Diff having a value equal to or _smaller than the threshold value WP _RefV . Peak value WD that defines the peak value address difference WP _Diff less than or equal to the corresponding threshold value
_Peak [n] (the peak value indicated by a white circle in the example of FIG. 4) is deleted from the list of peak value addresses, and the peak values arranged at substantially constant intervals (the peaks indicated by black circles in the example of FIG. 4). Only the address of (value) is detected.

-4. Calculate the average value of the peak value addresses Calculate the average value of the list of peak value addresses, and use this as the size of the waveform WD _BLen required to reproduce one quarter note, and based on this result, one quarter note The reproduction time WD _Time (seconds) of the minute original musical sound is calculated by the following formula. WD _Time = WD _BLen × FV _Rate where FV _Rate is the sampling rate of the waveform data. Then, when the waveform is read out at the reading speed FV _Ptch and sounded, a reproduction time FV of one quarter note is obtained.
_Time is _calculated by FV _Time = WD _Time × FV _Ptch .

Calculation of Sequencer Tempo The following is the calculation of the sequencer tempo SQ _Tmpo corresponding to the acquired reproduction time FV _Time . The tempo is expressed as the number of quarter notes played in one minute, so 4
To calculate the tempo from the time of one beat of a quarter note, one minute may be divided by the time of one beat of a quarter note. That is, the tempo SQ for reproducing one quarter note with the reproduction time FV _Time.
Tmpo can be obtained by SP _Tmpo = 60 / FV _Time .

By setting the tempo of the sequencer to the calculated tempo SQ _Tmpo , the tempo of the sequencer is synchronized with the waveform data read speed FV _Ptch .

In the third embodiment, the method of searching the peak waveform from the waveform data stored in the ROM 12 and obtaining the reproduction time WD _Time (second) of the original musical sound of one quarter note is processed purely by calculation. However, the waveform data may be directly displayed on the display 16 and the points that are candidates for the peak waveform may be displayed so that the user can select and specify the peak waveform.

Further, in the description of the third embodiment, the interval of quarter notes is detected, but a means for designating notes is provided, and any interval such as eighth notes or sixteenth notes can be used as the detection interval. May be specified by the user.
In that case, the conversion to the quarter note length need only be multiplied by the ratio of the note lengths (note values).

In the above embodiment, the tempo of the sequencer is synchronized with the reproduction pitch of the waveform data, but a method of synchronizing the reproduction pitch of the waveform data with the playback tempo of the sequencer will be described below. This method automatically adjusts the waveform read speed (playback pitch) management means to the tempo management means, which is a musical unit of a sequencer that does not have a read speed (pitch) management means, so that each musical progress is made. To synchronize.

[Playback Pitch Synchronization Method 1 of Waveform Data] In this method 1, the tempo of the original musical sound at the time of recording is recorded at a predetermined position of the memory for storing the waveform data of the musical sound, separately from the waveform data. Then, when reading,
The rate of change in tempo is calculated in comparison with the tempo of the sequencer, the reproduction pitch of the waveform data is calculated in accordance with the ratio of the tempo, and musical synchronization between the reproduction pitch of the waveform data and the tempo of the sequencer is realized.

As the waveform pronunciation information of the method 1, the waveform name W
D _Name , start address WD _StAd , address length WD _Leng ,
_Memorize the tempo WD _{Tmpo of the} original music.

SQ the tempo of the sequencer_TmpoThen
Sequencer tempo SQ_TmpoWaveform data read speed
(Playback pitch) FV_PtchTo synchronize the
Regardless of the price, the tempo SQ of the sequencer_TmpoAnd of the waveform
Original music tempo WD _TmpoCalculate the ratio of
The ROM 12 may be sequentially read according to the ratio.

That is, the reproduction pitch FV when reproducing the waveform
_Ptch is calculated by FV _Ptch = SQ _Tmpo / WD _Tmpo . ROM according to this reproduction pitch FV _Ptch
By reading out 12 sequentially, the tempo SQ of the sequencer
Sync to _Tmpo .

[Method 2 for Synchronizing Reproduction Pitch of Waveform Data] In this method 2, in addition to the waveform data, musical bar number information and time signature information are recorded at a predetermined position of the memory storing the waveform data of the musical sound. Every time, when reading, the absolute time required to play one beat is calculated from the memory size of the waveform, the number of measures information, and the beat information at the pitch of the original musical tone, and the sequencer plays one beat. The required absolute time is calculated according to the tempo, and the reproduction pitch of the waveform data is calculated according to the ratio of the absolute times of the two to realize musical synchronization between the waveform and the sequencer.

As the waveform pronunciation information of the method 2, the waveform name W
D _Name , start address WD _StAd , address length WD _Leng ,
The number of bars WD _{Bars of} the original musical tone and the beat information WD _BNum / WD _BDom of the original musical tone are stored.

The time for one beat of a quarter note at a predetermined tempo SQ _Tmpo of the sequencer is calculated by FV _Time = 60 / SQ _Tmpo . Further, the reproduction time WD _Time for one beat of a quarter note at the pitch of the original musical tone of the waveform data is calculated. In this case, when the sampling rate (one sample time) and FV _Rate (seconds), the size WD _Blem waveform required for the reproduction of one beat quarter _{note, WD Blen = WD Leng / WD} BlNum × (4 / WD _BDom ) ×
WD _Bars ), which is the reproduction time WD of the original musical sound of one quarter note
_Time (seconds) is calculated by WD _Time = WD _Blen × FV _Rate .

When the reproduction pitch at the time of sound generation is calculated based on the above calculated value, FV _Ptch = WD _Time / FV _Time By sequentially reading the ROM 12 according to the reproduction pitch FV _{Ptch, the} reproduction pitch of the waveform data is synchronized with the tempo SQ _Tmpo of the sequencer.

[Reproduction Pitch Synchronizing Method 3 of Waveform Data] In this method 3, only the waveform data is recorded at a predetermined position of the memory storing the waveform data of the musical sound, and the waveform data recorded in the memory is read at the time of reading. The peak value is searched for, multiple peak waveforms with a size equal to or greater than a predetermined peak value are extracted, the absolute time between the peak waveforms is calculated from the address interval of the peak waveform memory and the playback pitch, and the peak waveforms are calculated. Is regarded as the unit of a predetermined musical beat, and the beat and its absolute time are calculated. Also, the absolute time required for the sequencer to play one beat is calculated according to its tempo, and the absolute value of both is calculated. The playback pitch of the waveform is calculated according to time, and the playback pitch of the waveform data and the tempo of the sequencer are musically synchronized.

As the waveform pronunciation information of the method 3, the waveform name W
Only D _Name , start address WD _StAd , and address length WD _Leng are stored.

The time FV _{Time for} one quarter note in a predetermined tempo SQ _Tmpo of the sequencer is calculated by FV _Time = 60 / SQ _Tmpo .

The method of searching the peak waveform from the waveform data and obtaining the reproduction time WD _Time (seconds) of the original musical sound of one quarter note is exactly the same as that described in the third embodiment.

Based on the calculated time FV _Time and the searched reproduction time WD _Time , the reproduction pitch FV _Ptch of the waveform data at the time of sound generation is calculated by FV _Ptch = WD _Time / FV _Time .

According to the reproduction pitch FV _Ptch , the ROM 1
By sequentially reading 2, the reproduction pitch of the waveform data is synchronized with the tempo SQ _Tmpo of the sequencer.

Various modifications are possible in carrying out the present invention. For example, in each of the above embodiments, the ROM 12
Although the case where one waveform data read from the device is played as a single reproduced sound has been described, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of waveform data are read and the plurality of reproduced sounds are played simultaneously. May be When synchronizing the tempo of the sequencer with a plurality of waveform data in this way, a plurality of different tempos are generated for each waveform data when a chord is played in an actual performance. Since the tempo of the sequencer is usually one, it is necessary to exclusively select only one of these tempos, and if the tempo of each waveform data is not unified, it will be music. Disappear.

Therefore, in such a case, the tempo is calculated for each of the plurality of waveform data by the method described in the above embodiment, and any one is selected from the calculated tempos of the plurality of waveform data. Tempo selection means is provided so that the user can select a desired tempo with this tempo selection means. Then, the tempo of the sequencer is set according to the selected tempo, the performance data is played back by the sequencer, and the read speed (playback pitch) that becomes the tempo of the set sequencer is calculated backward for the remaining waveform data for which the tempo is not selected. Then, the read-out speed of the remaining waveform data is adjusted to the read-out read-out speed.

That is, in the case of reproducing a plurality of waveform data at the same time, the user selects any one of the plurality of waveform data to synchronize the tempo of the sequencer with the read speed, and the remaining waveform data. With respect to, the reading is performed in synchronization with the tempo of the sequencer.
This allows the entire system to be synchronized with one tempo.

As another modification of the present invention, the mode for setting the reading speed of the musical tone waveform data according to the pitch pressed by the performer or the pitch designated by MIDI as in the first to third embodiments. Play pitch synchronization method 1-3
According to the tempo of the sequencer, it is possible to provide a reading speed selecting means capable of arbitrarily specifying whether to set the mode.

The merits of providing such a reading speed selecting means are as follows. That is, when the waveform reading speed is synchronized with the tempo of the sequencer, the waveform reading speed is set to a predetermined tempo regardless of the pitch specified by the key pressing information of the performer or the key pressing information in the performance data of the sequencer. Corresponding constant speed. However, in an actual performance, there are some timbres for which it is desired to generate a scale according to the pitch. Therefore, the reading speed selecting means for selecting whether to synchronize the tempo for each waveform or to generate a pitch according to the key depression information is prepared so that the performer can specify either of them prior to the performance. .

Alternatively, as a synchronization mode of the entire apparatus, a mode for synchronizing the waveform reading speed (playback pitch) with the tempo of the sequencer and a mode for synchronizing the tempo of the sequencer with the playback pitch of the waveform are provided and It may be possible to select one of these modes.

If it is specified by the read speed selecting means to synchronize with the tempo of the sequencer, the pitch
When the read speed change information such as bend or vibrato changes the read speed of the waveform data, the synchronization with the sequencer is lost. Therefore, it is advisable to provide a forced synchronization means for ignoring the read speed change information.

The operation of this modification will be described below in more detail with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. This modified apparatus has two synchronization modes: (a) a mode for synchronizing the sequencer with the reproduction pitch of the waveform data, and (b) a mode for synchronizing the reproduction pitch of the waveform data with the tempo of the sequencer. Which mode to use can be selected by a switch on the panel.

Further, in addition to the keyboard 17 as a performance operator, a pitch bend lever 20 is provided so that the reproduction pitch of a musical tone waveform reproduced by key depression can be continuously changed.

When the pitch bend lever 20 is operated,
The CPU 11 executes the interrupt routine shown in FIG. In this interrupt routine, it is first checked what the current synchronization mode setting is (step S1). If the synchronization mode is the mode (a) in which the reproduction pitch of the waveform is synchronized with the tempo of the sequencer, the process returns to the main routine without any processing.

On the other hand, if the synchronization mode is the mode (b) for synchronizing the sequencer tempo with the waveform reproduction pitch,
The operation amount (bender value) of the pitch bend lever 20 is acquired (step S2), the tone generator is instructed to change the reproduction pitch of the tone waveform based on the bender value (step S3), and the sequencer is based on the acquired bender value. The tempo of is corrected (step S4). This is to match the tempo of the sequencer with the musical sound waveform reproduction pitch changed in step S3. After this, the routine returns from this interrupt routine.

By performing the above processing, in the synchronous mode (a), the musical tone waveform reproduction pitch changes in accordance with the operation of the pitch bend lever 20, and the tempo of the sequencer is also changed so as to synchronize with the waveform reproduction pitch. To be done. Further, in the synchronous mode (b), in order to maintain the state where the musical tone waveform reproduction pitch is synchronized with the tempo of the sequencer, the operation of the operator for changing the reproduction pitch is ignored.

In the above example, the pitch bend is given as an operation for changing the reproduction pitch of the tone waveform, and the operation is neglected in some cases, but the operation is not limited to this, and the reproduction pitch is periodically set, for example. It may be applied to the shaking vibrato operation.

Further, in this example, in the case of the synchronous mode (b) in which the reproduction pitch of the musical tone waveform is synchronized with the tempo of the sequencer, the operation of the operator for changing the reproduction pitch is ignored, but the present invention is not limited to this. However, in the case of this synchronous mode (b), the operation of the operator may be reflected in parameters other than the reproduction pitch change.

In the embodiment described above, the waveform data is read from the read-only ROM 12, but a RAM for storing the waveform data is separately provided, and the user records the waveform in the RAM, and the waveform of the RAM is recorded. The data and the sequencer may be synchronized. In that case, the user may be allowed to set the pitch and tempo of the original musical tone, or the waveform of RAM is searched to detect the peak waveform, and calculation for synchronization is performed as the reference note length. May be.

[0086]

As described above, according to the present invention, when the performer desires to synchronize the reproduction of the phrase recorded in the memory with the automatic performance, complicated calculation is performed. Without both, it is possible to easily synchronize both.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an electronic musical instrument to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a panel appearance of an electronic musical instrument to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration example of waveform attribute information according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of peak waveform extraction processing according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an example of an interrupt routine according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 CPU (Central Processing Unit) 12 ROM 13 RAM 14 Musical Sound Generating Means 15 Operator Part 16 Display 17 Keyboard 18 Amplifier 19 Speaker 20 Pitch Bend Lever

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A waveform memory for storing waveform data of musical tones, a waveform reproducing means for reading the waveform data from the waveform memory and reproducing the waveform data, and a reading speed of the waveform reproducing means based on the stored contents of the waveform memory. An automatic performance device comprising a tempo calculation means for calculating a tempo to be performed and a performance means for automatically performing the tempo calculated by the tempo calculation means. 2. Waveform data of a musical tone, a waveform memory for storing tempo or time signature information of an original musical tone at the time when the waveform data was recorded as waveform attribute information, and a sound for reproducing the waveform data of the musical tone. Pitch specifying means for specifying a pitch, waveform reproducing means for reading and reproducing waveform data from the waveform memory at a read speed calculated from the pitch specified by the pitch specifying means, and reading of the waveform reproducing means An automatic performance device comprising a tempo calculation means for calculating a tempo corresponding to the read speed based on the speed and the tempo or time signature information of the waveform memory, and a performance means for automatically performing the tempo calculated by the tempo calculation means. . 3. A waveform memory for storing waveform data of musical tones, a waveform reproducing means for reading the waveform data from the waveform memory and reproducing it, a performance means for performing an automatic performance, and a reading speed of the waveform reproduction during the performance. And a read speed synchronizing means for synchronizing the read speed of the waveform data with the tempo of the automatic performance, and whether or not the read speed of the waveform data is synchronized with the tempo of the automatic performance by the read speed synchronizing means. An automatic performance device comprising a selection means and a prohibition means for prohibiting a change by an operator when the synchronization by the read speed synchronization means is selected by the selection means.