JPH0874579A - Combustion chamber structure of diesel engine - Google Patents
Combustion chamber structure of diesel engineInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0874579A JPH0874579A JP6212316A JP21231694A JPH0874579A JP H0874579 A JPH0874579 A JP H0874579A JP 6212316 A JP6212316 A JP 6212316A JP 21231694 A JP21231694 A JP 21231694A JP H0874579 A JPH0874579 A JP H0874579A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- combustion
- combustion chamber
- cylindrical
- stepped
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、１つのシリンダヘッド
に２本以上の燃料噴射ノズルが噴射する大型ディーゼル
機関の燃焼室構造に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a combustion chamber structure of a large diesel engine in which two or more fuel injection nozzles are injected into one cylinder head.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来の大型ディーゼル機関の燃焼室は、
ピストンの頂部に窪みを設けており、該ピストン頂部の
窪みと、円筒状のシリンダが構成する側壁部とシリンダ
ヘッドの底面部が構成する空間により、燃焼室を構成し
ていたのである。しかし、ＮＯｘの低減の為には、燃焼
中期において一気の高温燃焼の発生を抑制するのが効果
的であり、この為にノズルから壁面までの距離を小さく
したいが、ロングストロークの場合には、ピストンの下
降によりこの距離が大きくなるのである。この点を解消
する為に、ピストンが下降してもノズルから壁面までの
距離を小さくできる燃焼室と噴射系が必要になるのであ
る。2. Description of the Related Art The combustion chamber of a conventional large diesel engine is
A depression is provided on the top of the piston, and the depression is formed on the top of the piston, and the space defined by the side wall of the cylindrical cylinder and the bottom of the cylinder head constitutes the combustion chamber. However, in order to reduce NOx, it is effective to suppress the generation of high temperature combustion at once in the middle stage of combustion. For this reason, it is desirable to reduce the distance from the nozzle to the wall surface, but in the case of a long stroke, This distance increases as the piston descends. In order to eliminate this point, a combustion chamber and an injection system that can reduce the distance from the nozzle to the wall surface even if the piston descends are required.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】大型ディーゼル機関に
おいては、ノズルから燃焼室側壁までの距離を長くし、
燃料噴霧が極力燃焼室壁面に衝突しないように構成して
いる。このような燃焼室の形状では、燃料が一気に燃焼
して高温になる為にＮＯｘの発生率が高くなるのであ
る。これを解消する為に、本発明においては、逆に燃料
噴霧を壁面に衝突させ、高温の一気の燃焼が発生しない
ようにして、ＮＯｘを低減しようとするものである。特
にロングストローク機関では、ピストン変位が大きい為
に、燃焼中期においてノズルから燃焼室壁面までの距離
が長くなり、この段階で一気に燃焼する為に高温となる
のである。本発明においては、これを解消する為に、ピ
ストンが下降しても、ノズルから燃焼室壁面までの距離
を短くできる円筒段付きの燃焼室を構成し、２つ以上の
下方への噴射ノズルを構成したものである。In a large diesel engine, the distance from the nozzle to the side wall of the combustion chamber is increased,
The fuel spray is configured so as not to collide with the wall surface of the combustion chamber as much as possible. In such a shape of the combustion chamber, the rate of NOx is increased because the fuel burns all at once and reaches a high temperature. In order to solve this, the present invention conversely attempts to reduce NOx by colliding the fuel spray with the wall surface so that combustion of a single high temperature gas does not occur. Particularly in a long stroke engine, the displacement of the piston is large, so that the distance from the nozzle to the wall surface of the combustion chamber becomes long in the middle of combustion, and at this stage, the temperature is high because the fuel is burned at once. In the present invention, in order to solve this problem, a combustion chamber with a cylindrical step is configured so that the distance from the nozzle to the combustion chamber wall surface can be shortened even if the piston descends, and two or more downward injection nozzles are provided. It is composed.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の解決しようとす
る課題は以上の如くであり、次に該課題を解決するため
の手段を説明する。請求項１においては、ピストンの上
部を段付きの円筒形状とし、該段付きの円筒形のピスト
ンと、円筒状のシリンダとの間で段付き円筒状の燃焼室
を構成し、シリンダヘッドの端部の２本以上の燃料噴射
ノズルから下方に向けて燃料を噴射し、該段付き円筒形
状の部分にスワールＳを構成するものである。The problems to be solved by the present invention are as described above. Next, the means for solving the problems will be described. In Claim 1, the upper part of the piston has a stepped cylindrical shape, and a stepped cylindrical combustion chamber is formed between the stepped cylindrical piston and the cylindrical cylinder, and the end of the cylinder head is formed. The fuel is injected downward from two or more fuel injection nozzles of the portion to form the swirl S in the stepped cylindrical portion.
【０００５】請求項２においては、ピストンの上部を段
付きの円筒形状とし、該段付きの円筒形のピストンと、
円筒状のシリンダとの間で段付き円筒状の燃焼室を構成
し、シリンダヘッドの端部の２本以上の燃料噴射ノズル
から側方に向けて燃料を噴射し、該段付き円筒形状の部
分にスワールＳを構成するものである。According to a second aspect of the present invention, the upper part of the piston has a stepped cylindrical shape, and the stepped cylindrical piston
A stepped cylindrical combustion chamber is formed between the stepped cylindrical portion and a cylindrical cylinder, and fuel is injected laterally from two or more fuel injection nozzles at the end of the cylinder head to form a stepped cylindrical portion. It constitutes the swirl S.
【０００６】[0006]
【作用】次に作用を説明する。本発明によれば、図５に
おいて示す如く、燃費に対するＮＯｘの発生率が、従来
の場合に比較して格段に低くなるのである。このように
なるのは、燃焼中期における高温の一気の燃焼を、径小
筒部１ａや裾広がり段部１ｂの部分で抑制することが出
来るので、高温の燃焼が発生せず、燃焼が高温になると
発生しやすくなる窒素酸化物であるＮＯｘの発生を減少
させることが出来るからである。そして、裾広がり段部
１ｂや径小筒部１ａの部分が通過した後の燃焼後期は、
燃料噴射ノズル４ａ，４ｂとピストン１の壁面までの距
離が長くなるので、一気に燃焼が進展するが、この時点
で燃焼室内が高温となることはなく、ＮＯｘの発生は少
ないのである。以上の理由により、燃焼中期の燃焼の抑
制を、裾広がり段部１ｂと径小筒部１ａの部分を構成し
て、燃料噴射ノズル４ａ，４ｂとピストン１の壁面まで
の距離が短い状態で長く続くことにより行うことがで
き、ＮＯｘの発生を促進する高温燃焼の状態を無くすこ
とができる。Next, the operation will be described. According to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, the NOx generation rate with respect to fuel consumption is significantly lower than that in the conventional case. This is because it is possible to suppress the combustion of high temperature air in the middle stage of combustion in the small diameter tubular portion 1a and the skirt spreading step portion 1b, so that the high temperature combustion does not occur and the combustion becomes high temperature. This is because it is possible to reduce the generation of NOx, which is a nitrogen oxide that tends to be generated. Then, in the latter stage of combustion after the skirt spreading step portion 1b and the small diameter tubular portion 1a have passed,
Since the distance between the fuel injection nozzles 4a and 4b and the wall surface of the piston 1 becomes long, combustion progresses at once, but at this time, the temperature in the combustion chamber does not become high, and NOx generation is small. For the above reason, the suppression of combustion in the middle stage of combustion is made long by forming the skirt-expansion step portion 1b and the small diameter tubular portion 1a and making the distance between the fuel injection nozzles 4a and 4b and the wall surface of the piston 1 short. This can be done by continuing, and the state of high temperature combustion that promotes the generation of NOx can be eliminated.
【０００７】[0007]
【実施例】次に実施例を説明する。図１はピストン１の
上部を径小筒部１ａとして、段付き状に構成し、２本の
燃料噴射ノズル４ａ，４ｂからの燃料噴射を上方から下
向きとした実施例の側面断面図、図２は同じく図１の平
面図、図３は同じくピストン１の上部を径小筒部１ａと
して、段付き状に構成し、２本の燃料噴射ノズル４ａ，
４ｂを径小筒部１ａの側方に横から噴射した構成を示す
側面断面図、図４は同じく図３の平面図、図５は本発明
によりＮＯｘ低減効果を示す図面である。EXAMPLES Next, examples will be described. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which the upper portion of the piston 1 is a small-diameter cylindrical portion 1a and is configured in a stepped manner, and the fuel injection from the two fuel injection nozzles 4a and 4b is directed downward from above. Is a plan view of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is also a stepped configuration in which the upper portion of the piston 1 is a small diameter tubular portion 1a, and two fuel injection nozzles 4a,
4b is a side sectional view showing a configuration in which 4b is laterally injected to the side of the small diameter tubular portion 1a, FIG. 4 is a plan view of the same FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a drawing showing the NOx reduction effect according to the present invention.
【０００８】図１と図２の実施例において説明する。該
実施例においては、ピストン１の上部を径小筒部１ａに
構成している。また該径小筒部１ａの下部に裾広がり段
部１ｂを構成している。該裾広がり段部１ｂもピストン
１の段付き部の一部を構成させているのである。そして
径小筒部１ａと裾広がり段部１ｂよりも下方の部分は、
従来と同じピストン１の径であり、該通常径のピストン
１の部分にピストンリング６・６を嵌装している。A description will be given with reference to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In this embodiment, the upper part of the piston 1 is formed into a small diameter cylindrical portion 1a. Further, a skirt spreading step portion 1b is formed below the small diameter tubular portion 1a. The flared stepped portion 1b also constitutes a part of the stepped portion of the piston 1. And, the portion below the small diameter tubular portion 1a and the hem spreading step portion 1b is
The piston 1 has the same diameter as the conventional one, and the piston ring 6 is fitted to the portion of the piston 1 having the normal diameter.
【０００９】該形状のピストン１の上部は、従来と同じ
く円筒状のシリンダ２の内部で上下に摺動し、シリンダ
２の上面に載置されたシリンダヘッド３の下面とシリン
ダ２との間で、円筒状の燃焼室を構成している。該燃焼
室の内部に段付き状のピストン１が配置されているので
ある。該燃料噴射ノズル４ａ，４ｂは、１８０°離れた
対向する位置に配置されており、シリンダヘッド３の下
面から下方へ垂直に燃料噴射を行うべく構成している。The upper portion of the piston 1 having the shape slides up and down inside the cylindrical cylinder 2 as in the conventional case, and between the lower surface of the cylinder head 3 mounted on the upper surface of the cylinder 2 and the cylinder 2. , Constitutes a cylindrical combustion chamber. The stepped piston 1 is arranged inside the combustion chamber. The fuel injection nozzles 4a and 4b are arranged at opposite positions separated by 180 °, and are configured to inject fuel vertically downward from the lower surface of the cylinder head 3.
【００１０】該燃料噴射ノズル４ａ，４ｂからの燃料噴
射方向は、前述の裾広がり段部１ｂの円弧状の斜面の方
向であり、該噴射された燃料は、該円弧状の斜面に案内
されて下方に噴霧されるのである。図２に示すように、
径小筒部１ａと裾広がり段部１ｂが構成する段付き状の
燃焼室の円周方向に、燃焼濃混合気Ａが流れ、空気との
間でスワールＳにより濃混合気Ａと空気が混合されて、
均一な燃焼を促進するのである。The direction of fuel injection from the fuel injection nozzles 4a and 4b is the direction of the arcuate slope of the above-mentioned bottom spreading step 1b, and the injected fuel is guided to the arcuate slope. It is sprayed downward. As shown in FIG.
The combustion rich mixture A flows in the circumferential direction of the stepped combustion chamber formed by the small diameter tubular portion 1a and the skirt-expanding step portion 1b, and the swirl S mixes the rich mixture A with the air. Has been
It promotes uniform combustion.
【００１１】図１と図２の実施例においては、ピストン
１の上部を径小筒部１ａと裾広がり段部１ｂにより構成
したことにより、ロングストロークのディーゼル機関の
場合であっても、ノズルとピストン１の壁面までの距離
は短くなり、ストロークによらず或る程度までは、この
壁面までの距離を一定化することが出来るのである。In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, since the upper portion of the piston 1 is composed of the small diameter cylindrical portion 1a and the skirt spreading step portion 1b, the nozzle 1 The distance to the wall surface of the piston 1 becomes short, and the distance to this wall surface can be made constant to some extent regardless of the stroke.
【００１２】次に図３と図４により、裾広がり段部１ｂ
が無くて、径小筒部１ａのみにより段付き部を構成し、
燃料噴射ノズル４ａ，４ｂを横から噴射すべく構成した
実施例について説明する。即ち、図４に示す如く、本実
施例の場合には、燃料噴射ノズル４ａ，４ｂの吐出方向
は、径小筒部１ａの接線方向に構成している。故に、該
燃料噴射ノズル４ａ，４ｂの吐出接線方向にスワールＳ
が発生し、壁面部の濃混合気Ａを、空気と強制的に混合
させて、径小筒部１ａの周囲において均一な燃焼状態を
得ることが出来るのである。Next, referring to FIG. 3 and FIG.
Without, and the stepped portion is configured only by the small diameter tubular portion 1a,
An embodiment will be described in which the fuel injection nozzles 4a and 4b are configured to inject laterally. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, in the case of the present embodiment, the discharge direction of the fuel injection nozzles 4a and 4b is configured to be the tangential direction of the small diameter cylindrical portion 1a. Therefore, the swirl S is applied in the discharge tangential direction of the fuel injection nozzles 4a, 4b.
Is generated, the rich air-fuel mixture A on the wall surface is forcibly mixed with air, and a uniform combustion state can be obtained around the small diameter tubular portion 1a.
【００１３】このように、ピストン１の上部を径小筒部
１ａとして、段付き部に構成したことより、ロングスト
ロークでピストン１が上下しても、燃料噴射ノズル４
ａ，４ｂと径小筒部１ａの壁面までの距離は短い状態で
一定となり変化しないのである。これにより、噴射燃料
が一気に燃焼して高温となり、ＮＯｘが発生するという
可能性を低くすることが出来るのである。As described above, since the upper portion of the piston 1 is the small diameter cylindrical portion 1a and the stepped portion is formed, even if the piston 1 moves up and down with a long stroke, the fuel injection nozzle 4
The distance between a and 4b and the wall surface of the small diameter tubular portion 1a is constant in a short state and does not change. As a result, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the injected fuel burns at once and becomes high temperature, and NOx is generated.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の効果】本発明は以上の如く構成したので、次の
ような効果を奏するのである。即ち，、図５において示
す如く、燃費に対するＮＯｘの発生率が、従来の場合に
比較して格段に低くなるのである。このようになるの
は、燃焼中期における燃焼を、径小筒部１ａや裾広がり
段部１ｂの部分で抑制することが出来るので、高温の燃
焼が発生せず、燃焼が高温になると発生しやすくなる窒
素酸化物であるＮＯｘの発生を減少させることが出来る
からである。そして、裾広がり段部１ｂや径小筒部１ａ
の部分が通過した後の燃焼後期は、燃料噴射ノズル４
ａ，４ｂとピストン１の壁面までの距離が長くなるの
で、一気に燃焼が進展するが、この時点で燃焼室内が高
温となることはなく、ＮＯｘの発生は少ないのである。
以上の理由により、燃焼中期の燃焼の抑制を、裾広がり
段部１ｂと径小筒部１ａの部分を構成して、燃料噴射ノ
ズル４ａ，４ｂとピストン１の壁面までの距離が短い状
態で長く続くことにより行うことができ、ＮＯｘの発生
を促進する高温燃焼の状態を無くすことができるのであ
る。Since the present invention is constructed as described above, it has the following effects. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the generation rate of NOx with respect to fuel consumption is significantly lower than that in the conventional case. This is because the combustion in the middle stage of combustion can be suppressed in the small diameter tubular portion 1a and the skirt-expansion step portion 1b, so that high temperature combustion does not occur and combustion easily occurs at high temperature. This is because it is possible to reduce the generation of NOx which is a nitrogen oxide. Then, the skirt spreading step portion 1b and the small diameter tubular portion 1a.
The fuel injection nozzle 4
Since the distance between a and 4b and the wall surface of the piston 1 becomes long, combustion progresses at once, but at this time, the temperature in the combustion chamber does not become high, and NOx is little generated.
For the above reason, the suppression of combustion in the middle stage of combustion is made long by forming the skirt-expansion step portion 1b and the small diameter tubular portion 1a and making the distance between the fuel injection nozzles 4a and 4b and the wall surface of the piston 1 short. This can be done by continuing, and the state of high temperature combustion that promotes the generation of NOx can be eliminated.
【図１】ピストン１の上部を径小筒部１ａとして、段付
き状に構成し、２本の燃料噴射ノズル４ａ，４ｂからの
燃料噴射を上方から下向きとした実施例の側面断面図。FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which an upper portion of a piston 1 is a small-diameter tubular portion 1a and is configured in a stepped manner, and fuel injection from two fuel injection nozzles 4a and 4b is directed downward from above.
【図２】同じく図１の平面図。FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG.
【図３】同じくピストン１の上部を径小筒部１ａとし
て、段付き状に構成し、２本の燃料噴射ノズル４ａ，４
ｂを径小筒部１ａの側方に横から噴射した構成を示す側
面断面図。FIG. 3 is a stepped structure in which the upper part of the piston 1 is a small-diameter cylinder part 1a, and two fuel injection nozzles 4a, 4 are provided.
Side sectional drawing which shows the structure which injected b from the side to the side of the small diameter cylinder part 1a.
【図４】同じく図３の平面図。FIG. 4 is a plan view of FIG.
【図５】本発明によりＮＯｘ低減効果を示す図面。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a NOx reduction effect according to the present invention.
１ ピストン ２ シリンダ ３ シリンダヘッド ４ａ，４ｂ 燃料噴射ノズル 1 Piston 2 Cylinder 3 Cylinder Head 4a, 4b Fuel Injection Nozzle
Claims (2)
し、該段付きの円筒形のピストンと、円筒状のシリンダ
との間で段付き円筒状の燃焼室を構成し、シリンダヘッ
ドの端部の２本以上の燃料噴射ノズルから下方に向けて
燃料を噴射し、該段付き円筒形状の部分にスワールを構
成することを特徴とするディーゼル機関の燃焼室構造。1. A stepped cylindrical combustion chamber is formed between the stepped cylindrical piston and the cylindrical cylinder, and the end of the cylinder head is formed by forming an upper part of the piston into a stepped cylindrical shape. The combustion chamber structure of the diesel engine, characterized in that the fuel is injected downward from two or more fuel injection nozzles, and a swirl is formed in the stepped cylindrical portion.
し、該段付きの円筒形のピストンと、円筒状のシリンダ
との間で段付き円筒状の燃焼室を構成し、シリンダヘッ
ドの端部の２本以上の燃料噴射ノズルから側方に向けて
燃料を噴射し、該段付き円筒形状の部分にスワールを構
成することを特徴とするディーゼル機関の燃焼室構造。2. A stepped cylindrical combustion chamber is formed between the stepped cylindrical piston and the cylindrical cylinder, and the end of the cylinder head is formed by forming the upper part of the piston into a stepped cylindrical shape. 2. A combustion chamber structure of a diesel engine, characterized in that fuel is injected laterally from two or more of the fuel injection nozzles, and a swirl is formed in the stepped cylindrical portion.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6212316A JPH0874579A (en) | 1994-09-06 | 1994-09-06 | Combustion chamber structure of diesel engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6212316A JPH0874579A (en) | 1994-09-06 | 1994-09-06 | Combustion chamber structure of diesel engine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0874579A true JPH0874579A (en) | 1996-03-19 |
Family
ID=16620535
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6212316A Pending JPH0874579A (en) | 1994-09-06 | 1994-09-06 | Combustion chamber structure of diesel engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0874579A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015081583A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-27 | マツダ株式会社 | Piston structure for engine |
-
1994
- 1994-09-06 JP JP6212316A patent/JPH0874579A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015081583A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-27 | マツダ株式会社 | Piston structure for engine |
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