JPH0873308A - Method for controlling soil disease injury of pot flower - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a method capable of safely controlling soil disease injury by simple treatment in a culture of a pot flower. CONSTITUTION: In culture of a pot flower, preferably before a pot flower is seeded in a culture soil, is subjected to herbaceous cutting or transplanted, a fungus belonging to the genus Gliocladium is applied preferably to the culture soil in the ratio of 10-10<11> CFU as a colony forming unit of the fungus belonging to the genus Gliocladium based on 1kg of the culture soil.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for controlling soil diseases of pot flowers, and more particularly to a method of controlling soil diseases of pot flowers using a fungus belonging to the genus Gliocladium.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art What is important in pot culture management is
This is a technology for controlling the onset of soil diseases. Unlike the environment of upland soil, the flora of potted soil is so simple that once a pathogen invades from the outside, it is easily affected by the pathogen.

Conventionally, as a method for controlling such soil diseases of potted flowers, constant spraying of chemicals and soil irrigation have been carried out, but these are problems from the viewpoint of sustainability of effects. Moreover, chemical treatment has resulted in safety concerns and an increasingly simplified poor flora in potted soils.

On the other hand, in the field soil, as a method for controlling soil diseases, a method of preventing the occurrence of soil diseases by using microorganisms that antagonize soil pathogens is widely used in consideration of safety and sustainability of effects. There is. However, when it is attempted to apply bacteria such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas and actinomycetes such as Streptomyces which are generally known as such antagonistic microorganisms to the soil of potted flowers, the bottom surface water absorption method developed in recent years and an excessive amount from the top surface have been developed. Since the potted flower soil is extremely wet by irrigation, there is a problem that the above-mentioned antagonistic microorganisms are difficult to grow. Therefore, there has been a demand for a microorganism that easily proliferates in potted soil, has roots that are rooted, and antagonizes soil pathogens.

By the way, as a method for controlling disease in upland soil using an antagonistic microorganism other than the above, a method for preventing soil disease by using filamentous fungi such as Trichoderma spp. And Gliocladium spp. Is known. For example, JP-A-3-9510
No. 5 discloses that a soil disease of a plant containing a porous carrier and a fungus (Trichoderma spp., Talalomyces spp., Gliocladium spp., Etc.) sporulated and treated with a dilute acid is suppressed or There is a description of a biocontrol preparation for prevention, and it is said that it was actually applied to table beets, cotton, zinnia, broad beans, etc.

Further, in JP-A-5-262614, fungi (Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp.) Having the ability to control soil-borne plant pathogens were cultivated and this culture was inactivated. There is described a method for producing a soil disease control agent, which comprises exposing the soil fungal pathogen to enhance the control ability of the fungus against the soil plant pathogen to obtain a soil disease control agent. Here, it is said that cotton and peanut are actually effective.

However, although Trichoderma spp. Was mentioned as a fungus having the ability to control soil-borne plant pathogens in the above-mentioned publication, Trichoderma spp. Is slightly difficult in terms of stability of effect and Trichoderma spp. There is a problem that some fungi infect Shiitake stalks and harm Shiitake cultivation.

[0008] Further, although it is described in these documents that the above-mentioned fungi are effective against various cultivated plants in field soil, examples of the use of Gliocladium spp. In pot flowers and description of their use are described. There is no.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made from the above viewpoint, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for safely controlling soil diseases by simple treatment in cultivating potted flowers.

[0010]

[Means for Solving the Problems] As a result of intensive research to solve the above problems, the present inventor has treated potted soil and / or seeds with a fungus belonging to the genus Gliocladium. Therefore, the inventors have found that soil diseases can be efficiently and safely removed, and completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention is a method for controlling soil diseases of pot flowers, which comprises treating the soil and / or seeds of pot flowers with a fungus belonging to the genus Gliocladium. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The potted plant to which the soil disease control method of the present invention is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a plant planted in a pot. For example, calceolaria, Snapdragon, etc., Sesameaceae, Campanula, Campanula Examples include various potted plants such as Ranunculaceae, such as Carnation, Caryophyllaceae such as Carnation, Oleanderaceae such as Periwinkle, legumes such as Lupinus, Euphorbiaceae such as Poinsettia, and Asteraceae such as cineraria.

The soil disease to which the present invention is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a soil disease that causes the above-mentioned pot flowers due to a pathogenic bacterium, but among such soil diseases, the genus Pythium The control method of the present invention is preferably applied to soil diseases caused by fungi belonging to the genus Rhizoctonia or the genus Corticium.

Examples of such soil diseases include seedling rot of calceolaria caused by Rhizoctonia solani, root rot of campanula, stem rot of carnation, root rot of periwinkle, and stem rot of lupinus. Pythium spinosum (Pythium), such as Rhizoctonia SP
seedling rot of snapdragons due to spinosum)
Examples include root rot of Poinsettia caused by SP (Pythium SP) and white silkworm of chrysanthemum caused by Corticium rolfsii.

The bacterium of the genus Gliocladium used in the method for controlling soil diseases of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a fungus belonging to the genus Gliocladium, and examples thereof include Gliocladium aureum, Gliocladium categorium (Gliocladium cate
nulatum), Gliocladium delicate essence (G
liocladium deliquescens), Gliocladium nigrum, Gliocladium
Gliocladium penicilloides, Gliocladium roseum, Gliocladium saga
riensis), Gliocladium vermoeseni (Glioc)
ladium vermoeseni), Gliocladium virens and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

When the above-mentioned Gliocladium bacterium is used in the present invention, the bacterium is impregnated with a medium in which the bacterium of Gliocladium genus can grow, for example, a solid component derived from a plant, sugar or a nitrogen source. It is preferable to use a culture that has been cultivated with the above-mentioned porous material, and it is more preferable to use a culture that contains Gliocladium spp.

In order to obtain a culture of the genus Gliocladium genus that has been sufficiently sporulated, for example, the genus Gliocladium may be cultured by the method described below.
First, a gliocladium genus is liquid-cultured in a potato dextrose medium sterilized by an autoclave or the like. Next, as a medium, plant-derived solid components, for example, corn residue, sweet potato, potato skin and residue after starch separation, vegetables, fruit pomace, stevia extract residue, beer dregs, sake lees (yeast Solids, etc. obtained from cereals, beans, oil seeds, etc., and porous carriers such as zeolite, attapulgite, sepialite, montmorillonite, perlite, Kanuma soil, red jade stone, pumice, charcoal, coral sand, etc. Prepare what is contained (preferable mixing ratio is 5 to 70% by weight of the amount of the porous carrier compounded with the amount of the plant-derived solid component), sterilize it with an autoclave, etc. A liquid culture of Umbus is inoculated and cultured at 10 to 45 ° C for 2 to 40 days. The obtained culture can be used in the present invention as it is or after being dried if necessary.

The present invention is characterized in that potted soil and / or seeds are treated with a fungus belonging to the genus Gliocladium. Here, the Gliocladium spp. In the present invention means the bulk powder of Gliocladium spp., A culture obtained by liquid culture in a potato dextrose medium or the like, or a culture obtained by the above method and a dried product thereof or the like. Or any mixture thereof.

Examples of the treatment method include, for example, sprinkling the seeds of the potted flowers with Gliocladium spp. At the time of sowing, mixing Gliocladium spp. Put the genus Dium at the root, mix the soil for growing potted flowers and the bacterium Gliocladium, apply the bacterium Gliocladium as it is or dilute it, and cultivate the soil and genus Gliocladium Examples of the treatment method include covering the soil with a mixture of the bacteria, making a hole in the soil, and introducing Gliocladium spp. Into the hole.
In addition, a method of cultivating by vegetative propagation such as putting a culture medium containing a culture of the genus Gliocladium in a pot and cultivating by sprouting the leaves of pot flowers can also be mentioned. Further, these methods can be used in the present invention either individually or in combination.

In this way, the potted soil and / or seeds are treated with a fungus belonging to the genus Gliocladium. When the soil is treated with a fungus belonging to the genus Gliocladium, the timing is In the present invention, it is preferred that the potted flower is before sowing, cutting and transplanting in the soil.

Further, in the present invention, the treatment amount when treating the soil of a pot flower with Gliocladium spp. Is 10 to 10 ¹¹ CFU as a unit of colony formation of Gliocladium spp. Preferably there is.

[0022]

[Examples] Hereinafter, an example of the production of a sporulated culture of the genus Gliocladium and an example of the present invention using the culture of the genus Gliocladium obtained in this production example will be described.

[0023]

[Production Examples 1 and 2] 4.0 g of potato leaching powder, 2 glucose
Dissolve 0.0g and agar 15.0g in 1L of water 120
The potato dextrose medium obtained by sterilizing at 15 ° C for 15 minutes was dispensed into two petri dishes, one of which was gliocladium virens (NRRL1594).
8) was inoculated with Gliocladium virens (ATCC 24290) on the other petri dish and
The cells were cultured in an incubator at 0 ° C for 1 week.

A medium was prepared by mixing 1 part by volume of bran, 3 parts by volume of sand, and 1 part by volume of water to prepare a medium, which was placed in two 2 L Erlenmeyer flasks at a rate of 200 mL, and the Erlenmeyer flask containing the medium was kept at 120 ° C. for 15 minutes. It was sterilized in an autoclave for a minute. Then, the culture medium containing these two Erlenmeyer flasks was inoculated with the above-mentioned two types of culture medium of potato dextrose of gliocladium vilens, and cultured at 25 ° C. for 15 days. The two cultures of gliocladium virulence obtained were taken out and thoroughly mixed. Gliocladium virens (NRRL159) thus obtained
48) was designated as Gliocladium genus culture 1, and Gliocladium virens (ATCC2429
The culture of 0) was used as Gliocladium sp. Culture 2 in the following examples.

[0025]

Example 1 Rhizoctonia solani isolated from a carnation diseased strain was grown and stored in potato dextrose agar medium. 50 in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask
After mL of bran medium (bran: sand: water = 1: 3: 1 volume ratio) was added and sterilized at 120 ° C. for 15 minutes, the above Rhizoctonia solani was inoculated. This Erlenmeyer flask was placed in an incubator at 25 ° C. and cultured for 15 days. After the completion of the culturing, 500 g of the mountain soil sterilized by an autoclave and the obtained culture solution were mixed and used as a pathogen inoculum source.

[0026] Also, carnation spikelets are put into red tama soil to bud, and 100 seedlings 30 days after the bud are prepared,
Used in the experiment. Gliocladium genus culture 2 obtained in Production Example 2 in a soil mixed with 2 parts by weight of peat moss, 1 part by weight of vermiculite, 1 part by weight of charcoal, and 1 part by weight of red tama soil
Was mixed in an amount of 1% by weight, and the mixture was packed in 50 vinyl pots having a diameter of 9 cm. In addition, for comparison, a culture medium containing no inoculum of the genus Gliocladium was prepared in the same manner, and 50 pieces of this were packed in a vinyl pot having a diameter of 9 cm.

Into this pot, carnation seedlings 30 days after the above-mentioned shoots were transplanted one by one, and seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for 4 days. Then, 1 g of the above-mentioned pathogen inoculum was embedded at a depth of 1 cm around the seedlings in each pot. This was again grown in the greenhouse for another 25 days while giving Peter's liquid fertilizer (15-5-25, Petelight Special Series) once a week. The number of pots in which symptoms appeared during the 25 days was counted. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0028]

[Table 1]

From these results, it can be seen that the soil containing Gliocladium spp protects carnation seedlings from soil diseases better than the soil containing no Gliocladium spp.

[0030]

Examples 2 to 6 Rhizoctonia solani isolated from diseased strains of cineraria, campanula, periwinkle, and lupinus was grown on a potato dextrose agar medium and stored. In addition, Pythium spinosam isolated from a diseased strain of snapdragon was grown on corn meal agar medium and stored. Each of these pathogenic bacteria was treated in the same manner as the pathogenic bacteria of Example 1 above to prepare 5 types of pathogenic bacterial inoculum.

2% by weight of the gliocladium culture 1 obtained in Production Example 1 was mixed with a commercially available horticultural cultivation soil (Genki-kun: made by Zennō), and the mixture was divided into 5 equal parts. The prepared 5 kinds of pathogen inoculums were mixed by 1% by weight.
Further, for comparison, 5 kinds of soils containing only 5 kinds of pathogens without containing the inoculum of Gliocladium spp were similarly prepared. 2 of each of the 10 types of soil obtained
It was filled in a 00-hole plug tray, sufficiently watered, and left in a greenhouse for 4 days.

Then, the seed tray of the cineraria was placed in the plug tray containing the soil containing the pathogen isolated from the cineraria, and the seed of campanula was placed in the plug tray containing the soil containing the pathogen isolated from the campanula.
Plug trays containing soil containing pathogens isolated from Catharanthus roseus, seeds of Catharanthus roseus, plug trays containing soil containing pathogens isolated from lupine, Lupine seeds, pathogens isolated from snapdragon Seed Snapdragon seeds into the plug tray containing the soil containing 1 seed per 1 hole,
It was cultivated for 35 days, and the number of germinated seedlings and the number of dead seedlings were counted during the culturing period. Table 2 shows the results. The mortality rate (%) is a value obtained by dividing the number of dying strains by the germination number and multiplying by 100.

[0033]

[Table 2]

As is clear from these results, even in the cultivation of cineraria, campanula, periwinkle, lupine, and snapdragon, mixing the culture of the genus Gliocladium into the soil can suppress the occurrence of soil diseases. it can.

[0035]

[Example 7] Poinsettia was removed from No. 5 pot of Poinsettia having root rot, and the soil remaining in this pot was used as a pollution source.

20 kg of Metromix and 3 kg of perlite were mixed with the soil with root rot of Poinsettia, and 10 kg of this soil was mixed with 200 g of the culture 2 of the genus Gliocladium obtained in Production Example 2 above. 4 of 20 bowls
I put it in a bowl. Further, for comparison, the soil prepared in the same manner as above except that it did not contain the inoculum 2 of Gliocladium sp.

These pots were sufficiently watered and left for 3 days,
After that, transplant rooted seedlings of Poinsettia into each pot one by one,
By 30 days after transplantation, the lower leaves turned yellow, and the strains having root rot symptoms were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0038]

[Table 3]

From these results, it can be seen that the soil containing Gliocladium spp protects Poinsettia seedlings from soil diseases better than the soil containing no Gliocladium spp.

[0040]

According to the soil disease controlling method of the present invention, soil diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Pythium, Rhizoctonia and Corticium can be safely controlled in pot flower cultivation. Further, according to the soil disease control method of the present invention, a sufficient soil disease control effect can be obtained by a simple treatment.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method for controlling soil diseases of pot flowers, which comprises treating the potted soil and / or seeds with a fungus belonging to the genus Gliocladium. 2. The control of soil diseases of pot flowers according to claim 1, wherein the pot flowers are selected from plants of the family Scolytaceae, Oleanderaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Oleanderaceae, Legumes, Euphorbiaceae, and Asteraceae. Law. 3. The method for controlling soil diseases of potted flowers according to claim 1, wherein the fungus belonging to the genus Gliocladium contains sporulated ones. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium is treated with a fungus belonging to the genus Gliocladium before the seeding, cutting or transplanting of potted flowers.
4. The method for controlling soil diseases of potted flowers according to any one of 3 above. 5. The pot flower according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the soil disease is a soil disease in which a fungus belonging to the genus Pythium, the genus Rhizoctonia or the genus Corticium is a pathogen. Soil disease control method. 6. The treatment amount for treating the fungus belonging to the genus Gliocladium in the soil is 10 to 10 ¹¹ CFU as a colony forming unit of the fungus belonging to the genus Gliocladium per 1 kg of the soil. The method for controlling soil diseases of potted flowers according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that.