JPH09113507A - Fractional concurrent measuring method for respiration of plant and photosynthesis and its device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To fractionally and concurrently measure respiration and photosynthesis by labeling the CO2 and O2 related to the photosynthesis and respiration with stable isotopes<13> C and<18> O. SOLUTION: The gas properly set and mixed from a feed gas control device 8 on the measuring conditions is fed to the gas chamber 2 of a chamber 1 storing a plant 1A to be measured through a gas inlet 4 while a solenoid valve 9 is opened and the gas flow is continuously measured by a gas flow meter 10. The gas exchanging action of the plant 1A is applied to the fed gas, and the gas mixing ratio in the gas chamber 2 is changed. The change quantity is analyzed by a detector 20, and the state of the gas exchanging action of the plant 1A is judged. The CO2 and O2 related to photosynthesis and respiration respectively are labeled by the stable isotopes<13> C and<18> O from the calibration gas 22, and the concentration and partial pressure change of<12> CO2 ,<13> CO2 ,<18> O2 ,<16> O2 , O2 are concurrently measured. The metabolism of the plant 1A can be accurately known, and stable measurement can be conducted.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for separately and simultaneously measuring respiration and photosynthesis of plants, and more particularly to a new improvement for simultaneously and separately measuring changes in gas related to respiration and photosynthesis. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventionally used measuring method and apparatus for plant respiration and photosynthesis, for example, the configuration shown in FIG. 2 is adopted. That is, what is denoted by reference numeral 1 in FIG. 2 is a chamber that contains a plant 1A that is an object to be measured, and this chamber 1 is a water tank chamber 3 in which a water tank 3a for supplying water and fertilizing the plant to be measured is placed, A gas chamber 2 filled with gas, and the water tank chamber 3 and the gas chamber 2
Is partitioned into two chambers by a partition plate 50. The chamber 1 is provided with a gas inlet 4 for inflowing gas into the gas chamber 2 and a gas outlet 5 for outflowing gas from the gas chamber 2. A fan 51 for forcibly outflowing the gas and a flow meter 52 for measuring the gas flow rate are directly connected to the gas outlet 5. A detector 20 for measuring the respiration and photosynthetic state of the plant is connected to the gas outlet 52a of the flow meter 52. A lamp 15 for irradiating the plant 1A with light is provided above the chamber 1.

Next, a method for measuring respiration and photosynthesis will be described. To measure the respiration rate of the plant 1A, O ₂ (oxygen) is caused to flow into the chamber 1 from the gas inlet 4, and the plant in the chamber 1 inhales O ₂ to generate CO ₂
The breathing state is measured by measuring the gas exchange amount, that is, the CO ₂ amount at that time. Scheme at that _{time, C 6 H 12 O 2 +} 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O ····· (1) formula. On the other hand, the photosynthesis of the plant 1A is measured by flowing CO ₂ (carbon dioxide) into the chamber 1 through the gas inlet 4 and causing the plant 1A in the chamber 1 to emit a lamp 15 above the chamber 1 to emit light. Irradiate with light. The CO ₂ absorbed there is exhausted as O ₂ , and at the same time carbon compounds such as sugars are produced. So-called photosynthesis is performed. The reaction formula at that time is represented by the formula 6CO ₂ + 6H ₂ O → C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ + 6O ₂ (2). Therefore, the amount of gas exchange in the net due to plant respiration and photosynthesis is measured by (1) calculating the balance of gas flow into and out of the chamber containing the plant to be measured from the change in flow gas concentration under constant pressure at the outlet and inlet. (2) A method of calculating from the volume of the closed chamber and the partial pressure change of the environmental component gas in the chamber. And so on. In addition, by using radioactive CO ₂ as another means, photosynthesis and respiration have been differentially measured. Furthermore, when trying to measure the state of respiration and photosynthesis at the same time, the measurement was based on the difference between the equations (1) and (2), and the measurement of CO ₂ related only to photosynthesis or respiration was impossible.

[0004]

The conventional measurement of respiration and photosynthesis of plants had the following problems because the measurement was performed by the above method. (1) It was not possible to simultaneously measure the inflow and outflow of O ₂ and CO ₂ related to photosynthesis and respiration. (2) The gas exchange between the respiratory and photosynthetic nets was measured under light irradiation, and the gas exchange due to respiration had to be measured under shaded conditions. (3) The measurement using radioactive CO ₂ is dangerous, and in addition to the difficulty of handling and the problem of half-life, the measurement method is limited.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and in particular, it separates gas exchanges related to respiration, metabolism and photosynthesis under given environmental conditions for accurate elucidation of plant physiology. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for simultaneous and differential measurement of plant respiration and photosynthesis, which are capable of performing simultaneous and simultaneous differential measurement of plant respiration and photosynthesis.

[0006]

According to the method for simultaneously measuring the respiration and photosynthesis of plants according to the present invention, a gas is supplied into the chamber in which the plants are installed, and the concentrations of O ₂ and CO ₂ are measured to measure the concentration of the plants. In a method for measuring respiration and photosynthesis of a plant, which measures respiration and photosynthesis, a gas having at least the O ₂ and CO ₂ is simultaneously supplied into the chamber, and a gas from a gas inlet and a gas outlet of the chamber is supplied. with collecting, by a label with CO ₂ and O ₂ stable isotope ¹³ C and ¹⁸ O involved in photosynthesis and respiration ¹² CO _2, ¹ of ³ CO _2, ¹⁸ O _2, ¹⁶ O ₂ and O ₂ This is a method of simultaneously measuring changes in concentration and partial pressure.

A simultaneous and simultaneous measurement apparatus for respiration and photosynthesis of plants according to the present invention supplies gas into the chamber in which the plants are installed and measures the concentrations of O ₂ and CO ₂ to measure respiration and photosynthesis of the plants. In the apparatus for measuring respiration and photosynthesis of a plant to be performed, a supply gas control device connected to a gas inlet of the chamber for simultaneously supplying a gas having at least O ₂ and CO ₂ and connected to a gas outlet of the chamber And an environmental control device for keeping the gas state in the chamber constant, and a detector connected to the gas inlet and gas outlet for analyzing / analyzing the amount of change in gas generated by the gas exchange action of the plant. And, the concentration of the gas relating to respiration and photosynthesis of the plant is simultaneously measured by the detector.

More specifically, the detector is provided with a mass spectrometer for separating and analyzing the mass of the gas, and the supply gas control device can supply a mixed gas according to the measurement conditions. It is a composition. Therefore, the concentrations of CO ₂ and O ₂ involved in photosynthesis and respiration of plants can be simultaneously analyzed using the gas at the gas inlet and gas at the chamber.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A preferred embodiment of a method for simultaneously measuring the respiration and photosynthesis of a plant and its apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a simultaneous measurement system for respiration of plants and photosynthetic fractionation according to the present invention. The same or equivalent parts as those of the conventional example will be described using the same reference numerals. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a chamber, which is a water chamber 3 in which a gas chamber 2 filled with gas and a water tank 3a for supplying / fertilizing water to a plant 1A as an object to be measured are placed. And the gas chamber 2 and the water tank chamber 3 have a gas curtain seal 6
Is divided by In the gas curtain seal 6, an inert gas is supplied to the gas curtain seal 6 by the gas environment unit 7 and circulated, and the gas in the gas chamber 2 and the water tank chamber 3 are circulated.
It is sealed so that the gas supplied to it does not mix. The gas used for the gas curtain is preferably an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon. A gas inlet 4 and a gas outlet 5 are provided in the chamber 1. At the gas inlet 4, a filter 11 for cleaning the outdoor air in the previous stage and a supply gas control device 8 for supplying various gases to the inside of the chamber 1 and an air flow meter 10 for measuring the gas supply amount, temperature and humidity. A sensor 16 for detecting pressure and pressure is provided. The gas exhausted from the gas outlet 5 of the chamber 1 circulates in the gas chamber 2 through the environment control device 12 that communicates with the sensor 16 and the illuminator 15 in an electric signal manner. The environment control device 12 controls by electric signals from the sensor 16 and the illuminator 15 to keep the measurement conditions of gas composition, atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, and illuminance constant, so that the measurement environment in the gas chamber 2 is constantly maintained. It is kept constant. Excess gas is the solenoid valve 13
Is exhausted when is opened, the exhaust amount is measured by the exhaust gas meter 14, and the exhaust gas is exhausted to the atmosphere. In the detector 20, the gas sampling device 21 collects the calibration gas 22, the outdoor air, the gas at the gas inlet 4, and the gas at the gas outlet 5, and each gas is analyzed by a multi-channel mass spectrometer. Perform quantity analysis. The detector 20 includes a gas at the gas inlet 4 and the gas outlet 5, a calibration gas 22 and an outside air 22.
A mass spectrometer 24 connected to the gas ventilation device 21 for sampling a, a combustion ventilation device 23 and an I / O interface 26 connected to the gas ventilation device 21, and an A / D interface 25 to the mass spectrometer 24. Temperature / humidity / illuminance / controlled environment factor measuring instrument 32 connected via a display, display 28, printer 29 and hard disk 3
It comprises a measurement computer 27 having 0, and a measurement / analysis unit 33 connected to the measurement computer 27 via measurement / analysis software 31. The measuring / analyzing unit 33 is configured so that the gas composition, atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, illuminance, wavelength, etc. can be measured / analyzed using known means.

Next, the simultaneous measurement method of plant and photosynthetic fractionation will be described. The gas mixed appropriately set to the measurement conditions by the supply gas control device 8 is opened by opening the solenoid valve 9 to continuously measure the set air supply amount per minute by the air supply meter 10, and the sensor 1
The gas temperature, humidity and pressure are continuously monitored by 6 and supplied to the gas chamber 2 of the chamber 1 containing the plant to be measured from the gas inlet 4. The supply gas is nitrogen 7 which is a component of air.
8.1% Oxygen 20.9%, Argon 0.9%, Carbon Dioxide 0.03% and Neon 0.002% can be supplied by mixing the same supply gas as the air component and measuring the gas mixture ratio. It is possible to supply by changing the setting according to the conditions. The gas chamber 2
The gas supplied to the gas chamber 2 changes the gas mixing ratio in the gas chamber 2 due to the gas exchange action of the plant to be measured contained in the gas chamber 2. The amount of change is analyzed and analyzed by the detector 20 to determine the state of gas exchange action of the plant to be measured. The plant 1
In order to measure the respiratory action of A, the measurement is performed without irradiating light from the illuminator. Scheme at that _{time, C6H 12 O 6 + 6O 2} → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O ····· (3) is a formula. In order to measure the photosynthesis of the plant, light is irradiated from an illuminator to the plant to be measured. The reaction formula at that time is as follows: 6CO ₂ + 6H ₂ O → C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ + 6O ₂ (4) Simultaneous measurement of respiration and photosynthesis of the plant 1A absorbs carbon dioxide when photosynthesis is performed. However, when breathing is performed, carbon dioxide is released. Therefore, photosynthesis and respiration
It can be considered in place of absorption of O ₂ and emission of CO ₂ . Since plants need light for photosynthesis, they do not perform photosynthesis in the absence of light. In other words, it can be said that the plants generally perform photosynthesis during the daytime and breathe at night. However, strictly speaking, he is always breathing while performing photosynthesis. With or without light CO ₂ absorption and CO ₂
Ratio of release is that it changes, also, O ₂
It also means that the ratio of absorption of O ₂ and emission of O ₂ changes. The amount of CO ₂ issued by respiration, when the amount of CO ₂ absorbed by photosynthesis became exactly the same, while the plant respiration, photosynthesis also done, nor absorb unless the CO ₂ to be discharged State, that is, the compensation point. The stronger the light, the better the photosynthesis. However, CO ₂ emissions by respiration and CO ₂ mass by photosynthesis is to be absorbed hides therein, if the light is strong, the plant appears to have done only absorption of CO ₂ . On the other hand, in the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration, focusing on carbon compounds such as sugar, which is an important substance, carbon compounds are synthesized by photosynthesis and decomposed by respiration. Therefore, plants that perform both photosynthesis and respiration consume while producing.
The phenomenon observed when plants are performing photosynthesis is the formation of A A carbon compounds. B Carbon dioxide is absorbed. C Oxygen comes out. And so on. Therefore, as a method for separately measuring respiration and photosynthesis, CO ₂ and O ₂ related to photosynthesis and respiration respectively.
Is labeled with stable isotopes ¹³ C and ¹⁸ O from the calibration gas 22 to obtain ¹² CO ₂ , ¹³ CO ₂ , ¹⁸ O ₂ and ¹⁶ O ₂ ,
It is possible to simultaneously measure the O ₂ concentration and the partial pressure change. The reaction formula is photosynthetic ^{_{6 13 CO 2 + 6H 2 O}} → 13 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 ····· (5) type ^{_{or, 6CO 2 + 6H 2 18 O}} → C 6 H 12 O 6 +6 18 O ¹⁶ O ^····· (6) breathing _{C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O} 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O ····· (7) formula the O ¹⁸ to O ₂ in the air, and the O ¹⁶ was added In the case, photosynthesis 6CO ₂ + 6H ₂ O → C ₆ H ₂ O + 6O ₂ breathing C ₆ H ₂ O ₆ + 6O ¹⁸ · O ¹⁶ → 3 (CO ₂ + CO ¹⁸ C ¹⁶ ) +3 (H ₂ O ¹⁸ + H ₂ O ¹⁶ ). Becomes

[0011]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION Since the plant simultaneous respiration and photosynthesis simultaneous measurement method and apparatus according to the present invention are configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained. That is, CO ₂ and O ₂ related to photosynthesis and respiration can be simultaneously measured by collecting gas from the gas inlet and the gas outlet, and it becomes possible to accurately know the metabolism of the plant. In addition, stable measurement without danger can be achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an apparatus for simultaneously measuring the respiration and photosynthesis of plants according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a conventional device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Chamber 1A Plant 4 Gas Inlet 5 Gas Outlet 8 Supply Gas Control Device 20 Detector 24 Mass Spectrometer

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A gas is supplied into a chamber (1) provided with a plant (1A), and the concentrations of O ₂ and CO ₂ are measured to measure the plant (1).
In the method of respiration and photosynthesis of plants so as to measure the respiration and photosynthesis A), at least the O ₂ and C
A gas containing O ₂ is simultaneously supplied into the chamber (1), and a gas inlet (4) and a gas outlet (5) of the chamber (1) are supplied.
¹² CO ₂ , ¹³ CO ₂ , ¹⁸ O ₂ , ¹⁶ O ₂ and O by collecting CO ₂ and O ₂ related to photosynthesis and respiration and labeling them with stable isotopes ¹³ C and ¹⁸ O. _A method for simultaneously measuring the respiration and photosynthesis of plants, which comprises simultaneously measuring changes in the concentration and partial pressure of ₂ . 2. A gas is supplied into a chamber (1) provided with a plant (1A), and the concentrations of O ₂ and CO ₂ are measured to measure the plant (1).
In a plant (1A) respiration and photosynthesis measuring device adapted to perform respiration and photosynthesis of (A), a gas having at least O ₂ and CO ₂ connected to a gas inlet (4) of the chamber (1) is supplied. Supply gas control device for simultaneous supply (8)
An environmental control device (12) connected to the gas outlet (5) of the chamber (1) for keeping the gas state in the chamber (1) constant, the gas inlet (4) and the gas outlet (5 ) Is connected to the above-mentioned plant (1A) a detector (20) for analyzing / analyzing the amount of change in the gas produced by the gas exchange action, and the plant (1A) of the detector (20). An apparatus for simultaneously measuring the respiration and photosynthesis of a plant, which simultaneously measures the concentration of the gas relating to respiration and photosynthesis. 3. The detector (20) is provided with a mass spectrometer (24) for classifying and analyzing the mass of the gas, and the supply gas control device (8) is a mixed gas according to the measurement conditions. The method for simultaneously determining the respiration and photosynthesis of a plant according to claim 2, wherein the method is capable of supplying the above.