JPH0889165A - Method for treating cow milk or the like - Google Patents
Method for treating cow milk or the likeInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0889165A JPH0889165A JP23116494A JP23116494A JPH0889165A JP H0889165 A JPH0889165 A JP H0889165A JP 23116494 A JP23116494 A JP 23116494A JP 23116494 A JP23116494 A JP 23116494A JP H0889165 A JPH0889165 A JP H0889165A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- milk
- membrane
- reverse osmosis
- heat
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、牛乳または乳製品液を
耐熱性逆浸透複合膜スパイラルモジュールを用いて濃縮
する牛乳等の処理方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for treating milk or the like in which milk or a dairy product liquid is concentrated using a heat-resistant reverse osmosis composite membrane spiral module.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】牛乳または乳製品液を濃縮する方法とし
て蒸発缶を使用することが多い。近年、平膜型逆浸透膜
モジュールを濃縮分離手段として使用することもある。
しかし、上記蒸発缶操作において、希薄溶液からの大量
の水分を蒸発させるためには、大量の熱エネルギーが必
要であり、運転コストが大きくなる。さらに、蒸発操作
を伴うために装置が大きくなり、初期の設備コストや設
置スペースが大きくなる。また、液温６０℃を超える濃
縮過程のため蛋白質の変性が進み、製品の品質を維持で
きなることがある。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Evaporators are often used as a method of concentrating milk or milk product liquids. In recent years, a flat membrane type reverse osmosis membrane module may be used as a concentration and separation means.
However, in the above evaporator operation, in order to evaporate a large amount of water from the dilute solution, a large amount of thermal energy is required, which increases the operating cost. Further, the apparatus becomes large due to the evaporation operation, and the initial equipment cost and installation space increase. Further, due to the concentration process in which the liquid temperature exceeds 60 ° C., protein denaturation may proceed, and the product quality may not be maintained.
【０００３】上記平膜型逆浸透膜モジュールを用いる膜
分離方法は、熱エネルギーを必要とせず、且つ連続的に
濃縮分離操作ができるので、食品ほか、種々の産業分野
で、広く実用化されている。従って、従来の蒸発缶操作
における運転コストの問題点が解決され、さらに、常温
での濃縮操作が出来るため熱による蛋白質の変性が起き
ることがない。The membrane separation method using the flat membrane type reverse osmosis membrane module does not require heat energy and can be continuously concentrated and separated. Therefore, it is widely put to practical use in various industrial fields such as foods. There is. Therefore, the problem of the operating cost in the conventional evaporator operation is solved, and further, since the concentration operation can be performed at room temperature, protein denaturation due to heat does not occur.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、上記平膜型
逆浸透膜モジュールでは、液温が常温もしくは低温での
運転であるため透過流束が小さくなり、一定の処理量を
こなすためには、大きな分離膜面積が必要となり、分離
膜装置が大きくなる。この結果、上記蒸発缶以上に初期
の設備コストや設置スペースが大きくなることもある。However, in the above flat membrane type reverse osmosis membrane module, since the liquid temperature is operated at room temperature or low temperature, the permeation flux becomes small, and in order to achieve a constant throughput, A large separation membrane area is required, and the separation membrane device becomes large. As a result, the initial equipment cost and installation space may become larger than those of the evaporator.
【０００５】膜分離処理において、被処理原液濃縮処理
を長時間にわたって行った場合、該原液供給側の膜面に
タンパク質、糖類、微生物等の所謂ファウリング物質が
沈着堆積し、膜分離装置の透過流束と分離効率の低下を
招くという問題がある。牛乳または乳製品液濃縮の膜分
離処理においては、タンパク質、脂肪類等が堆積し、経
時的に膜分離装置の透過流束と分離効率を著しく低下さ
せる。膜分離性能を回復するためには、膜面に沈着した
ファウリング物質を除去する必要があり、その除去には
洗浄用薬品を使うことが多い。ところが、食品ラインに
使用するために、薬品洗浄後の平膜型逆浸透膜モジュー
ル内に残った洗浄用薬品を完全に排出するには多大の時
間、洗浄水や洗浄水循環用のエネルギーを要する。In the membrane separation treatment, when the stock solution to be treated is concentrated for a long time, so-called fouling substances such as proteins, sugars and microorganisms are deposited and deposited on the membrane surface of the stock solution supply side, and permeation of the membrane separation device occurs. There is a problem that the flux and the separation efficiency are lowered. In the membrane separation process for concentrating milk or dairy liquid, proteins, fats and the like are deposited, and the permeation flux and the separation efficiency of the membrane separator are remarkably reduced over time. In order to recover the membrane separation performance, it is necessary to remove the fouling substance deposited on the membrane surface, and a cleaning chemical is often used for the removal. However, for use in a food line, it takes a great deal of time and energy for circulation of cleaning water to completely discharge the cleaning chemical remaining in the flat membrane type reverse osmosis membrane module after chemical cleaning.
【０００６】本発明は、上記の課題を解決するためにな
されたものであって、蛋白質の変性がない温度範囲にお
ける高透過流束の膜分離処理方法であり、運転コストと
設備コストが低く抑えられ、小さい設置スペースで対応
できる牛乳等の処理方法を提供する。また、洗浄用薬品
を用いることなく、あるいは用いたとしても、ごく少量
を用いることにより、膜面に沈着したファウリング物質
を簡単に除去できる牛乳等の処理方法を提供する。The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and is a membrane separation treatment method of high permeation flux in a temperature range where protein denaturation does not occur, and the operating cost and equipment cost are kept low. The present invention provides a method for treating milk or the like that can be handled in a small installation space. Further, the present invention provides a method for treating milk or the like which can easily remove the fouling substance deposited on the membrane surface by using a very small amount without using a cleaning chemical.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の牛乳等の処理方
法は、牛乳または乳製品液を液温４０℃以上で耐熱性逆
浸透複合膜スパイラルモジュールを用いて濃縮する構成
であって、好ましくは、上記耐熱性逆浸透複合膜スパイ
ラルモジュールを液温６０℃以上で熱水殺菌する洗浄工
程を含む構成である。また、上記牛乳は全乳であり、乳
製品液は脱脂乳、乳清または牛乳より加工された液体で
あることが好ましい構成である。The method for treating milk and the like according to the present invention is preferably configured such that milk or dairy product liquid is concentrated at a liquid temperature of 40 ° C. or higher using a heat-resistant reverse osmosis composite membrane spiral module. Is a configuration including a cleaning step of sterilizing the heat resistant reverse osmosis composite membrane spiral module with hot water at a liquid temperature of 60 ° C. or higher. Further, it is preferable that the milk is whole milk, and the dairy product liquid is a liquid processed from skim milk, whey or milk.
【０００８】牛乳の主な成分は、水分、蛋白質、脂肪、
炭水化物および無機質であって、その他にビタミン、酵
素、色素及びその他の微量成分が存在している。牛乳中
の炭水化物はほとんどが乳糖であるため、炭水化物のか
わりに乳糖と言うことが多い。牛乳を処理して脂肪の多
い部分を区別した場合に、これをクリームといい、残り
を脱脂乳という。脱脂乳に対して、もとの牛乳を全乳と
呼ぶ。脱脂乳は不溶性蛋白質と透明の乳清からなり、さ
らに、乳清は可溶性蛋白質と乳糖からなる。上記牛乳よ
り加工された液体とは、乳清から可溶性蛋白質もしくは
乳糖を分離した残液を示す。The main components of milk are water, protein, fat,
Carbohydrates and minerals, along with other vitamins, enzymes, pigments and other minor constituents. Most of the carbohydrates in milk are lactose, so lactose is often used instead of carbohydrates. When milk is processed to distinguish the high-fat part, this is called cream, and the rest is skimmed milk. For skim milk, the original milk is called whole milk. Skim milk is composed of insoluble protein and transparent whey, and whey is composed of soluble protein and lactose. The above-mentioned liquid processed from milk means a residual liquid obtained by separating soluble protein or lactose from whey.
【０００９】牛乳は殺菌等を実施して、濃縮工程を経る
ことなく市販の牛乳とすることができる。上記乳清や濃
縮した乳清等を全乳に混合して、無機質が豊富な牛乳を
作る等の場合の成分濃度を制御する技術として濃縮が行
われる。また、上記牛乳より加工された液体や濃縮した
脱脂乳あるいは濃縮した乳清を用いて、新製品の展開に
つなぐ方法としても本発明が用いられる。さらに、牛乳
等は、濃縮することにより容積が小さくなるので、輸送
時あるいは保管時の物流面で、空間的、経済的メリット
が大きい。Milk can be sterilized to obtain commercially available milk without a concentration step. Concentration is performed as a technique for controlling the concentration of components in the case of making milk rich in minerals by mixing the above whey or concentrated whey with whole milk. The present invention can also be used as a method for connecting to the development of new products by using a liquid processed from the above milk, concentrated skim milk, or concentrated whey. Further, milk or the like has a large volume in terms of physical distribution in transportation or storage because it has a small volume by being concentrated.
【００１０】本発明において用いる牛乳または乳製品液
の液温は４０℃以上であって、通常６０℃以下で処理す
ることにより、蛋白質の変性を軽減することができ、牛
乳または乳製品液の品質を保証することができる。但
し、６０℃を越えるような高い液温であっても、高温に
さらされる時間や用いる牛乳または乳製品液がもつ耐熱
性によっては、蛋白質の変性を増大させることなく処理
することもできる。例えば、可溶性蛋白質を分離した乳
糖含有液の濃縮では８０℃を越える液温で処理すること
もできるので、用いる牛乳または乳製品液の液温は熱エ
ネルギー費、装置材料の耐熱性、用いる牛乳または乳製
品液がもつ耐熱性や粘度と膜透過速度との関係などを考
慮して、適宜４０℃以上の液温が決められる。また、４
０℃以上で処理することにより、処理中の雑菌汚染によ
る腐敗も抑えられる。The milk or milk product liquid used in the present invention has a liquid temperature of 40 ° C. or higher, and by treating it at 60 ° C. or lower, protein denaturation can be reduced and the quality of the milk or milk product liquid can be reduced. Can be guaranteed. However, even if the liquid temperature is as high as more than 60 ° C., depending on the time of exposure to high temperature and the heat resistance of the milk or dairy product liquid used, the treatment can be carried out without increasing the denaturation of protein. For example, the concentration of the lactose-containing liquid from which the soluble protein has been separated can be treated at a liquid temperature exceeding 80 ° C. Therefore, the liquid temperature of the milk or dairy product liquid used is heat energy cost, heat resistance of the equipment material, milk used or The liquid temperature of 40 ° C. or higher is appropriately determined in consideration of the heat resistance of the dairy liquid and the relationship between the viscosity and the membrane permeation rate. Also, 4
By treating at 0 ° C. or higher, spoilage due to contamination of miscellaneous bacteria during treatment can be suppressed.
【００１１】本発明において用いる耐熱性逆浸透複合膜
スパイラルモジュールは、膜及びモジュール部材が耐熱
性を有しているため、４０℃以上で処理することがで
き、本発明では、耐熱性逆浸透複合膜スパイラルモジュ
ールを液温６０℃以上で熱水殺菌する洗浄工程を含むこ
とにより、耐熱性逆浸透複合膜スパイラルモジュールの
膜分離性能を速やかに回復させる。本発明で用いる洗浄
工程は、通常、純水洗浄（室温）工程、アルカリもしく
は酸性水溶液を使用する薬品洗浄工程、熱水殺菌工程及
び純水洗浄（室温）工程とからなる。熱水殺菌工程にお
いて薬品洗浄工程後に残存する乳脂肪成分等の溶解を促
進する。また、薬品洗浄工程を含まない洗浄であって
も、熱水殺菌工程を含めることにより薬品洗浄の目的を
達成できることもある。例えば、１０回の洗浄工程にお
いて、１回は薬品洗浄工程を含むが残り９回は薬品洗浄
工程を含まない洗浄であっても熱水殺菌工程を含めるこ
とにより充分に薬品洗浄の目的を達成できる。また、用
いる牛乳または乳製品液の性状によっては、１度の薬品
洗浄工程を含むことなく熱水洗浄することにより薬品洗
浄の目的を達成できる。The heat-resistant reverse osmosis composite membrane spiral module used in the present invention can be processed at 40 ° C. or higher because the membrane and the module member have heat resistance. By including the washing step of sterilizing the membrane spiral module with hot water at a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher, the membrane separation performance of the heat-resistant reverse osmosis composite membrane spiral module is quickly restored. The cleaning process used in the present invention usually comprises a pure water cleaning (room temperature) process, a chemical cleaning process using an alkaline or acidic aqueous solution, a hot water sterilization process and a pure water cleaning (room temperature) process. In the hot water sterilization step, the dissolution of milk fat components and the like remaining after the chemical washing step is promoted. Even if the cleaning does not include the chemical cleaning step, the purpose of the chemical cleaning may be achieved by including the hot water sterilization step. For example, even if 10 cleaning steps include a chemical cleaning step once and the remaining 9 cleaning steps do not include a chemical cleaning step, the purpose of chemical cleaning can be sufficiently achieved by including a hot water sterilization step. . Further, depending on the properties of the milk or dairy product liquid to be used, the purpose of chemical cleaning can be achieved by performing hot water cleaning without including a single chemical cleaning step.
【００１２】本発明において用いる耐熱性逆浸透複合膜
スパイラルモジュールは、例えばスルホン化ポリエーテ
ルスルホン系、ポリビニルアルコール系もしくはポリア
ミド系複合膜が挙げられる。膜材料以外のモジュール部
材は、ポリスルホン、エポキシ、ポリフェニレンサルフ
ァイド等の耐熱性材料により構成される。本発明におい
て用いる耐熱性逆浸透複合膜スパイラルモジュールの塩
阻止率は、濃縮の目的や対象とする被処理原液、即ち牛
乳等の物性等によって異なるが、概ね 0.15%NaCl水溶液
において操作圧力１０ｋｇ／cm2 で阻止率は１０〜９
９.5％のものが、好適に用いられる。The heat-resistant reverse osmosis composite membrane spiral module used in the present invention includes, for example, a sulfonated polyethersulfone-based, polyvinyl alcohol-based or polyamide-based composite membrane. The module members other than the membrane material are made of a heat resistant material such as polysulfone, epoxy, polyphenylene sulfide. The salt rejection rate of the heat-resistant reverse osmosis composite membrane spiral module used in the present invention varies depending on the purpose of concentration and the target stock solution to be treated, that is, the physical properties of milk and the like, but the operating pressure is approximately 10 kg / cm in 0.15% NaCl aqueous solution. 2 , the blocking rate is 10-9
Those of 9.5% are preferably used.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の効果】以上のように、本発明によれば、牛乳ま
たは乳製品液を液温４０℃以上で耐熱性逆浸透複合膜ス
パイラルモジュールを用いて濃縮するので、常温や低温
での膜分離濃縮に較べて透過流束が増大し、濃縮された
牛乳または乳製品液を効率よく得ることができる。さら
に蛋白質の変性を抑えた温度で濃縮工程を進めるので牛
乳または乳製品液の品質を保証することができ、膜面積
が小さくても所定量を処理できるので初期の設備コスト
が小さく、かつ従来用いられる平膜モジュールよりもホ
ールドアップが少ないため洗浄操作や膜交換作業が容易
に完了することができる。従って、運転コストも小さ
い。また、熱水殺菌ができるので、洗浄時に薬品を使わ
ずに、あるいは少量の薬品を使うだけで殺菌と膜分離性
能回復を容易に達成することができる。この結果、洗浄
工程の時間短縮や薬品コストなどの経済メリットを生む
ことができる。さらに、本発明の処理方法で得られる耐
熱性逆浸透複合膜スパイラルモジュールの透過液は、牛
乳由来の細胞水のため、カルシウム等のミネラル分を多
く含む清水であるので、新製品につながる飲料用として
供することができる。As described above, according to the present invention, milk or dairy product liquid is concentrated at a liquid temperature of 40 ° C. or higher using a heat-resistant reverse osmosis composite membrane spiral module, so that the membrane separation at room temperature or low temperature is performed. The permeation flux is increased as compared with concentration, and concentrated milk or milk product liquid can be efficiently obtained. Furthermore, since the concentration process is carried out at a temperature that suppresses protein denaturation, the quality of milk or dairy product liquid can be guaranteed, and even if the membrane area is small, a predetermined amount can be processed, so the initial equipment cost is low and it can be used conventionally. Since the hold-up is smaller than that of the flat membrane module that is used, the cleaning operation and the membrane exchange operation can be completed easily. Therefore, the operating cost is small. Further, since hot water sterilization can be performed, sterilization and recovery of membrane separation performance can be easily achieved without using chemicals during cleaning or by using a small amount of chemicals. As a result, economic advantages such as shortening the cleaning process time and chemical costs can be produced. Furthermore, since the permeate of the heat-resistant reverse osmosis composite membrane spiral module obtained by the treatment method of the present invention is cell water derived from milk, it is fresh water containing a large amount of minerals such as calcium, so that it can be used for beverages leading to new products. Can be used as
【００１４】[0014]
【実施例】以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、
本発明はこれら実施例により何ら限定されるものではな
い。The present invention will be described below with reference to examples.
The present invention is not limited to these examples.
【００１５】実施例１ 耐熱性逆浸透複合膜スパイラルモジュール（日東電工製
膜材質：ポリアミド、型式：ＮＴＲ−７５９ＨＧ−Ｓ
４Ｆ、性能： 0.15%NaCl水溶液において操作圧力１５ｋ
ｇ／cm2 で３０分間循環運転後の性能が、透過速度は７
ton/day , 阻止率は９９.5％。）を用いて、市販の牛乳
（乳脂肪３.5％原液）５０Ｌを温度４０℃、循環流量２
０Ｌ／min,操作圧力２０ｋｇ／cm2 で２倍まで濃縮処理
をしたところ、処理開始時には透過速度は０.60 L/min
であった。比較のために液温を１０℃に下げて濃縮を行
ったところ、処理開始時には透過速度は０.47 L/min で
あった。Example 1 Heat-resistant reverse osmosis composite membrane spiral module (manufactured by Nitto Denko, membrane material: polyamide, model: NTR-759HG-S
4F, Performance: Operating pressure 15k in 0.15% NaCl aqueous solution
The performance after circulating operation at 30 g / cm 2 for 30 minutes has a permeation rate of 7
Ton / day, blocking rate is 99.5%. ), 50 L of commercially available milk (milk fat 3.5% stock solution) at a temperature of 40 ° C. and a circulation flow rate of 2
When the concentration was doubled at 0 L / min and operating pressure of 20 kg / cm 2 , the permeation rate was 0.60 L / min at the start of the treatment.
Met. For comparison, when the liquid temperature was lowered to 10 ° C. and concentration was carried out, the permeation rate was 0.47 L / min at the start of the treatment.
【００１６】実施例２ 被処理牛乳の温度を６０℃に換えた以外は実施例１と同
様にして濃縮処理をしたところ、処理開始時には透過速
度は１.28 L/min であった。Example 2 The concentration treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature of the milk to be treated was changed to 60 ° C., and the permeation rate at the start of treatment was 1.28 L / min.
【００１７】実施例３ 被処理牛乳を希釈した市販の牛乳（乳脂肪３.5％原液２
倍希釈）に換えた以外は実施例１と同様にして３倍まで
濃縮したところ、処理開始時には透過速度は１.33 L/mi
n であった。比較のために液温を１０℃に下げて濃縮を
行ったところ、処理開始時には透過速度は１.10 L/min
であった。Example 3 Commercially available milk diluted with milk to be treated (milk fat 3.5% stock solution 2)
It was concentrated to 3 times in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the permeation rate was 1.33 L / mi at the start of the treatment.
It was n. For comparison, when the solution temperature was lowered to 10 ℃ and concentration was performed, the permeation rate at the start of the treatment was 1.10 L / min.
Met.
【００１８】実施例４ 熱水殺菌による効果を評価するために、牛乳中の生菌数
を測定した。なお、測定方法は、ＭＦ法（ＪＩＳ工業用
水 Ｋー０１０１、日本薬局方に依る）に従い、培養温
度３０℃、７日培養とした。実施例１における濃縮処理
前の牛乳中の生菌数は２５（CFU/mL) （CFU:COLONYFORM
ING UNIT)、濃縮処理後は３０（CFU/mL) 、９０℃の純
水を用いた１０分間の循環運転による熱水洗浄後は洗浄
水中の生菌数は１（CFU/mL) であった。比較例として、
実施例１と同様に１０℃の操作を行ったところ、濃縮処
理前の牛乳中の生菌数は２８（CFU/mL) 、濃縮処理後は
３５（CFU/mL) 、２０℃の純水を用いた１０分間の循環
運転による水洗後は洗浄水中の生菌数はに１８０（CFU/
mL) であった。本発明の熱水殺菌は殺菌能力を充分に備
えていることがわかる。Example 4 To evaluate the effect of hot water sterilization, the number of viable bacteria in milk was measured. The measuring method was according to the MF method (JIS industrial water K-0101, according to the Japanese Pharmacopoeia), and the culture temperature was 30 ° C. and the culture was carried out for 7 days. The viable cell count in the milk before the concentration treatment in Example 1 was 25 (CFU / mL) (CFU: COLONYFORM
ING UNIT), the concentration was 30 (CFU / mL), and the number of viable bacteria in the wash water was 1 (CFU / mL) after hot water washing by circulating operation for 10 minutes using pure water at 90 ° C. . As a comparative example,
When the operation was performed at 10 ° C in the same manner as in Example 1, the number of viable bacteria in the milk before the concentration treatment was 28 (CFU / mL), 35 (CFU / mL) after the concentration treatment, and pure water at 20 ° C was used. After washing with water for 10 minutes, the number of viable bacteria in the wash water was 180 (CFU /
mL). It can be seen that the hot water sterilization of the present invention has sufficient sterilization ability.
【００１９】実施例５ 熱水殺菌による洗浄効果を評価するために、透過流束を
測定した。実施例１と同様にして、同じ耐熱性逆浸透複
合膜スパイラルモジュールを用い、市販の牛乳を２倍ま
で濃縮処理をしたのちに、室温による水洗浄、室温によ
る薬品と水洗浄及び熱水殺菌の３通りの洗浄をおこなっ
た。その結果を表１に示した。Example 5 The permeation flux was measured in order to evaluate the cleaning effect by hot water sterilization. Using the same heat-resistant reverse osmosis composite membrane spiral module as in Example 1, after concentrating commercially available milk up to 2 times, it was washed with water at room temperature, washed with chemicals and water at room temperature, and sterilized with hot water. Washing was carried out in three ways. The results are shown in Table 1.
【表１】 表１から明らかなように、薬品を使わない熱水殺菌工程
だけであっても、膜透過性能は回復していることが分か
る。[Table 1] As is clear from Table 1, the membrane permeation performance is recovered even in the hot water sterilization step without using any chemical.
Claims (3)
熱性逆浸透複合膜スパイラルモジュールを用いて濃縮す
ることを特徴とする牛乳等の処理方法。1. A method for treating milk or the like, which comprises concentrating milk or a dairy product liquid at a liquid temperature of 40 ° C. or higher using a heat-resistant reverse osmosis composite membrane spiral module.
を液温６０℃以上で熱水殺菌する洗浄工程を含むことを
特徴とする請求項１記載の牛乳等の処理方法。2. The method for treating milk or the like according to claim 1, further comprising a washing step of sterilizing the heat-resistant reverse osmosis composite membrane spiral module with hot water at a liquid temperature of 60 ° C. or higher.
清または牛乳より加工された液体であることを特徴とす
る請求項１記載の牛乳等の処理方法。3. The method for treating milk and the like according to claim 1, wherein the milk is whole milk and the dairy product liquid is a liquid processed from skim milk, whey or milk.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23116494A JP3279836B2 (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1994-09-27 | Processing method of milk etc. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23116494A JP3279836B2 (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1994-09-27 | Processing method of milk etc. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0889165A true JPH0889165A (en) | 1996-04-09 |
| JP3279836B2 JP3279836B2 (en) | 2002-04-30 |
Family
ID=16919320
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23116494A Expired - Fee Related JP3279836B2 (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1994-09-27 | Processing method of milk etc. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3279836B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009540863A (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2009-11-26 | ザ グッド カウ カンパニー | Milk heat treatment method |
| US9161657B2 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2015-10-20 | Wmf Württembergische Metall Warenfabrik Ag | Coffee machine |
| EP3834619A1 (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-16 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | A method for producing a heat-treated concentrated dairy product |
-
1994
- 1994-09-27 JP JP23116494A patent/JP3279836B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9161657B2 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2015-10-20 | Wmf Württembergische Metall Warenfabrik Ag | Coffee machine |
| JP2009540863A (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2009-11-26 | ザ グッド カウ カンパニー | Milk heat treatment method |
| EP3834619A1 (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-16 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | A method for producing a heat-treated concentrated dairy product |
| WO2021116421A1 (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-17 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | A method for producing a heat-treated concentrated dairy product |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3279836B2 (en) | 2002-04-30 |
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