JPH086886B2 - Evaporator - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an evaporator, and more particularly, to evaporating a single-phase or multi-phase raw material liquid, for example, an on-site type high-purity hydrogen producing apparatus or The present invention relates to an evaporation device suitable for a fuel cell system and the like.

[Conventional technology]

For example, conventional evaporators in chemical plants such as high-purity hydrogen production equipment are multi-tube evaporators described in "Chemical Engineering Handbook", Chapter 4, Evaporation, p402 to 409, edited by Chemical Engineering Society (1982). As in the above example, a large number of heating tubes pass through the evaporation section. Then, a baffle plate is provided in order to efficiently evaporate the supplied raw material liquid, and natural convection is performed.

Therefore, in the evaporation section, the space around the heating tube is large,
In addition, an extra space is generated due to the space of the baffle plate portion, and this space becomes large as the number of heating tubes increases with the increase of the evaporation processing amount. In addition, the space as the dead space becomes larger than the space between the heating tube arrays.

Furthermore, since it is not direct heating, the heat loss increases,
If the fire went out, it was necessary to reignite.

In such a conventional multi-tube evaporator, these extra spaces are inevitable, and measures to remove them are essentially not considered.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

In the above-mentioned conventional technique, a space is formed outside the heating tube, and an increase in efficiency due to natural convection is considered. Therefore, to reduce the size and performance of the evaporator, no consideration was given to the structure that eliminates these surplus spaces. However, the conventional structure was reduced to a similar size.

Further, in the multi-tube evaporator, the larger the heat transfer area, the larger the dead space. Further, since the heat loss is large, a large number of heating tubes are required in the conventional structure, and there is a problem that the influence of the extra space becomes large.

The present invention was made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, there is no excess space that becomes a dead space, it is not necessary to provide another combustor, the heat generated in the heating layer chamber It is an object of the present invention to provide a small-sized, high-performance evaporation device with a small heat loss that can be directly transmitted to the evaporation layer chamber.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to achieve the above object, the structure of the evaporation apparatus according to the present invention is an evaporation layer chamber for circulating and evaporating a single-phase or multi-phase raw material liquid, and a heating layer for applying heat to the evaporation layer chamber. A chamber, and those formed by partitioning the evaporation layer chamber and the heating layer chamber with partition walls, in an evaporation device arranged in a plurality of layers in the heat insulating layer casing, the heating layer chamber,
A combustion catalyst layer having a combustion catalyst filled therein was provided, and the combustion catalyst layer was connected to a supply passage for introducing fuel and air and an exhaust passage for combustion exhaust gas, and a heating portion by catalytic combustion was provided in the heating layer chamber. It is a thing.

In addition, the above-mentioned object is to make the structure of the evaporating section a layered arrangement in which an evaporating layer chamber and a heating layer chamber, which are separated from each other by a partition from a conventional multi-tube evaporator, are arranged adjacent to each other, and a liquid is flown into the evaporating layer chamber. For this heating, a high temperature fluid is circulated in the heating layer chamber to serve as a heating source for the evaporation layer chamber.

Furthermore, by filling the combustion catalyst in the heating layer chamber and catalytically burning the supplied fuel in the combustion catalyst layer in the heating layer chamber, the combustion chamber for obtaining the high temperature gas can be omitted, and the combustion part and the heat transfer part are integrated. It is possible to provide a miniaturized evaporation device.

[Action]

In the evaporation device in which the evaporation layer chamber and the heating layer chamber serving as the high temperature gas flow path are configured through the partition walls and arranged alternately in layers, the evaporation space and the high temperature gas flow path space are arbitrarily set by the volume as necessary. be able to. In this case, unlike a multi-tube evaporator, it is not necessary to provide an extra space such as a dead space, and a small-sized evaporator that fulfills its function simply by securing the minimum space volume to obtain the required evaporation amount. can do.

Further, in the evaporator according to the configuration of the present invention, even if the capacity is increased, an extra space is not increased unlike the conventional multi-tube evaporator.

Furthermore, when the combustion catalyst is filled in the heating layer chamber that serves as the high temperature gas passage space, it is possible to generate high temperature gas by catalytic combustion in the heating layer chamber only by directly supplying the fuel. For this reason, it is not necessary to separately provide a combustor, the heat of the generated high-temperature gas can be directly transferred to the evaporation layer chamber, and the radiant heat transfer can be used to reduce the heat loss. It becomes an efficient evaporation device.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

First, FIG. 1 shows an evaporation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a longitudinal sectional view, (b) is an AA sectional view of (a), and this embodiment shows methanol. And a device for evaporating a mixed liquid of water.

In FIG. 1, 1 is an evaporation layer chamber, 2 is a heating layer chamber, which is formed by a space having a rectangular cross section partitioned by a partition wall 6.

Reference numeral 3 is a combustion catalyst filled in the heating layer chamber 2, 4 is heat transfer particles relating to the heat transfer body filled in the evaporation layer chamber 1, and the heat transfer particles 4 are, for example, heat-resistant alumina particles. Are used. Reference numeral 5 is a honeycomb-shaped support plate made of ceramic for filling and fixing the combustion catalyst 3 and the heat transfer particles 4 in the heating layer chamber 2 and the evaporation layer chamber 1, respectively.

Reference numeral 6 denotes a partition wall that separates the evaporation layer chamber 1 and the heating layer chamber 2. The partition wall 6 has rib-shaped or protruding heat transfer fins formed on one or both sides of the partition wall. Reference numeral 7 is a connection flange for arranging these chambers in layers.

Reference numeral 8 is a heat insulating layer casing made of ceramic fiber, 9 is a raw material supply pipe relating to a supply path for guiding a raw material liquid 13 which is a mixed liquid of methanol and water to the evaporation layer chamber 1, and 10 is a material from the evaporation layer chamber 1. The steam collecting pipe, 11 relating to the steam extraction path,
A branch pipe for supplying a fuel 15 and air to the combustion catalyst layer of the heating layer chamber 2 and a branch pipe 12 for the combustion exhaust gas 16 from the heating layer chamber 2.
It is an exhaust pipe related to the exhaust passage of.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the evaporation layer chamber 1 is formed by a space having a rectangular cross section sandwiched by partition walls 6 and filled with heat transfer particles 4 to promote heat transfer. A heating layer chamber 2 serving as a high-temperature gas flow path is adjacent to both sides of the evaporation layer chamber 1, and the heating layer chamber 2 is filled with a combustion catalyst 3 to form a combustion catalyst layer.

The evaporation layer chamber 1 and the heating layer chambers 2 on both sides thereof are integrally assembled by the connecting flange 7 and arranged in layers.
These are surrounded by the heat insulating layer casing 8 so as to reduce heat loss.

 The operation of such an evaporator will be described below.

A raw material liquid 13, which is a mixed liquid of methanol and water, is supplied to the evaporation layer chamber 1 through a raw material supply pipe 9 as shown by an arrow in FIG. The raw material liquid 13 having entered the evaporation layer chamber 1 receives the combustion heat of the fuel passing through the heating layer chambers 2 on both sides via the partition wall 6 and evaporates. The vaporized vapor 14 is taken out from the vapor collecting pipe 10 as indicated by an arrow.

On the other hand, the fuel 15 as a heating source of the evaporation layer chamber 1 is guided to the combustion catalyst layer of the heating layer chamber 2 through the branch pipe 11 as shown by the arrow. The inside of the heating layer chamber 2 becomes a heat generating portion in which the fuel 15 is burned by the combustion catalyst 3, and the combustion heat is given to the evaporation layer chamber 1 through the partition wall 6. This is also done by radiative heat transfer.
If the heat transfer fins are formed on the partition wall 6, the combustion heat can be transferred more efficiently.

The heat transferred to the evaporation layer chamber 1 is convected by the heat transfer particles 4,
Heat transfer forms such as conduction and radiation work effectively.

The temperature of the high temperature gas flow of the combustion gas that has heated the evaporation layer chamber 1 drops and is discharged from the exhaust pipe 12 as combustion exhaust gas 16 shown by the arrow.

The evaporator of this embodiment has the following effects.

1) Compared with the conventional multi-tube evaporator, there is no extra space such as dead space and heat loss is small.

2) Since the layers are connected by connecting flanges to form a layered array, the capacity can be increased easily by sequentially adding evaporation layer chambers and heating layer chambers and expanding them in a similar manner.
Even in that case, the capacity can be expanded with the minimum necessary volume increase without increasing the surplus space.

3) Since a combustion catalyst is used, it is not necessary to install another combustor. Since the fuel is supplied and catalytically combusted in the heating layer chamber, radiant heat can also be used and heat loss is small.

4) Low pollution due to extremely low NOx concentration in combustion exhaust gas.

As described above, the evaporation device of the present embodiment is a small-sized and high-performance evaporation device that is realized by the minimum necessary components.
For example, it is useful as an on-site compact device for a high-purity hydrogen production device or a fuel cell system.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an evaporation apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. .

The evaporator shown in FIG. 2 comprises an evaporation layer chamber 1A and a heating layer chamber, each of which is formed by a partition wall 6A and is formed independently and has a rectangular cross section.
2A and 2A are alternately arranged in layers with a gap maintained.

The evaporation layer chamber 1 and the heating layer chamber 2 are fixed in an arrangement such that the entire evaporation layer chamber 1 and the heating layer chamber 2 are suspended in the heat insulating layer casing 8A. Then, a space medium around the evaporation layer chamber 1 and the heating layer chamber 2 is filled with a heat medium 17 such as a eutectic mixture of diphenyl oxide and diphenyl. You can move freely.

In the evaporation layer chamber 1A in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the heat transfer particles 4 are supported and fixed by the honeycomb-shaped support plate 5 as in the embodiment of FIG. Similarly, in the heating layer chamber 2A, the combustion catalyst 3 is supported and fixed by the honeycomb support plate 5.

The fuel 15 supplied from the branch pipe 11 to the combustion catalyst layer of the heating layer chamber 2A is combusted by the combustion catalyst 3 in the heating layer chamber 2A to generate heat. Here, as the fuel 15, a premixed fuel mixed with air is used. The combustion exhaust gas 16 generated in the heating layer chamber 2A is the exhaust pipe 12
It is discharged to the outside through the. The heating layer chamber 2A that has reached a high temperature first heats the heating medium 17 filled in the surrounding space.

On the other hand, in the evaporation layer chamber 2, the heat is received from the surrounding heat medium 17 and the temperature rise or evaporation proceeds. The heat medium 17 is the heating layer chamber 2A.
Due to the temperature difference between the evaporation layer chamber 1A and the evaporation layer chamber 1A, natural convection is generated and circulates through the gap in the heat insulating layer casing 8A to maintain a uniform temperature.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the same effect as that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is expected, and in addition, there are the following unique effects.

The evaporation layer chamber 1A can be indirectly heated through the heat medium 17 having a constant temperature. Therefore, local heating is unlikely to occur and the heat resistance of the heat transfer particles 4 does not pose any problem. Further, as compared with the conventional indirect heating type evaporator, a circulation device for the heat medium is not necessary, and the heat source for the heat medium and the heat source for receiving the heat medium can be integrated, which simplifies the evaporation device. Miniaturization and miniaturization becomes extremely easy.

Further, by indirectly heating via the heat medium 17 having a constant temperature, steam can be obtained at a certain constant temperature, and steam having different temperatures can be obtained by selecting the type of the heat medium 17.

In each of the above-described embodiments, the example of the mixed liquid of methanol and water as the raw material liquid has been described, but various single-phase or multi-phase raw material liquids are adopted as the raw material liquid depending on the application.

Further, in each of the embodiments of the present invention, an example in which the combustion catalyst layer is provided in the heating layer chamber has been described, but as a means for substituting the present invention, when the hot gas can be easily obtained from other processes, etc., A heating layer chamber provided with heat transfer particles may be used without using a combustion catalyst.

Further, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the example in which the heat transfer fins are provided on the surface of the partition wall has been described, but the heat transfer fins are effective for promoting the heat transfer effect, but they are not always necessary.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described in detail above, according to the present invention, there is no excess space that becomes a dead space, it is not necessary to provide another combustor, and heat generated in the heating layer chamber can be directly transferred to the evaporation layer chamber. It is possible to provide a small-sized, high-performance evaporator with low heat loss.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an evaporator according to an embodiment of the present invention,
(A) is a longitudinal sectional view, (b) is an AA sectional view of (a), and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an evaporator according to another embodiment of the present invention. 1,1A ... Evaporation layer chamber, 2,2A ... Heating layer chamber, 3 ... Combustion catalyst, 4 ... Heat transfer particles, 6,6A ... Partition wall, 8 ... Insulation layer casing, 9 ... Raw material supply Tube, 10 …… Steam collecting tube, 11 ……
Branch pipe, 12 ... Exhaust pipe, 17 ... Heat medium.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An evaporation layer chamber for circulating and evaporating a single-phase or multi-phase raw material liquid, and a heating layer chamber for applying heat to the evaporation layer chamber. These evaporation layer chamber and superheated layer chamber are provided. In a vaporization device in which a partition wall and a partition wall are formed into a plurality of layers in a heat insulating layer casing, the heating layer chamber includes a combustion catalyst layer filled with a combustion catalyst. An evaporator, which is connected to a supply path for introducing fuel and air to an exhaust path for combustion exhaust gas, and has a heating portion for catalytic combustion in the heating layer chamber. 2. The evaporation layer chamber according to claim 1, wherein the inside of the evaporation layer chamber is filled with a heat transfer material and is connected to a raw material liquid supply path and a vapor extraction path. Characteristic evaporation device. 3. The partition according to claim 1, wherein the partition wall that separates the evaporation layer chamber and the heating layer chamber is provided with a heat transfer fin on at least one surface of the partition wall. Evaporation device. 4. A space region is provided around an evaporation layer chamber and a heating layer chamber in a heat insulating layer casing, and a heat medium is provided in this space region according to any one of claims 1 to 3. An evaporation device characterized by being filled with.