JPH09115270A - Media information recording device, media information reproducing device, and media information display system by the same devices - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To speed up the character display of a reproducing side by judging whether a bit map conversion is to be performed or not based on a prescribed reference and giving information about it and reading out fonts corresponding to respective characters of a character string to make the character string the size of a specified display area. SOLUTION: The character string and the rectangular area storage parts 1, 2 of a memory 320 respectively store codes of the character string and rectangular areas with coordinates on the display screen of a reproducing device which are edited and specified by an editing device 310. Moreover, a font storage part 3 stores fonts of various kinds of characters according to character cores, a rectangular area calculating part 4 calculates the total number pixels of the character string based on the rectangular area information stored in the storage part 2. A bit map transformation instructing part 5 gives an instruction to convert a bit map only when a rectangular area is equal to or smaller than a prescribed threshold value. Thus, the load on the bit map conversion on the side of a reproducing device is reduced, and as the threshold value is set higher, the characters can be displayed more quickly.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for storing media information edited by an editing apparatus, particularly text information on a recording medium such as an optical disk, a reproducing apparatus for reproducing the recording medium, and media information by the reproducing apparatus. Display system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the progress of multimedia, data contents are created by a dedicated editing device, and the edited data is recorded on a recording medium such as an optical disk, a floppy disk or a hard disk by a recording device. However, an information display system in which information on the recording medium is reproduced by a reproducing device and displayed on a screen is becoming widespread.

In a reproducing device in such a system, particularly a game machine, etc., in many cases, the recorded data is only reproduced without editing the data, and a bitmap display is used as its display device. Is generally used. When displaying a character on this bitmap display, it is necessary to temporarily convert the character string indicated by the code into a bitmap using a corresponding font.

The structure of such a conventional media information recording apparatus and reproducing apparatus will be described below. FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a conventional recording device for recording information (hereinafter referred to as “text information”) on a character string edited by the editing device on a recording medium, and FIG. It is a block diagram of the conventional reproducing | regenerating apparatus which reproduces.

As shown in FIG. 11, the recording device 600 concerned.
Is a character string storage unit 601 that stores the character string created and output by the editing device in the state of the character code, and a rectangular area that indicates the display range of the character string output from the editing device on the display screen. With a coordinate value, a rectangular area storage unit 602, a font storage unit 603 that stores a font corresponding to a character code, a rectangular area storage unit 602 and a character string storage unit that store the coordinate value and the character string of the rectangular area, respectively. Of the fonts stored in the font storage unit 603, the fonts used in the character string are read out from the unit 601 and are composed of the font information, the rectangular area information, and the character string information. A table creation unit 604 that creates a table
And an output information recording unit 605 for recording the table on a predetermined recording medium, for example, an optical disc 606.

On the other hand, the reproducing apparatus 510, as shown in FIG. 12, has an optical disk reproducing section 611 for reproducing the optical disk 606, an information type judging section 612 for judging the kind of the reproduced information, and based on this judgment. The rectangular area reading unit 613, the character string reading unit 614, and the font information that read the rectangular area information, the character string information, and the font information, respectively, are associated with the corresponding fonts for each character of the read character string information. A character-by-character bitmap conversion unit 616 that converts and outputs the bitmap, and a sequential reproduction memory 618 for the bitmap-converted character string based on the rectangular area information read by the rectangular area reading unit 613. Memory writing unit 617 that writes data to a predetermined memory address of the Lee 618, consisting of.

The text information stored in the reproduction memory 618 is displayed on a bit map display of an output device (not shown).

[0008]

However, in the case of reproducing the text information recorded on the optical disc by the above-mentioned conventional recording device, each of the character string, the font and the rectangular area written on the optical disc on the reproducing device side is reproduced. The information can be displayed on the bitmap display of the output device only after the information is read out and converted into the bitmap, the bitmap conversion requires time, and high-speed display of characters is difficult.

In particular, in a reproducing device such as game software, there is a demand for faster character development and faster character display. On the other hand, the price of the reproducing device (especially a home TV game machine) in the market. The competition is fierce and the processing speed of the IC used is limited due to cost constraints. Therefore, it takes a long time to convert the bitmap, and high-speed display of characters has a certain limit.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a medium information recording apparatus capable of displaying a character string at high speed, a reproducing apparatus therefor, and a media information display system using the same. And

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides media information created by an editing device,
A device for recording on a recording medium to be reproduced by a reproducing device, wherein the media information includes at least character string information displayed by a character code and a display area of the character string on the display screen of the reproducing device. Media information storage means for storing the media information for each type, including text information consisting of display area information to be designated, font storage means for storing a font corresponding to a character code, and the text information according to a predetermined standard. Bit map conversion instruction means for determining whether or not the bit map conversion is possible and issuing a bit map conversion instruction, and if there is the bit map conversion instruction, the font corresponding to each character code of the character string is stored in the font storage. Read out from the device, convert it to a bitmap of the size of the area indicated by the display area information, and output it. In this case, the text information, the font information used by the text information, and the display area information are output as text information conversion means, and at least the text information output from the text information conversion means. And an output information recording means for recording the information on the recording medium, thereby reducing the time and effort for bit map conversion on the reproducing device side and increasing the speed of character string display.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The invention according to claim 1 is an apparatus for recording media information created by an editing apparatus on a recording medium reproduced by a reproducing apparatus, wherein the media information is:
At least including text information consisting of character string information displayed in a character code and display area information designating a display area of the character string on the display screen of the reproduction device, and the media information for each type. Media information storage means for storing, font storage means for storing fonts corresponding to character codes, and bit map conversion for issuing a bit map conversion instruction by judging whether or not the text information can be bit map converted according to predetermined criteria. When there is an instruction means and the bitmap conversion instruction, the font corresponding to each character code of the character string is read from the font storage means and converted into a bitmap of the size of the area indicated by the display area information. If there is no such instruction, the above character string information and the font information used by this character string information It includes a text information converting means for outputting the said display area information, respectively, and output information recording means for recording the text information output from at least the text information converting means to said recording medium.

Thus, the bitmap conversion instructing means judges whether or not the text information can be converted into a bitmap according to a predetermined standard, and issues a bitmap conversion instruction.
When there is the above-mentioned bitmap conversion instruction, the text information conversion means reads the font corresponding to each character code of the character string from the font storage means, and creates a bitmap of the size of the area indicated by the display area information. Converted and output, and if there is no such instruction, the above character string information,
The operation of outputting the font information used by the character string information and the display area information, respectively, and causing the output information recording means to record at least the text information output from the text information converting means on the recording medium. Have.

In the present specification, the term "media" means a form of information transmission, that is, means for expressing characters, images, sounds, etc., and the term "media information" is used to express such means. Means the information represented. According to a second aspect of the present invention, the media information according to the first aspect comprises only the text information, and the bitmap conversion instructing means includes a display area pixel number calculation section for calculating the number of pixels of the designated display area, and A first bitmap conversion instruction generation unit that compares the number of pixels in the display area with a first threshold value and issues the bitmap conversion instruction only when the number of pixels in the display area is less than or equal to the first threshold value.

Accordingly, the display area pixel number calculation unit calculates the pixel number of the designated display area, and the first bitmap conversion instruction generation unit compares the pixel number of this display area with the first threshold value. However, the bitmap conversion instruction is issued only when the number of pixels in the display area is equal to or less than the threshold value. According to a third aspect of the present invention, the first threshold value in the second aspect is set to the total number of pixels of the display screen on the reproducing device side, and this value is compared with the number of pixels of the display area to instruct the bitmap conversion. Is determined.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the text information according to the second aspect further includes character decoration information on a character string, and the bitmap conversion instructing means sets the number of pixels in the designated display area and the character decoration. From the information, a bitmap size calculation unit that calculates the bitmap size required to display the character string of the text information as a bitmap, and the bitmap size and the second threshold value are compared. A second bitmap conversion instruction generation unit that issues the bitmap conversion instruction only when the value is equal to or less than a threshold value, and the text information conversion means, when the bitmap conversion instruction is given, each character of the character string. The font corresponding to the code is read from the font storage means, and the corresponding sentence is read from the media information storage means. Read the modification information, convert it to a bitmap of the size of the area indicated by the display area information, and output it. If there is no such instruction, the character string information and the font information used by this character string information. The display area information and the character modification information are read from the media information storage means or the font storage means and output to the output information recording means.

Thus, when the text information has modification information such as a color character for the character string, the bitmap size calculation unit determines from the number of pixels in the designated display area and the character modification information. , A bitmap size required to display the character string of the text information as a bitmap is calculated, and the second bitmap conversion instruction generating unit compares the bitmap size with the second threshold value, The bitmap conversion instruction is issued only when the size is equal to or smaller than the threshold. When there is the bitmap conversion instruction, the text information conversion means reads the font corresponding to each character code of the character string from the font storage means and the corresponding character modification information from the media information storage means. Is read out, converted into a bitmap of the size of the area indicated by the display area information and output, and when there is no instruction, the character string information and font information used by the character string information, The display area information and the character modification information are read from the media information storage means or the font storage means and output to the output information recording means.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the media information according to the first or fourth aspect further includes non-text information such as image information, and the bitmap conversion instructing means displays the text information as a bitmap. And a bitmap size required for reproducing the non-text information by adding a storage capacity required for reproducing the non-text information to obtain a reproduction required storage capacity number, a reproduction required storage capacity number and a second reproduction required storage capacity number. And a third bitmap conversion instruction generation unit that compares the threshold value and issues the bitmap conversion instruction only when the number of required storage capacities for reproduction is equal to or less than the threshold value.

As a result, the reproduction required storage capacity calculation unit
A third bitmap conversion instruction generating unit is obtained by adding the storage capacity required for reproducing the non-text information to the bitmap size required for displaying the text information as a bitmap to obtain the required storage capacity for reproduction. Has an action of comparing the number of required storage capacities with the second threshold value and issuing the bitmap conversion instruction only when the number of required storage capacities is equal to or less than the threshold value.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the second threshold value according to the fourth or fifth aspect is the memory capacity of the reproducing memory in the reproducing apparatus, and within the range not exceeding the reproducing memory on the reproducing apparatus side, This has the effect of performing bitmap conversion on text information in advance. According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for reproducing a recording medium on which media information including at least text information is recorded and displaying the reproduced information on a bitmap display, the reproducing means reproducing the recording medium, and the reproducing device. Information type judging means for judging the kind of media information, media information reading means for reading the media information for each kind according to the judgment by the information kind judging means, and a reproducing memory for reproducing in the bitmap display. ,
Bit map conversion means for converting unconverted text information that has not been bit map converted into a bitmap, and unconverted text information out of the information read by the media information reading means by the bitmap conversion means. A memory writing unit that writes the converted text information in the reproduction memory after conversion and writes the other text information converted into at least the bitmap in the reproduction memory as it is.

Thus, the media information reading means reads the media information for each type according to the judgment by the information kind judging means, and the memory writing means reads the bit out of the information read by the media information reading means. For text information that has not been converted to a map,
It has the effect of writing in the reproduction memory after being converted by the bitmap conversion means, and writing at least the other text information that has already been converted into the bitmap into the reproduction memory as it is.

According to the invention of claim 8, the unconverted text information according to claim 7 designates character string information displayed by a character code and a display area of the character string on the display screen of the bitmap display. It consists of display area information and font information related to the font used in the character string information, and the bitmap conversion means associates a font corresponding to each character code of the character string information with a bitmap in character units. The converted characters are output together with the display area information to the memory writing means, and the memory writing means, based on the display area information, converts the bitmap converted characters into a memory area corresponding to the display area of the reproduction memory. Is written in order.

As a result, the bit map conversion means converts the character string into a bit map character by character, and the reproduction memory writing means sequentially writes this font in the designated display area to perform the whole bit map conversion. Has the effect of. According to the invention of claim 9, the unconverted text information in claim 8 further has character modification information for the character string, and the bitmap conversion means corresponds to a font corresponding to each character code of the character string information. In addition to converting the data into a bitmap on a character-by-character basis based on the character modification information and outputting it to the memory writing means together with the display area information, the memory writing means, based on the display area information, displays in the display area of the reproduction memory. The bitmap-converted characters are sequentially written in the corresponding memory area.

As a result, the text information having the character modification information is converted into a bitmap in character units by the bitmap conversion means, and this is written in a predetermined area of the reproduction memory by the memory writing unit to convert the entire bitmap. Has the effect of doing. The invention of claim 10 is
The media information created by an editing device is used as the media information.
A media information display system for recording on a recording medium by the media information recording device of claim 1, reproducing the recording medium by the media information reproducing device of claim 7, and displaying it on a bitmap display.

Thus, when the media information includes text information or is only text information, only when the information amount of the text information is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold value, bitmap conversion is performed in advance and the information is recorded on the recording medium. When reproducing the text information, the reproducing device has an effect of reproducing the bit-map-converted one as it is and reproducing the text information as the bit-map converted with the bit-map converted.

The present invention will be described below based on some embodiments. <A. Recording Device> (Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a recording device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of an entire media information display system in which the recording device is used. is there.

First, the overall configuration of the media information display system in which the recording apparatus according to the present invention is used will be described. 2, the editing unit 300 includes an editing device 310, a recording device 320 that records the media information edited by the editing device 310 on a recording medium 400, and
Consists of

The editing device 310 is equipped with a keyboard, a display, an external storage device, a CPU, etc., and creates media information such as text, voice, still images, moving images, etc.
It is a known device for editing. The recording medium 400 is, for example, a writable / recordable medium such as an optical disc, an MO (magneto-optical disc), an FD (floppy disc), or the like, which is easily duplicated and mass-produced for the purpose of distribution. Is desirable.

The recording device 320 is a device for writing the output information from the editing device 310 in the recording medium 400. The recording device 320 is often incorporated in the editing device 310, but may be created as a single unit to have versatility. Further, the reproduction side unit 500 includes a reproduction device 510 and an output device 520, and the reproduction device 51
0 reads information stored in the recording medium 400, reproduces media information such as text, voice, still image, and moving image as edited by the editing device 310, and outputs the information from a bitmap display or a voice device. Output device 5
20.

The output device 520 may be integrated with the reproducing device 510, or may be the information reproduced by a game device which is a reproducing device, such as a home TV game device, on a home TV. The playback device 510 and the output device 520 may exist as individual devices, such as displaying on a screen. In such a media information display system, a large number of recording media, in which media information is written, are produced as a CD-ROM, for example, so that many users can access the media information via a relatively inexpensive recording medium. There is an advantage that can be obtained.

As shown in FIG. 1, the recording device 320 includes a character string storage unit 1, a rectangular area storage unit 2, a font storage unit 3, a rectangular area calculation unit 4, and a bitmap conversion instruction unit 5. , Text information conversion unit 6 and output information recording unit 7
Consists of The character string storage unit 1 stores the character string edited by the editing device 310 as a code.

The rectangular area storage unit 2 stores information about the rectangular area designated by the editing device 310. This rectangular area information specifies the rectangular area in which the character string is to be displayed on the display screen of the output device 520 of the reproduction side unit 500, by the coordinates in the pixel plane.
It is displayed by designating the coordinates of the two diagonal points as described later.

The font storage unit 3 stores various character fonts represented by 16 dots, for example, corresponding to character codes. The rectangular area calculation unit 4 calculates the area on the pixel plane, that is, the total number of pixels allocated to display the character string, based on the rectangular area information stored in the rectangular area storage unit 2. .

The bitmap conversion instructing section 5 compares the area of the rectangular area with a predetermined threshold value and issues an instruction to convert the character string into a bitmap only when the rectangular area is less than or equal to the threshold value. The higher this threshold is set, the larger the amount of information to be bitmap-converted in advance on the recording device 320 side becomes. Therefore, the burden of bitmap conversion on the reproducing device 510 side is reduced, and the high-speed display of characters is accordingly. Although there is an advantage that it becomes possible, it is necessary to consider the capacity of the reproducing memory (see FIG. 10) of the reproducing device 510.

In particular, when the reproducing apparatus 510 is a home TV game machine or the like, price competition in the market is severe, and a large capacity memory cannot be used from the viewpoint of cost, and as a reproducing memory for screen display, at most. In many cases, it only has the capacity for one screen. In addition, it is rare to use a character string that exceeds one screen in the game software of such a game machine, and even if it exceeds, a character string display that is faster than the speed at which the operator reads one screen of character information. Is not necessary, and in this case, it is sufficient to perform bitmap conversion on the reproducing device side as in the conventional case.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, the threshold value in the bitmap conversion instructing section 5 is the output device 520.
The display screen of the bitmap display in (
It is simply referred to as the "playback side display screen". ) Is set to the number of pixels indicating the size of one screen, and the area of the specified rectangular area (the number of pixels allocated for displaying the character string)
However, the bitmap conversion instruction unit 5 issues a bitmap conversion instruction to the text information conversion unit 6 only when the value is equal to or less than the threshold value.

The text information conversion section 6 comprises a data transmission destination switching section 61, a bitmap conversion section 62, and a table creation section 63. The rectangular area information and the character string information are input to the data transmission destination switching unit 61, and if there is the bitmap conversion instruction, the transmission destination of those information is set in the bitmap conversion unit 62, and the instruction is transmitted. If not,
Set in the table creating unit 63.

The bitmap conversion unit 62 reads the font corresponding to each code of the input character string information from the font storage unit 3, converts the font into the size of the rectangular area, and converts the bitmap converted information. Is output to the output information recording unit 7. On the other hand, the table creation unit 63
A font corresponding to the code used in the character string information is called from the font storage unit 3, and the character string information, rectangular area information, and font information are tabulated,
The reproduction device 510 outputs the information to the output information recording unit 7 in a state where it is easy to read.

The output information recording section 7 records the information output from the text information converting section 6 on a recording medium such as an optical disk 8. The operation of the recording device 320 will be described, for example, in the case where the character string information as shown in FIG. 3 is bitmap-developed in the rectangular area S shown in FIG.
The character string in FIG. 3 is actually a character code string, but is shown in a state of being converted to a font for convenience of explanation.

First, the operator uses the editing device 310 to
The character string shown in FIG. 3 is created, and this is converted into, for example, (0,
0,320,80) in the rectangular area. this is,
This means that the XY coordinate of the upper left point L of the rectangle is (0,0), and the XY coordinate of the lower right point R is (320,80). A rectangular area S for displaying a character string is specified and stored in the rectangular area storage unit 2.

Next, the rectangular area calculation unit 4 determines the area of the rectangular area stored in the rectangular area storage unit 2, that is, the total number of pixels allocated to display the character string of FIG. Calculation is performed, and the calculation result is sent to the bitmap conversion instructing unit 5. 320 * 80 = 25600 On the other hand, if the playback side display screen is 320 pixels in the horizontal direction,
If there are 240 pixels in the vertical direction, the size of the pixel plane (total number of pixels) can be expressed by a value of 320 * 240 = 76800, and this value is set in the bitmap conversion instructing unit 5 as a threshold value. It

Then, the bitmap conversion instructing section 5 compares the rectangular area (25600) with the threshold value (76800), and since the rectangular area is less than the threshold value, the data transmission destination switching section of the text information converting section 6 is compared. A bitmap conversion instruction is sent to 61. Upon receiving this bitmap conversion instruction, the data transmission destination switching unit 61 reads the character string information and the rectangular region information from the character string storage unit 1 and the rectangular region storage unit 2, respectively, and sends them to the bitmap conversion unit 62. The bitmap conversion unit 62 converts the character string information into the font storage unit 3
By using the font stored in the above, bitmap conversion is performed within the rectangular area S defined by the points L (0, 0) and R (320, 80) as shown in FIG.

The text information bit-map-converted in this way is passed through the output information recording section 7 to the optical disk 8
Will be recorded. However, the character string stored in the character string storage unit 1 is longer than the character string shown in FIG. 3, and the area of the rectangular region for displaying the character string is the threshold value of 7680.
If it exceeds 0, or if the character string remains the above example, the size of the playback side display screen is 320 * 32, for example.
= 10240, this value becomes the threshold value, and in any case, the rectangular area for displaying the character string exceeds the threshold value, and the bitmap conversion instructing unit 5
Does not output the bitmap conversion instruction.

In this case, the data transmission destination switching unit 61
Is a table creating unit 6 for the character string information and the rectangular area information.
3, the table creation unit 63 reads the font used in the character string from the font storage unit 3,
A table is formed together with the character string information and the rectangular area information, and is output to the output information recording unit 7. FIG. 5 shows the table creation unit 6
It is a figure which shows an example of the table created by 3. As shown in the figure, the X and Y coordinate values of two points L and R representing the rectangular area, the character string information indicated by the code, the character code used in the character string, A table is created by arranging the fonts corresponding to the existing character codes in order, and written into the optical disc 8 via the output information recording unit 7.

For convenience of explanation, the table of FIG. 5 also shows information other than the information sent to the output information recording unit 7, and what is actually written on the optical disk 8 is the coordinate value of the rectangular area. , SJIS, etc., character string information represented by a 4-digit hexadecimal number indicating a character represented by a character code, and bitmap data representing each character as a character code and font used in this character string information Only. (Embodiment 2) FIG. 6 is a block diagram of Embodiment 2 of a recording apparatus according to the present invention.

In this embodiment, as the text information,
In addition to the above-mentioned character string information and rectangular area information, decoration information of the character is included. As this character modification information, various kinds of information such as shading and underlining are conceivable, but in the present embodiment, changing the color of the character will be described as an example.
The basic configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the components denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same components, so the description thereof will be omitted and only the characteristic portions will be described.

The main difference from the first embodiment is that the character modification information storage unit 9 and the character color number counting unit 10 are added, and instead of the rectangular area calculation unit 4 of FIG. This is the point at which the section 11 is provided. When the operator specifies the character color of the character string in addition to the above-mentioned character string information and rectangular area information in the editing device 310,
The respective information is the character string storage unit 1 and the rectangular area storage unit 2.
It is stored in the character modification information storage unit 9.

The character modification information is given, for example, as information for designating the color of the first to the number of characters in the character string, and the character modification information storage unit 9 stores this information in the form of a table described later. Remember. The character color number counting unit 10 reads the colors stored in the character decoration information storage unit 9 and counts the number of used character colors.

The bitmap size calculation unit 11 is stored in the character string storage unit 1 based on the area of the rectangular area stored in the rectangular area storage unit 2 and the number of colors counted by the character color number counting unit 10. Calculates the bitmap size required to display the text string as a bitmap. The bitmap conversion instruction unit 12 compares the calculation result of the bitmap size calculation unit 11 with a preset threshold value, and outputs the bitmap conversion instruction only when the former is the latter or less.

In response to the bitmap conversion instruction, the data transmission destination switching unit 61 sends text information including character modification information, rectangular area information and character string information to the bitmap conversion unit 62, and the bitmap conversion unit 62. Reads the font stored in the font storage unit 3 based on the character string information, converts it into a bitmap of the size of the rectangular area S stored in the rectangular area storage unit 2, and converts it into the bitmap information. The color information is added and output to the output information recording unit 7.

On the contrary, when there is no bitmap conversion instruction, the data transmission destination switching unit 61 determines that the character modification information,
The text information including the rectangular area information and the character string information is sent to the table creation unit 63, and the table creation unit 63
Calls the font corresponding to the code used in the character string information from the font storage unit 3, tabulates it together with the rectangular area information and the color information, and reproduces it.
0 is output to the output information recording unit 7 in a state where it is easy to read.

The output information recording unit 7 records the information output from the text information conversion unit 6 on the optical disc 8. As in the case of the first embodiment, the operation in the second embodiment will be described in the case where the character string shown in FIG. 3 is displayed with the color information added in the rectangular area S shown in FIG.

First, the operator sets a rectangular area S using the editing device 310 and sets X of points L and R in the rectangular area storage unit 2.
-Store (0, 0, 320, 80) indicating the Y coordinate value. Further, when the operator also sets the character string to black by the editing device 310, for example, the first five characters are black, the sixth to fifteenth characters are red, and the subsequent characters are blue. The character decoration information storage unit 9 is tabulated and stored in the form as shown in FIG.

The left column of the table of FIG. 8 shows the position where the decoration is started by the number of bytes from the beginning of the character string. In the case of full-width Japanese, one character is represented by 2 bytes,
Since the start position of the character string is 0, the positions are 0, 10, and 30 in order. The right column of FIG. 8 shows the color of the characters in each area. R, G, B mean three primary colors of red, green, and blue, and (R, G, B) = (0,0,0)
Is black, (R, G, B) = (255,0,0) is red,
(R, G, B) = (0, 0, 255) indicates blue, respectively.

Information regarding this color is (R, G,
The value of each element of B) is not recorded on the optical disk 8 as it is, but each color is coded and recorded, and the color corresponding to the code is reproduced on the reproducing side. For example, black = (0
0), red = (01), blue = (10) are coded. The output device 520 of the reproduction side unit 500 is provided with a table of the values of each element of (R, G, B) indicating the color corresponding to the code, and is displayed in the color designated based on this table. It has become so. It is a well-known technique to reduce the amount of information necessary for transmission by encoding and transmitting the color information and restoring it on the reproducing side in this way, and therefore further description is omitted.

The character color number counting unit 10 counts the number of colors of the modification information stored in the character modification information storage unit 9. In the case of this example, since three colors are used as described above, “3” is output as the count value. The bitmap size calculator 11 calculates the capacity of the memory (bitmap size) necessary for converting the character-modified character string information into a bitmap as follows.

First, the area of the rectangular area S stored in the rectangular area storage unit 2 is calculated. 320 * 80 = 25600 Since the number of character colors used is counted as “3” by the character color number counting unit 10, it is necessary to represent the character string having the color information by using the above-mentioned encoding. Is
It can be seen that a depth of at least 2 bits per pixel is required.

Therefore, the bitmap size is 25600 * 2 = 51200 (bit), that is, 51200/8 = 6400 (byte) 6400/1024 = 6.25 (KB), and this value is stored in the bitmap conversion instructing section 12. Sent.

In the bitmap conversion instructing section 12, for example, 50 KB is preset as a threshold of the bitmap size. The value of this threshold is the playback device 510.
This is equivalent to the memory capacity of the playback memory (VRAM), and even if more text information is converted into a bitmap in advance, the reproduction side unit cannot handle it. Therefore, this threshold is set as the upper limit of bitmap conversion. To be done.

The bitmap conversion instructing section 12 calculates the result (6.25) in the bitmap size calculating section 11.
KB) and the above threshold value (50 KB) are compared. Since the former is smaller than the latter, the bitmap conversion instruction is output to the data transmission destination switching unit 61 of the text information conversion unit 6 in the subsequent stage. Upon receiving the bitmap conversion instruction, the data transmission destination switching unit 61 sends text information including character modification information, rectangular area information, and character string information to the bitmap conversion unit 62, and the bitmap conversion unit 62 causes the character conversion information. The font stored in the font storage unit 3 is read out based on the column information, converted into a rectangular size bitmap stored in the rectangular area storage unit 2, and the color information is added to the bitmap information. Output to the output information recording unit 7.

If the character string stored in the character string storage unit 1 is longer than the character string shown in FIG. 4 and the calculation result of the bitmap size exceeds 50 KB, the bitmap conversion instructing unit 12 Does not output the bitmap conversion instruction. As a result, the data transmission destination switching unit 61 sends the text information including the character decoration information, the rectangular area information and the character string information to the table creating unit 63, and the table creating unit 63 is used in the character string information. The font corresponding to the code is read from the font storage unit 3, tabulated together with the rectangular area information and the color information, and output to the output information recording unit 7 in a state in which the playback device 510 can easily read it.

The output information recording unit 7 records the information output from the text information conversion unit 6 on the optical disc 8. In this case, the contents recorded on the optical disc 8 are as shown in FIG.
The character modification information (the number of bytes indicating the modification start position and the code indicating the color) is added to the table shown in FIG.

In the case of the present embodiment, the reproduction memory in the corresponding reproduction side unit has 2b for one pixel.
It may be fixedly assigned, but if it is desired to increase the number of colors to 5 or more, it becomes impossible to reproduce, and conversely, if the number of colors is decreased, it is used. Inevitable memory is always present and inefficient. Therefore, CL is used as a reproduction memory in the reproduction side unit.
If the bit depth of the reproduction memory can be changed according to the number of colors by using a method called UT (Color Look Up Table), the memory can be effectively used.

The CLUT technique is a well-known technique (for example, Yoshio Tozawa "On a method of reducing the number of dyes in an image while maintaining high quality");
9, No. 39, pp. 1-6, 1986), and the description is omitted here. (Embodiment 3) FIG. 7 is a block diagram of Embodiment 3 of a recording apparatus according to the present invention.

In the present embodiment, in addition to the text information including the above-mentioned character string information, rectangular area information and character modification information, an image such as a moving image or a still image displayed on the playback side display screen at the same time as this text information. It is characterized in that it includes information and voice information as media information. Of these media information, the image information is a predetermined amount of information already represented by a bitmap, and the audio information is information that does not need to be converted into a bitmap in the first place. "Text information".

The basic configuration is the same as in the first and second embodiments.
The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 and FIG.
Since the same components are shown, description thereof will be omitted, and only characteristic portions will be described. The main difference from the second embodiment is that
Non-text information storage unit 13 and reproduction necessary memory addition unit 1
4 and 4 are provided.

In the recording device 322, the non-text information storage unit 13 stores the non-text information edited by the editing device 310, and the reproduction necessary memory adding unit 14 reproduces the non-text information in the reproduction side unit 500. The memory capacity required for this is calculated, and this is added to the bitmap size calculated by the bitmap size calculation unit 11 and sent to the bitmap conversion instruction unit 12.

The bit map conversion instruction section 12 outputs the bit map conversion instruction only when the addition result is less than or equal to a preset threshold value. For example, when the size of each piece of media information of non-text information obtained by the reproduction-necessary memory addition unit 14 has a value as shown in FIG. 9, the memory capacity required to reproduce the non-text information is 230 + 600 + 150. = 980 (KB), and this value is added to the bitmap size calculated by the bitmap size calculation unit 11.

When the non-text information is edited by the editing device 310, the memory capacity necessary for reproducing each information is obtained, and a table as shown in FIG. 9 is stored in the non-text information storage unit 13 in advance. , The reproduction necessary memory adding unit 14 simply reads out the numerical values in this table,
You may make it add with the calculation result of the bitmap size calculation part 11.

Now, if the bitmap size is, for example,
If it is 6.25 KB as in the second embodiment, the addition result is 6.25 + 980 = 986.25 (KB). Here, if 1024 KB is set as the threshold value in the bitmap conversion instruction unit 12, the addition result is smaller than the threshold value, so the bitmap conversion instruction unit 12 outputs the bitmap conversion instruction.

On the contrary, the character string stored in the character string storage unit 1 is long, and the calculation result of the bitmap size is
For example, in the case of 50 KB, the sum with the reproduction necessary memory adding unit 14 becomes 980 + 50 = 1030 (KB), which exceeds the threshold value of 1024 KB.

In this case, the bitmap conversion instruction unit 12
Does not output the bitmap conversion instruction. The operation in the text information conversion unit 6 depending on the presence / absence of the bitmap conversion instruction from the bitmap conversion instruction unit 12 is as follows.
This is the same as the second embodiment. Non-text information storage unit 13
The non-text information stored in and the text information output from the text information conversion unit 6 are written in predetermined locations on the optical disc 8 in the output information recording unit 7.

The threshold value set in the bitmap conversion instruction section in the above-described embodiment of the recording apparatus is the total number of pixels on the reproduction side display screen or the capacity of the reproduction memory. ,In some cases,
It may be an appropriate threshold value below them. However, it goes without saying that it is desirable to set the threshold value described above in order to reduce the load on the reproducing apparatus side by converting the bitmap into the recording apparatus side as much as possible.

In addition, in the case where the reproducing apparatus has a scrolling function and specific text information is scroll-displayed, it may be desirable to perform bitmap conversion on the reproducing apparatus side. In this case, for example, at the time of editing with the editing device, a signal that cannot be converted into a bitmap is added to the beginning of the text information, and the data transmission destination switching unit 61 reads the signal. If the amount of media information including the text information is less than or equal to the above threshold,
Even if there is a bitmap conversion instruction from the bitmap conversion instructing section, the text information may be sent to the table creating section as it is and output to the output information recording section without bitmap conversion. <B. Reproducing Device> FIG. 10 shows a recording device 322.
FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of a reproducing device 510 for reproducing the optical disc 8 recorded by (FIG. 7).

The reproducing apparatus 510 includes an optical disk reproducing section 20 for reproducing the optical disk 8, an information type judging section 21 for judging the kind of information output from the optical disk reproducing section 20, and a non-text based on the judgment result. A non-text information reading unit 22 that reads information, a text information reading unit 23 that reads text information, a memory writing unit 24 that writes each piece of information input in the form of a bit map in a reproduction memory 26 in a subsequent stage, and the text information. It is composed of a character-by-character bit map conversion unit 25 for converting an unbitmap-converted one into a bit map for each character, and a reproduction memory 26 for reproduction by the output device 520.

The non-text information reading section 22 further includes an image information reading section 221 for reading image information such as a moving image and a still image, and a voice information reading section 222 for reading voice information, and the text information reading section 23. Is a converted text information reading unit 231 for reading the text information converted into the bitmap, a character modification information reading unit 232,
The rectangular area reading unit 233, the character string reading unit 234, and the font reading unit 235 read the corresponding information.

The operation of the reproducing apparatus 510 thus constructed will be described below. The optical disc reproducing unit 20 reproduces the optical disc 8 and sends the information to the information type determining unit 21.
The information type determination unit 21 determines the type of the sent information, and sends the information to each of the non-text information reading unit 22 and the text information reading unit 23 according to the type.

The method of determining the information type here is performed by reading the recording format of the information. For example, when each information is written on the optical disk 8 in the recording device 322 (FIG. 7), the information of the information is recorded. First, an index mark indicating the type of each information is attached, and this index mark is easily read by the information type determination unit 21.

The information determined by the information type determination unit 21 is
When the information is non-text information and is image information or audio information, it is read by the image information reading unit 221 or the audio information reading unit 222, respectively, and the read information is stored in the memory writing unit. It is sent to 24 and written in a predetermined memory area in the reproduction memory 26.

On the other hand, when the information judged by the information type judging unit 21 is the text information which has already been converted into the bitmap, it is read by the converted text information reading unit 231 and is directly passed through the memory writing unit 24. hand,
It is written in the memory address corresponding to the rectangular area in the reproduction memory 26. However, when the information determined by the information type determination unit 21 is text information other than the bitmap-converted text information, that is, character modification information, rectangular area information, character string information, and font information, these are It is necessary to convert the character string into a bitmap based on the information. Therefore, these pieces of information are read by the character modification information reading unit 232, the rectangular area reading unit 233, the character string reading unit 234, and the font reading unit 235, respectively, and then sent to the character unit bitmap conversion unit 25.

The character-by-character bitmap conversion unit 25 uses the character string read by the character string reading unit 234 one by one,
The font read by the font reading unit 235 is used to convert into a bitmap including the character modification information, and the bitmap is sent to the memory writing unit 24. Memory writing unit 2
Reference numeral 4 indicates the bitmap information for each character sent from the character-based bitmap conversion unit 25 in order in the memory address in the reproduction memory 26 corresponding to the rectangular area information read by the rectangular area reading unit 233. I will write it.

The media information written in the reproduction memory 26 is reproduced on the display screen of the bitmap display of the output device 520 to display the screen as edited by the editing side unit, and the audio reproduction thereof. The device plays a predetermined sound. When the display area of the image information and the display area of the text information overlap, the memory writing unit 24 adjusts so that the text information is displayed with priority.

The reproduction memory 26 may be one in which a predetermined number of bits of a predetermined depth is assigned to one pixel of the display screen in advance, but in order to effectively use the memory, the above-mentioned CLUT (Color Look Up Tabl) is used.
It is desirable that the bit depth of the image display memory can be changed according to the number of colors and the like by the technique of e). With such a reproducing apparatus 510, it is possible to reproduce the optical disc recorded in all of the embodiments of the recording apparatus described above, but it is dedicated to the optical disc 8 recorded in the first or second embodiment. In order to make it a reproducing apparatus, the following may be done.

That is, in the case of the dedicated reproducing device of the recording device 321 of the second embodiment (FIG. 6), since non-text information such as image information and audio information is not included as the information to be reproduced, the non-text information in FIG. The text information reading unit 22 is omitted. Further, in accordance with this, the memory capacity of the reproduction memory 26 can be reduced. For example, when the character modification information is for changing the color of the character and it is three colors, 2b for each pixel as described above
Since it is necessary, at least a memory capacity of the number of bits obtained by multiplying the total number of pixels of the display screen on the reproduction side by 2 is sufficient.

In the case of a dedicated reproducing apparatus corresponding to the recording apparatus of the first embodiment (FIG. 1), the text modification information is not included in the text information to be reproduced. In addition to the information reading unit 22, the character decoration information reading unit 232 is omitted. Accordingly, the memory capacity of the reproduction memory 26 can be further reduced, and it is sufficient that at least the number of bits corresponds to the total number of pixels on the reproduction side display screen.

Further, by constructing a media information display system including an editing unit having the above-mentioned recording device, a recording medium recorded by the editing unit, and a reproducing unit having the above-mentioned reproducing device, Such an effect can be obtained. That is, when the amount of memory required to reproduce the text information edited by the editing device is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold value (the upper limit is the capacity of the reproducing side reproducing memory or the size of the reproducing side display screen). Is recorded on the recording medium in advance on the recording device side after the bitmap conversion, so it is not necessary to perform the bitmap conversion on the reproduction side, and the media information for which the length of the character string to be handled is limited,
Particularly in the field of game software and the like, the speed of character display can be increased while the memory capacity on the reproducing side remains unchanged.

[0087]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, when recording the media information including at least the text information on the recording medium, it is determined whether the bitmap conversion of the text information is possible or not according to a predetermined standard. And issues a bitmap conversion instruction, and when there is the bitmap conversion instruction, the font corresponding to each character code of the character string is read from the font storage means, and the bit of the designated display area size is read. Since it is converted to a map and output, the text information that conforms to the above criteria has already been converted into a bitmap, which reduces the time and effort for converting the text information into a bitmap in the playback device.
High-speed display of characters is possible.

According to the second aspect of the invention, when the media information to be recorded is only text information consisting of character string information and display area information, the number of pixels of the designated display area is calculated. Then, the number of pixels in the display area is compared with the first threshold value, and the bitmap conversion instruction is issued only when the number of pixels in the display area is equal to or less than the threshold value, and the bitmap conversion is performed before recording on the recording medium. The amount of text information to be bitmap-converted in advance is clearly regulated by the first threshold through the number of pixels in the display area.

According to the invention of claim 3, the first threshold value in claim 2 is set to the total number of pixels of the display screen on the reproducing apparatus side, and this value is compared with the number of pixels of the designated display area. Then, since the bitmap conversion is performed only when the latter is equal to or less than the former, the bitmap conversion is not performed in advance beyond one screen of the reproduction side display screen. The playback device is usually
Since at least one display screen of the reproduction memory is provided, high-speed character display can be realized without increasing the memory capacity on the reproduction side.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the text information to be recorded in the second aspect further includes character decoration information about a character string, and the character information is specified from the number of pixels in the designated display area and the character decoration information. , Calculates the bitmap size required to display the character string of the text information as a bitmap, compares this bitmap size with a second threshold, and only if the bitmap size is less than or equal to the threshold, Since map conversion is performed, the amount of text information to be bitmap converted in advance is clearly regulated by the second threshold value via the bitmap size required to display the text information including the character modification information.

According to the fifth aspect of the invention, in addition to the text information as the media information, non-text information such as image information is included, and the non-text information is displayed in a bitmap size necessary for displaying the text information as a bitmap. When the required storage capacity number for reproduction is calculated by adding the required storage capacity for reproducing the text information, the required storage capacity number for reproduction is compared with the second threshold value, and the required storage capacity number for reproduction is equal to or less than the threshold value. Since the text information is bit-mapped only in advance, the amount of text information to be bit-mapped in advance is clearly regulated by the second threshold value via the number of required storage capacities for reproduction.

According to the invention of claim 6, the second threshold value in claim 4 or 5 is the memory capacity of the reproducing memory in the reproducing apparatus, and thereby exceeds the reproducing memory capacity of the reproducing apparatus. In such a case, since the text information is not subjected to bitmap conversion in advance, high-speed character display can be performed within a range that does not burden the reproduction memory.

According to the invention of claim 7, there is provided a device for reproducing a recording medium on which media information including at least text information is recorded and displaying the reproduced information on a bitmap display. Judge, read the media information for each type, convert the unconverted text information that has not been bitmap converted to a bitmap and write it to the playback memory, and the other text information that has been converted to at least a bitmap. With respect to the above, since it is written in the reproduction memory as it is, the converted text information that has been bitmap-converted and the unconverted text information that has not been bitmap-converted on the recording device side are discriminated and reproduced accurately according to each state. , Especially for converted text information, because bitmap conversion is unnecessary The bitmap display can be displayed at high speed.

According to the invention of claim 8, the unconverted text information in claim 7 specifies the character string information displayed by the character code and the display area of the character string on the display screen of the bitmap display. Display area information and font information about the font used in the character string information, and the bitmap conversion means associates a font corresponding to each character code of the character string information with a bitmap in character units. And outputs to the memory writing means together with the display area information, and the memory writing means converts the bitmap into a memory area corresponding to the display area of the reproduction memory based on the display area information. Since the characters are written in order, bitmap conversion suitable for the unconverted text information can be performed.

According to the invention of claim 9, the unconverted text information in claim 8 further includes character modification information for the character string, and the bitmap conversion means converts each character code of the character string information. Corresponding fonts are converted and converted into bit maps on a character-by-character basis based on the character modification information, and output to the memory writing means together with the display area information, and the memory writing means reproduces based on the display area information. Since the bitmap-converted characters are sequentially written in the memory area corresponding to the display area of the memory, bitmap conversion suitable for the unconverted text information having the character modification can be performed.

According to the invention of claim 10, the media information created by the editing device is recorded on the recording medium by the recording device of claims 1 to 6, and the recording medium is reproduced by the reproducing device of claim 7. We provide a media information display system for displaying on an output device such as a bit map display, so when the media information contains text information or is only text information, the amount of this text information meets each prescribed standard. Only when you do, convert it to a bitmap in advance and record it on the recording medium, and the playback device
When the text information is reproduced, the bitmap-converted information can be reproduced as it is, so that the character display can be speeded up.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a recording device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an overall configuration diagram of a media information display system.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of character string information recorded in the recording device.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a display state of the character string on a reproduction side display screen.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a table in which text information is recorded in a recording medium when it is not subjected to bitmap conversion.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a second embodiment of a recording apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a third embodiment of a recording apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating stored contents of a character decoration information storage unit according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a non-text information reproduction required memory according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of a reproducing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a conventional recording apparatus.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a conventional playback device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Character string storage unit 2 Rectangular area storage unit 3 Font storage unit 4 Rectangular area calculation unit 5, 12 Bitmap conversion instruction unit 6 Text information conversion unit 7 Output information recording unit 8 Optical disc 9 Character modification information storage unit 10 Character color number count Part 11 Bitmap size calculation part 13 Non-text information storage part 14 Reproduction required memory addition part 20 Optical disk reproduction part 21 Information type determination part 22 Non-text information reading part 23 Text information reading part 24 Memory writing part 25 Character unit bitmap conversion part 26 Playback memory

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A device for recording media information created by an editing device on a recording medium to be reproduced by a reproducing device, wherein the media information is at least character string information displayed in a character code and the character. Media information storage means for storing the media information for each type, including text information consisting of display area information designating a display area on the display screen of the playback device side of the column, and a font corresponding to a character code If there is a font storage means for storing, a bitmap conversion instructing means for judging whether or not the text information can be converted into a bitmap according to a predetermined criterion, and issuing a bitmap conversion instruction, and if there is the bitmap conversion instruction, The font corresponding to each character code of the character string is read from the font storage means, and the font of the area indicated by the display area information is read. Text information that outputs the character string information, the font information used by the character string information, and the display area information when there is no such instruction. A media information recording device, comprising: a converting means; and at least an output information recording means for recording the text information output from the text information converting means on the recording medium. 2. The media information comprises only the text information, and the bitmap conversion instructing means includes a display area pixel number calculation unit for calculating the number of pixels of the designated display area, and pixels of the display area. And a first threshold value, and a first bitmap conversion instruction generation unit that issues the bitmap conversion instruction only when the number of pixels in the display area is equal to or less than the first threshold value. The media information recording device according to claim 1. 3. The media information recording apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first threshold value is the total number of pixels of the display screen on the reproducing apparatus side. 4. The text information further includes character modification information about a character string, and the bitmap conversion instructing means determines a character of the text information from the number of pixels in the designated display area and the character modification information. A bitmap size calculation unit that calculates the bitmap size required to display the column as a bitmap, and compares the bitmap size with the second threshold value, and only if the bitmap size is less than or equal to the threshold value, the bitmap A second bitmap conversion instruction generating unit for issuing a conversion instruction, wherein the text information conversion means, when there is the bitmap conversion instruction, sets the font corresponding to each character code of the character string to the font At the same time as reading from the storage means, the corresponding character decoration information is read from the media information storage means, Converted to a bitmap of the size of the area indicated by the display area information and output. If there is no such instruction, the character string information, font information used by this character string information, and the display area information 3. The media information recording apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the character modification information and the character modification information are read from the media information storage means or the font storage means and output to the output information recording means. 5. The media information further includes non-text information such as image information, and the bitmap conversion instructing means sets the non-text to the bitmap size required to display the text information as a bitmap. The required storage capacity calculation unit for obtaining the required required storage capacity number by adding the required storage capacity for reproducing information is compared with the required required storage capacity calculation section and the second threshold value to determine the required required storage capacity number. 5. The media information recording apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a third bitmap conversion instruction generation unit that issues the bitmap conversion instruction only when is less than or equal to the threshold value. 6. The media information recording apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the second threshold value is a memory capacity of a reproducing memory in the reproducing apparatus. 7. A device for reproducing a recording medium on which media information containing at least text information is recorded and displaying it on a bitmap display, and reproducing means for reproducing the recording medium, and the reproduced media information. Information type determining means for determining the type of information, media information reading means for reading the media information for each type according to the determination by the information type determining means, a reproduction memory for reproducing in the bitmap display, Bit map conversion means for converting unconverted text information that has not been map converted into a bitmap, and unconverted text information of the information read by the media information reading means is converted by the bitmap conversion means. After writing to the playback memory, At least for the converted text information to a bitmap, media information reproducing apparatus characterized by directly and a memory writing means for writing in the reproduction memory of. 8. The unconverted text information is character string information displayed in a character code, display area information designating a display area of the character string on the display screen of the bitmap display, and the character string. And a font corresponding to a font corresponding to each character code of the character string information, converting the font into a bitmap on a character-by-character basis, and displaying the display area. The information is output to the memory writing unit together with the information, and the memory writing unit sequentially writes the bitmap-converted characters in the memory area corresponding to the display area of the reproduction memory based on the display area information. The media information reproducing apparatus according to claim 7, which is characterized in that. 9. The unconverted text information further includes character modification information on the character string, and the bitmap conversion means associates a font corresponding to each character code of the character string information with the character. Convert to a bitmap character by character based on the modification information,
Output to the memory writing means together with the display area information, and the memory writing means sequentially writes the bitmap-converted characters in a memory area corresponding to the display area of the reproduction memory based on the display area information. 9. The media information reproducing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the media information reproducing apparatus is used. 10. The media information created by the editing device is recorded on a recording medium by the media information recording device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the recording medium is reproduced by the media information reproducing device according to claim 7 to be a bitmap display. A media information display system characterized by being displayed on.