JPH08511964A - Dried hydrogels from hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymers - Google Patents
Dried hydrogels from hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymersInfo
- Publication number
- JPH08511964A JPH08511964A JP7503077A JP50307795A JPH08511964A JP H08511964 A JPH08511964 A JP H08511964A JP 7503077 A JP7503077 A JP 7503077A JP 50307795 A JP50307795 A JP 50307795A JP H08511964 A JPH08511964 A JP H08511964A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- therapeutic device
- therapeutic
- hydrogel
- wound
- lesion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000008259 solid foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940030225 antihemorrhagics Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002874 hemostatic agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XOYXESIZZFUVRD-UVSAJTFZSA-M acemannan Chemical compound CC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](O[C@@H]5[C@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](O[C@@H]6[C@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](O[C@@H]7[C@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](CO)O7)O)[C@@H](CO)O6)O)[C@H](O5)C([O-])=O)O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)[C@@H](CO)O3)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@@H](CO)O1 XOYXESIZZFUVRD-UVSAJTFZSA-M 0.000 claims description 94
- 229960005327 acemannan Drugs 0.000 claims description 94
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 63
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920000057 Mannan Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 208000002399 aphthous stomatitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001503 Glucan Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008177 pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- UREZNYTWGJKWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzethonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OCCOCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UREZNYTWGJKWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001950 benzethonium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000020670 canker sore Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 konjac mannan Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003589 local anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004100 Oxytetracycline Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000625 oxytetracycline Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-PXOLEDIWSA-N oxytetracycline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-PXOLEDIWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019366 oxytetracycline Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N terramycin dehydrate Natural products C1=CC=C2C(O)(C)C3C(O)C4C(N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)C4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930101283 tetracycline Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N Gentamicin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C(C)NC)CC[C@@H](N)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](NC)[C@@](C)(O)CO2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229930182566 Gentamicin Natural products 0.000 claims 2
- GUGOEEXESWIERI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terfenadine Chemical group C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(O)CCCN1CCC(C(O)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 GUGOEEXESWIERI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001387 anti-histamine Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000739 antihistaminic agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229960002518 gentamicin Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 210000000605 viral structure Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 208000004898 Herpes Labialis Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002752 Konjac Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 206010067152 Oral herpes Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010485 konjac Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229940025902 konjac mannan Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008512 biological response Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 37
- 235000011399 aloe vera Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 31
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- 244000144927 Aloe barbadensis Species 0.000 description 23
- 235000002961 Aloe barbadensis Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 13
- 241001116389 Aloe Species 0.000 description 12
- 206010015150 Erythema Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 231100000321 erythema Toxicity 0.000 description 12
- 208000025865 Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 9
- 210000000416 exudates and transudate Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 231100000397 ulcer Toxicity 0.000 description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 7
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 7
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000005087 mononuclear cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 5
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000000589 Interleukin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010002352 Interleukin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 4
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006150 trypticase soy agar Substances 0.000 description 4
- OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O1 OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 3
- 206010013082 Discomfort Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229920000926 Galactomannan Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229920002581 Glucomannan Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002924 anti-infective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000023597 hemostasis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000091 immunopotentiator Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003308 immunostimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002601 intratumoral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006008 lipopolysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002510 pyrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 3
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N (2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](OC3[C@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUBIBZJAGAIBW-WGEALTPQSA-N 4-[(2r,5s,6e,8z)-2-hydroxy-5,7-dimethyl-4-oxodeca-6,8-dienyl]piperidine-2,6-dione Chemical compound C\C=C/C(/C)=C/[C@H](C)C(=O)C[C@H](O)CC1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1 ATUBIBZJAGAIBW-WGEALTPQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUBIBZJAGAIBW-TXTWTNGRSA-N 9-methylstreptimidone Natural products CC=C/C(=C/C(C)C(=O)CC(O)CC1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1)/C ATUBIBZJAGAIBW-TXTWTNGRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007474 Aloe arborescens Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004509 Aloe arborescens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YDQWDHRMZQUTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aloe emodin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(CO)=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O YDQWDHRMZQUTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000001320 Atherosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000605059 Bacteroidetes Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 2
- 201000008808 Fibrosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 2
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002683 Glycosaminoglycan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102000014150 Interferons Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010050904 Interferons Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920001491 Lentinan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241001529936 Murinae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010057249 Phagocytosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010063562 Radiation skin injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010000269 abscess Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 2
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000005178 buccal mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium oxalate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001332 colony forming effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229960003082 galactose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940046240 glucomannan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000000224 granular leucocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003958 hematopoietic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009610 hypersensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000367 immunologic factor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079322 interferon Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940115286 lentinan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002483 medication Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003226 mitogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940067003 orabase Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008782 phagocytosis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- UEJSSZHHYBHCEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) sulfadiazinate Chemical compound [Ag+].C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)[N-]C1=NC=CC=N1 UEJSSZHHYBHCEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001584 soft palate Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000759 toxicological effect Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 2
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical group [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-SVZMEOIVSA-N (+)-Galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-SVZMEOIVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-HHDP-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC1C(O)C2OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSFSPUZXLOGKHJ-PGYHGBPZSA-N 2-amino-3-O-[(R)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](C)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](N)C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1O MSFSPUZXLOGKHJ-PGYHGBPZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCO BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001659321 ANME-2 cluster Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010027654 Allergic conditions Diseases 0.000 description 1
- AFHJQYHRLPMKHU-XXWVOBANSA-N Aloin Natural products O=C1c2c(O)cc(CO)cc2[C@H]([C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)c2c1c(O)ccc2 AFHJQYHRLPMKHU-XXWVOBANSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000004384 Alopecia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000857945 Anita Species 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000193738 Bacillus anthracis Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000009137 Behcet syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VGGGPCQERPFHOB-MCIONIFRSA-N Bestatin Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VGGGPCQERPFHOB-MCIONIFRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGGPCQERPFHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bestatin Natural products CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VGGGPCQERPFHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222122 Candida albicans Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000068645 Carya illinoensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009025 Carya illinoensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000700199 Cavia porcellus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000005598 Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010059480 Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000032544 Cicatrix Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010009900 Colitis ulcerative Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010010356 Congenital anomaly Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000011231 Crohn disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000301850 Cupressus sempervirens Species 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-mannomethylose Natural products CC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000004624 Dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010012435 Dermatitis and eczema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010016626 Dipeptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000005189 Embolism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000010201 Exanthema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000001263 FEMA 3042 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001917 Ficoll Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010016717 Fistula Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000182067 Fraxinus ornus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002917 Fraxinus ornus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000855 Fucoidan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000018522 Gastrointestinal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002527 Glycogen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000003886 Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000288 Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000001080 Grifola frondosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007710 Grifola frondosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000569 Gum karaya Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000869 Homopolysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010020565 Hyperaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004454 Hyperalgesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000035150 Hypercholesterolemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000035154 Hyperesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031226 Hyperlipidaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000563 Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000006877 Insect Bites and Stings Diseases 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N L-rhamnopyranose Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-rhamnose Natural products CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000005230 Leg Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010024229 Leprosy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000234280 Liliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090001030 Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004895 Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000605411 Lloydia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102100024640 Low-density lipoprotein receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010027906 Monocytosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028034 Mouth ulceration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MSFSPUZXLOGKHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Muraminsaeure Natural products OC(=O)C(C)OC1C(N)C(O)OC(CO)C1O MSFSPUZXLOGKHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BKAYIFDRRZZKNF-VIFPVBQESA-N N-acetylcarnosine Chemical compound CC(=O)NCCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CN=CN1 BKAYIFDRRZZKNF-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000409093 Neolentinus cyathiformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010067482 No adverse event Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010030113 Oedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007117 Oral Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010058667 Oral toxicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002201 Oxidized cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000721454 Pemphigus Species 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Penta-digallate-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BELBBZDIHDAJOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenolsulfonephthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O1 BELBBZDIHDAJOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000016611 Proteoglycans Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010067787 Proteoglycans Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001218 Pullulan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004373 Pullulan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000607149 Salmonella sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000006268 Sarcoma 180 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002684 Sepharose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000700584 Simplexvirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010072170 Skin wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000934878 Sterculia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194024 Streptococcus salivarius Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194023 Streptococcus sanguinis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010053615 Thermal burn Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010067584 Type 1 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010045261 Type IIa hyperlipidaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000006704 Ulcerative Colitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024780 Urticaria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010053648 Vascular occlusion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036142 Viral infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010068796 Wound contamination Diseases 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014104 aloe vera supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CPUHNROBVJNNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N aloin A Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C2=CC(CO)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C(O)C=CC=C21 CPUHNROBVJNNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFHJQYHRLPMKHU-WEZNYRQKSA-N aloin B Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1[C@H]1C2=CC(CO)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C(O)C=CC=C21 AFHJQYHRLPMKHU-WEZNYRQKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940035674 anesthetics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124339 anthelmintic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000921 anthelmintic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001032 anti-candidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002155 anti-virotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005875 antibody response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000890 antigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003719 b-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000721 bacterilogical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003651 basophil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-N-Acetyl-D-neuraminic acid Natural products CC(=O)NC1C(O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)OC1C(O)C(O)CO SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006161 blood agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000023555 blood coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004820 blood count Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940095731 candida albicans Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006727 cell loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007969 cellular immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005091 chloramphenicol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N chloramphenicol Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001447 compensatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000029078 coronary artery disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002316 cosmetic surgery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940127089 cytotoxic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002498 deadly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940124447 delivery agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000326 densiometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000010643 digestive system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEYBRNLFEZDVAW-ARSRFYASSA-N dinoprostone Chemical compound CCCCC[C@H](O)\C=C\[C@H]1[C@H](O)CC(=O)[C@@H]1C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O XEYBRNLFEZDVAW-ARSRFYASSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000408 embryogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002085 enols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003979 eosinophil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008029 eradication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000925 erythroid effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002481 ethanol extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000005884 exanthem Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000001386 familial hypercholesterolemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021197 fiber intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003890 fistula Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002683 foot Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000054 fungal extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000018685 gastrointestinal system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003193 general anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012812 general test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002641 glycemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940096919 glycogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003714 granulocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024963 hair loss Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003676 hair loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002439 hemostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009215 host defense mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004727 humoral immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002519 immonomodulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003053 immunization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002649 immunization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016784 immunoglobulin production Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002955 immunomodulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002584 immunomodulator Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001506 immunosuppresive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000622 irritating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AFHJQYHRLPMKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobarbaloin Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1C1C2=CC(CO)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C(O)C=CC=C21 AFHJQYHRLPMKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010494 karaya gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000231 karaya gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940039371 karaya gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBTMGCOVALSLOR-VPNXCSTESA-N laminarin Chemical class O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)OC1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C(O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@@H]2O)O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1O DBTMGCOVALSLOR-VPNXCSTESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002350 laparotomy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008141 laxative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002475 laxative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AIHDCSAXVMAMJH-GFBKWZILSA-N levan Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@](CO)(CO[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@](O)(CO)O2)O)O1 AIHDCSAXVMAMJH-GFBKWZILSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960005015 local anesthetics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBJWWKFMHOAPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N loretin Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=C(I)C=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=C1 ZBJWWKFMHOAPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010248 loretin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002101 lytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- QENHCSSJTJWZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium sulfide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[S-2] QENHCSSJTJWZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-GFVSVBBRSA-N mannan Chemical class O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-GFVSVBBRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007721 medicinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005033 mesothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001872 metatarsal bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002216 methylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011169 microbiological contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027939 micturition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002864 mononuclear phagocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002200 mouth mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000219 mutagenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003505 mutagenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004081 narcotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009826 neoplastic cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001640 nerve ending Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000440 neutrophil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100001083 no cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003835 nucleoside group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000418 oral toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011164 ossification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940107304 oxidized cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006174 pH buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003254 palate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004738 parenchymal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003239 periodontal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005105 peripheral blood lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940124531 pharmaceutical excipient Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037081 physical activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006461 physiological response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000291 postprandial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002278 reconstructive surgery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005000 reproductive tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037387 scars Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-OQPLDHBCSA-N sialic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@](O)(C(O)=O)OC1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-OQPLDHBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099261 silvadene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003600 silver sulfadiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001257 subchronic oral toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000057 systemic toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036575 thermal burns Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007143 thioglycolate medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008467 tissue growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000472 traumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001974 tryptic soy broth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010050327 trypticase-soy broth Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000035408 type 1 diabetes mellitus 1 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950009811 ubenimex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036269 ulceration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002747 voluntary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011240 wet gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001221 xylan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004823 xylans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000005253 yeast cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
- A61L26/0061—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L26/0085—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/02—Adhesive bandages or dressings
- A61F13/0203—Adhesive bandages or dressings with fluid retention members
- A61F13/0206—Adhesive bandages or dressings with fluid retention members with absorbent fibrous layers, e.g. woven or non-woven absorbent pads or island dressings
- A61F13/0209—Adhesive bandages or dressings with fluid retention members with absorbent fibrous layers, e.g. woven or non-woven absorbent pads or island dressings comprising superabsorbent material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
- A61K36/886—Aloeaceae (Aloe family), e.g. aloe vera
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/28—Polysaccharides or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/60—Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
- A61L26/0009—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form containing macromolecular materials
- A61L26/0023—Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
- A61L26/0061—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L26/008—Hydrogels or hydrocolloids
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 発明の名称 親水性−吸湿性重合物からの乾燥されているヒドロゲル 背景技術 本発明は、親水性−吸湿性ポリマ−の乾燥されたヒドロゲルよりなる、固体状 の泡の形をしている。FDAで分類されている如き、治療学的医薬装置(device )、さらに特別には、創傷/病巣包帯、医薬送出システム、止血剤または生物学 的応答修飾因子として用いられる重合体炭水化物例えばアセマンナンの凍結乾燥 ヒドロゲルに関する。 I.創傷処置 創傷治癒は創傷、組織の統合性に対する外傷傷害の収縮と閉鎖と治癒とをもた らす複雑な一連の生化学的細胞事象である。創傷処置は更に加わる傷害および/ または治癒工程を遅らせる環境要因から創傷を保護しなければならない。 創傷処置は通常抗生剤の使用と適当な包帯の適用とを含む、統合された全身的 および局所的方法とでなっている。創傷包帯の主要な機能は最適な治癒環境を提 供することである。例えば創傷は治癒が開始できる以前に、外部環境から隔離さ れなければならない。創傷包帯は上皮の天然障壁機能に似せて創傷を廠う。最適 な治癒環境を提供するには、創傷包帯は出血を制御し、外部環境から創傷を保護 し、その上の汚染または感染を防止し、創傷面の隣りの湿潤な微細環境を維持す べきである。 創傷の汚染は、負傷時またはそれ以後の、患者自身の皮膚または胃腸管からの 、感染されている物体との接触あるいは汚物、ちりまたは微生物の侵入からもた らされてもよい。例えば、感染を防止するため、有効な方法がとられない限り、 事実上全ての火傷は12〜24時間以内にバクテリアにより群落かつくられるこ とが見出されている。一般に感染は更に組織を損傷し、炎症を促進して創傷治癒 を妨げる。次いで起る創傷の回復が、血管漏出と、溶菌酵素の放出と活性化と、 遊離基の発生と、酵素消費と、組織神経経終末の感作とよりなる炎症の進行とに より遅れる。従って、炎症を制限するどんな方法でも、感染に抵抗する組織能力 と本質的なマクロファ−ジ機能を弱体化しない条件の下で創傷治癒を促進すべき である。 1950年代の終りを含むそれまではバクテリア感染防止のためには、創傷は 出来る限り乾燥に保つべきであると云うことが一般に受入れられていた。しかし 、種種な研究はこの考えに疑問を呈し、湿潤に保たれた創傷は実際に、空気に曝 されたままのあるいは在来の乾燥包帯で覆っていた創傷より速に治癒されること が見出された。密封包帯に関する性状の概説において、W.H.Baglestein,“The E ffect of Occlusive Dressings on Collagen Synthesis and Re-epitheliallzat ion in Superficial Wounds”,An Environment for Healing:The Role of Occ lusion Ryan,T.J.(編)International Congress and Symposium Series No.8 8,London,Royal Society of Hedicine,31〜38頁(1985)、は創傷を 湿潤に保つ密封包帯は上皮再形成(resurfacing)速度を約40%増大できると 結論した。 II.入手できる製品 創傷治癒過程に関する我々のより大きい理解の結果として、多くの新規の創傷 処置製品が開発された。これらの製品のおのおのには利点と欠点がある。大きく そして/または不規則な創傷の場合、入手できる固形被覆物例えばゲルとプラス チックとゼラチン質シ−トは一般に、特に不規則面を持つ創傷に関して、治癒に 要する密着を維持しない。液状ゲルは創傷面は被覆するがその場所を定め、それ を維持することが難しい。 A.吸収剤包帯 半透過性および非透過性創傷包帯は創傷に湿気を保持するが、創傷からの過剰 の湿気を積極的には吸収しない。創傷流体の流出点への蓄積は離解およびバクテ リアの過剰繁殖を含む重大な結果を持ち得る。滲出物を吸収するのに用いられる 包帯はしばしば、袖状ガ−ゼ中に封入された木綿または粘稠性繊維から製造され ている。そのような包帯は非常に吸収性であるが流体生成が減少した場合創傷の 表面に付着する傾向を示す。更にその上、吸収性創傷包帯は一般に、外部環境か らの創傷の適当な保護を提供しない。 B.非付着性包帯 非付着性包帯は創傷に固着しないように設計されている。ガ−ゼがしばしば、 非付着性包帯を提供するためにパラフィンまたは石油ゼリ−で含浸されている。 しかし、その含浸物ははげ落ちることがあり得て、包帯交換を必要とし、新しい 組織成長に外傷を起させる。 含浸されたガ−ゼ型に加えて、非付着性包帯は予め形成させた非付着性膜層で 上張りされた吸収性パッド(pad)からなっていてもよい。 C.ヒドロゲル包帯 ヒドロゲルは分散媒質が分子的スポンジ中に水のように捕捉されている複雑な 格子である。入手されるヒドロゲルは典型的には、親水部位を持つ不溶性重合物 であって、水性溶液と相互作用して、相当量の流体を吸収し、そして保持する。 ヒドロゲル包帯は非付着性で、より高い水含有量を持っている。ヒドロゲルは 表皮治癒を増大すると報告されている。ヒドロゲルは流体を吸収すると段階的に その粘度を低下させる。液状化の場合、ヒドロゲルは創傷の形に合致し、その除 去は外傷を与えない。しかし現在入手できるヒドロゲルは生分解せず、完全な治 癒過程を終始一貫して増強することはない。 D.吸収性材料 吸収性材料は生体内で分解し、除去する必要はない。特に内部で止血剤として 有用な、これらの材料にはコラ−ゲンとゼラチンと酸化セルロ−スとが含まれる 。 GelfoamTM、吸収性ゼラチンスポンジは入手でき、1940年半ば頃から局 所的止血剤として種種な外科的処置に用いられた。 GelfoamTM,Upjohnで製造されている吸収性ゼラチン滅菌スポンジの商標、は 止血剤として出血面に適用を意図した医薬装置である。それは精製された、豚の 皮膚コラ−ゲンから調製された水に不溶、オフホワイト、非弾性、多孔性の柔軟 な生成物である。それは血液および他の流体をその重量の何倍も吸収し、その間 隙に保持できる。過剰量を用いない場合、GelfoamTMは組織反応性殆どなく完全 に吸収される。この吸収は、使用量と血液または他の流体による飽和度と使用部 位とを含む幾つかの要因に依る。軟組織におかれた場合、GelfoamTMは通常過剰 な瘢痕組織を誘発することなく、4〜6週間 で完全に吸収される。 Physician's Desk Reference(1993年版)は止血を達成するのに必要な最 少量のGelfoamTMだけを用いて、出血が止るまでそれを損傷部位に保持させてお くことを勧めている。一度止血に達したら、過剰なGelfoamTMは、皮膚のヘリの 治癒を妨げる可もしれないので、注意して除去すべきである。更にその上、Gelf oamTMは塞栓の危険がある故脈管内部に置いてはならない。 その上、GelfoamTMは病原菌存在下での使用は推奨されない。若しGelfoamTMが 置かれている場所に感染または膿瘍の徴候が起きたならば、感染された材料を取 り除き、排液可能にするために再手術が必要であるかもしれない。 その他の注意は、GelfoamTMは、微細繊維状コラ−ゲンの破片が血液清浄化シ ステムの40ミクロン輸液フィルタ−を通過することが示されているので、自己 血液回収回路と接続して用いるべきではない。 E.多糖包帯 創傷処置に用いられた最も古く、最も永続的な材料は蜂蜜、主としてグルコ− スとフラクト−スとよりなる複雑な混合物である。蜂蜜は低いpH約3.7を持 ち、バクテリア増殖に不利な環境を作り出す。しかし、蜂蜜は高い浸透圧を持ち 、周囲の組織から効果的に水を流し出し、再生しつつある上皮細胞を脱水させて もよい。 近年、創傷包帯として糖、スクロ−スの使用について関心が増大した。しかし 、商業的糖供給物は常には滅菌されていず、リン酸カルシウム、珪酸アルミニウ ムナトリウムまたは他の塩が含有されていてもよい。糖の局所的使用は逆効果が 比較的ないが、糖は、管理 された臨床試験における創傷の単独処置として効果的であるとは示されてなく、 上皮細胞とマクロファ−ジと繊維芽細胞とを脱水する傾向があってもよい。 入手出来る多糖包帯例えばDebrisanTM、Pharmaciaにより製造されているグル コ−スの線状重合物、は創傷に注ぎ込みそして簡単な包帯パッドまたは半透過性 のプラスチック膜で被覆されるビ−ズまたは粒子に形成されている。ビ−ズの可 動性の性質が、ビ−ズが生分解できる高度に吸収性材料を提供しているにも拘ら ず、DebrisanTMを浅い創傷に使用し難くさせている。 III.多糖類の薬学的性状 多糖類が他の成分からの助けなしに薬学的および生理学的活性を示すことが出 来ることを示す多くの例が文献中にある。Gialdroni-Grassi,International Arc hives of Allergy and Applied Immunology,76(Suppl.1)119−127;O hno et al.,Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,33(6)2564−2 568(1985);Leibovici et al.,Chemico-Biological Interactions,6 0 191−200(1986);Ukai et al.,Chemical and Pharmaceutial Bulletion,31 741−744(1983);Leibovici et al.,Anticancer Research,5 553−558(1985)。その様な1つの例は粥状硬化症 の発生に関する。一般的個体群および特に家族性高コレステロ−ル血症中におけ る高脂質血症は冠動脈心疾患および死を伴う。食物繊維摂取の高い国においては 粥状硬化症は一般的ではない様に見える。Trowe1l et al.,Editors,Refined C arbohydrate Foods and Disease,London,Academic Press,207(1975 )。ペクチンとグア−とは正常並に高脂質 血症患者におけるコレステロ−ルを低下させると報告されている。Kay et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,30 171−175(1977) 。イナゴマメゴム、マンノ−スとガラクト−スとよりなる多糖、は正常並に家族 性高コレステロ−ル血症被検者の血漿リポ蛋白質コレステロ−ル濃度を低下させ る。Zavoral et al.,American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,38 285 −294(1983)。炭水化物食へのグア−ゴム添加は正常並に糖尿病被検者 のグルコースの食後の上昇を低下させる。Jenkins et al.,Lancet,2 779 −780(1977)。Kuhl,et al .,はDiabetes Care,6(2)152−1 54(1983)においてグア−ゴムが妊娠インシュリン依存糖尿患者の血糖制 御を示すことを証明した。 多糖類の抗腫瘍活性は広く報告されている。Lentinus cyathiformisから調製 された多糖類は腫瘍に対する宿主防衛性を増大することが知られている。Rethy et al.,Annales Immunologia Hungaricae21 285−290(1981)。 キノコ、酵母またはバクテリア抽出物からの多糖類がウイルスおよび腫瘍の蔓延 に対し高度の宿主防衛活性を誘い出すことが出来ると云う幾つかの報告がある。 Chihara,Nature222 687(1969);Schwartzman et al.,Proceedin gs of the Society for Experiment Biology and Hedicine,29 737−74 1(1932);Suzuki et al.,Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamics7(7)4 92−500(1984)も又真菌、Grifola frondosa,の培養された子実体か ら抽出された多糖画分(GF−1)の抗腫瘍活性を報告している。この画分は腹 腔内(IP)、静脈内(IV)または腫瘍内(IT)に投 与された場合、同等、高水準の活性を示した。しかし、経口投与(PO)は無効 であった。GF−1画分はまたマウス中の固体形Meth A繊維肉腫およびM M46癌に対しても抗腫瘍活性を示した。GF−1と類似の6−分枝b−1−3 結合グルカンであるレンチナンはMeth A繊維肉腫に対しては効果がない。 Chihara,“The antitumor polysaccharide Lentina:概説:“Manipulation of Host Defense Mechanisms;Ed.by Aoki et al.,Excerpta Medica,North Holl and,1−16(1981); Sasaki et al.,Carbohydrate Reserch,47( 1)99−104(1976)。 合成分枝多糖類もまた抗腫瘍活性を示すと報告された。Matsuzaki et al.,Ma kromol Chem.,186(3)449−456(1985)。Matsuzaki等[Makro mol.Chem.,187(2)325−331(1986)]は著しい活性を示す分 枝多糖類b−(1−4)−D−マンノピラノ−スとb−(1−4)−結合グルコ マンナンとの両方を合成した。Dicytyophoria indusiata Fischの子実体から抽 出された部分的にアセチル化されている線状b−(1−3)−D−マンナンもま た抗腫瘍活性を示す。Hara,Carbohydrate Research,143.111(198 2)。抗腫瘍作用は、b−(1−3)−グルカン型重合体がb−(1−4)−グ ルカンおよび半セルロ−ス重合体より高い抗腫瘍活性を示す故に、重合体手鎖の 型と重合度とに依存する様に見える。Hatsuzaki et al.,Makromol Chem.,18 7325−331(1986)。バクテリア培地濾過液から得られたb−(1− 3)−グルカンのカルボキシメチル化誘導体はその注射後の2時間以内に、定着 した肉腫180腫瘍からはげしい細胞喪失を引き起した。Baba,Journal of Imm unopharmacology8(6) 569−572(1986)。同じ著者はその物質の注射に依る、多形核白血球 の代償的増加を観察した。付随的に云えば、ベスタチン、免疫調節と抗腫瘍活性 とを持つと知られているジペプチド[Ishizuka,Journal of Antibiltics,32 642−652(1980)]、は腫瘍生産にも多形核白血球数にも影響しな い。Baba et al,上掲。 ヘパリン[Jolles et al.,Ata Univ.Int.Cancer,16 682−685( 1960);Suemasu et al.,Gann,61(2)125−130(1970)] 、硫酸化ラミナランとデキストラン[Jolles et al.,British Journal of Canc er,17 109−115(1963)]を含む、硫酸化多糖類の抗腫瘍効果に ついての報告は数多くある。Yamamoto等はJapanese Journal of Experimental M edicine,54 143−151(1984)でフ−コイダンの抗腫瘍括性の更に 硫酸化により増強されることを報告した。硫酸化された生成物はL−1210白 血症に対する活性を示した。著者等は抗腫瘍作用の機構は部分的に、腫瘍細胞と 中皮細胞との間の静電気的反発の結果としてL−1210細胞の侵略的増殖の抑 制によるのかもしれないと仮定した。Yamamoto et al,上掲。硫酸基を持つ多糖 類はまた、人工細胞分裂促進因子およびネズミ多クロ−ン性B細胞活性化因子で あるとも報告されている。Sugawara et al.,Hicrobiological Immunology,2 8(7)831−839(1984)。一般に、硫酸基をもつ高分子量ホモ多糖 類はこれらの性状を持っている。Dorries,European Journal of Immunology,4 230−233(1974);Sugawara et al.,Cell Immunology,7416 2−171(1982)。 酵母Saccharomyces cervisiaeから抽出されたグルカンは細胞並に体液性の免 疫の修飾物質であると報告されている。Wooles et al.,Science,142 10 79−1080(1963)。抽出されたグルカンは、ネズミの多能性造血幹細 胞と果粒球マクロファ−ジコロニ−形成細胞と骨髄球および赤血球コロニ−形成 細胞との増殖を刺激する。Pospisil et al.,Experimentia,38 1232−1 234(1982);Burgaleta,Cancer Research,37 1739−1742 (1977)。Maisin等[Radiation Research,105 276−281(19 86)]はまた、多糖のIV投与がX線暴露に対するネズミの造血幹細胞の保護を 誘発し、それにより暴露されたマウスの死亡率を減少させると報告した。 Lackovic等[Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Me dicine,134、874−879(1970)]は酵母細胞壁を取り、すべての 構成物質を抽出し、“マンナン”だけを残し、それが腹膜白血球によるインタ− フェロン生成誘発の原因であることを見出した。この生理学的応答の原因である と主張されている“精製マンナン”は分子量5,500〜20,000ダルトン を持っている。彼はマンナンがマウスの腹膜マクトファージを刺激し、q−イン ターフェロンを生成したと理論上想定した。彼はまた彼が単離したマンナンは毒 性を示さず、“それらは無能な抗原である”と述べている。抗ウイルス性および IL−1刺激に関する“精製マンナン”の使用についての、Lackovic等の言及は ない。我我はLackovic等の“精製マンナン”が末知で固定されていない、置換及 び置換されていないマンナンの集合物を包含していたことを提起する。 Seljelid等[Experimental Cell Resear ch、131(1)121−129(1981)]は不溶性またはゲル形成グリ カンが試験管内でマクロファージを活性化するのに、対応する可溶性グリカンは 活性化しないことを観察した。彼等はグリカンが単核食細胞に差し出される場合 の配置が活性化に対し決定的なものであると仮定した。Bogwald[Sca ndinavian Journal of Immunology,20:3 55−360(1984)]は試験管内でマクロファージに対し刺激効果がある グリカンを固定化した。このことは著者をしてグリカンの空間的配置が試験管内 でのマクロファージに対する効果に決定的なものであると信じさせるようにした 。Candida albicansから単離された精製多糖は試験管内での人 末梢血液リンパ球により抗体応答を誘発した。Wirz et al.,Cli nical Immunology and Immunmopatholog y,33 199−209(1984)。尚、正常固体とCandida感染個 体との血清における抗Candida抗体の間には相当の差が存在する。Wir z et al.,上掲。 上記して議論したように、植物と酵母とバクテリアとから回収された多糖材料 の生物学的活性は宿主防衛システムにおける増大を引出すことにより直接的な生 物学的活性を示し、この反応は第一には他の抗原物質についての宿主監察の増加 により明らかにされる。多糖類は補助薬(DEAE、デキストラン等)と免疫調 節剤として役立つ。それらはまた独特のT−細胞に依存しない抗原として機能し 得る。細胞並びに体液免疫は両方共感染細菌の食作用に影響を及ぼ し、増大させ、腫瘍細胞は免疫グロブリンの生成を増強するように観察された。 これら免疫学的に活性な多糖類の構造およびその構造的変種の型は効力と毒性 とを制御する要因であるように見える。作用の様式は理解が乏しいままであるが 、最近の証拠は、幾つかの多糖がリンパ球とマクロファージとを、広範囲の免疫 学的活性物質を生成する様に誘発することを示している。 例えば2−ケト−3−デオキン−D−マンノ−オクチユロソン酸(KDO)は マクロファージ宿主防衛活性化に関し最少の信号を提供するリポ多糖(LPS) の化学的部分である様に見える[Lebbar et al.,Eur.J.I mmunol,16(1)87−91(1986)。] 多糖類およびペプチドと結合している多糖類の抗ウイル活性が観察された。S uzuki,et al.,Journal of Antibiotics, 32 1336−1345(1979)。Suzuki等、上掲、はLenti nus edodes の菌糸体倍地から抽出されたペプチドマンナン(KS− 2)の抗ウイル作用を報告した。経口並びに腹腔内投与共マウスをウイルス感染 に対し保護する極大血清インターフェロン力価を増大する。 このことは、IVまたはIP投与した場合のみマウスのインターフェロンのよ り高い力価を誘発するリン酸デキストラン(DP−40)[Suzuki et al.,Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine,14 9(4)1069−1075(1975)]並に9−メチルストレプチミドン (9−MS)[Saito et al.,Antimier,Agent & Chemotherapy,10(1)14−19(1976)]とは異る。 他の研究者もまた複合体多糖類[Saeki et al.,Japanes e Journal of Pharmacology,24(1)109−1 18(1974)]と、糖タンパク質[Arita et al.,Journ al of Biochemistry,76(4)861−869(1974 )]と、硫酸化多糖類[Rocha et al.,Biochemical Pharmacology,18 1285−1295(1969)]との効果 を報告した。 Ukai等の[Journal of Pharmacobio−Dynam ics,6(12)983−990(1983)]は幾つかのカビの子実体から 抽出された多糖類の活性を示した。その多糖類はラットのカランゲナン誘発浮腫 に対し有意の抑止効果を示した。その上、重合体の1つ、O−アセチル化−D− マンナン(T−2−HN),はひりひりする痛覚過敏症に対し、フェニルブタゾ ンより著しい抑止効果を示した。Ukai et al.,上掲。その多糖がタ ンパク質と脂質とを含有していないと言う主張は、その効果がアセチル化マンナ ンのみによることを強く示唆している。 グルコマンナンとガラクトマンナンとを含むマンナンは永く人類により用いら れてきた。例えば植物ガムの形のガラクトマンナンは食物テキスチヤーの調節の ための結合剤として広く使用されている。更にその上、ある幾つかのマンナンは 有意の治療学的性状を示した[Davis and Lewis,eds.Je anes,A., Hodge,J.,In:American Chemical Societ y Symposium,Series 15,Washington,DC, American Society,1975]。日本の民間医薬の治療師は長 く、或る種のカビの抽出物が抗ガン活性を持つと信じていた。調査に依ればこれ らの抽出物の多くは免疫刺激活性をもつ複合体炭水化物を含有することが見出さ れた。これらの炭水化物は通常マンノース(マンナン)とグルコース(グルカン )とキシロース(ヘミセルロース)とフラクトース(レバン)とこれらの混合物 との重合体である。個々の糖は結合鎖が分枝または分枝していなくてもよいよう に、違った方法で結合していてもよい。クルカンはこれらの免疫刺激性の炭水化 物の中で最も広く研究された。それらは毒性を持っていないが、マンナンはより 効果的でなくてもグルカンに劣らず有効であることが次第に明らかになって来た 。 IV.アセマンナンの性状 A.Aloe veraから精製されたもの Aloe はユリ科の一員である、Harding,Aloe of the World:A Checklist,Index and Code,Ex celsa 9 57−94(1979)。Aloe barbadensis Miller はその広範な利用と、伝えられるところによる、非常な効果的 治癒力との故に、一般に“真性Aloe”と認識されている。日本においてだが 、Aloe arborescens Millerは胃腸疾患から運動選手の 足までの範囲の種種な疾患の民間治療薬剤として在来用いられて来た。Aloe veraはロゼット様式で茎についている、 ふくれた緑色の葉をもつ多年生植物である。成熟した植物の葉は縁に沿ってノコ ギリ状のトゲを持ち、長さ25インチ以上であってもよい。 Aloe veraは2つの主用な液体源、黄色ラテックス(滲出物)と透明 なゲル(粘液)とを含有している。Aloe barbadensis Mil ler葉の乾燥した滲出物はアロエと呼ばれる。商業的名称はCuracao アロエである。 それは主として、アロインとアロエ−エモジンとフェノール類とからなる。B urce,South African Medical Journal,4 1 984(1967);Morrow et al.,Archives o f Dermatology,116 1064−1065(1980);Ma pp et al.,Planta Medica,18 361−365(1 970);Rauwald,Archives Pharmazie,315 477−478(1982)。アントラキノン類とその配糖体とを含む多くのフ ェノール類は薬学的に活性であることが知られている。Bruce,Excel sa,5 57−68(1975);Suga et al.,Cosmeti cs and Toiletries,98 105−108(1983)。 その植物の実質細胞からの粘液性ジエリーはAloe veraゲルと称せら れる。一般に、そのゲルは不適切な加工技術により汚染されない限り、アントラ キノが分解したり、ゲルの変色を起したりはしない。Aloe veraゲルは 約98.5wt%が水である。全固形物の60%以上が炭水化物由来の多糖類で ある。有機酸と無機化合物、特にシユウ酸カルシウムは固形物の残りの部分とさ れている。 Aloe植物の全葉と滲出物と新鮮なゲルとは種種な人間の苦痛のために用い られた。その医薬治療薬としての使用の証拠はBC400のエジプト人までたど ることができる。Aloe veraはまた死者を防腐処置するため並に死を引 き起すものから防腐処理人を保護するためにも用いられた。他の昔の文明人は昆 虫の刺し傷と咬まれ傷の軽減のためと、かすり傷と潰瘍性の皮膚の処置のためと 、創傷治癒の促進のためと脱毛防止のために皮膚の手入れ用に、そして下剤とし てAloe veraを用いた。Aloe veraは多くの文明の在来の医薬 の中で、駆虫剤と便通剤と健胃剤として用いられ、中でも、ハンセン病と火傷と アレルギー状態とのために用いられた。Cole et al.,Archiv es of Dermatology and Syphilology,47 250(1943);Chopra et al.,Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants,Counsil of Scientific and Industrial Research,N ew Delh:(1956);Ship,Journal of the A merican Medical Association,238(16)1 770 1772(1977);Morton,Atlas of Medic inal plants of Middle American Bahma s to Yucatan,Charles C.Thomas Publis her,78−80(1981);Diez−Martinez,La Zab ila,Communicado No.46 Sobre Recu rsos Bioticos Potenciales del Pais,I NIRES,Mexico(1981);Dastur,Medic inal Plants of India and Pakistan,D.B.Ta rapore vala Sons & Co.,Private Ltd., Bommbay 16−17(1962)。 葉を加工する方法によつて、粘液と糖とが脱水されたゲルの主要成分である。 そこにある糖はガラクトースとグルコースとマンノースとラムノースとキシロー スとウロン酸とである。報告は矛盾しているが、粘液は主にマンナンまたはグル コマンナンからなる。Eberendu et al.,The Chemic al Characterization of CarrisynTM(印刷中 );Mandal et al.,Carbonhydrate Reseac h,86 247−257(1980b);Roboz et al.,Jou rnal of the American Chemical Societ y,70 3248−3249(1948);Gowda et al.,Ca rbonhydrate Reseach,72 201−205(1979) ;Segal et al.,Lloydia,34 423(1968)。 長い間、Aloe vera中の活性物質の正体に関する論争は決着しなかっ た。従って、ゲル中に存在する成分と滲出物中にある成分との間をはっきりと区 別することが重要である。ゲルの大部分は、種々な他の化合物少量を伴っている 、主として多糖の本性を持つ粘液である。活性の中には多糖ベース(base) と他の化合物 との間の相乗作用があつてもよいことが観察された。Leung,Excels a,8 65−68(1978):Henry,Cosmetics and Toiletries,94 42−43,46,48,50(1979)。例 えば、幾人かの研究者は創傷治癒のために効果的な化合物はタンニン酸[Fre ytag Pharmazie,9 705(1954)]と多糖の1種とであ ってもよいと報告している。Aloe arborescens抽出物からの創 傷治癒組成物。Kameyama,日本特許公告No.7856995(197 9)。Mackee,上掲、は外皮または滲出物でなくゲルが放射線火傷の処置 における有利な効果の原因であるとし、効果的な処置のためには新鮮な葉を用い ることが重要であると強調した。多糖類は時問と共に分解し、特定される薬学的 応答を引出すためには分子量の或る大きさが必要であるかもしれない。Goto et al.,Gann,63 371−374(1972)。 多糖類が薬学的で生理学的活性を持っていると報告する文献は、重視されてい る科学雑誌の頁にあふれ続けている。従って本質的に多糖である、Aloe v era 植物の粘液性ゲルがAloe veraの医薬性状に対する秘密を保持 していると言うのが論理的である。その多糖がグルコマンナンかマンナンかペク チンかまたは或る他の組成物であるかについての論争は一連の化学精製段階によ って解決される。Yagi et al.,[Planta Medica 3 1(1)17−20(1977)]はやや改変した抽出方法を用い、Aloe arborescens Miller var natalensis から アセチル化されてい るマンナン(アロエマンナン)を単離した。Ovodova[Khim,Pri or.Soedin,11(1)325−331(1975)]はしかし、同じ アロエ種の主成分として、それより早くペクチンを単離した。 B.アセマンナンの化学的性状 CarrisynTMはAloe barbadensis Millerの葉 の内部ゲルの精製されたエチルアルコール抽出物に対し、本発明の譲受人により 与えられた商標名である。CarrisynTMの活性成分はUnited St ates Adopted Name Councilにより“アセマン”と指 定された。CarrisynTM抽出物の73%より少くないものがアセマンある 。CarrisynTM抽出物は一般に約73〜90%のアセマンナンを含む。C arrisynTM抽出物は一般に、葉の外部葉鞘を除去し、内部切身または粘液 を次の如く、pH調節、エタノール抽出、凍結乾燥そして粉砕して取り出し、加 工して製造される。米国特許出願番号第144,872号、1988年1月出願 (現在米国特許第4,851,224号)、米国特許出願番号第869,261 号の一部継続出願(現在米国特許第4,735,935号)参照。それら全ての 開示はここに文献で組込まれている。この方法における加工は本質的に共有結合 は変えられていず、従って毒性化合物または副生物は作り出されないことを予言 する。これらの製造段階は在来のアロエ生成物生産者が不可能であったことを克 服し、多糖類を標準化し、安定化するために開発された。 アセマンナンはふわふわした、白色無定形の、やや吸湿性の粉末で、水とジメ チルスルホオキシドとには僅かしか溶解せず、多くの 他の有機溶剤には不溶である。この粉末は線状のb(1−4)−D−マンノシル 単位からなっている。その多糖は酸素原子を通じてその重合物に結合するアセチ ル基が無差別に散在している長嶺の重合物である。その重合物の一般名はアセマ ンナンである。アセチル化度はアルカリ性ヒドロ度はアルカリ性ヒドロキサマー ト法により測定されたように単量体当りアセチル基約0.91である。Hest rin,Journal of Biological Chemistry, 180 240−261(1949)を参照。中性糖結合分析は、恐らく(1− 6)結合を通してであろう、結合鎖へ、D−ガラクトピラノースが、70個の糖 ごとに約1個の割合で結合していることを示している。マンノース対ガラクトー ス比20:1はガラクトース単位がまた第一にb(1−4)グコシド結合により 一諸に結合していることを示している。アセマンナンの化学構造は次のごとく表 されてもよい。 超純粋アセマンナンの一般構造式 C.毒性 アセマンナンの毒物学的影響は生体内および試験管内のシステム両方で研究さ れた。アセマンナンは試験管内試験では変異誘発性あるいは胚子発生性ではない 。試験管内では、この化合物はH−9とMT−2とCEM−SSリンパ細胞につ いて、検出できる毒性を示さなかった。アセマンナンに関する生体内毒物学研究 においては犬における91日亜慢性経口毒性研究と、ラットにおける180日慢 性経口毒性研究と人における180日臨床試験とが含まれる。これらの研究にお いて91日間1日当りアセマンナン825mg/kgまでを受けた犬において毒性影 響はなかった。180日間餌中でアセマンナン38.475ppmを受けたラットにおい て、臨床的肉眼的病理学的あるいは毒物的影響はなかつた。臨床試験において1 80日アセマンナン1日当り800mgを受けた人の患者において悪い臨床的また は毒物的影響はなかった。 試験研究において、犬に対するアセマンナン投与が、完全な白血球計測と形態 学鑑別のために採取された血液試料において絶対単球増加症を引き起した。高投 与量のアセマンナンの経口投与後2時間以内において、循環中に大きい活性化さ れた単核細胞が出現した。類似の影響が人間においても観察された。 研究は人腹膜血液単核細胞培養と14C−標識アセマンナンとを用いて行われ、 生物学的システム中へのアセマンナンの組込みあるいは吸収を追跡した。この研 究においては、検出できる量の14C−標識アセマンナンが人腹膜単核細胞/マク ロファージ細胞により吸収あるいは取り込まれた。取り込みの極大は48時間目 に起った。濃度5mg/mlにおいて、14C−標識アセマンナンは単核細胞/マクロ ファージ細胞に対し細胞毒性はなく、重量/体積(w/v)消化細胞量 は消化アセマンナン溶液のw/vより760倍も大きかった。この結果はマクロフ ァージは細胞毒性のない非常に高い水準におけるアセマンナンの細胞内濃度を維 持することが出来ることを示唆している。 発熱物質検定はアセマンナンの1mg/ml注射溶液を用い、U.S.P.XXI Biologica l Test[151]中に略記されている発熱物質試験要綱に従い家兎で行った。注射さ れたアセマンナンの未知の全身的影響の故にU.S.P.中に明記されているよりも頻 繁に温度測定を行った。試験動物中の温度変化はU.S.P.要綱により許容される最 小変化を超えなかった。それ故この溶液は発熱物質不存在に関するU.S.P. の要件を満たしていた。注射されたアセマンナンは1匹の家兎中で0.3℃の最 大体温増大を誘い出した。この温度上昇は注射後90分で起った。アセマンナン は試験管内におけるマクロファージと単核細胞によるIL−1分泌の誘導物質で ある。IL−1は潜在的発熱物質であるからこのことはこの家兎における最小の 遅延温度上昇を説明すると思われる。 24名の人披験者が登録され、径口投与されたアセマンナンの安全性と耐溶性 との研究を完遂した。臨床実験室の結果は正常範囲からの変化が次の様に起った 。即ち、7名の披験者でCO2、3名の披験者でコレステロール、2名に披験者 でトリグリセリド、1名に亜リン酸塩、4名にヘモグロビン、2名に好塩基球、 3名に単核細胞、3名に好酸基球、4名にリンパ球、2名に好中球、1名に赤血 球と白血球とのそれぞれ。赤血球と白血球との少数が尿中に見出された。これら の変化の1つも臨床的には関係がないものであった。 免疫の外形的結果は、次のCD−16とCD−4(T−4)とCD−8−−L eu7とCD−4−−CD−25とCD−8−−CD −16とLeu7とTQ−1とに関し、1日目と7日目との値の間に集団差を示 した。分裂促進因子応答は低範囲にあった。 生命徴候は正常範囲を超えるようには見えなかった。排尿において集団差は存 在しなかった。群IVの1披験者は下痢を起し、研究の間便通をなくした。群Iに おける1披験者は研究の2日目より4日目の間便通がなかった。総計5名の披験 者が総計8つの逆の事を報告した。その事の全ては6日目間毎日1600mgま たは3200mg経口アセマンナンを受けた披験者において起った。 D.アセマンナンの薬学的性状 Aloe veraは“病気に効く”または“治療”の性質を持つものとして 素人の容認の長い歴史を享受して来た。最近数年に亘り、Aloe veraに 関し、科学的基準にあう多くの本および論文が書かれた。団体例えばInter national Aloe vera Science Councilと承 認されている医薬の学会は、医師と獣医と他の科学者の刊行物および個人記録を 通して“Aloe現象”に信用を与えている。Aloe veraは皮膚科、特 に放射線起因の皮膚状態の分野において広く特徴づけられて来た。Mckee, X−rays and Radium in the Treatment o f Disease of the Skin,3rd Ed.Lea and Febiger,Philadelphia,319−320(1938); Rovatti et al.,Industrial Medicine a nd Surgery,28 634−368(1959);Zawahry et al.,Quotations From Medical Journ als and Aloe Research,Ed.Max B.Shousen,Aloe Vera Research Institute,Cypress,Calf.,18 23(1977);Cera et al.,Journal of the American Animal Hospital Associatio n,18 633−638(1982)。消化問題におけるウイルス撲滅剤、滅 菌剤並びに真菌撲滅剤として、婦人科学的状態における医薬的適用を記録してい る科学的文献の大部分は広範囲であり、Grindley等[Journal of Ethnopharmacology,16 117−151(1986 )]により適切に概説された。 数多くの薬理学研究は最近Aloe veraゲルについて行われた。その結 果には放射線火傷のより速やかな治癒[Rowe,J.Am.Pharm.As soc.,29 348−350(1940)]と創傷の促進される治癒[Lu shbaugh et al.,Cancer,6 690−698(1953 )]とが含まれていた。Aloe veraゲルで処置された熱火傷は処置され ない火傷より非常に速に治癒した。[Ashely et al.,Plast .Reconstr.Surg.,20 383−396(1957)]。Ro vatto,上掲。Rodriguez−Bigas et al.,J.Pl ast.Rconstr.Surg.,81 386−389(1988)]。 そのゲルは脚の潰瘍の処置[El Zawahry et al.,Int.J .Dermatol,12 68−73(1973)]や術後治癒の促進[Pa yne,Faculty of Baylor Univ ersity,Waco,TX,に提出された修士論文]に有用である。実験的 証拠はAloe vera の抽出物は抗感染性を持っていること[Solar ,Arch.Inst.Pasteur Madagascar,47 9−3 9(1979)]、食作用を増強させること[Stepanova,Fizio l,Akt.Veshchestva,9 94−97(1977)]を示唆し ている。 アセマンナンはまた免疫システムの強力な刺激剤であるこが示された。アセマ ンナンは培養の人腹膜血液癒着細胞においてInterleukin 1(Il −1)およびプロスタグランジンE2(PGE2)の生産を誘発する。アセマンナ ンの補助薬および免疫増強剤として有効であることが示され、癌とウイルス性疾 患と感染との処置に効果的に用いることができる。米国特許第5,106,61 6号および米国特許第5,118,673号並びに、ここに引用されている文献 参照、それらの開示は文献によりここに組入れられている。これらの特許の全て およびこの特許出願書もまたCarrington Laboratories ,Inc.に譲渡されている。 多くの多糖類の既知の治療学的性状と、創傷ま たは病巣処置作用に種種なゲルの利用可能性とある種の“水不溶性”泡状物装置 の入手可能性とに拘らず創傷または病巣の治癒を促進でき、薬剤送達システムと して働くことができ、生物学的応答調節剤として働くことができ、そして治療学 的液体/懸濁液または体液のいずれかの流体の吸収に際し、比較的透明なヒドロ ゲルに変容することができる、比較的乾燥していて、柔軟性の泡状治療学的装置 の要求がある。 発明の要約 従って創傷/病巣包帯として機能し、創傷または病巣の輪郭に容易に切ったり または形づくることができる、比較的乾燥した、柔軟な固形泡状治療学的医薬装 置を製造するのが本発明の目的である。 冷凍することなく比較的期限のない保存性を持つ、創傷/病巣包帯用の治療学 的装置を提供するのが本発明の他の目的である。 紫外線、乾燥加熱、ガスまたは他の輻射線により容易に減菌でき、防腐剤の組 込みを要しない、創傷/病巣包帯用の治療学的装置を作るのが本発明の更に他の 目的である。創傷/病巣包帯中の防腐剤は創傷/病巣間の界面を脱水し、患者を ひりひり痛ませそして/または細胞増殖と新組織の最適の成長を抑制してもよい 。 ぬれた場合透明である創傷/病巣包帯として機能し、それにより包帯を除去す ることなく治癒の仮定を見て追跡出来る治療学的装置を提供するのが本発明の尚 更に他の目的である。 ぬれた場合自己接着性で、潜在的に毒性の接着剤の必要なく、目的部位に接触 したままでいることになる治療学的装置を提供するのが本発明の尚他の目的であ る。 下にある、再生しつつある組織を保護するために、吸収性の型または非吸収性 ヒドロゲルとしてでも用いることが出来る治療学的装置を提供するのが本発明の 尚更に他の目的である。本発明は、創傷/病巣からの、感染または汚染の結果と して有害な成分を含有しているかもしれない過剰の流体を吸収する乾燥した泡状 物として適用できる。本発明はまた比較的乾燥した泡状物を生理食塩水または他 の治療学的液体/懸濁液中に予め浸すことにより調製したヒドロゲルとして、滲 出物を除去する必要のない、外傷を起している区域に 適用してもよい。 治癒過程を促進する創傷/病巣包帯として機能できる治療学的装置を提供する のが本発明の更なる目的である。 創傷/病巣を汚染から保護するため、積極的に抗感染剤として作用する創傷/ 病巣包帯として機能できる治療学的装置を提供するのが本発明の尚その上の目的 である。 活性の免疫増強剤として役立つ創傷/病巣包帯として機能できる治療学的装置 を提供するのが本発明の更なる目的である。 生分解でき、適用部位から除去する必要のない創傷/病巣包帯として機能でき る治療学的装置を提供するのが本発明の他の目的である。 抗生剤と麻酔剤と他の薬学的薬剤との医薬品送達システムとして役立つことが できる治療学的装置を提供するのが本発明の尚他の目的である。 外傷部位に単位重量当り高い濃度のアセマンナンを送達できる治療学的装置を 提供するのが尚更なる他の目的である。 簡単に言えば、本発明の1つの一般的目的は創傷/病巣が湿ったままでいるが 、感染制御で浸軟されず、毒性物質がなく、そして包帯交換で妨害されないこと を確実にできる創傷/病巣包帯のように機能し得る治療学的装置を提供すること である。 概括的に言うと、本発明の1つの態様は分散相中にある親水性−吸湿性ポリマ ーの粒子の分散されている相からの液状媒質例えば水をヒドロゲルから除去して 調製した、固形泡状物の形の乾燥したヒドロゲルを包含する治療学的装置に関す る。その乾燥したヒドロゲルは付加的な液状媒質を吸収してヒドロゲルに変化す ることができ る。 1つの態様では固形泡状物の形にある乾燥した重合体炭水化物は水約5〜15 %(w/w)の中に分散された重合体炭水化物約85〜95%(w/w)よりな る。 前記では次の本発明についての詳細な説明がよりよく理解されるであろうため に、本発明の特徴と技術的有利さとをむしろ概括的に略述した。本発明の請求事 項の主題を形成する本発明の追加的な特徴と有利さとを以下に記述することにす る。 図面の簡単な説明 本発明とその有利さとのより完全な理解のため、添付図面に連結されている次 の記述に言及する。 図1はヒドロゲルの画図である。 図2は裏張り材料と多糖分散物とを伴った凍結乾燥皿の構成図を示す。 図3は裏張り材料を持つ多糖固形泡状物の凍結乾燥ヒドロゲルの断面を示す。 図4は多糖固形泡状物の凍結乾燥ヒドロゲルの巻いた物を示す。 図5は接着性“包帯”裏張りのある多糖固形泡状物の凍結乾燥ヒドロゲルを示 す。 図6は往診回数(visit number)を用いた、3つの処置群におけ る平均病巣寸法を示す。 図7は往診回数を用いた、3つの処置群における平均病巣紅斑を示す。 図8は往診回数を用いた、3つの処置群における平均の患者不快さを示す。 図9は往診回数を用いた、3つの処置群における臨床的改善に関する研究者の 度合いの印象の平均を示す。 図10は往診回数を用いた、3つの処置群における病巣寸法中央値を示す。 図11は往診回数を用いた、3つの処置群における病巣紅斑中央値を示す。 図12は往診回数を用いた、3つの処置群における患者不快さ中央値を示す。 図13は往診回数を用いた、3つの処置群における臨床的改善についての研究 者の度合いの印象の中央値を示す。 説明 I.親水性−吸湿性重合物の乾燥ヒドロゲルの性状 本発明は親水性−吸湿性重合物の乾燥ヒドロゲルによりなる、FDAにより分 類されたような治療学的医薬装置に関する。 ここで用いる重合物とは分子中で2つまたはそれ以上の単量体単位よりなるあ らゆる分子を意味する。 親水性−吸湿性重合物の例には重合体炭水化物とポリアクリラートとポリビニ ルピロリドンと、技術に熟達した人に知られている他のものの、変更されていな い誘導体と変更されている誘導体との両方が含まれる。 適当な重合体炭水化物には多糖類例えばアセマンナンとコンニャク(konj ac)マンナン(あるグルコマンナン)とグアーゴム(あるガラクトマンナン) とヘパリン(ある酸ムコ多糖)とグルカンとそれらの変更された類似体および誘 導体が含まれる。変更されまたは変更されていない、更に種種の多糖類と/また はその誘導体 例えばアルギナート、カラギーナン、チテイン、フィコル、フラクタン、ガラク タン、親水性セルロース誘導体、デキストラン、グリコーゲン、マルタン、澱粉 、グリコサミノグリカン、アラビアゴム、カラヤゴム、レンチナン、マンナン類 、ペクチン類、リポ多糖類、プロテオグリカン、硫酸プロテオコンドロイチン、 セファロース、キシラン、ムラミン酸、イロミン酸、シアリン酸、ウロン酸なと が、乾燥重合体サッカリド固形泡状物用の基質材料として潜在的に用いられても よい。 ここで用いられるようにヒドロゲルとは、粒子が外部または分散相中にあり、 液体媒質が内部または分散されている相中にあるコロイドである。図1参照。液 体媒質は極性溶剤例えば水であることができる。 これらの親水性−吸湿性重合物例えば重合体炭水化物は、液体媒質例えば、水 中にコロイドとして分散されるとヒドロゲルを形成し得る。ヒドロゲルは中に分 散媒質が分子スポンジ中に水のように捕捉されている複雑な格子である。存在し ている液体媒質の量に左右されてヒドロゲルの稠度は変り得る。普通、媒質が流 動的であればある程、そのヒドロゲルは粘度が小さい。変更されていないまたは 変更されている重合体炭水化物のヒドロゲルは重合体炭水化物粒子がコロイドの 形式に充分量の分散されている液状媒質全体に分配されて形式されているコロイ ドである。ある条件の下では、重合体炭水化物のヒドロゲルが、分散されている 重合体炭水化物粒子の配置即ち格子を全部崩壊することなく乾燥されてもよい。 例えば非常な低温で急速にヒドロゲルを凍結し、次いで高真空での昇華により“ 乾燥”することを含む凍結乾燥は、付加する流体の吸収によりヒ ドロゲルに変わることが出来る固形状で柔軟な重合体炭水化物泡状物を与える。 固形泡状物理的状態にある親水性−吸湿性重合物の乾燥ヒドロゲルに関する本 発明は、創傷または病巣の形に切断または形成することができる。固形状ではあ るが柔軟な治療学的装置の特質を組み込んでいる。その固形泡状材料は、それ全 体に分散されているガス例えば空気の泡を持つ軽量の多孔性の形にある。ヒドロ ゲルは、その固形泡状物が薬剤送達システムと止血剤と生物学的応答調節剤とし て役立つように、その空隙中に“捕捉されている”、非共有結合材料を用いて、 この物理的に固形の泡の形に調製することができる。 固形泡状物の形にある乾燥ヒドロゲルを創傷または病巣に適用されると、潜在 的に有害な創傷滲出物を捕捉し、被覆物と創傷/病巣の表面界面においてこの固 形泡状物がヒドロゲルに変化して、創傷または病巣から過剰な流体がこの固形泡 状物により吸収される。ヒドロゲルは創傷または病巣と接触したままでいて、下 で再生しつつある組織を損傷しない湿潤な柔軟性の創傷/病巣被覆物を提供する 。これらの物理的な事象が創傷または病巣を最適な速度で治癒させる。 アセマンナンは、“固形泡状物の形にあるアセマンナンの凍結乾燥または乾燥 ヒドロゲル”、“凍結乾燥または乾燥アセマンナン固形泡状物”あるいは“固形 泡状物の形の凍結乾燥または乾燥アセマンナンヒドロゲル”と称せられる、乾燥 ヒドロゲルの固形泡状物に形成し得る炭水化物重合物の1例である。アロエ植物 の活性物質はアセマンナンである。この物質が痛みを軽減し治療を最適にするこ とは今迄示されて来た。若しその水が、水中のアセマンナンと他の賦形剤とのコ ロイド状懸濁液により形成されるヒドロゲルから凍結 乾燥により除去されるならば、得られるアセマンナンの固形泡様マトリックスは 同じ痛み軽減と治療との性状を保持する。この固形泡状の形においては、アセマ ンナンは、多数の有用なもの例えば包帯、止血用具、移植片等に切断、形成およ び成型できる。 固形泡状の形の凍結乾燥アセマンナンの他の性状は創傷または病巣からの流体 を吸収することである。それがこの流体を吸収すると、固体状態からゲル状態に 変る。この吸収/ゲル形成過程は、創傷または病巣からの潜在的に有害な滲出物 がその泡状物により吸収され、最適に湿潤なミクロ環境が病巣部位に維持される 故に非常に有利な医薬的事象である。 湿潤なマクロ環境例えば口と呼吸気管と生殖管との粘膜においてはアセマンナ ンの固形泡状物は病巣または創傷に固着し、その場所に約1時間まではそのまま でいる。同様に、止血に適用においては、出血の上にアセマンナンの乾燥ヒドロ ゲル製のパッドの部分は血を吸収し、凝血を開始させ、一方周囲のゲルのパッド は周囲の器官表面に固着し、創傷からの付加的の流体を吸収する。 アセマンナン固形泡状物のパッドはぬれた場合自己固着性があり、疼痛軽減を 与える。局所的な形で用いられるアセマンナンは明白な毒性を持たず、体内にお いて完全に生体内分解される。凍結乾燥アセマンナン固形泡状物パッドの主要な 物理的有利さは治療しつつあり再生しつつある創傷が包帯交換の間に妨害されな いことである。治癒過程を監視するための点検の後、古いパッドの上に他の凍結 乾燥固形泡状物パッドを直接適用できる。事実、固形泡状の形のアセマンナンの 白色凍結乾燥ヒドロゲルは流体吸収に際しゲルまたはヒドロゲルに変る。生じた ゲルは透明で、創傷または病巣の表面の肉 眼視を可能にし、治療者にゲル被覆物の下の治癒過程を見ることを可能にさせる 。 固形泡状パッドの形の凍結乾燥アセマンナンは送達剤または止血剤としても役 立つ。それはガスまたは放射線により滅菌され、汚染物と湿気とから保護されて いる場合、持続的な保存性を持ち、防腐剤なしに出来る。アセマンナンの乾燥泡 状パッドは容易に、個別の創傷に合わせて形成でき、液体または体液と接触して ゲルを形式させることにより、そのゲルは、創傷または病巣を環境による汚染か ら保護するのに役立つ。この保護により創傷または病巣は最適の速さで治癒し、 それは動物および人間の研究において未処置または処置された対照のそれより速 いことが示された。 II.親水性−吸湿性重合物の乾燥ヒドロゲルの製造 A.製造方法 1つの態様では、その製造方法は液体媒質例えば水または他の極性溶剤中の、 親水性−吸湿性重合物例えば重合体炭水化物のヒドロゲルを調製し、それからそ のヒドロゲルから液体媒質を除去して、切断し、荷造りし、滅菌し、試験または 臨床使用のために貯蔵できる、固形泡状の形の、親水性−吸湿性重合物の乾燥ヒ ドロゲルを形成させることを包含している。液体例えば水と接触してその乾燥ヒ ドロゲル泡状物はヒドロゲルに交換する。 1つの製造方法における最初の段階は、炭水化物分散のコロイド(ヒドロゲル )を作るように、所望の初めの重合体炭水化物例えば粉末状アセマンナンを媒質 例えば水の中で結合させることが包含されている。 適当な重合体炭水化物と水との混合物はヒドロゲルを形成するこ とができ、1つの実施態様の割合は表1に説明されている。 それからその重合体炭水化物は脱水され、固形泡状の形の重合体炭水化物の乾 燥ヒドロゲルになる。好ましくは、その脱水は凍結乾燥により行われる。Per ry´s Cemical Engineers´Handbook(第6版) に記載のような在来の固体乾燥装置および熱伝達装置を用いてもよい。 親水性−吸湿性重合物の乾燥固形泡状物の最終的なテキスチヤーと密度とは出 発のヒドロゲル中にある水の量で左右される。ヒドロゲルの空隙に多くの水があ ればある程、乾燥固形泡状物はより低い密度の多孔性になる。一般に乾燥固体中 の水含有量は約5〜15wt%、好ましくは約8〜12wt%、更に好ましくは 約10wt%である。 多糖分散混合物と成分とそれらの割合とは表2に掲げてある。分 散混合物は塩化ベンゼトニウムをPovidon(International Specialty Products,Wayne,N.J.)と水とに、 全ての成分が完全に分散するまで混合することで始められる。それから過酸化水 素を添加し、次いで混合しながらアセマンナン粉末中に移す。アセマンナンが分 散したらば、全ての成分がよく分散するまで混合を続けながら、ヒドロキシエチ ルセルロース(Aqualon,Hopewell,Va.)を徐徐にその混合 物中に移す。 適当な品質管理規格に合うアセマンナンのみが分散混合物中に使用される。ア セマンナン粉末の規格は表3で与えられ、添加されるアセマンナンの純度を確か めるために用いられる。 その化学的性質の故に、アセマンナン(または他の多糖類)は広範な種類の、 薬学的生成物を含む他の成分または賦形薬と非共有結合を形成することができる 。重合体炭水化物のヒドロゲル存在の下での凍結乾燥混合物は所望の部位に成分 を送達するための医薬剤送達賦形薬を生成する。調製の間に混合物に添加しても よい成分の例には抗生剤(例えばテトラサイクリン、オキシテトラサイクリン、 またはゲントマイシン)、金属イオン(例えばZn,Co,FeおよびMn)、 生化学的薬剤(例えばホルモンと成長因子あるいは医 薬剤(例えば抗癌剤,抗ウイルス剤および抗真菌剤、ヌクレオシド、ヌクレオチ ド、ステロイド、局所麻酔薬;および止血剤を含む化学療法剤)を含む。微生物 も親水性−吸湿性重合物の乾燥ヒドロゲル例えば凍結乾燥アセマンナン固形泡状 物の調製の間に添加できる。微生物の例には、殺され、弱毒化され(精力を変異 され)ていることが出来るワクチン例えば細菌、真菌、原虫、酵母、ミクロプラ ズマ(microplasma)およびウイルス、あるいはそれらの成分または 粒子が含まれる。 その上、塩化ベンゼトニウムを、防腐剤のない製品製造のために、その混合物 から除外してもよい。得られる多糖固形泡状物の乾燥ヒドロケルはガスまたは放 射線例えば紫外線と熱により容易に滅菌されるので防腐剤を含める必要はない。 好ましい態様においては、防腐剤は創傷または病巣を脱水し、患者を刺激し、そ して/または新組織の最適な細胞増殖を抑制するかもしれないので、防腐剤は排 除される。 品質管理試験の後、混合物は約45℃に加熱された。それから温度を35℃に 調節した。混合物のpHは0.1N水酸化ナトリウムを用い6.5に調節し、そ れから図2で図解したような、深さ約1.8インチの凍結乾燥皿に移した。 多糖分散混合物は凍結乾燥皿にあけられ、そして外傷部位に直接適用できる、白 色木綿状固形泡状物を形成するために、凍結乾燥されてもよい。そうでなければ 、その混合物は図2に示したように、裏張り材料の上に、凍結乾燥皿1へあけら れてもよい。若しヒドロケル3が裏張り材料2の上で凍結乾燥されると、その凍 結乾燥生成物はアセマンナン固形泡状創傷包帯4である。裏張り材料は種種の型 の創傷用に適当な創傷包帯を製造するために多孔度と密度とガス並 びに液体透過性とを調節するように変えることができる。Aがアセマンナンの凍 結乾燥ヒドロゲルを、Bが裏張り材料を示している図3における分解図で示され ているこの2層創傷包帯は、図4で説明されているようにシートまたは巻物に製 造してもよい。アセマンナンの凍結乾燥ヒドロゲルは巻き上げられたシートの多 孔性側についている。多孔性側の裏は非多孔性で、巻き上げた場合、凍結乾燥ヒ ドロゲルに固着しない。アセマンナンのヒドロゲル9は、図5で見られるように 接着包帯8の中心部分に接着するように凍結乾燥されてもよい。 成分の層化(layering out)を防ぐために凍結の間厳重な環境管理を維持しな ければならない。凍結乾燥室の温度は漸進的に低下させる。 凍結乾燥機の4.8ft2の棚板中で、温度を室温から凍結点まで低下させるの に約3〜4時間かける。アセマンナンの凍結乾燥ヒドロゲル約25〜30gが表 2に与えられているアセマンナンのヒドロゲル約3.5lから得られた。それか ら最終製品は中間試験のために集められる試料に合せた適当な形と寸法とに切断 してもよい。 品質管理試験後、アセマンナン生成物の凍結乾燥固形泡状物(B節で以下記述 されるような)は単位構成要素包装を承認される。終末の滅菌はガス、放射線例 えば乾式加熱、および紫外線により行うことができる。好ましい方法は放射線で ある。最終製品包装と試験とが完結すると、試料は長期安定研究のため保有され る。 B.アセマンナン固形泡状物の凍結乾燥ヒドロゲルの品質管理 最終製品の各ロットは以下記載する特定の方法で試験され、容認され、できる 製品は表5においてLots#1とLots#2とについて説 明されているように、表4に与えられている規格に合格している。 1.外観 製品は白色、多孔性、柔軟性の中程度の強さの層を形成すべきである 。それは白色乃至オフホワイトで一様の組成のものであるべきである。この基準 から逸脱したロットは廃棄される。添加された成分は少しは外観が変ってもよく 、肉眼検査の間理由の説明がされる。 2.pH水の存在の下で、アセマンナンの凍結乾燥ヒドロゲルの容認されるpH範囲 は6.0〜7.5である。pH測定に先立って、メーターは標準pH緩衝液に対し校 正される。 3.熱重量分析 水含有量と灰分残留物(シュウ酸カルシウムと乳酸マグネシウ ムとの酸化カルシウムと硫化マグネシウム、他の塩、Natrasol残留分等)は単一 実験操作として熱重量分析により測定される。その方法は0.5%以内の機器異 変で非常に正確である。品質管理グループで使用される機器はTG 50 Thermobala nceとTC10A調節器とIBH PCデータシステムとを持つMettler TA 3500熱重量分析 器である。そのシステムの中に10mgの試料を入れ、後に続く温度プログラムは 次のようである。試料は不活性窒素ガス雰囲気中毎分20℃の速度で2℃から6 00℃まで加熱し、それから酸化条件の下で780℃に加熱する。試料はこの温 度に2分間そのままにしておく。全てのガスは流速毎分200mlに保持する。分 析が終了すると、データシステムが実時間と、重量減量対温度の微分係数(deri vative)と各ピークの対応する百分率とを打ち出す。この方法は確実なものとさ れ、標準化された。 4.微生物学的検定 この製品についての微生物学的規格は微生物学的汚染がml 当り群落形成単位100以下であることを要求してい る。製品はE.Coli,Ps aeruginosa,S.aureusまたはSalmonellasp.(発熱バクテ リア)を含んでいてはならない。 試験は製品を層流集風器の下で試料採取し、そしてその試料を特定の増殖媒質 に適用し、成長した全ての細菌の同定して行う。試料の培養に用いられる媒質は トリプチケース大豆肉汁と液体チオグリコール酸塩媒質と液体ラクトース媒質と トリプチケース大豆寒天(TSA)平板培地とクロラムフェニコールを持つSabo urandデキストロース寒天平板培地とを含んでいる。TSA平板培地はまた嫌気 的にも培養された。 5.バクテリア抑制試験 抑制試験はトリプチケース大豆寒天および血液寒天平 板培地上のバクテリアstreptococcus salivariusとStreptococcus Sanguisによ り臨床ロット#2(表5に記載)を用いて行った。35℃で72時間培養後、製品 の周囲の“無増殖”帯を測定し、記録した。この方法で製品の各ロットを試験し たわけではない。 6.サイズエクスクルージョン(Size Exclusion)クロマトグラフィー用いられ た凍結乾燥アセマンナン固形泡状物の各ロットについての分子量分布は590ポ ンプモジュールとWISP 712自働試料採取機と410示差屈折計(differential r efractomer)検出器とSpectra-physics 4290積分器とChromstation ATデータシ ステムとを用いたエクスクルージョン(exclusion)HPLCにより測定した。既知の 分子量と保持時間とを持つPullulanの基準を、全ての試料ピークの相対的分子量 測定に用いた。計算した10,000ダルトン保持時間の前に起る全てのアセマンナン 試料のピークの面積の合計を記録した。結果は10,000ダルトンより大きい材料の 百分率 として記録した。乾燥泡状物製造に用いるアセマンナンは好ましくは少くとも7 3%の10,000ダルトンより大きい材料を含有すべきである。 7.密度測定 固形アセマンナン泡状物を注意深く長方形立方体に切断する。立 方センチメートル(cc)でその立方体の体積を得るために、0.01mm単位に 格付されたマイクロメーター(Hitutoyo Corporation,Minato-ku,Tokyo,Japan) を用い長さと幅と厚さとを測定する。立方体の重量を分析用天秤を用いて測定す る。その立方体の重量と体積とから密度を立方センチメートル当りのグラム(g/ cc)で計算する。 1つの態様の泡状物について、95%信頼度の平均密度は0.024%、0.007g/cc( n=18)と計算された。上限密度0.033%0.007g/cc(n=12)は最適条件以下で凍結乾燥 されたアセマンナンのヒドロゲルのゲルを用いて測定された。 他の態様のアセマンナン固形泡状物の凍結乾燥ヒドロゲルの密度は0.0032%0.0 007g/cc(n=3)であると計算された。この密度は瓶中に静止させて泡様円板の直 径と厚さとを測定して決定した。この ことは円板は空気に晒すと崩壊する故必要であつた。 測定された直径と厚さとは円板の体積(1/2πr2h)を与えた。体重は次いで 分析天秤を用いて測定し、円板の重量を体積で割って密度を計算した。 従って、アセマンナン固形泡状物の凍結乾燥ヒドロゲルの密度は約0.003〜0.0 33g/ccの範囲であることで出来た。好ましくはその範囲は約0.02〜0.03g/ccであ るであるべきである。 III.親水性−吸湿性重合物の乾燥ヒドロゲルの使用 多糖固形泡状物は潰瘍を含む創傷と病巣の保護処置のために使用できる、凍結 乾燥された多糖ヒドロゲルである。その固形泡状製品は医薬装置として分類され 、無毒で生体内分解性の多糖を含有している。本発明の装置は自己接着性で、比 較的長時間目的部位に接触したままでいることになる。 アセマンナン固形泡状物は主としてアセマンナンと5〜15%の水とからなる 。好ましい態様は水8〜12%、最も好ましい態様では水約10%を含有する。 アセマンナンはO−アセチル基が散在している。長鎖で多分散性のb−(1, 4)−結合マンナン重合物よりなる。動物および人間両方の研究において、アセ マンナンは強力な免疫調節剤であつて抗感染剤であることが示されている。アセ マンナン固形泡状物の凍結乾燥ヒドロゲルの、創傷または病巣部位への適用は外 傷部位へより増大した濃度のアセマンナンを送達し、治癒を増強することができ る。 動物への非経口投与のアセマンナンを用いる急性および亜急性動物研究におい ては80mg/kgまでは全身的毒性は殆ど見られなかっ た。健康な人間及び動物における研究は、経口的または局所的にアセマンナンを 投与した場合殆ど無毒であることを示した。 凍結乾燥した多糖固形泡状装置は創傷または病巣を湿潤で感染することなくし ておくのを確実にするため多種類の創傷または病巣ヘの使用があり、包帯交換に より悩まされなくてもよい。動物においては、凍結乾燥多糖固形泡状物は膿瘍と 瘻と湿潤性皮膚炎と湿疹との処置において創傷滲出物吸収のため使用してもよい 。本発明はまた大面積を覆うことができる滅菌材料を必要とする乾性創傷処置の ために使用してもよい。記載された多糖固形泡状物は食塩水または他の適当な治 療学的液体または懸濁液により再構成され、火傷と擦傷と切開性創傷とに適用で きる湿潤なゲルを形成することができる。 例えばAloe veraゲルを含有するCarrington Dermal Wound Gel(CDWG)で処置 した、モルモットの盛り上った(full)厚さの熱創傷は平均30日で治癒した。 銀スルファダイアジン(Silvadene)で処置した創傷は治癒に平均47日を必要 とし、ただのガーゼ包帯で処置したものは平均50日で治癒した[Rodriguez et al.,“Comparative Evaluation of Aloe vera in the Management of Burn Wo unds in Ginea Pigs”,Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,vol.81,no3,386- 89頁(1988)。 人間においては、本発明は切傷と擦傷と術後創傷と火傷と潰瘍と皮膚炎とおむ つかぶれと皮膚過敏症と他の型の組織障害との処置に有用であつてもよい。アセ マンナンを含有するCarrington Dermal Wound Gel(CDWG)はガーゼ包帯だけに よる処置に比較して、男性篤志家の部分的厚さの皮膚創傷の治癒速度を45%も 増大させることが判った。凍結乾燥アセマンナン固形泡状物は幾つかの有利さを 提供する一方、創傷治癒に少くともCDWGと同じ有効性を持つことが期待され る。本発明は特にいろいろな歯科的適用において有用であつてもよい。 例えば、アセマンナン固形泡状物の乾燥ヒドロゲルの免疫刺激活性は口腔の真 菌と細菌とウイルスとの感染を除去するのに助けになる筈である。固形泡状の形 にあるアセマンナンの凍結乾燥ヒドロゲルはherpes simplexウイルスにより引起 される口唇匐行診(急性天疱瘡)の処置において有効であることが示された。 口唇匐行診は人口の約20〜30%に起り、頬または唇の粘膜の病変組織で特 徴づけられる。 凍結乾燥アセマンナン固形泡状物はまたアセマンナンの証明されている免疫増 強と抗腫瘍活性とを考慮すると、口腔火傷と新形成とを処置するのに有用であつ てもよい。更にその上乾燥アセマンナン固形泡状物は歯周手術、抜歯、歯科的移 植または歯科的生検後の詰め物および/または包帯として有用であつてもよい。 最近終了した研究は実施例1で記載の如く、再発生アフタ性潰瘍の処置におけ る凍結乾燥アセマンナン固形泡状物の有効性が示された。 再発性アフタ性潰瘍(RAU)、アフタ性口内炎としても知られている、は人 口の約15〜20%に起り、多くの不快さの源であり得る。多くの患者は単に孤 立した潰瘍化の唯ときどきの発生を経験するだけであるが、他の人はその人の生 命の質にひどく影響する連続の病変組織に悩まされる。再発生二次アフタ性潰瘍 化は粘膜のみが関与し、口腔組織の深部層には影響しない。それは通常7〜14 日で瘢痕を残すことなく、粘膜再生により治癒する。 種々な製品が再発性二次アフタの処理における治療学的有効性を評価されたが 適切に記録されたものはほとんどなく、何か特別な製品の効力を証明した再現性 のある研究はなされた。局所麻酔剤を含有するかまたは口腔環境からの保護を提 供する製品は最も普通の処置である。しかし、これらの製品の幾つかは不快な味 またはテクスチャーを持ち、他のものは適用に際して患者を痛ませる。その上、 影響される組織に粘着し、それを口腔の環境から保護するように設計された幾つ かの製品は80%より多くのアルコールからなり、適切な治癒のために適当な湿 潤な環境を確保するよりは、組織を乾燥させ、さらに損傷するようである。 ヒドロゲルは最適な創傷治癒に必要な湿潤な環境を提供するのに理想的な薬剤 である。潰瘍化されている組織を口腔の環境から保護し、同時に適当な水和を可 能にさせるヒドロゲルは口腔粘膜潰瘍の治癒過程を早めるのに役立たせることが できよう。 綿毛の様な固形泡状の形の乾燥アセマンナンヒドロゲルは接触すると口腔粘膜 に接着し、ゆっくりとゲルに再水和し、そこに約1時間まではそのまま残る。試 験研究はこの製品が再発生アフタ性潰瘍の治癒過程に影響を与えるかどうかを決 定するように設計された。 実施例1 血管壊死を持つ猫を“包帯”裏張を持つ、固形泡状の形のアセマンナンの凍結 乾燥ヒドロゲルの治療学的装置を用いて処置した。その装置を足根/中足のひど く損傷されている面に適用した。治療学的装置の最初の適用1夜後に、腫脹に劇 的減少があり、腐肉形成はほんの少ししか起らなかった 治療学的装置の、約24時間毎の3回の連続適用後、創傷は著し く治癒した。それからその猫は診療所から放免された。 実施例2 再発性アフタ性潰瘍の処置におけるOrabaseTMとアセマンナンヒドロゲルと固 形泡状の形の凍結乾燥アセマンナンヒドロゲルとの有効性を完全な治癒が起るの に要する時間を監視することにより決定する臨床研究が立案された。 48時間以内の少くとも1つの病巣を持つ、再発性アフタ性潰瘍の病歴を持つ 60名の篤志患者の二重盲検無作為研究を先ず行った。患者は乱数表に基き2つ の群の1つに抽出された。I群はColgate-Hoyt Laboratoriesにより製造された 柔軟なゲルとグアーとのOrabaseTMで処理された患者30名よりなる。II群は防 腐剤としてメチルパラベンと塩化ベンゼトニウムとを持つゲル持つゲル賦形薬中 のアセマンナン0.1%濃度であるアセマンナンヒドロゲルで処置された患者3 0名よりなる。 次いで、25名の篤志患者を包含するオープンラベル(open-label)研究を始 めた。この患者(III群)はI群とII群との処置に用いたのと同じ要綱を用い、 アセマンナン固形泡状物の凍結乾燥ヒドロゲルで処置された。 各篤志患者は病巣が治癒するまで1日4回その病巣の適当な処置が適用された 。患者はその処置を通じて、3日毎に臨床的に査定された。臨床的に査定は病巣 寸法測定と紅斑の度合いと痛みの強さと臨床的改善の査定者の印象とからなる。 試験項目 A.I群:OrabaseTMが適切にレッテルをはられた0.17オンス管で供給さ れた。OrabaseTMは柔軟化ゲルとグアーとからなる。 B.II群:アセマンナン約1%含有のアセマンナンヒドロゲルを0.5オンス 管で支給された。 C.III群:固形泡状の形の凍結乾燥アセマンナンヒドロゲルを患者に、試験 品の“綿撒糸”60を含む適切にレッテルをはられたガラス瓶に入れて支給され た。各綿撒糸は約1cm2であつた。固形泡状の形の凍結されたアセマンナンヒド ロゲルは表2に見えるような成分よりなる混合物から調製された。 篤志患者の選択 選ばれた篤志家は再発性二次アフタの陽性病歴をもつ少くとも18才のもので あつた。両性の篤志家達は良好な一般的健康なものであるが、頬粘膜、唇粘膜、 軟口蓋または口床に48時間以内の期間のアフタ病巣を少くとも1つ持つていた 。 篤志家はAloe veraまたは試験品中の他の成分に過敏な履歴を示したらばこの 研究から排除した。篤志家は過去2週間の間に、罹患区域に何かの薬物を局所的 に適用された者、歯科矯正学的装置例えばブレース、ブラケットまたは保定器を 持つ者、過去1ケ月以内に歯科手術を受けた者、過去1ケ月の間に全身的なステ ロイド使用された者、過去2週間の間に抗生剤使用された者、再発生口腔潰瘍形 成例えばベーチェット疾患、クローン疾患、潰瘍性大腸炎、貧血等として明示し てもよい全身的疾患の陽性の履歴を持つ者、最近48時間に非ステロイドの使用 された者あるいは現在麻薬またはアルコール濫用している者も除外された。妊娠 している篤志家もまたこの研究から除外された。 要綱 A.予備処理方法 1.研究者はこの研究に酸化を認める前に患者から署名したインフォームドコン セント書類を得た。 2.篤志家は審査して、48時間以内維持している二次アフタ性潰瘍少くとも1 つの存在を確めた。限定により、潰瘍は頬粘膜、唇粘膜、軟口蓋または口床に位 置した。人口学的調査並びに完全な医学的履歴が得られた。過去30日内にとら れたものを含み現在の投薬が記録された。 3.患者の再発性アフタの病歴は患者の口腔潰瘍化の体験の充分に詳細な評価を 記録することにより証明された。得られたデータには次のものが含まれている。 a.誘発性薬剤 b.年当りアフタの平均数 c.発生当りのアフタの平均数 d.治癒のための時間の平均的長さ、及び e.患者により用いられた治療学的様式 4.初めの病巣寸法を1mm目盛りで目盛られた滅菌規定を用いて測定した。水平 及び垂直方向両方の病巣の最大幅を記録した。その病巣に伴われた紅斑の度合を 、紅斑なし=0,軽度の紅斑=1,中程度の紅斑=2,重度の紅斑=3である尺 度0〜3を用いて記録した。 5.患者の不快さは患者により、痛みなし=0,軽度の痛み=1,中程度の痛み =2,ひどい痛み=3である尺度0〜3を用い分類した。 6.患者がこの研究に参加を認められると、彼等は適切な適用に関する説明と共 に試験品が渡される。患者は食事並びに口腔衛生 学的手順に引続いて、その薬剤を毎日4回、確認された病巣へ局所的に適用する ことを教えられる。彼等には患者日誌を与えられ、試験品の各適用時間を記入す ることを教えられる。さらに、彼等は試験品投与後直ちに体験した不快さの度合 とその日の体験した不快さの総括的度合を、前記の尺度を用いて患者日誌に分類 して記入する。患者は確認された病巣が完全に治癒するまで3日毎にその患者日 誌と共に復帰する。 B.査定往診 評価往診ごとに次の事を行った。 1.調査員は患者と共に患者日誌を精査した。 2.病巣寸法を前処理評価におけるように測定した。 3.紅斑の度合を前記の等級づけ尺度を用いて測定した。 4.病巣の総括的改善に関する調査員の査定は次の尺度を用いて記録した。 4 潰瘍完治 3 著しい改善 2 中程度の改善 1 やや改善 0 潰瘍不変 −1 潰瘍悪化 5.完全な治癒があつたと決定された往診では、調査員は全ての試験品と患者 日誌とを回収した。患者は投薬についての意見並びに一般的な、試験手順につい ての意見を求められた。 統計分析 データは、OrabaseTMに依って処置された患者30名と、アセマ ンナンヒドロゲルにより処置された患者30名と、固形泡状の形の凍結乾燥アセ マンナンにより処置された患者25名とに関する個人報告書から1993年5月 17日に回収した情報よりなる。この分析に用いたデータには総括的な患者の不 快さと、アセマンナンの適用ごとの事前並びに事後の不快さと、患者日誌に報告 されていたような、凍結乾燥アセマンナン固形泡状物の口腔に残っていた時間が 含まれている。更にその上、そのデータは臨床的評価の結果(即ち、臨床的等級 づけ評価点紙に報告されているような不快さと紅斑の度合と調査員の査定)が含 まれている。 治癒時間は最初の往診の日付を最後の往診の日付から引いて計算した。データ を“釣り合せる”ために、各患者の最終データの値が、5回の往診の臨床的等級 づけデータと15日間の日誌データとを得るために次に繰り越された。 処置による治癒時間に関し、平均偏差と標準偏差と値域とが算定された。分散 量分析(ANOVA)が、治癒時間が3つの処置群について有意に異なっている かどうかの決定に用いられた。その処置群間の有意の差が見出されたらば、どこ にその差が起っているかを確定するためFisherのLSDが用いられた。掲げられ た残りの変数に関し、その平均偏差と標準偏差と値域とが計算され、往診数と処 置とにより作表された。ANOVAが各時点における処置群間の差の調査のため に行われた。対応する非パラメーター試験もまた行われた。有意の差はFisherの LSDを用いて調査された。 凍結乾燥アセマンナン固形泡状物で処置された患者(III処置群)についての 平均治癒時間は、I群の平均値7.96とII群の平均値5.89日と比較して、 5.8日であつた。この差異は統計的に有 意である(p=0.0028)。組合せ比較は、有意さがI群とII群との間と、I群と III群との間の差によることが示された。 往診ごとの潰瘍寸法と紅斑と不快さと調査員の査定との平均値と中央値とを表 わすグラフが図6〜13にある。統計的な有意の差は、紅斑(p=0.0526 ANOVA ,p=0.0519 Kruskal-Wallis)と、調査員査定(p=0.0021 ANOVA,p=0.002 7 KW)と、不快さ(p=0.0508 ANOVA,p=0.0516 KW)と、潰瘍寸法(p=0.0 494 KW)とに関し、往診1において見出されている。有意さは、I群とIII群と の間にのみ差がある不快さを除き、I群とII郡間とI群とIII群間との差によつ ている。臨床的等級づけデータに関しては他の有意の差は見出されなかった。 患者日誌中で、患者は凍結乾燥アセマンナン固形泡状物が口腔内に平均48.24 分(SD 17.22)残留したと報告した。アセマンナン泡状物適用の直後と2分後と の不快さ評点の平均変化は0.9762であつた。この差は統計的に有意(p=0.0001 )であり、体験された不快さの改善を示している。処置直前と処置に伴う不快さ の記録とに加えて、患者は毎日における総括的不快さを記録した。日誌に記録さ れたような総括的不快さには差がなかつた。 この研究では、凍結乾燥アセマンナン固形泡状物がアフタ性潰瘍の処置に有効 であることが示されている。OrabaseTMで処置された群に比較して治癒時間は2 7%減少した。更にその上、患者は凍結乾燥アセマンナン固形泡状物による処置 後の不快さにおける有意の減少を報告している。 本発明とその有利さとを詳細に説明したが、開示されている着想と特定の態様 とが、本発明と同じ目的を実施するための他の組成物 と構造物とを変更または構想する基礎として容易に用いられてもよいことは、こ の技術に熟達している人達により理解されるべきである。また、それに相当する 構成は添付されている請求事項中に述べる本発明の精神と範囲とから逸脱しない こともこの技術に熟達している人達により認識されるべきである。Detailed Description of the Invention Title of invention Dry hydrogels from hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymers Background technology The present invention comprises a dried hydrogel of a hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymer, in the form of a solid. It has the shape of a bubble. Therapeutic medicinal device as classified by the FDA ), More particularly wound / focal dressings, drug delivery systems, hemostats or biology Drying of polymeric carbohydrates such as acemannan used as biological response modifiers Regarding hydrogels. I. Wound care Wound healing involves contraction, closure and healing of trauma injury to wound, tissue integrity Russ is a complex series of biochemical cellular events. Wound treatment is an additional injury and / or Or the wound must be protected from environmental factors that delay the healing process. Wound care usually involves integrated systemic use, including the use of antibiotics and the application of appropriate bandages. And with local methods. The main function of the wound dressing provides an optimal healing environment. Is to provide. Wounds, for example, are isolated from the external environment before healing can begin. Must be done. The wound dressing embraces the wound mimicking the natural barrier function of the epithelium. Optimal To provide a perfect healing environment, wound dressings control bleeding and protect the wound from the external environment To prevent contamination or infection thereon and maintain a moist microenvironment next to the wound surface Should be. Wound contamination can be caused by the patient's own skin or gastrointestinal tract at the time of injury or thereafter. , From contact with infected objects or ingress of dirt, dust or microorganisms May be given. For example, unless effective measures are taken to prevent infection, Virtually all burns can be colonized by bacteria within 12 to 24 hours. Have been found. In general, infections further damage tissues and promote inflammation to promote wound healing. Interfere with. The subsequent healing of the wounds leads to vascular leakage, release and activation of lytic enzymes, The generation of free radicals, the consumption of enzymes, and the progression of inflammation, which consists of sensitization of the tissue nerve endings. More late. Therefore, the tissue's ability to resist infection in any way that limits inflammation. And should promote wound healing under conditions that do not undermine essential macrophage function Is. Until then, including the end of the 1950s, wounds were used to prevent bacterial infections. It was generally accepted that it should be kept as dry as possible. However However, various studies have questioned this idea, as moist wounds are actually exposed to air. Heal faster than wounds that were left intact or covered with conventional dry dressings Was found. W.H.Baglestein, “The E ffect of Occlusive Dressings on Collagen Synthesis and Re-epitheliallzat ion in Superficial Wounds ”, An Environment for Healing: The Role of Occ lusion Ryan, T.J. (ed.) International Congress and Symposium Series No. 8 8, London, Royal Society of Hedicine, 31-38 (1985), A moist occlusive dressing can increase the resurfacing rate by about 40%. I concluded. II. Available products As a result of our greater understanding of the wound healing process, many new wounds A treatment product has been developed. Each of these products has advantages and disadvantages. big And / or in the case of irregular wounds, available solid coatings such as gel and plus Tick and gelatinous sheets are generally healed, especially for wounds with irregular surfaces. Does not maintain the required close contact. The liquid gel covers the wound surface but localizes it, Difficult to maintain. A. Absorbent bandage Semi-permeable and non-permeable wound dressings retain moisture in the wound but do not Does not actively absorb the moisture of. Accumulation of wound fluid at the outflow point is disaggregated and bacteriological. It can have serious consequences, including overrearing of the rear. Used to absorb exudates Bandages are often made from cotton or viscous fiber enclosed in sleeve gauze. ing. Such bandages are highly absorbent but can reduce wound formation if fluid production is reduced. Shows a tendency to adhere to the surface. Furthermore, absorbable wound dressings are generally Do not provide adequate protection of these wounds. B. Non-adhesive bandage Non-adhesive bandages are designed so that they do not stick to the wound. Gaze is often Impregnated with paraffin or petroleum jelly to provide a non-adhesive dressing. However, the impregnated material can flake off, requiring bandage replacement and Traumatic tissue growth. In addition to the impregnated gauze type, the non-adhesive bandage is a pre-formed non-adhesive membrane layer. It may also consist of a lined absorbent pad. C. Hydrogel bandage Hydrogels are complex media in which the dispersion medium is trapped like water in a molecular sponge. It is a grid. Obtained hydrogels are typically insoluble polymers with hydrophilic moieties And interacts with the aqueous solution to absorb and retain a significant amount of fluid. Hydrogel dressings are non-stick and have a higher water content. Hydrogel It is reported to increase epidermal healing. Hydrogel gradually absorbs fluid Reduce its viscosity. When liquefied, the hydrogel conforms to the shape of the wound and removes it. It doesn't hurt you. However, the currently available hydrogels do not biodegrade and are completely cured. It does not consistently enhance the healing process. D. Absorbent material The absorbable material decomposes in vivo and does not need to be removed. Especially as a hemostatic agent inside Useful, these materials include collagen, gelatin and oxidized cellulose. . GelfoamTM, Absorbable gelatin sponge is available and has been available since mid-1940. It was used as a local hemostatic agent in various surgical procedures. GelfoamTM, The trademark of absorbable gelatin sterilized sponge manufactured by Upjohn is A medical device intended to be applied to a bleeding surface as a hemostatic agent. It's refined, pig's Water-insoluble, off-white, inelastic, porous soft prepared from skin collagen Product. It absorbs blood and other fluids many times its weight, while Can be held in the gap. Gelfoam without excessTMIs tissue-reactive and complete Is absorbed by. This absorption depends on the amount used and the degree of saturation with blood or other fluids and the area used. It depends on several factors, including position. Gelfoam when placed in soft tissueTMIs usually excessive 4-6 weeks without inducing various scar tissue Is completely absorbed by. Physician's Desk Reference (1993 edition) is the most necessary to achieve hemostasis. A small amount of GelfoamTMUse it alone to hold it at the injury site until the bleeding stops. I recommend you to do so. Once hemostasis is reached, excess GelfoamTMOf the skin helicopter It may interfere with healing and should be removed with care. Furthermore, Gelf oamTMShould not be placed inside the vessel because of the risk of embolism. Besides, GelfoamTMIs not recommended for use in the presence of pathogens. Young GelfoamTMBut If there is any sign of infection or abscess in the area where it is placed, remove the infected material. And may require reoperation to allow drainage. Other notes are GelfoamTMIs a fine fibrous collagen debris Since it has been shown to pass through a 40 micron infusion filter on the stem, It should not be used in connection with blood recovery circuits. E. FIG. Polysaccharide dressing The oldest and most permanent material used to treat wounds is honey, mainly gluco- It is a complex mixture of sucrose and fructose. Honey has a low pH of about 3.7 Then, it creates an environment unfavorable to bacterial growth. But honey has a high osmotic pressure , Effectively drains water from surrounding tissues and dehydrates the regenerating epithelial cells Good. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the use of sugar, sucrose as a wound dressing. However , Commercial sugar supplies are not always sterile, calcium phosphate, aluminum silicate Sodium or other salts may be included. Topical use of sugar is counterproductive Relatively no sugar manages Has not been shown to be effective as a single treatment for wounds in clinical trials It may be prone to dehydrate epithelial cells, macrophages and fibroblasts. Available polysaccharide dressings eg DebrisanTMGuru manufactured by Pharmacia The linear polymer of the course is poured into the wound and is a simple bandage pad or semipermeable Formed into beads or particles covered with a plastic film. Bead acceptable Despite its dynamic nature, it provides a highly absorbent material that the beads can biodegrade. No, DebrisanTMMakes it difficult to use for shallow wounds. III. Pharmaceutical properties of polysaccharides It has been found that polysaccharides exhibit pharmacological and physiological activity without the aid of other ingredients. There are many examples in the literature that show what is coming. Gialdroni-Grassi, International Arc hives of Allergy and Applied Immunology, 76 (Suppl.1) 119-127; O hno et al., Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 33 (6) 2564-2. 568 (1985); Leibovici et al., Chemico-Biological Interactions, 6 0 191-200 (1986); Ukai et al., Chemical and Pharmaceutial. Bulletion, 31 741-744 (1983); Leibovici et al., Anticancer. Research, 5553-558 (1985). One such example is atherosclerosis Concerning the occurrence of. In the general population and especially during familial hypercholesterolemia Hyperlipidemia is associated with coronary heart disease and death. In countries with high fiber intake, Atherosclerosis appears to be uncommon. Trowe1l et al., Editors, Refined C arbohydrate Foods and Disease, London, Academic Press, 207 (1975) ). Pectin and guar are normal and high in lipid It has been reported to reduce cholesterol in patients with hyperemia. Kay et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 30 171-175 (1977) . Carob gum, a polysaccharide consisting of mannose and galactose, is a normal family To reduce plasma lipoprotein cholesterol levels in subjects with congenital hypercholesterolemia It Zavoral et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 38 285. -294 (1983). Gua-rubber addition to carbohydrate diet is normal and diabetic subjects Decreases the postprandial rise in glucose. Jenkins et al., Lancet, 2 779 -780 (1977). Kuhl, et al., Diabetes Care, 6 (2) 152-1 54 (1983) Gua Gum Glycemic Control in Pregnant Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus I proved to show you. The antitumor activity of polysaccharides has been widely reported. Prepared from Lentinus cyathiformis The polysaccharides are known to increase host defense against tumors. Rethy et al., Annales Immunologia Hungaricae 21 285-290 (1981). Polysaccharides from mushroom, yeast or bacterial extracts spread the virus and tumors However, there are some reports that it is possible to induce a high level of host defense activity. Chihara, Nature 222 687 (1969); Schwartzman et al., Proceedin gs of the Society for Experiment Biology and Hedicine, 29 737-74 1 (1932); Suzuki et al., Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamics 7 (7) 4. 92-500 (1984) is also a cultured fruiting body of the fungus, Grifola frondosa. The anti-tumor activity of the polysaccharide fraction (GF-1) extracted from the above is reported. This fraction is belly Intraluminal (IP), intravenous (IV) or intratumoral (IT) When given, it showed comparable and high levels of activity. However, oral administration (PO) is ineffective Met. The GF-1 fraction was also found in solid form Meth A fibrosarcoma and M in mice. It also showed antitumor activity against M46 cancer. 6-branched b-1-3 similar to GF-1 Lentinan, a bound glucan, has no effect on Meth A fibrosarcoma. Chihara, “The antitumor polysaccharides Lentina: Review:“ Manipulation of Host Defense Mechanisms; Ed. by Aoki et al., Excerpta Medica, North Holl and, 1-16 (1981); Sasaki et al., Carbohydrate Reserch, 47 ( 1) 99-104 (1976). Combined branch polysaccharides were also reported to exhibit antitumor activity. Matsuzaki et al., Ma kromol Chem., 186 (3) 449-456 (1985). Matsuzaki et al. [Makro mol.Chem., 187 (2) 325-331 (1986)] shows remarkable activity. Branched polysaccharides b- (1-4) -D-mannopyranoses and b- (1-4) -linked glucos Both mannan and were synthesized. Extracted from the fruiting body of Dicytyophoria indusiata Fisch Partially acetylated linear b- (1-3) -D-mannan is also released. Exhibits antitumor activity. Hara, Carbohydrate Research, 143.111 (198 2). The antitumor effect is that the b- (1-3) -glucan type polymer is b- (1-4) -g Due to its higher antitumor activity than that of lukane and half-cellulosic polymers, It appears to depend on the mold and the degree of polymerization. Hatsuzaki et al., Makromol Chem., 18 7325-331 (1986). B- (1- obtained from the bacterial medium filtrate 3) -Carboxymethylated derivative of glucan is established within 2 hours after its injection. Sarcoma 180 tumors caused severe cell loss. Baba, Journal of Imm unopharmacology8 (6) 569-572 (1986). The same author relies on injection of the substance, polymorphonuclear leukocytes A compensatory increase in Concomitantly, bestatin, immunomodulatory and antitumor activity A dipeptide known to have [Ishizuka, Journal of Antibiltics, 32 642-652 (1980)] does not affect tumor production or polymorphonuclear leukocyte count. Yes. Baba et al, supra. Heparin [Jolles et al., Ata Univ. Int. Cancer, 16 682-685 ( 1960); Suemasu et al., Gann, 61 (2) 125-130 (1970)]. , Sulfated Laminaran and Dextran [Jolles et al., British Journal of Canc , 17 109-115 (1963)], and the antitumor effect of sulfated polysaccharides. There are many reports on this. Yamamoto et al. Is Japanese Journal of Experimental M edicine, 54 143-151 (1984), further studying the antitumor bulking properties of fucoidan. It was reported to be enhanced by sulfation. Sulfated product is L-1210 white The activity against blood was shown. The authors found that the mechanism of antitumor action was partially related to tumor cells. Suppression of invasive proliferation of L-1210 cells as a result of electrostatic repulsion with mesothelial cells I assumed that it might be due to the regulations. Yamamoto et al, supra. Polysaccharide with sulfate group Are also artificial mitogens and murine polyclonal B cell activators. It is also reported that there is. Sugawara et al., Hicrobiological Immunology, 2 8 (7) 831-839 (1984). Generally, high molecular weight homopolysaccharides with sulfate groups Kinds have these properties. Dorries, European Journal of Immunology, 4 230-233 (1974); Sugawara et al., Cell Immunology, 7416. 2-171 (1982). Glucans extracted from the yeast Saccharomyces cervisiae are cell- and humoral-free. It has been reported to be a modifier of epidemics. Wooles et al., Science, 142 10 79-1080 (1963). The glucans extracted are the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells of the mouse. Cells and granulocytes Macrophage colony forming cells and myeloid and erythroid colony forming Stimulates proliferation with cells. Pospisil et al., Experimentia, 38 1232-1 234 (1982); Burgaleta, Cancer Research, 37 1739-1742. (1977). Maisin et al. [Radiation Research, 105 276-281 (19 86)] also showed that IV administration of polysaccharides protects murine hematopoietic stem cells against X-ray exposure. It was reported to induce and thereby reduce the mortality rate of exposed mice. Lackovic et al. [Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Me dicine, 134, 874-879 (1970)] takes the yeast cell wall and The constituents are extracted, leaving only "mannan", which is the interface of peritoneal leukocytes. It was found to be the cause of induction of ferron production. Responsible for this physiological response It is claimed that "refined mannan" has a molecular weight of 5,500-20,000 daltons. have. He found that mannan stimulated mouse peritoneal mactophages to induce q-in It was theoretically assumed that terferon was produced. He also poisons the mannan he isolated It shows no sex and states that they are incompetent antigens. Antiviral and Lackovic et al.'S reference to the use of "purified mannan" for IL-1 stimulation: Absent. I am not familiar with the “purified mannan” of Lackovic and others, and it has not been fixed. And that it contained a collection of non-substituted mannan. Seljelid et al. [Experimental Cell Research ch, 131 (1) 121-129 (1981)] is insoluble or gel-forming green. Whereas can activates macrophages in vitro, the corresponding soluble glycans It was observed that it did not activate. They said that when glycans are presented to mononuclear phagocytes It was hypothesized that the placement of the was critical for activation. Bogwald [Sca ndinavian Journal of Immunology, 20: 3 55-360 (1984)] has a stimulating effect on macrophages in vitro. Glycan was immobilized. This means that the authors found that the spatial arrangement of glycans was in vitro. Made me believe that the effect on macrophages in . Purified polysaccharide isolated from Candida albicans Antibody responses were elicited by peripheral blood lymphocytes. Wirz et al. , Cli natural Immunology and Immunopathology y, 33 199-209 (1984). In addition, normal individuals and Candida infected individuals There are considerable differences between anti-Candida antibodies in the body and serum. Wir z et al. , Listed above. As discussed above, a polysaccharide material recovered from plants, yeast and bacteria. Biological activity of erythrocytes directly leads to an increase in the host defense system. It exhibits physical activity and this reaction is primarily due to increased host surveillance for other antigenic substances. Will be revealed by. Polysaccharides are immunosuppressive with adjuvants (DEAE, dextran, etc.) Useful as a medicine. They also function as unique T-cell independent antigens obtain. Both cell and humoral immunity affect phagocytosis of infected bacteria , And the tumor cells were observed to enhance immunoglobulin production. The structure of these immunologically active polysaccharides and the types of their structural variants are both potent and toxic. And seems to be the controlling factor. Although the mode of action is poorly understood, However, recent evidence suggests that some polysaccharides cause widespread immunity in lymphocytes and macrophages. It has been shown to induce biologically active substances. For example, 2-keto-3-deoquine-D-manno-octylurosonic acid (KDO) is Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) provides minimal signal for macrophage host defense activation It appears to be the chemical part of [Lebbar et al. , Eur. J. I mmunol, 16 (1) 87-91 (1986). ] The anti-virus activity of polysaccharides and polysaccharides linked to peptides was observed. S uzuki, et al. , Journal of Antibiotics, 32 1336-1345 (1979). Suzuki et al., Listed above, is Lenti peptide mannan (KS- extracted from mycelial medium of nus edodes The anti-viral effect of 2) was reported. Orally and intraperitoneally administered mice were infected with virus Protect against maximal serum interferon to increase titer. This means that interferon in mice is only Dextran Phosphate (DP-40) [Suzuki et al. al. , Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 14 9 (4) 1069-1075 (1975)] as well as 9-methylstreptimidone (9-MS) [Saito et al. , Antimier, Agent & Chemotherapy, 10 (1) 14-19 (1976)]. Others have also studied complex polysaccharides [Saeki et al. , Japanes e Journal of Pharmacology, 24 (1) 109-1 18 (1974)] and glycoproteins [Arita et al. , Journ al of Biochemistry, 76 (4) 861-869 (1974). )] And sulfated polysaccharides [Rocha et al. , Biochemical Pharmacology, 18 1285-1295 (1969)] Was reported. Ukai et al. [Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynam ics, 6 (12) 983-990 (1983)] from some fruiting bodies of molds. The activity of the extracted polysaccharide was shown. The polysaccharide is carrageenan-induced edema in rats Showed a significant deterrent effect against. In addition, one of the polymers, O-acetylated-D- Mannan (T-2-HN), Phenylbutazo for Irritating Hyperalgesia It showed a remarkable deterrent effect than Ukai et al. , Listed above. The polysaccharide is The claim that it does not contain protein and lipids suggests that the effect is acetylated manna. It strongly suggests that it depends on Mannan, including glucomannan and galactomannan, has long been used by humans. It has come. Galactomannan, for example in the form of plant gum, is used to regulate food texture. Widely used as a binder for Furthermore, some Mannan It showed significant therapeutic properties [Davis and Lewis, eds. Je anes, A .; , Hodge, J .; , In: American Chemical Societ y Symposium, Series 15, Washington, DC, American Society, 1975]. Chief of Japanese private medicine healer I believed that some fungal extracts had anti-cancer activity. This is according to the survey Many of these extracts were found to contain complex carbohydrates with immunostimulatory activity It was These carbohydrates are usually mannose (mannan) and glucose (glucan). ), Xylose (hemicellulose), fructose (levan) and mixtures of these It is a polymer with. Individual sugars may have a branched or unbranched tether However, they may be combined in different ways. Kurucan is these immunostimulatory charcoal hydration The most widely studied of the things. They are not toxic, but mannan is more It has gradually become clear that even if it is not effective, it is as effective as glucan . IV. Properties of acemannan A. Purified from Aloe vera Aloe is a member of the lily family, Harding, Aloe of the World: A Checklist, Index and Code, Ex celsa 9 57-94 (1979). Aloe barbadensis Miller is very effective, with its widespread use and allegedly It is generally recognized as "intrinsic Aloe" because of its healing power. In Japan , Aloe Arborescens Miller, from gastrointestinal disease in athletes It has been traditionally used as a folk remedy for a variety of diseases ranging up to the foot. Aloe vera is on the stem in rosette style, It is a perennial plant with puffy green leaves. The leaves of a mature plant are sawn along the edges It may have a barbed thorn and may be 25 inches or more in length. Aloe vera is two main liquid sources, yellow latex (exudate) and clear It contains various gels (mucus). Aloe barbadensis Mil The dried exudate of ler leaves is called aloe. The commercial name is Curacao Aloe. It consists mainly of aloin, aloe-emodin and phenolics. B urce, South African Medical Journal, 4 1 984 (1967); Morrow et al. , Archives o f Dermatology, 116 1064-1065 (1980); Ma. pp et al. , Planta Medica, 18 361-365 (1 970); Rauwald, Archives Pharmazie, 315. 477-478 (1982). Many fluxes, including anthraquinones and their glycosides The enols are known to be pharmaceutically active. Bruce, Excel sa, 5 57-68 (1975); Suga et al. , Cosmeti cs and Toiletries, 98 105-108 (1983). The mucoid jelly from the parenchymal cells of the plant is called Aloe vera gel. Be done. In general, the gel is anthrax unless contaminated by improper processing techniques. It does not decompose or cause gel discoloration. Aloe vera gel About 98.5 wt% is water. Over 60% of all solids are carbohydrate-derived polysaccharides is there. Organic acids and inorganic compounds, especially calcium oxalate, form the balance of the solids. Have been. Aloe plant whole leaf and exudate and fresh gel used for various human suffering Was done. Evidence of its use as a medicinal remedy traces to BC400 Egyptians Can be Aloe vera is also deadly to prevent the dead. It was also used to protect preservatives from sources. Other ancient civilizations are Kun To reduce insect bites and bites, and to treat scratches and ulcerative skin , For skin care to promote wound healing and to prevent hair loss, and as a laxative Aloe vera was used. Aloe vera is the traditional medicine of many civilizations Among them, it is used as an anthelmintic agent, a bowel movement agent, and a stomachic agent. Among them, leprosy and burns Used for allergic conditions. Cole et al. , Archiv es of Dermatology and Syphilology, 47 250 (1943); Chopra et al. , Glossy of Indian Medicinal Plants, Counsil of Scientific and Industrial Research, N ew Delh: (1956); Ship, Journal of the A american Medical Association, 238 (16) 1 770 1772 (1977); Morton, Atlas of Medic. internal plants of Middle American American Bahma s to Yucatan, Charles C. Thomas Publis her, 78-80 (1981); Diez-Martinez, La Zab. ila, Communicado No. 46 Sobre Recu rsos Bioticos Potenciales del Pais, I NIRES, Mexico (1981); Dastur, Medicinal Plants of India and Pakistan, D.M. B. Ta rapore vala Sons & Co. , Private Ltd. , Bommbay 16-17 (1962). Depending on how the leaves are processed, mucus and sugar are the main components of the dehydrated gel. The sugars there are galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose and xylose. And uronic acid. Although the reports are inconsistent, mucus is mainly found in mannan or guru. It consists of comannan. Eberendu et al. , The Chemical al Charification of CarrisynTM(During printing ); Mandal et al. , Carbonhydrate Reseac h, 86 247-257 (1980b); Roboz et al. , Jou rnal of the American Chemical Societ y, 70 3248-3249 (1948); Gowda et al. , Ca rbonhydrate Research, 72 201-205 (1979) Segal et al. , Lloydia, 34 423 (1968). For a long time, the controversy over the identity of the active substance in Aloe vera has not settled It was Therefore, there is a clear separation between the components present in the gel and those present in the exudate. It is important to be different. Most of the gel is accompanied by small amounts of various other compounds , Is a mucus mainly having the property of polysaccharides. Some activities are based on polysaccharide And other compounds It has been observed that there may be a synergistic effect between Leung, Excels a, 8 65-68 (1978): Henry, Cosmetics and. Toiletries, 94 42-43, 46, 48, 50 (1979). An example For example, some researchers have found that tannic acid [Fre is an effective compound for wound healing. ytag Pharmazie, 9705 (1954)] and one of the polysaccharides. I'm reporting. Wound from Aloe arborescens extract Wound healing composition. Kameiyama, Japanese Patent Publication No. 7856995 (197 9). MacKee, supra, is a treatment for radiation burns where the gel is not the skin or exudate. Is the cause of the beneficial effects in and use fresh leaves for effective treatment. Stressed the importance of Polysaccharides decompose over time and are identified as pharmaceutical Some magnitude of molecular weight may be required to elicit a response. Goto et al. , Gann, 63 371-374 (1972). The literature that reports that polysaccharides have pharmaceutical and physiological activity is of great importance. The pages of scientific magazines are constantly overflowing. Therefore, Aloe v, which is essentially a polysaccharide era botanical mucus gel holds secret to Aloe vera's medicinal properties It is logical to say that they are doing. The polysaccharide is glucomannan or mannan or baek The controversy over whether tin or some other composition is due to a series of chemical purification steps. Will be solved. Yagi et al. , [Planta Medica 3 1 (1) 17-20 (1977)] uses a slightly modified extraction method and uses Aloe. From Arborescens Miller var naturalensis Acetylated Mannan (Aloe mannan) was isolated. Ovodova [Khim, Pri or. Soedin, 11 (1) 325-331 (1975)], but the same Pectin was isolated earlier as the main component of Aloe species. B. Chemical properties of acemannan CarrisynTMIs the leaf of Aloe barbadensis Miller To the purified ethyl alcohol extract of the inner gel of Trademark name given. CarrisynTMActive ingredients of United St Athens Adapted Name Council says “Assemblance” Was determined. CarrisynTMThere is less than 73% of the extract in aceman . CarrisynTMThe extract generally contains about 73-90% acemannan. C arrisynTMThe extract generally removes the outer leaf sheath of the leaf and removes the inner fillet or mucus. PH adjustment, ethanol extraction, freeze-drying, crushing, removing and adding It is manufactured and manufactured. US Patent Application No. 144,872, filed in January 1988 (Currently U.S. Pat. No. 4,851,224), U.S. Patent Application No. 869,261. See a continuation-in-part application (currently US Pat. No. 4,735,935). All of them The disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. Processing in this way is essentially covalent Has not been altered, so no toxic compounds or by-products are produced To do. These manufacturing steps overcome what traditional aloe product producers could not do. Developed to standardize and stabilize dosing, polysaccharides. Acemannan is a fluffy, white amorphous, slightly hygroscopic powder that mixes with water and Only slightly soluble in tyl sulfoxide, It is insoluble in other organic solvents. The powder is linear b (1-4) -D-mannosyl. It consists of units. The polysaccharide binds to the polymer through an oxygen atom. It is a long-lasting polymer in which ru groups are scattered indiscriminately. The general name of the polymer is Asema It is Nannan. Acetylation degree is alkaline Hydro degree is alkaline hydroxamer Approximately 0.91 acetyl groups per monomer as determined by the G. method. Hest rin, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 180 240-261 (1949). Neutral sugar binding analysis is probably (1- 6) D-galactopyranose to the ligation chain, which would be through the conjugation, 70 sugars It is shown that each of them is bonded at a ratio of about 1. Mannose vs Galacto The ratio of 20: 1 is such that the galactose units are also primarily due to the b (1-4) gcoside linkage It is shown that they are bound together. The chemical structure of acemannan is shown in the table below. May be done. General structural formula of ultrapure acemannan C. toxicity The toxicological effects of acemannan have been studied both in vivo and in vitro systems. It was Acemannan is not mutagenic or embryogenic in vitro . In vitro, this compound binds to H-9, MT-2 and CEM-SS lymphocytes. And showed no detectable toxicity. Biotoxicology research on acemannan 91-day subchronic oral toxicity study in dogs and 180 days in rats Includes sex oral toxicity studies and 180-day clinical trials in humans. In these studies Toxicity in dogs receiving up to 825 mg / kg of asemannan per day for 91 days There was no sound. Smell of rats receiving acemannan 38.475ppm in food for 180 days Therefore, there was no clinical macroscopic pathological or toxicological effect. 1 in clinical trials 80 days asemannan Poor clinical and clinically in patients who received 800 mg per day He had no toxic effects. In a pilot study, administration of acemannan to dogs resulted in complete white blood cell counts and morphology. Absolute monocytosis was caused in blood samples taken for academic differentiation. High throw Within 2 hours after oral administration of a given dose of acemannan, there was significant activation in the circulation. Appeared mononuclear cells. Similar effects have been observed in humans. The research is on human peritoneal blood mononuclear cell culture14With C-labeled acemannan, The incorporation or absorption of acemannan into the biological system was followed. This lab The amount of detectable14C-labeled asemannan is human peritoneal mononuclear cells / mac It was absorbed or taken up by lophage cells. Maximum intake is 48 hours Happened to At a concentration of 5 mg / ml,14C-labeled acemannan is mononuclear cell / macro No cytotoxicity to phage cells, weight / volume (w / v) digested cell mass Was 760 times larger than the w / v of the digested acemannan solution. This result is The cells maintain intracellular concentrations of acemannan at very high levels without cytotoxicity. It suggests that you can have it. Pyrogen assay uses 1 mg / ml injection solution of acemannan, U.S.P. XXI Biologica l Rabbits were performed according to the Pyrogen Testing Guidelines outlined in Test [151]. Injected More frequently than specified in U.S.P. due to unknown systemic effects of acemannan The temperature was measured frequently. The temperature change in the test animal is the maximum allowed by the U.S.P. It did not exceed a small change. Therefore, this solution has a U.S.P. S. P. Meets the requirements of. The injected acemannan is at the maximum of 0.3 ℃ in one rabbit. Invited an increase in body temperature. This temperature increase occurred 90 minutes after injection. Asemannan Is an inducer of IL-1 secretion by macrophages and mononuclear cells in vitro is there. This is the smallest in this rabbit since IL-1 is a potential pyrogen It seems to explain the delay temperature rise. Safety and tolerability of osemannan administered orally after registration of 24 human testers I completed the research with. Clinical laboratory results showed changes from normal range as follows: . That is, with 7 test takers, CO2Cholesterol in 3 people, cholesterol in 2 people Triglyceride, phosphite in one, hemoglobin in four, basophils in two, 3 in mononuclear cells, 3 in eosinophils, 4 in lymphocytes, 2 in neutrophils, 1 in red blood Each of a sphere and a white blood cell. A few red and white blood cells were found in urine. these One of these changes was clinically irrelevant. The external results of immunization are as follows: CD-16, CD-4 (T-4) and CD-8-L eu7 and CD-4--CD-25 and CD-8-CD For -16, Leu7 and TQ-1, show population difference between the values on day 1 and day 7. did. The mitogen response was in the low range. Vital signs did not appear to exceed normal range. There are population differences in urination It didn't exist. One examiner in Group IV developed diarrhea and had bowel movements during the study. To group I One of the test subjects in the study did not have bowel movements on the 4th to the 4th day of the study. 5 people in total Report a total of eight opposites. All of that up to 1600 mg daily on day 6 Or occurred in an examiner who received 3200 mg oral asemannan. D. Pharmaceutical properties of acemannan Aloe vera has a "disease-effective" or "curative" nature Has enjoyed a long history of amateur acceptance. Over the last few years, in Aloe vera In this regard, many books and papers have been written that meet scientific standards. Group eg Inter Accepted as national Aloe vera Science Council The recognized medical societies maintain publications and personal records of physicians, veterinarians and other scientists. Throughout, he gives credit to the "Aloe phenomenon". Aloe vera is a dermatologist, special Has been widely characterized in the field of radiation-induced skin conditions. McCee, X-rays and Radium in the Treatment o f Disease of the Skin, 3rd Ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 319-320 (1938); Rovatti et al. , Industrial Medicine a nd Surgery, 28 634-368 (1959); Zawahry. et al. , Quotations From Medical Journal als and Aloe Research, Ed. Max B. Housen, Aloe Vera Research Institute, Cypress, Calf. , 18 23 (1977); Cera et al. , Journal of the American Animal Hospital Associatio n, 18 633-638 (1982). Eradication of viruses in digestive problems Records of medicinal applications in gynecological conditions as fungicides and fungicides The vast majority of the scientific literature is extensive, see Grindley et al. [Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 16 117-151 (1986) )]. Numerous pharmacological studies have recently been conducted on Aloe vera gels. That conclusion More rapid healing of radiation burns in fruits [Rowe, J. et al. Am. Pharm. As soc. , 29 348-350 (1940)] and accelerated healing of wounds [Lu shbaugh et al. , Cancer, 6 690-698 (1953). )] Was included. Thermal burns treated with Aloe vera gel were treated Healed much faster than no burns. [Ashelly et al. , Plast . Reconstr. Surg. , 20 383-396 (1957)]. Ro vatto, supra. Rodriguez-Bigas et al. J. Pl ast. Rconstr. Surg. , 81 386-389 (1988)]. The gel was used to treat leg ulcers [El Zawahry et al. , Int. J . Dermatol, 1268-73 (1973)] and promotion of postoperative healing [Pa yne, Factory of Baylor Univ master's thesis submitted to Essity, Waco, TX]. experimental Evidence suggests that Aloe vera extract has anti-infective properties [Solar Arch. Inst. Pasteur Madagascar, 479-9-3 9 (1979)], enhancing the phagocytosis [Stepanova, Fizio 1, Akt. Veshchestva, 1994-97 (1977)]. ing. Acemannan has also been shown to be a potent stimulator of the immune system. Asema Nannan interleukin 1 (Il) in cultured human peritoneal blood adherent cells. -1) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) Production is triggered. Assemanna It has been shown to be effective as an adjuvant and immunopotentiator for It can be used effectively in the treatment of disease and infection. US Patent No. 5,106,61 No. 6, US Pat. No. 5,118,673 and references cited therein. References, their disclosures are incorporated herein by reference. All of these patents And this patent application is also Carrington Laboratories , Inc. Have been transferred to. Known therapeutic properties of many polysaccharides and wounds Availability of various gels and some "water-insoluble" foam devices for treatment of lesions or lesions. , Which can promote wound or lesion healing regardless of the availability of Can act as a biological response modifier, and in therapeutics Fluids, which are relatively transparent when absorbing fluids, either static liquids / suspension or body fluids A relatively dry, flexible, foamy therapeutic device that can be transformed into a gel Is required. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It therefore acts as a wound / focal dressing and is easily cut into the contours of a wound or lesion. Or a relatively dry, soft, solid, foam-like therapeutic medicinal device that can be shaped It is an object of the invention to manufacture a device. Therapeutic for wound / lesional dressing with relatively long shelf life without freezing It is another object of the invention to provide an intelligent device. Can be easily sterilized by UV light, dry heat, gas or other radiation, preservative set It is yet another aspect of the present invention to create a therapeutic device for wound / focal bandages that does not require complications. Is the purpose. Preservatives in wound / lesion dressings dehydrate the wound / lesion interface and may May tingle and / or suppress cell proliferation and optimal growth of new tissue . Functions as a wound / focal dressing that is transparent when wet, thereby removing the dressing It is still an object of the present invention to provide a therapeutic device that allows the healing hypothesis to be viewed and tracked without having to. Yet another purpose. Self-adhesive when wet, contacting the site of interest without the need for potentially toxic adhesive It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a therapeutic device that will remain. It Absorbable mold or non-absorbable to protect underlying, regenerating tissue It is an object of the present invention to provide a therapeutic device that can also be used as a hydrogel. Still another purpose. The present invention provides the results of infection or contamination from wounds / lesions. Dry foam that absorbs excess fluid that may contain harmful ingredients It can be applied as a thing. The present invention also provides a relatively dry foam to saline or other As a hydrogel prepared by pre-soaking in a therapeutic liquid / suspension of For areas with trauma that do not require removal of artifacts You may apply. Provide a therapeutic device that can function as a wound / focal dressing to accelerate the healing process It is a further object of the invention. Wounds / actively acting as anti-infective to protect wounds / lesions from contamination It is a further object of the present invention to provide a therapeutic device that can function as a lesion dressing. Is. Therapeutic device capable of acting as a wound / focal dressing to serve as an active immunopotentiator It is a further object of the invention to provide Can be biodegradable and function as a wound / focal dressing that does not need to be removed from the application site It is another object of the present invention to provide such a therapeutic device. To serve as a drug delivery system between antibiotics, anesthetics and other pharmaceutical agents It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a therapeutic device that is capable. A therapeutic device capable of delivering high concentrations of acemannan per unit weight to the trauma site Yet another purpose is to provide. Briefly, one general purpose of the present invention is that the wound / lesion remains moist. Not to be macerated for infection control, free of toxic substances, and not disturbed by dressing changes To provide a therapeutic device capable of functioning like a wound / focal dressing to ensure delivery Is. Generally speaking, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymer in the dispersed phase. The liquid medium, eg water, from the dispersed phase of the particle A prepared therapeutic device comprising a dried hydrogel in the form of a solid foam It The dried hydrogel absorbs additional liquid medium and transforms into a hydrogel Can It In one embodiment, the dried polymeric carbohydrate in the form of a solid foam has about 5-15 water. % (W / w) of polymeric carbohydrate dispersed in about 85-95% (w / w) It In the foregoing, the following detailed description of the invention will be better understood. Rather, the features and technical advantages of the present invention have been outlined rather generally. Claims of the invention Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the section. It Brief description of the drawings For a more complete understanding of the present invention and its advantages, Refer to the description. FIG. 1 is a diagram of a hydrogel. Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a lyophilization dish with a backing material and a polysaccharide dispersion. FIG. 3 shows a cross section of a lyophilized hydrogel of a polysaccharide solid foam with a backing material. Figure 4 shows a roll of lyophilized hydrogel of polysaccharide solid foam. Figure 5 shows a lyophilized hydrogel of a solid polysaccharide foam with an adhesive "bandage" backing. You FIG. 6 shows the three treatment groups using the visit number. The average lesion size is shown. FIG. 7 shows the average lesion erythema in the three treatment groups using the number of visits. FIG. 8 shows the average patient discomfort in the three treatment groups using the number of visits. Figure 9 shows the investigators regarding clinical improvement in three treatment groups using number of visits. The average impression is shown. FIG. 10 shows the median lesion size in the three treatment groups using the number of visits. FIG. 11 shows the median focal erythema in the three treatment groups using the number of visits. FIG. 12 shows the median patient discomfort in the three treatment groups using the number of visits. Figure 13: Study on clinical improvement in three treatment groups using number of visits The median of the impression of the degree of the person is shown. Description I. Properties of dry hydrogel of hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymer The present invention comprises a dry hydrogel of a hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymer, separated by FDA. Therapeutic medicinal devices, such as the like. The polymer used here is composed of two or more monomer units in the molecule. Means all molecules. Examples of hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymers are polymeric carbohydrates, polyacrylates and polyvinyl chlorides. Unmodified of lupyrrolidone and others known to those skilled in the art Included are both modified and modified derivatives. Suitable polymeric carbohydrates include polysaccharides such as acemannan and konj. ac) Mannan (a glucomannan) and guar gum (a galactomannan) And heparin (an acid mucopolysaccharide) and glucans and their modified analogues and derivatives A conductor is included. With or without modified polysaccharides and / or Is its derivative For example, alginate, carrageenan, chitain, ficoll, fractane, garak Tan, hydrophilic cellulose derivative, dextran, glycogen, martan, starch , Glycosaminoglycan, gum arabic, karaya gum, lentinan, mannans , Pectins, lipopolysaccharides, proteoglycans, proteochondroitin sulfate, Sepharose, xylan, muramic acid, iromic acid, sialic acid, uronic acid, etc. But could potentially be used as a substrate material for dry polymer saccharide solid foams Good. Hydrogel, as used herein, has particles in an external or dispersed phase, A colloid in which the liquid medium is in or in the phase in which it is dispersed. See FIG. liquid The body medium can be a polar solvent such as water. These hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymers, such as polymeric carbohydrates, are used in liquid media such as water. When dispersed as a colloid therein, it can form a hydrogel. The hydrogel is divided into It is a complex lattice in which the diffuse medium is trapped like water in a molecular sponge. Exists The consistency of the hydrogel can vary depending on the amount of liquid medium in it. Usually the medium is flowing The more dynamic, the less viscous the hydrogel. Unchanged or Modified polymeric carbohydrate hydrogels have colloidal polymeric carbohydrate particles. A colloid that is distributed over a liquid medium that is sufficiently dispersed in the form It is Under certain conditions, polymeric carbohydrate hydrogels are dispersed It may be dried without completely disrupting the arrangement or lattice of polymeric carbohydrate particles. For example, by rapidly freezing the hydrogel at very low temperatures, then sublimation in high vacuum Freeze-drying, which includes "drying", is a problem due to the absorption of additional fluid. It provides a solid, flexible polymeric carbohydrate foam that can be transformed into dorogel. Book on dry hydrogels of hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymers in solid foamy physical state The invention can be cut or formed into a wound or lesion. In solid form However, it incorporates the characteristics of a flexible therapeutic device. The solid foam material is It is in a lightweight, porous form with bubbles of gas, eg air, dispersed in the body. Hydro Gels have solid foams as drug delivery systems, hemostatic agents and biological response modifiers. Non-covalently bound material "captured" in its voids to help It can be prepared in the form of a physically solid foam. When a dry hydrogel in the form of a solid foam is applied to a wound or lesion, the latent Traps of potentially harmful wound exudates, and the solids at the surface interface of the coating and the wound / lesion. The foam will turn into a hydrogel and excess fluid from the wound or lesion will become solid foam. Absorbed by the material. The hydrogel remains in contact with the wound or lesion and Providing a Wet, Flexible Wound / Foci Cover That Does Not Damage Tissue Regenerating . These physical events cause the wound or lesion to heal at an optimal rate. Acemannan is “lyophilized or dried of acemannan in the form of a solid foam. "Hydrogel", "lyophilized or dried acemannan solid foam" or "solid" Freeze-dried in the form of a foam or dried, referred to as dried asemannan hydrogel " It is an example of a carbohydrate polymer that can be formed into a solid foam of a hydrogel. Aloe plant The active substance of is acemannan. This substance can reduce pain and optimize treatment. Has been shown so far. If the water is a mixture of acemannan in water and other excipients, Freezing from a hydrogel formed by a Lloyd-like suspension If removed by drying, the resulting solid foam-like matrix of acemannan is Retains the same properties of pain relief and treatment. In this solid foamy form, Nannan can be cut, formed and formed into a number of useful items such as bandages, hemostatic devices, grafts and the like. Can be molded. Another property of freeze-dried acemannan in the form of solid foam is fluid from wounds or lesions. Is to absorb. When it absorbs this fluid, it changes from a solid state to a gel state Change. This absorption / gel formation process is a potentially harmful exudate from wounds or lesions. Are absorbed by the foam to maintain an optimally moist microenvironment at the lesion site It is therefore a very advantageous pharmaceutical event. Acemanna in moist macroenvironments, such as the mucous membranes of the mouth, respiratory tract, and reproductive tract Solid foam adheres to lesions or wounds and remains there for approximately 1 hour I'm out. Similarly, in applications for hemostasis, dry hydrolyzing acemannan over bleeding The part of the gel pad absorbs blood and initiates blood clotting, while the surrounding gel pad Adheres to the surface of surrounding organs and absorbs additional fluid from the wound. Acemannan solid foam pad has self-sticking properties when wet, reducing pain give. Used topically, acemannan has no apparent toxicity and is found in the body. Completely decomposed in vivo. Main of freeze-dried acemannan solid foam pad Physical advantage is that the healing and regenerating wound is not disturbed during dressing change That is. After inspection to monitor the healing process, freeze other on the old pad The dry solid foam pad can be applied directly. In fact, the solid foamy form of acemannan The white lyophilized hydrogel transforms into a gel or hydrogel upon fluid absorption. occured The gel is transparent and the meat on the surface of the wound or lesion Allows visualization and allows the therapist to see the healing process under the gel coating . Freeze-dried acemannan in the form of a solid foam pad also serves as a delivery agent or hemostatic agent. stand. It is sterilized by gas or radiation and protected from contaminants and moisture If it is, it has a long shelf life and can be stored without preservatives. Acemannan dry foam -Shaped pads can be easily formed to fit individual wounds and come into contact with liquids or body fluids By shaping the gel, the gel will not contaminate the wound or lesion with the environment. Help protect against This protection allows the wound or lesion to heal at an optimal rate, It is faster than that of untreated or treated controls in animal and human studies. It was shown that II. Preparation of dry hydrogel of hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymer A. Production method In one aspect, the method of making comprises the steps of: in a liquid medium such as water or other polar solvent, Hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymers such as hydrogels of polymeric carbohydrates are prepared and then prepared. Removing the liquid medium from the hydrogels of, cutting, packing, sterilizing, testing or A dry foam of hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymer in the form of a solid foam that can be stored for clinical use. Forming a dorogel. Dry it in contact with liquids such as water. Replace the Drogel foam with a hydrogel. The first step in one manufacturing method is the carbohydrate dispersion colloid (hydrogel ) To make the desired initial polymeric carbohydrate such as powdered acemannan in the medium. For example, binding in water is included. Mixtures of water with suitable polymeric carbohydrates can form hydrogels. The percentage of one embodiment is illustrated in Table 1. The polymeric carbohydrate is then dehydrated and dried in a solid foamy form. Become dry hydrogel. Preferably, the dehydration is done by freeze-drying. Per ry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook (6th edition) Conventional solids dryers and heat transfer devices, such as those described in, may be used. The final texture and density of the dry solid foam of the hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymer is given. It depends on the amount of water in the hydrogel. There is a lot of water in the voids of the hydrogel. The more dry solid foam becomes to a lower density of porosity. Generally in dry solids Has a water content of about 5-15 wt%, preferably about 8-12 wt%, more preferably It is about 10 wt%. The polysaccharide dispersion mixture, the components and their proportions are listed in Table 2. Minute The powder mixture was prepared by adding benzethonium chloride to Povidon (International Specialty Products, Wayne, N .; J. ) And water, Begin by mixing until all ingredients are completely dispersed. Then peroxide water Element is added and then transferred into the acemannan powder with mixing. Min ascemannan Once dispersed, continue mixing until all ingredients are well dispersed, Lucellulose (Aqualon, Hopewell, Va.) Is gradually mixed. Transfer to the inside. Only acemannans that meet the appropriate quality control standards are used in the dispersion mixture. A The specifications of the semannan powder are given in Table 3 and ensure the purity of the added acemannan. Used to kill. Due to its chemical nature, acemannan (or other polysaccharides) are of wide variety, Can form non-covalent bonds with other ingredients, including pharmaceutical products or excipients . Freeze-dried mixtures in the presence of hydrogels of polymeric carbohydrates are To produce a drug delivery vehicle for delivering Even if added to the mixture during preparation Examples of good ingredients are antibiotics (eg tetracycline, oxytetracycline, Or gentomycin), metal ions (eg Zn, Co, Fe and Mn), Biochemical agents (eg hormones and growth factors or medicine) Drugs (eg anti-cancer agents, anti-viral and anti-fungal agents, nucleosides, nucleoti , Steroids, local anesthetics; and chemotherapeutic agents, including hemostatic agents). Microorganism Dry hydrogels of hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymers such as freeze-dried acemannan solid foam It can be added during the preparation of the product. Examples of microorganisms include killed, attenuated (mutated energies Vaccines that can be) eg bacteria, fungi, protozoa, yeasts, micropla Zuma (microplasma) and virus, or their components or Particles are included. In addition, benzethonium chloride was added to the mixture for the production of preservative-free products. May be excluded from. The resulting polysaccharide solid foam dried hydrogel is gas or exhaled. It is not necessary to include a preservative as it is easily sterilized by radiation such as UV light and heat. In a preferred embodiment, the preservative dehydrates the wound or lesion, irritates the patient, And / or may inhibit optimal cell growth of new tissue, so preservatives are eliminated. Be removed. After quality control testing, the mixture was heated to about 45 ° C. Then the temperature is 35 ℃ I adjusted. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 6.5 with 0.1N sodium hydroxide and then adjusted. It was then transferred to a lyophilization dish approximately 1.8 inches deep as illustrated in FIG. The polysaccharide dispersion mixture is punched in a lyophilization dish and applied directly to the wound site, white It may be freeze-dried to form a colored cotton-like solid foam. Otherwise , Mix the mixture on a backing material, as shown in FIG. You may If the Hydrokel 3 is freeze-dried on the backing material 2, it will freeze. The dry product is acemannan solid foamy wound dressing 4. Different types of lining material Porosity, density and gas composition to produce a suitable wound dressing for And liquid permeability can be varied. A is freeze of acemannan The dried hydrogel is shown in exploded view in FIG. 3, where B is the backing material. This two-layer wound dressing is made into sheets or scrolls as described in FIG. May be built. Freeze-dried hydrogel of acemannan is a highly rolled sheet. It is on the porosity side. The back of the porous side is non-porous, and when rolled up, freeze-dried Does not stick to the drogel. Acemannan hydrogel 9, as seen in FIG. It may be freeze-dried so as to adhere to the central part of the adhesive bandage 8. Maintain strict environmental controls during freezing to prevent layering out of ingredients I have to. The temperature of the freeze-drying chamber is gradually reduced. Freeze dryer 4.8ft2In the shelf of the Take about 3-4 hours. Freeze-dried hydrogel of acemannan about 25-30 g Obtained from about 3.5 l of the acemannan hydrogel given in 2. Or The final product is cut to the appropriate shape and size for the sample collected for the interim test. May be. After quality control testing, freeze-dried solid foam of acemannan product (described below in Section B) Are approved for unit component packaging. Terminal sterilization is gas, radiation example For example, it can be performed by dry heating and ultraviolet rays. Radiation is the preferred method is there. Upon completion of final product packaging and testing, samples will be retained for long-term stability studies. It B. Quality control of freeze-dried hydrogel of acemannan solid foam Each lot of final product can be tested, accepted and qualified in the specific manner described below. The products are described in Table 5 as Lots # 1 and Lots # 2. As specified, it passes the standards given in Table 4. 1. Appearance Product should form a white, porous, flexible medium-strength layer . It should be white to off-white and of uniform composition. This standard Lots that deviate from are discarded. The appearance of the added ingredients may change slightly. , Explain the reason during the macroscopic examination. 2. pH Acceptable pH range of acemannan lyophilized hydrogel in the presence of water Is 6.0 to 7.5. Prior to pH measurement, the meter should be calibrated against a standard pH buffer. To be corrected. 3. Thermogravimetric analysis Water content and ash residue (calcium oxalate and magnesium lactate Calcium oxide and magnesium sulfide with magnesium, other salts, Natrasol residue etc.) are single It is measured by thermogravimetric analysis as an experimental operation. The method depends on the device within 0.5%. Weird and very accurate. The equipment used in the quality control group is TG 50 Thermobala Mettler TA 3500 Thermogravimetric Analysis with nce and TC10A Controller and IBH PC Data System It is a vessel. Put a 10 mg sample in the system and the temperature program that follows It looks like this: Samples are from 2 ° C to 6 at a rate of 20 ° C / min in an inert nitrogen gas atmosphere. Heat to 00 ° C. and then to 780 ° C. under oxidizing conditions. Sample is this temperature Let it sit for 2 minutes each time. All gases are kept at a flow rate of 200 ml / min. Minute Once the analysis is complete, the data system displays the real-time and weight loss vs. temperature derivative (deri vative) and the corresponding percentage of each peak. This method is sure And standardized. 4. Microbiological Assay The microbiological standard for this product is ml of microbiological contamination. It is requested that the number of units per unit of community formation is 100 or less. It The products are E. Coli, Ps aeruginosa, S. aureus or Salmonella sp. (Fever Bacte Rear) must not be included. The test involves sampling the product under a laminar flow collector, and then sampling that sample with a specific growth medium. Applied to identify all bacteria that have grown. The medium used to culture the sample Trypticase Soy broth and liquid thioglycolate medium and liquid lactose medium Sabo with Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) Plate and Chloramphenicol urand dextrose agar plate and. TSA plate medium is also anaerobic It was also cultured. 5. Bacterial Suppression Test Suppression test is trypticase soy agar and blood agar flat Due to the bacteria streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus Sanguis on plate medium Re-clinical lot # 2 (listed in Table 5). After culturing at 35 ℃ for 72 hours, product The "no growth" zone around the was measured and recorded. This way each lot of product is tested It didn't happen. 6. Used for size exclusion chromatography The molecular weight distribution of each lot of freeze-dried acemannan solid foam was 590 po Pump module and WISP 712 automated sampler and 410 differential refractometer efractomer) detector and Spectra-physics 4290 integrator and Chromstation AT It was measured by exclusion HPLC using a stem and. well-known Pullulan's criterion of molecular weight and retention time is used as the relative molecular weight of all sample peaks. Used for measurement. All asemannans that occur before the calculated 10,000 dalton retention time The total peak area of the sample was recorded. Results for materials larger than 10,000 Daltons percentage Recorded as. The acemannan used in the dry foam preparation is preferably at least 7 It should contain 3% of material greater than 10,000 daltons. 7. Densitometry Carefully cut the solid acemannan foam into rectangular cubes. Standing To obtain the cubic volume in cubic centimeters (cc) Rated micrometer (Hitutoyo Corporation, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan) To measure the length, width and thickness. Measure the weight of the cube using an analytical balance It From the weight and volume of the cube, determine the density in grams per cubic centimeter (g / cc). For one embodiment of the foam, the average density at 95% confidence is 0.024%, 0.007 g / cc ( It was calculated as n = 18). Upper limit density 0.033% 0.007g / cc (n = 12) is freeze-dried under the optimum conditions Acemannan hydrogel was tested using a gel. In another embodiment, the acemannan solid foam freeze-dried hydrogel has a density of 0.0032% 0.0 It was calculated to be 007 g / cc (n = 3). This density is kept stationary in the bottle and is directly The diameter and thickness were measured and determined. this This was necessary because the disc collapses when exposed to air. The measured diameter and thickness are the volume of the disk (1 / 2πr2h) was given. Then weight It was measured using an analytical balance and the weight of the disc was divided by the volume to calculate the density. Therefore, the density of acemannan solid foam freeze-dried hydrogel is about 0.003-0.0. It was possible to be within the range of 33g / cc. Preferably the range is about 0.02-0.03 g / cc. Should be. III. Use of dry hydrogels of hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymers Polysaccharide solid foam can be used for protective treatment of wounds and lesions including ulcers, frozen It is a dried polysaccharide hydrogel. The solid foam product is classified as a medical device , Contains non-toxic and biodegradable polysaccharides. The device of the present invention is self-adhesive and This means that they remain in contact with the target site for a relatively long time. Acemannan solid foam mainly consists of acemannan and 5-15% water . Preferred embodiments contain 8-12% water, and most preferred about 10% water. Acemannan is interspersed with O-acetyl groups. Long-chain, polydisperse b- (1, 4) -bonded mannan polymer. In both animal and human studies, Mannan has been shown to be a potent immunomodulator and anti-infective. Asse Freeze-dried hydrogel of mannan solid foam should not be applied to wounds or lesions. Can deliver increased concentrations of acemannan to the wound site and enhance healing It In acute and subacute animal studies using parenterally administered acemannan in animals. Shows almost no systemic toxicity up to 80 mg / kg It was Studies in healthy humans and animals have taken acemannan orally or topically. It was shown to be almost non-toxic when administered. Freeze-dried polysaccharide solid foam device keeps wounds or lesions moist and free of infection. There are many types of wounds or lesions used to ensure that You don't have to worry more. In animals, freeze-dried polysaccharide solid foam is associated with abscesses. May be used for wound exudate absorption in the treatment of fistula, moist dermatitis and eczema . The present invention also provides for dry wound treatments that require sterile materials that can cover large areas. May be used for The described polysaccharide solid foam may be saline or other suitable treatment. Reconstituted with a medical fluid or suspension and applicable to burns, abrasions and incisional wounds A wet gel can be formed. Treated with Carrington Dermal Wound Gel (CDWG) containing Aloe vera gel, for example The guinea pig full thickness burn wounds healed in an average of 30 days. Wounds treated with silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) require an average of 47 days to heal And treated with just a gauze bandage healed in an average of 50 days [Rodriguez et al., “Comparative Evaluation of Aloe vera in the Management of Burn Wo unds in Ginea Pigs ”, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, vol.81, no3,386- Page 89 (1988). In humans, the present invention relates to cuts, abrasions, post-operative wounds, burns, ulcers, dermatitis and diaper. It may be useful in the treatment of rashes, skin hypersensitivity and other types of tissue damage. Asse Carrington Dermal Wound Gel (CDWG) containing mannan only for gauze bandages The healing rate of partial-thickness skin wounds in male volunteers was 45% higher than that of It turned out to increase. Freeze-dried acemannan solid foam offers several advantages. While providing, it is expected to be at least as effective as CDWG in wound healing It The present invention may be particularly useful in various dental applications. For example, the dry hydrogel of acemannan solid foam has an immunostimulatory activity It should help to eliminate fungal, bacterial and viral infections. Solid foamy shape Lyophilized hydrogel of acemannan in Thailand caused by herpes simplex virus It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of laparotomy (acute pemphigus). Coughing of the lips occurs in about 20-30% of the population and is characterized by lesional tissue on the mucous membrane of the cheeks or lips. To be attracted. Freeze-dried acemannan solid foam is also a proven immunopotentiator of acemannan. Considering its strength and antitumor activity, it may be useful in treating oral burns and neoplasia. May be. Furthermore, dry asemannan solid foam can be used for periodontal surgery, tooth extraction and dental transfer. It may be useful as a filling and / or bandage after planting or dental biopsy. A recently completed study was in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers as described in Example 1. The effectiveness of freeze-dried acemannan solid foam was demonstrated. Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU), also known as aphthous stomatitis, It occurs in about 15-20% of the mouth and can be the source of many discomforts. Many patients simply Others only experience occasional outbreaks of standing ulceration, while others experience Annoyed by a series of lesional tissues that severely affect the quality of life. Recurrent secondary aphthous ulcer The ossification involves only the mucosa and does not affect the deep layers of oral tissue. It is usually 7-14 Heals by mucosal regeneration without leaving scars in the day. Various products have been evaluated for therapeutic efficacy in treating recurrent secondary after Few well-documented and reproducible, demonstrating the efficacy of something special Some research was done. Contains a local anesthetic or offers protection from the oral environment The product offered is the most common treatment. However, some of these products have an unpleasant taste. Or it has a texture and others hurt the patient on application. Moreover, Some designed to adhere to the affected tissue and protect it from the oral environment These products are made up of more than 80% alcohol and have a suitable moisture content for proper healing. It appears to dry and further damage the tissue, rather than ensuring a moist environment. Hydrogels are ideal agents to provide the moist environment needed for optimal wound healing Is. Protects ulcerated tissue from the oral environment while at the same time allowing proper hydration Enabled hydrogels can help accelerate the healing process of oral mucosal ulcers I can do it. Fluffy, solid foam-like form of dry acemannan hydrogel upon contact with oral mucosa And slowly rehydrate into a gel, which remains there for up to about 1 hour. Trial Trial studies have determined whether this product affects the healing process of recurrent aphthous ulcers. Designed to determine. Example 1 Freezing a solid foamy form of acemannan with a "bandage" lining on a cat with vascular necrosis Treated with a dry hydrogel therapeutic device. The device is a tarsal / metatarsal Applied to a heavily damaged surface. One night after first application of therapeutic device, swelling plays There was a slight decrease, and carrion formation was negligible After three consecutive applications of the therapeutic device about every 24 hours, the wound was marked. Healed well. Then the cat was released from the clinic. Example 2 Orabase in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcersTMAnd acemannan hydrogel and solid Foam-like form of freeze-dried acemannan hydrogel with efficacy of complete healing occurs A clinical study was designed to determine by monitoring the time required for History of recurrent aphthous ulcer with at least one lesion within 48 hours A double-blind, randomized study of 60 volunteer patients was first conducted. Two patients based on the random number table Was extracted into one of the Group I was manufactured by Colgate-Hoyt Laboratories Orabase with flexible gel and guarTMIt consists of 30 patients treated in. Group II is protected In a gel excipient with a gel with methylparaben and benzethonium chloride as preservatives Patients treated with acemannan hydrogel at 0.1% acemannan concentration It consists of 0 people. Then began an open-label study involving 25 volunteer patients. I have This patient (group III) uses the same protocol used for treatment of groups I and II, Treated with lyophilized hydrogel of acemannan solid foam. Each volunteer was given appropriate treatment of the lesion 4 times a day until the lesion healed . Patients were clinically assessed every 3 days throughout the procedure. Clinically assessed as a lesion It consists of dimensional measurements, erythema intensity, pain intensity and the clinical assessor's impression of clinical improvement. Test items A. Group I: OrabaseTMSupplied in a properly labeled 0.17 oz tube It was OrabaseTMConsists of softening gel and guar. B. Group II: 0.5 ounces of acemannan hydrogel containing about 1% acemannan Supplied by tube. C. Group III: Solid foam-like lyophilized acemannan hydrogel tested in patients Supplied in a properly labeled glass bottle containing the "pledget" 60 of product It was Each pledget is about 1 cm2It was. Frozen acemannanhide in the form of solid foam Rogels were prepared from a mixture of components as seen in Table 2. Selection of volunteer patients The selected volunteers were at least 18 years of age with a positive history of recurrent secondary aphthae. Atsuta Volunteers of both sexes have good general health, but buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, Had at least one aphtha lesion within 48 hours on the soft palate or palate . Volunteers show a history of hypersensitivity to Aloe vera or other components in the test article. Excluded from the study. Volunteers have given some medication locally to the affected area during the last two weeks. Applied to, orthodontic appliances such as braces, brackets or restraints Those who have it, those who have undergone dental surgery within the past month, and those who have undergone systemic surgery during the past month. Those who used Lloyd, those who used antibiotics in the past 2 weeks, recurrent oral ulcer type Manifestation as Behcet's disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, anemia, etc. Who have a positive history of systemic illnesses, who have not used steroids in the last 48 hours Those who were or were currently abusing narcotics or alcohol were also excluded. pregnancy Voluntary volunteers were also excluded from the study. Summary A. Pretreatment method 1. Investigators signed an informed Got a cents document. 2. Volunteers reviewed and maintained at least 1 secondary aphthous ulcer maintained within 48 hours Confirmed the existence of one. By limitation, ulcers may be located on the buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, soft palate or floor. I put it. A demographic study as well as a complete medical history was obtained. Taken within the last 30 days Current medications, including those listed, were recorded. 3. The patient's history of recurrent aphthae provides a sufficiently detailed assessment of the patient's experience of oral ulceration. Proven by recording. The data obtained includes the following: a. Provocative drug b. Average number of after-sales c. Average number of after-sales d. Average length of time for healing, and e. Therapeutic modality used by the patient 4. Initial lesion size was measured using sterilization rules calibrated on a 1 mm scale. Horizontal The maximum width of the lesion was recorded both in the vertical and vertical directions. The degree of erythema associated with the lesion , No erythema = 0, mild erythema = 1, medium erythema = 2, severe erythema = 3 Recorded using degrees 0-3. 5. Patient discomfort depends on the patient: no pain = 0, mild pain = 1, moderate pain = 2, severe pain = 3, classified using the scale 0-3. 6. If patients were allowed to participate in this study, they would share instructions with the appropriate application. The test product is handed over to. Patient has diet and oral hygiene Topical application of the drug to identified lesions four times daily following a biological procedure I can teach you. They will be given a patient diary and enter each application time of the test article I can teach you things. In addition, they observed the degree of discomfort they experienced immediately after test article administration. And the overall degree of discomfort experienced on that day are classified in the patient diary using the above scale. And fill in. Patients should be treated every 3 days until the confirmed lesion is completely healed. Return with the magazine. B. Assessment visit The following was done for each evaluation visit. 1. The investigator reviewed the patient diary with the patient. 2. The lesion size was measured as in the pretreatment evaluation. 3. The degree of erythema was measured using the grading scale described above. 4. The investigator's assessment of the overall improvement of lesions was recorded using the following scale. 4 Complete cure of ulcer 3 remarkable improvement 2 Moderate improvement 1 Some improvement 0 ulcer unchanged -1 Worse ulcer 5. At the home visit determined to have been completely cured, the investigator was assigned all test articles and patients. I collected the diary. Patients should be advised of medications and general test procedures. Was asked for all opinions. Statistical analysis The data is OrabaseTM30 patients treated by 30 patients treated with nannan hydrogel and lyophilized assem May 1993 from a personal report on 25 patients treated by Mannan It consists of the information collected on the 17th. The data used in this analysis included a comprehensive patient profile. Pleasure and discomfort before and after each application of acemannan, reported in patient diary Freeze-dried acemannan solid foam that was left in the mouth include. Furthermore, the data are not the result of clinical evaluation (ie clinical grade). The degree of discomfort, erythema, and investigator's assessment as reported on the evaluation score sheet are included. It is rare. The healing time was calculated by subtracting the date of the first visit from the date of the last visit. data To “balance” the final data value for each patient to the clinical grade of 5 visits It was then carried forward to obtain additional data and 15-day log data. The mean deviation, standard deviation and range were calculated for the treatment healing time. dispersion Quantitative analysis (ANOVA) shows significantly different healing times for the three treatment groups It was used to decide whether or not. If you find a significant difference between the treatment groups, Fisher's LSD was used to determine if that difference was occurring. Raised For the remaining variables, the mean deviation, standard deviation, and range are calculated, and the number of home visits and treatments are calculated. Tabulated by Oki. ANOVA to investigate differences between treatment groups at each time point Made in. A corresponding non-parametric test was also performed. Significant difference is Fisher It was investigated using LSD. For patients treated with lyophilized acemannan solid foam (III treatment group) The average healing time was 7.96 in Group I and 5.89 days in Group II, It was 5.8 days. This difference is statistically It means (p = 0.0028). Combinatorial comparisons showed that significance was between group I and group II, and group I. It was shown to be due to the difference between group III. The average and median values of ulcer size, erythema, discomfort, and investigator's assessment for each visit are shown. The forgotten graphs are in Figures 6-13. The statistically significant difference is that erythema (p = 0.0526 ANOVA , P = 0.0519 Kruskal-Wallis) and investigator assessment (p = 0.0021 ANOVA, p = 0.002) 7 KW), discomfort (p = 0.0508 ANOVA, p = 0.0516 KW), and ulcer size (p = 0.0 494 KW) and was found in Visit 1. Significance is significant between Group I and Group III The difference between groups I and II and between groups I and III, except for the discomfort that is only the difference between ing. No other significant differences were found for clinical grading data. In the patient diary, patients had an average of 48.24 lyophilized acemannan solid foam in their mouth. Min (SD 17.22). Immediately after application of acemannan foam and 2 minutes later The average change in the discomfort score was 0.9762. This difference is statistically significant (p = 0.0001) ), Indicating an improvement in the discomfort experienced. Immediately before treatment and discomfort associated with treatment In addition to the recording of the patient, the patient recorded daily general discomfort. Recorded in a diary There was no difference in the general discomfort that was felt. In this study, lyophilized asemannan solid foam is effective in treating aphthous ulcers Is shown. OrabaseTMHealing time is 2 compared to the group treated with It decreased by 7%. Furthermore, the patient is treated with lyophilized acemannan solid foam. It reports a significant reduction in subsequent discomfort. Having described the invention and its advantages in detail, the disclosed idea and specific embodiments And other compositions for carrying out the same purpose as the invention. It may be easily used as a basis for modifying or envisioning structures and structures. Should be understood by those who are proficient in the technology of. It is also equivalent The construction does not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. Things should also be recognized by those skilled in this technique.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (81)指定国 EP(AT,BE,CH,DE, DK,ES,FR,GB,GR,IE,IT,LU,M C,NL,PT,SE),OA(BF,BJ,CF,CG ,CI,CM,GA,GN,ML,MR,NE,SN, TD,TG),AT,AU,BB,BG,BR,BY, CA,CH,CN,CZ,DE,DK,ES,FI,G B,HU,JP,KP,KR,KZ,LK,LU,LV ,MG,MN,MW,NL,NO,NZ,PL,PT, RO,RU,SD,SE,SK,UA,UZ,VN (72)発明者 カーペンタ,ラバト、エイチ アメリカ合衆国テクサス州78602、バスト ラップ、ピーカン・ストリート 1303番 (72)発明者 ホール,ジァン、イー アメリカ合衆国テクサス州75051、グラン ド・プレイリー、クロスランド 601番 (72)発明者 セイント・ジァン,ジューディス アメリカ合衆国テクサス州75062、アーヴ ィング、リッジデイル 3109番 (72)発明者 ムーア,ディー、エリク アメリカ合衆国テクサス州75080、リチァ ドスン、ティークウッド・プレイス 832 番 (72)発明者 ウエイデンバーク,アニータ アメリカ合衆国テクサス州75062、ローノ ウク、ダリル・レイン 1413番 (72)発明者 イエイテス,ケニス、エム アメリカ合衆国テクサス州75050、グラン ド・プレイリー、ナッティンガム 2413番─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (81) Designated countries EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, M C, NL, PT, SE), OA (BF, BJ, CF, CG , CI, CM, GA, GN, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG), AT, AU, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, G B, HU, JP, KP, KR, KZ, LK, LU, LV , MG, MN, MW, NL, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SK, UA, UZ, VN (72) Inventor Carpenter, Rabat, H Bust, Texas, Texas 78602 Lap, Pecan Street 1303 (72) Inventor Hall, Jiang, Yi Gran, U.S.A. 75051 De Prairie, Crossland 601 (72) Inventor Saint Jean, Judith Ave, Texas 75062, United States Swing, Ridgedale No. 3109 (72) Inventor Moore, Dee, Erik Lithia, 75080, Texas, United States Dosun, Teakwood Place 832 Turn (72) Inventor Weiden Burk, Anita Lorno, 75062, Texas, United States Uk, Daryl Rain 1413 (72) Inventor Yeeth, Kennis, Em Gran, Texas, 50750, United States De Prairie, Nottingham 2413
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/082,028 | 1993-06-24 | ||
US082,028 | 1993-06-24 | ||
US08/082,028 US5409703A (en) | 1993-06-24 | 1993-06-24 | Dried hydrogel from hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymer |
PCT/US1994/007066 WO1995000184A1 (en) | 1993-06-24 | 1994-06-22 | Dried hydrogel from hydrophylic-hygroscopic polymer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH08511964A true JPH08511964A (en) | 1996-12-17 |
JP2992835B2 JP2992835B2 (en) | 1999-12-20 |
Family
ID=22168584
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP50307795A Expired - Fee Related JP2992835B2 (en) | 1993-06-24 | 1994-06-22 | Dried hydrogels from hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymers |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5409703A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0705113B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2992835B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100343293B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1127474A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE218376T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7115394A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2164624A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69430746T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995000184A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005508980A (en) * | 2001-11-05 | 2005-04-07 | オラヘルス コーポレーション | Stomatitis treatment with patches that promote healing and relieve pain |
JP2005525376A (en) * | 2002-03-07 | 2005-08-25 | キャリングタン、ラバラトーリズ、インク | Dispersed solid containing complex carbohydrates |
JP2009512713A (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2009-03-26 | エイディーエイ ファウンデーション | Dental and endodontic filling materials and methods |
JP2014097255A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2014-05-29 | Alcare Co Ltd | Hydrogel |
US9101436B2 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2015-08-11 | Ada Foundation | Dental and endodontic filling materials and methods |
US9259439B2 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2016-02-16 | Ada Foundation | Dual-phase cement precursor systems for bone repair |
Families Citing this family (610)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5762620A (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1998-06-09 | Ndm Acquisition Corp. | Wound dressing containing a partially dehydrated hydrogel |
US5423737A (en) * | 1993-05-27 | 1995-06-13 | New Dimensions In Medicine, Inc. | Transparent hydrogel wound dressing with release tab |
US5722942A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1998-03-03 | Kanebo, Ltd. | Wound covering materials |
US5503822A (en) * | 1994-04-01 | 1996-04-02 | Schulman; Jerome M. | Medicated gel |
GB2307687B (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1999-03-10 | Innovative Tech Ltd | Fibres |
WO1996013285A1 (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1996-05-09 | Innovative Technologies Limited | Dehydrated hydrogels |
AU5638096A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-12-30 | Clarion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Non-biological patch for hemostasis |
EP0830381A4 (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 2000-11-22 | William N Drohan | Chitin hydrogels, methods of their production and use |
EP0848621B1 (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 2003-03-26 | Advanced Medical Solutions Limited | Wound treatment composition |
US5760102A (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 1998-06-02 | Carrington Laboratories, Inc. | Uses of denture adhesive containing aloe extract |
CO4600681A1 (en) * | 1996-02-24 | 1998-05-08 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR IMMUNITY MODULATION |
GB9608222D0 (en) * | 1996-04-20 | 1996-06-26 | Innovative Tech Ltd | Dehydrated hydrogels |
GB9609474D0 (en) * | 1996-05-08 | 1996-07-10 | Innovative Tech Ltd | Hydrogels |
US5766520A (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 1998-06-16 | Universal Preservation Technologies, Inc. | Preservation by foam formation |
US6399221B1 (en) | 1996-06-25 | 2002-06-04 | Northwestern University | Organic light-emitting diodes and methods for assembly and emission control |
US6939625B2 (en) * | 1996-06-25 | 2005-09-06 | Nôrthwestern University | Organic light-emitting diodes and methods for assembly and enhanced charge injection |
US6586763B2 (en) * | 1996-06-25 | 2003-07-01 | Northwestern University | Organic light-emitting diodes and methods for assembly and emission control |
US5834100A (en) * | 1996-06-25 | 1998-11-10 | Northwestern University | Organic light-emitting dioddes and methods for assembly and emission control |
FR2750863B1 (en) * | 1996-07-10 | 1998-09-25 | Oreal | USE OF A POLYHOLOSIDE IN A COMPOSITION FOR PROMOTING SKIN DEQUAMATION, AND COMPOSITION COMPRISING SAME |
JP2000515401A (en) * | 1996-07-10 | 2000-11-21 | コロプラスト アクティーゼルスカブ | Adhesives and the use of such adhesives |
US6123662A (en) * | 1998-07-13 | 2000-09-26 | Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. | Cardiac disease treatment and device |
GB2318577B (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 2000-02-02 | Johnson & Johnson Medical | Solvent dried polysaccharide sponges |
US6303584B1 (en) | 1996-11-20 | 2001-10-16 | The University Of Montana | Water soluble lipidated arabinogalactan |
US5718916A (en) * | 1997-02-03 | 1998-02-17 | Scherr; George H. | Alginate foam products |
US6221997B1 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 2001-04-24 | Kimberly Ann Woodhouse | Biodegradable polyurethanes |
US20020018754A1 (en) * | 1999-03-15 | 2002-02-14 | Paul Albert Sagel | Shapes for tooth whitening strips |
US6355022B1 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2002-03-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent interlabial device with substance thereon for maintaining the device in position |
US6224896B1 (en) * | 1997-07-28 | 2001-05-01 | Curlor Healthcare Technologies, Llc | Composition and process for the treatment of epidermal traumas such as decubitus ulcers |
ZA987019B (en) * | 1997-08-06 | 1999-06-04 | Focal Inc | Hemostatic tissue sealants |
US6106849A (en) * | 1998-01-21 | 2000-08-22 | Dragoco Gerberding & Co. Ag | Water soluble dry foam personal care product |
DE19813663A1 (en) * | 1998-03-27 | 1999-10-07 | Beiersdorf Ag | Wound dressings for removing disruptive factors from wound fluid |
TWI243687B (en) | 1998-04-21 | 2005-11-21 | Teijin Ltd | Pharmaceutical composition for application to mucosa |
US7022683B1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 2006-04-04 | Carrington Laboratories, Inc. | Pharmacological compositions comprising pectins having high molecular weights and low degrees of methoxylation |
US6313103B1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 2001-11-06 | Carrington Laboratories, Inc. | Pectic substance as a growth factor stabilizer |
US6591838B2 (en) | 1998-07-06 | 2003-07-15 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Implant system and method for bulking tissue |
US7790192B2 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2010-09-07 | Accessclosure, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
US6703047B2 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2004-03-09 | Incept Llc | Dehydrated hydrogel precursor-based, tissue adherent compositions and methods of use |
US6605294B2 (en) * | 1998-08-14 | 2003-08-12 | Incept Llc | Methods of using in situ hydration of hydrogel articles for sealing or augmentation of tissue or vessels |
IL127209A0 (en) * | 1998-11-23 | 1999-09-22 | Bio Silk Ltd | Composition and method for treatment of hypertrophic skin accumulations and their prevention |
ATE473749T1 (en) * | 1999-08-05 | 2010-07-15 | Paradigm Biomedical Inc | USE OF RHAMNOLIPIDS FOR WOUND HEALING, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF GUM DISEASE AND PERIODONTAL REGENERATION |
US6541678B2 (en) * | 1999-09-27 | 2003-04-01 | Brennen Medical, Inc. | Immunostimulating coating for surgical devices |
AR026073A1 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2002-12-26 | Nycomed Gmbh | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AQUATIC CONTAINING CICLESONIDE |
US6682721B2 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2004-01-27 | Lg Household & Healthcare Ltd. | Patches for teeth whitening |
US8652446B2 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2014-02-18 | Lg Household & Healthcare Ltd. | Apparatus and method for whitening teeth |
US6425856B1 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2002-07-30 | Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. | Cardiac disease treatment and device |
US7494669B2 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2009-02-24 | Carrington Laboratories, Inc. | Delivery of physiological agents with in-situ gels comprising anionic polysaccharides |
US8980334B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2015-03-17 | Axiomedic Ltd. | Double-layered absorbable solid compositions for the topical treatment of oral mucosal disorders |
EP1236466B1 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2011-09-21 | Axiomedic Ltd. | Solid self-adhesive compositions for topical treatment of oral mucosal disorders |
US6777000B2 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2004-08-17 | Carrington Laboratories, Inc. | In-situ gel formation of pectin |
US20050191361A1 (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2005-09-01 | Powederject Research Ltd. | Hydrogel particle formation |
US6716158B2 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2004-04-06 | Mardil, Inc. | Method and apparatus for external stabilization of the heart |
US7201930B2 (en) | 2001-11-05 | 2007-04-10 | Haley Jeffrey T | Licorice root extract oral patch for treating canker sores |
US20030124178A1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-03 | Haley Jeffrey T. | Soft, adherent, soluble oral patch |
US20030155679A1 (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2003-08-21 | Reeves William G. | Method of making regenerated carbohydrate foam compositions |
US6945448B2 (en) * | 2002-06-18 | 2005-09-20 | Zimmer Technology, Inc. | Method for attaching a porous metal layer to a metal substrate |
US7918382B2 (en) * | 2002-06-18 | 2011-04-05 | Zimmer Technology, Inc. | Method for attaching a porous metal layer to a metal substrate |
US20040101548A1 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2004-05-27 | Pendharkar Sanyog Manohar | Hemostatic wound dressing containing aldehyde-modified polysaccharide |
US20040101546A1 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2004-05-27 | Gorman Anne Jessica | Hemostatic wound dressing containing aldehyde-modified polysaccharide and hemostatic agents |
US20040106344A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-06-03 | Looney Dwayne Lee | Hemostatic wound dressings containing proteinaceous polymers |
US7279177B2 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2007-10-09 | Ethicon, Inc. | Hemostatic wound dressings and methods of making same |
US7252837B2 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2007-08-07 | Ethicon, Inc. | Hemostatic wound dressing and method of making same |
US20040019360A1 (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2004-01-29 | Farnsworth Ted R. | Tissue repair device with a removable support member |
US8524200B2 (en) | 2002-09-11 | 2013-09-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Tooth whitening products |
US6863924B2 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2005-03-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of making an absorbent composite |
US20040156904A1 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2004-08-12 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Biodegradable polymer device |
US7019191B2 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2006-03-28 | Ethicon, Inc. | Hemostatic wound dressings and methods of making same |
JP4869066B2 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2012-02-01 | ケイオウエス ライフ サイエンスイズ,インコーポレイテッド | Technology for forming durable superporous hydrogels |
US9060770B2 (en) | 2003-05-20 | 2015-06-23 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Robotically-driven surgical instrument with E-beam driver |
US20070084897A1 (en) | 2003-05-20 | 2007-04-19 | Shelton Frederick E Iv | Articulating surgical stapling instrument incorporating a two-piece e-beam firing mechanism |
US20040241212A1 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-02 | Pendharkar Sanyog Manohar | Biodegradable hemostatic wound dressings |
US9289195B2 (en) | 2003-06-04 | 2016-03-22 | Access Closure, Inc. | Auto-retraction apparatus and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
US7331979B2 (en) * | 2003-06-04 | 2008-02-19 | Access Closure, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
US20040265371A1 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2004-12-30 | Looney Dwayne Lee | Hemostatic devices and methods of making same |
US20060199762A1 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2006-09-07 | Toshikazu Nakamura | Skin ulcer preventive curative agent containing human recombinant hgf |
US20050090905A1 (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2005-04-28 | Hawkins Michael E. | Porous implant with a dried, lubricious when wet, in vivo absorbable coating |
US20050272153A1 (en) * | 2004-01-27 | 2005-12-08 | Zou Xuenong | Bone tissue engineering by ex vivo stem cells ongrowth into three-dimensional trabecular metal |
US20050186240A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-08-25 | Ringeisen Timothy A. | Gel suitable for implantation and delivery system |
US20050255054A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-17 | Philp Graham K Jr | Method for tooth whitening, in particular a system for tooth whitening using a dissolvable tray or strip |
US9072535B2 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2015-07-07 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling instruments with rotatable staple deployment arrangements |
US11890012B2 (en) | 2004-07-28 | 2024-02-06 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising cartridge body and attached support |
US11998198B2 (en) | 2004-07-28 | 2024-06-04 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling instrument incorporating a two-piece E-beam firing mechanism |
US8215531B2 (en) | 2004-07-28 | 2012-07-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling instrument having a medical substance dispenser |
WO2006010273A1 (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2006-02-02 | The University Of British Columbia | Method for producing hydrocolloid foams |
US8348971B2 (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2013-01-08 | Accessclosure, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for facilitating hemostasis within a vascular puncture |
US20060258995A1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-11-16 | Pendharkar Sanyog M | Method for making a reinforced absorbable multilayered fabric for use in medical devices |
EP2837393A1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2015-02-18 | Ethicon, Inc. | Absorbable hemostat |
WO2006044881A2 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-27 | Ethicon, Inc. | A reinforced absorbable multilayered fabric for use in medical devices and method of manufacture |
US20060257457A1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-11-16 | Gorman Anne J | Method for making a reinforced absorbable multilayered hemostatic wound dressing |
US9358318B2 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2016-06-07 | Ethicon, Inc. | Method of making a reinforced absorbable multilayered hemostatic wound dressing |
US8262693B2 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2012-09-11 | Accessclosure, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
US20060134201A1 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2006-06-22 | Haley Jeffrey T | Collagen troches for treating mouth lesions |
US20060165611A1 (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2006-07-27 | National Research Laboratories, Ltd. | Composition for Treating and Preventing Periodontal Disease and Method of Use |
US20060210697A1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-21 | Mower Thomas E | Infant formula composition |
US20060210692A1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-21 | Mower Thomas E | Baby food composition |
US7666448B2 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2010-02-23 | Sakura Properties, Llc | Skin cleansing article |
US7749545B2 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2010-07-06 | Sakura Properties, Llc | Fucoidan compositions and methods for dietary and nutritional supplements |
US7776365B2 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2010-08-17 | Sakura Properties, Llc | Article with skin protecting and moisturizing compound |
US20060210515A1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-21 | Mower Thomas E | Hair growth formula |
US20060210688A1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-21 | Mower Thomas E | Dehydrated sports drink powder |
US20070020358A1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2007-01-25 | Mower Thomas E | Sports drink concentrate |
US20060210496A1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-21 | Mower Thomas E | Compositions for skin protection from ultraviolet damage |
US20060210514A1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-21 | Mower Thomas E | Skin protection and moisturizing compositions and method of making the same |
US7790216B2 (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2010-09-07 | Zimmer Technology, Inc. | Method for producing a zirconia-layered orthopedic implant component |
US7806856B2 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2010-10-05 | Accessclosure, Inc. | Apparatus and method for temporary hemostasis |
US11484312B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2022-11-01 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising a staple driver arrangement |
US10159482B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2018-12-25 | Ethicon Llc | Fastener cartridge assembly comprising a fixed anvil and different staple heights |
US11246590B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2022-02-15 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge including staple drivers having different unfired heights |
US7669746B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2010-03-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Staple cartridges for forming staples having differing formed staple heights |
US7934630B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2011-05-03 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Staple cartridges for forming staples having differing formed staple heights |
US9237891B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2016-01-19 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Robotically-controlled surgical stapling devices that produce formed staples having different lengths |
DE102005050654A1 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2007-04-26 | LABTEC Gesellschaft für technologische Forschung und Entwicklung mbH | lip paving |
US20070106317A1 (en) | 2005-11-09 | 2007-05-10 | Shelton Frederick E Iv | Hydraulically and electrically actuated articulation joints for surgical instruments |
US8708213B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2014-04-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument having a feedback system |
US20120292367A1 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2012-11-22 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Robotically-controlled end effector |
US20110290856A1 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2011-12-01 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Robotically-controlled surgical instrument with force-feedback capabilities |
US7845537B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2010-12-07 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument having recording capabilities |
US8186555B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2012-05-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Motor-driven surgical cutting and fastening instrument with mechanical closure system |
US20110024477A1 (en) | 2009-02-06 | 2011-02-03 | Hall Steven G | Driven Surgical Stapler Improvements |
US7753904B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2010-07-13 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic surgical instrument with a handle that can articulate with respect to the shaft |
US11793518B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2023-10-24 | Cilag Gmbh International | Powered surgical instruments with firing system lockout arrangements |
US11224427B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2022-01-18 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling system including a console and retraction assembly |
US11278279B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2022-03-22 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument assembly |
US8820603B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2014-09-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Accessing data stored in a memory of a surgical instrument |
JP5010834B2 (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2012-08-29 | 帝國製薬株式会社 | Patch |
US20070208217A1 (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2007-09-06 | Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. | Self-adjusting attachment structure for a cardiac support device |
US8349120B2 (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2013-01-08 | Ora Health Corporation | Multi-layer patch made on a sheet and enclosed in a blister |
CA2642941C (en) * | 2006-03-15 | 2014-05-20 | The University Of Sydney | Activated polymers binding biological molecules |
US8992422B2 (en) | 2006-03-23 | 2015-03-31 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Robotically-controlled endoscopic accessory channel |
US8795709B2 (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2014-08-05 | Incept Llc | Superabsorbent, freeze dried hydrogels for medical applications |
US20070248655A1 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2007-10-25 | Haley Jeffrey T | Lenticular shaped protective mouth sore discs |
US20070248654A1 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2007-10-25 | Haley Jeffrey T | Protective mouth sore discs made with corn starch |
WO2007130748A1 (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2007-11-15 | Discus Dental Impressions, Inc. | Dental instruments having anti-microbial coating |
US20070270882A1 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-22 | Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. | Pericardium management method for intra-pericardial surgical procedures |
US8322455B2 (en) | 2006-06-27 | 2012-12-04 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Manually driven surgical cutting and fastening instrument |
US20080097146A1 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-04-24 | Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. | Cardiac support device with low friction delivery structures |
US7651462B2 (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2010-01-26 | Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. | Cardiac support device delivery tool with release mechanism |
EP2077765A2 (en) | 2006-09-13 | 2009-07-15 | Accessclosure, Inc. | Apparatus for sealing a vascular puncture |
US7641608B1 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2010-01-05 | Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. | Sectional cardiac support device and method of delivery |
US8623842B2 (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2014-01-07 | Hemostasis, Llc | Hemostatic agent and method |
US10568652B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2020-02-25 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical staples having attached drivers of different heights and stapling instruments for deploying the same |
US8360297B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2013-01-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical cutting and stapling instrument with self adjusting anvil |
US8414550B2 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2013-04-09 | Lexion Medical, Llc | System and method to vent gas from a body cavity |
US11980366B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2024-05-14 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument |
WO2008080146A1 (en) * | 2006-12-26 | 2008-07-03 | Discus Dental, Llc | Disposable tongue scraper |
US11291441B2 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2022-04-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument with wireless communication between control unit and remote sensor |
US8652120B2 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2014-02-18 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument with wireless communication between control unit and sensor transponders |
US8840603B2 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2014-09-23 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument with wireless communication between control unit and sensor transponders |
US8684253B2 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2014-04-01 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument with wireless communication between a control unit of a robotic system and remote sensor |
US8701958B2 (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2014-04-22 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Curved end effector for a surgical stapling device |
US11039836B2 (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2021-06-22 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge for use with a surgical stapling instrument |
BRPI0721365B8 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2021-07-27 | Enwave Corp | method for drying a biologically active material |
JP2010519183A (en) * | 2007-02-06 | 2010-06-03 | インセプト エルエルシー | Polymerization using protein precipitation for elution of physiological solutions |
US8727197B2 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2014-05-20 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Staple cartridge cavity configuration with cooperative surgical staple |
US8893946B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2014-11-25 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Laparoscopic tissue thickness and clamp load measuring devices |
EP2155147B1 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2015-10-28 | Woodcliff Skincare Solutions, Inc. | Aloe preparation for skin enhancement |
TW200904340A (en) | 2007-05-11 | 2009-02-01 | Mannatech Inc | Processing of natural polysaccharides by selected non-pathogenic microorganisms and methods of making and using the same |
US11564682B2 (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2023-01-31 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapler device |
US8931682B2 (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2015-01-13 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Robotically-controlled shaft based rotary drive systems for surgical instruments |
US8133553B2 (en) | 2007-06-18 | 2012-03-13 | Zimmer, Inc. | Process for forming a ceramic layer |
US7753245B2 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2010-07-13 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling instruments |
US11849941B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2023-12-26 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge having staple cavities extending at a transverse angle relative to a longitudinal cartridge axis |
US8790345B2 (en) * | 2007-08-21 | 2014-07-29 | Zimmer, Inc. | Titanium alloy with oxidized zirconium for a prosthetic implant |
US20110129514A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2011-06-02 | Hossainy Syed F A | Hygroscopic coating on a balloon device |
US20110137243A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2011-06-09 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Coating On A Balloon Device |
US20090074679A1 (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2009-03-19 | Silverman Harvey N | Tooth whitening methods and apparatuses |
US20090088723A1 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-02 | Accessclosure, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for treating pseudoaneurysms |
US7993367B2 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2011-08-09 | Accessclosure, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
US20110028709A1 (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2011-02-03 | Mark Gerald Deacon-Shaw | Methods for sterilizing glucans |
EP2209426A4 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2015-04-22 | Incept Llc | Apparatus and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
DE102007056465B4 (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2010-06-02 | I.G. Bauerhin Gmbh | Motor vehicle seat with seat heating |
US8765170B2 (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2014-07-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Personal care composition in the form of an article |
JP5410110B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2014-02-05 | エシコン・エンド−サージェリィ・インコーポレイテッド | Surgical cutting / fixing instrument with RF electrode |
US11986183B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2024-05-21 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical cutting and fastening instrument comprising a plurality of sensors to measure an electrical parameter |
US9179912B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2015-11-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Robotically-controlled motorized surgical cutting and fastening instrument |
US8758391B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2014-06-24 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Interchangeable tools for surgical instruments |
US7819298B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2010-10-26 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling apparatus with control features operable with one hand |
US8636736B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2014-01-28 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Motorized surgical cutting and fastening instrument |
US7866527B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2011-01-11 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling apparatus with interlockable firing system |
US8573465B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2013-11-05 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Robotically-controlled surgical end effector system with rotary actuated closure systems |
US9770245B2 (en) | 2008-02-15 | 2017-09-26 | Ethicon Llc | Layer arrangements for surgical staple cartridges |
US11272927B2 (en) | 2008-02-15 | 2022-03-15 | Cilag Gmbh International | Layer arrangements for surgical staple cartridges |
US8585646B2 (en) | 2008-03-03 | 2013-11-19 | Lexion Medical, Llc | System and method to vent gas from a body cavity |
US9061087B2 (en) * | 2008-03-04 | 2015-06-23 | Hemostasis, Llc | Method of making a hemostatic sponge wound dressing comprising subjecting the sponge to water vapor |
US8029533B2 (en) | 2008-04-04 | 2011-10-04 | Accessclosure, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
US9364206B2 (en) | 2008-04-04 | 2016-06-14 | Access Closure, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
MX337657B (en) | 2008-04-16 | 2016-03-14 | Procter & Gamble | Non-lathering personal care composition in the form of an article. |
US9005230B2 (en) | 2008-09-23 | 2015-04-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Motorized surgical instrument |
US11648005B2 (en) | 2008-09-23 | 2023-05-16 | Cilag Gmbh International | Robotically-controlled motorized surgical instrument with an end effector |
US9386983B2 (en) | 2008-09-23 | 2016-07-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Robotically-controlled motorized surgical instrument |
US8210411B2 (en) | 2008-09-23 | 2012-07-03 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Motor-driven surgical cutting instrument |
US8608045B2 (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2013-12-17 | Ethicon Endo-Sugery, Inc. | Powered surgical cutting and stapling apparatus with manually retractable firing system |
US7833829B2 (en) * | 2008-10-28 | 2010-11-16 | Honeywell International Inc. | MEMS devices and methods of assembling micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) |
US8905760B2 (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2014-12-09 | Duane C. Keller | Methods and systems for progressively treating and controlling oral periopathogens causing systemic inflammations |
US8956161B2 (en) | 2008-11-04 | 2015-02-17 | Duane C Keller | Article and method for controlling oral-originated systemic disease |
WO2010056915A1 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-05-20 | Accessclosure, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
US20100291165A1 (en) * | 2008-12-08 | 2010-11-18 | Glenn Jr Robert Wayne | Personal care composition in the form of an article having a hydrophobic surface-resident coating |
MX2011005727A (en) * | 2008-12-08 | 2011-06-21 | Procter & Gamble | Personal care composition in the form of an article having a porous, dissolvable solid structure. |
WO2010077628A2 (en) | 2008-12-08 | 2010-07-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Personal care composition in the form of an atricle having a porous, dissolvable solid structure |
EP2355783B1 (en) * | 2008-12-08 | 2016-10-12 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Process of making an article for dissolution upon use to deliver surfactants |
MX2011006129A (en) * | 2008-12-08 | 2011-07-20 | Procter & Gamble | A porous, dissolvable solid substrate and surface resident inorganic particulate perfume complexes. |
US8517239B2 (en) | 2009-02-05 | 2013-08-27 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling instrument comprising a magnetic element driver |
US8444036B2 (en) | 2009-02-06 | 2013-05-21 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Motor driven surgical fastener device with mechanisms for adjusting a tissue gap within the end effector |
RU2525225C2 (en) | 2009-02-06 | 2014-08-10 | Этикон Эндо-Серджери, Инк. | Improvement of drive surgical suturing instrument |
JP5890182B2 (en) | 2009-02-12 | 2016-03-22 | インセプト エルエルシー | Drug delivery with hydrogel plugs |
CA2760704C (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2017-10-03 | Incept, Llc | Biomaterials for track and puncture closure |
US20110052663A1 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-03 | Hemostasis, Llc | Hemostatic Sponge with Enzyme and Method of Manufacture |
NZ599524A (en) | 2009-11-09 | 2014-04-30 | Spotlight Technology Partners Llc | Polysaccharide based hydrogels |
WO2011057133A1 (en) | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-12 | Spotlight Technology Partners Llc | Fragmented hydrogels |
MX339322B (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2016-05-20 | Procter & Gamble | A porous, dissolvable solid substrate and surface resident coating comprising matrix microspheres. |
MX2012006247A (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2012-06-19 | Procter & Gamble | A porous, dissolvable solid substrate and a surface resident coating of cationic surfactant conditioner. |
WO2011071969A1 (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2011-06-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | A porous, dissolvable solid substrate and a cationic surfactant conditioner material |
US9439958B2 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2016-09-13 | Arizona Board Of Regents Acting For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Stabilized virus like particles having enhanced mucosal immunogenicity |
US8851354B2 (en) | 2009-12-24 | 2014-10-07 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical cutting instrument that analyzes tissue thickness |
US8220688B2 (en) | 2009-12-24 | 2012-07-17 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Motor-driven surgical cutting instrument with electric actuator directional control assembly |
US9173826B2 (en) | 2010-02-16 | 2015-11-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Porous, dissolvable solid substrate and surface resident coating comprising a zync pyrithione |
CN101890185B (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2012-12-12 | 天津大学 | ZnO quantum dot vector/DNA composite-containing collagen-based composite cornea substitute, and preparation method and application thereof |
CN103025929B (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2015-11-25 | 宝洁公司 | Comprise their method of the long filament of activating agent, nonwoven web and preparation |
JP5759544B2 (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2015-08-05 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブルカンパニー | Methods for delivering active agents |
US20180163325A1 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2018-06-14 | Robert Wayne Glenn, Jr. | Dissolvable fibrous web structure article comprising active agents |
WO2012003349A2 (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Dissolvable fibrous web structure article comprising active agents |
JP5788503B2 (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2015-09-30 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブルカンパニー | Web material and manufacturing method thereof |
US9295663B2 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2016-03-29 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Drug coated balloon with in-situ formed drug containing microspheres |
US8783543B2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2014-07-22 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Tissue acquisition arrangements and methods for surgical stapling devices |
US20120029405A1 (en) * | 2010-07-31 | 2012-02-02 | Anthony Cataldi | Scented And Antiseptic Adhesive Bandage |
US11812965B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2023-11-14 | Cilag Gmbh International | Layer of material for a surgical end effector |
US9386988B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2016-07-12 | Ethicon End-Surgery, LLC | Retainer assembly including a tissue thickness compensator |
US11849952B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2023-12-26 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising staples positioned within a compressible portion thereof |
US9232941B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2016-01-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Tissue thickness compensator comprising a reservoir |
US11298125B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2022-04-12 | Cilag Gmbh International | Tissue stapler having a thickness compensator |
US9351730B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2016-05-31 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Tissue thickness compensator comprising channels |
US9364233B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2016-06-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Tissue thickness compensators for circular surgical staplers |
US9592050B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2017-03-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | End effector comprising a distal tissue abutment member |
US10945731B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2021-03-16 | Ethicon Llc | Tissue thickness compensator comprising controlled release and expansion |
US9629814B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2017-04-25 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Tissue thickness compensator configured to redistribute compressive forces |
US8857694B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2014-10-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Staple cartridge loading assembly |
US8695866B2 (en) | 2010-10-01 | 2014-04-15 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument having a power control circuit |
US8591229B2 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2013-11-26 | Duane C. Keller | Devices and methods for creating a positive pressure environment for treatment of oral biofilms associated with periodontal disease |
US9820728B2 (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2017-11-21 | Access Closure, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
WO2012100091A2 (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2012-07-26 | Accessclosure, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
US20120220973A1 (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2012-08-30 | Jennifer Wing-Yee Chan | Adhesive bandage |
AU2012250197B2 (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2017-08-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Staple cartridge comprising staples positioned within a compressible portion thereof |
US9386968B2 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2016-07-12 | Access Closure, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
US11207064B2 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2021-12-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Automated end effector component reloading system for use with a robotic system |
MX336047B (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2016-01-07 | Procter & Gamble | Soluble solid hair coloring article. |
US8439981B2 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2013-05-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Soluble solid hair coloring article |
US20120330352A1 (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-12-27 | Accessclosure, Inc. | Transapical closure devices and methods for use |
US10226417B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2019-03-12 | Peter Jarrett | Drug delivery systems and applications |
KR20190090048A (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2019-07-31 | 인셉트, 엘엘씨 | Medical organogel processes and compositions |
DE202011052225U1 (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-03-11 | Mcairlaid's Vliesstoffe Gmbh & Co. Kg | Spigot or cylindrical hygiene body |
US9044230B2 (en) | 2012-02-13 | 2015-06-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical cutting and fastening instrument with apparatus for determining cartridge and firing motion status |
US8721680B2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2014-05-13 | Accessclosure, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
US9757105B2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2017-09-12 | Accessclosure, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
CN104379068B (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2017-09-22 | 伊西康内外科公司 | Holding device assembly including tissue thickness compensation part |
MX358135B (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2018-08-06 | Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc | Tissue thickness compensator comprising a plurality of layers. |
MX350846B (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2017-09-22 | Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc | Tissue thickness compensator comprising capsules defining a low pressure environment. |
US8444716B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Soluble solid hair coloring article |
US9101358B2 (en) | 2012-06-15 | 2015-08-11 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Articulatable surgical instrument comprising a firing drive |
US20140001234A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Coupling arrangements for attaching surgical end effectors to drive systems therefor |
JP6290201B2 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2018-03-07 | エシコン・エンド−サージェリィ・インコーポレイテッドEthicon Endo−Surgery,Inc. | Lockout for empty clip cartridge |
US11197671B2 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2021-12-14 | Cilag Gmbh International | Stapling assembly comprising a lockout |
US9289256B2 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2016-03-22 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Surgical end effectors having angled tissue-contacting surfaces |
US20140001231A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Firing system lockout arrangements for surgical instruments |
US20140005718A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Multi-functional powered surgical device with external dissection features |
US9282974B2 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2016-03-15 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Empty clip cartridge lockout |
BR112014032776B1 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2021-09-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc | SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM AND SURGICAL KIT FOR USE WITH A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM |
CA2898620C (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2022-10-04 | Mardil, Inc. | Cardiac treatment system and method |
US9233055B2 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2016-01-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Personal care composition in the form of a dissolvable article |
RU2669463C2 (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2018-10-11 | Этикон Эндо-Серджери, Инк. | Surgical instrument with soft stop |
BR112015021098B1 (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2022-02-15 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc | COVERAGE FOR A JOINT JOINT AND SURGICAL INSTRUMENT |
US9808244B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-11-07 | Ethicon Llc | Sensor arrangements for absolute positioning system for surgical instruments |
US9629629B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-04-25 | Ethicon Endo-Surgey, LLC | Control systems for surgical instruments |
BR112015026109B1 (en) | 2013-04-16 | 2022-02-22 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc | surgical instrument |
US9649110B2 (en) | 2013-04-16 | 2017-05-16 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument comprising a closing drive and a firing drive operated from the same rotatable output |
JP6416260B2 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2018-10-31 | エシコン エルエルシー | Firing member retractor for a powered surgical instrument |
US20150053743A1 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2015-02-26 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Error detection arrangements for surgical instrument assemblies |
USD717954S1 (en) | 2013-10-14 | 2014-11-18 | Mardil, Inc. | Heart treatment device |
US9962161B2 (en) | 2014-02-12 | 2018-05-08 | Ethicon Llc | Deliverable surgical instrument |
BR112016019387B1 (en) | 2014-02-24 | 2022-11-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM AND FASTENER CARTRIDGE FOR USE WITH A SURGICAL FIXING INSTRUMENT |
BR112016021943B1 (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2022-06-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | SURGICAL INSTRUMENT FOR USE BY AN OPERATOR IN A SURGICAL PROCEDURE |
US9820738B2 (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2017-11-21 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument comprising interactive systems |
US9690362B2 (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2017-06-27 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument control circuit having a safety processor |
US10470768B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2019-11-12 | Ethicon Llc | Fastener cartridge including a layer attached thereto |
BR112016023698B1 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2022-07-26 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | FASTENER CARTRIDGE FOR USE WITH A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT |
JP6612256B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2019-11-27 | エシコン エルエルシー | Fastener cartridge with non-uniform fastener |
US9801628B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2017-10-31 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical staple and driver arrangements for staple cartridges |
JP6532889B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2019-06-19 | エシコン エルエルシーEthicon LLC | Fastener cartridge assembly and staple holder cover arrangement |
US20150297223A1 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2015-10-22 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Fastener cartridges including extensions having different configurations |
JP6362226B2 (en) | 2014-04-22 | 2018-07-25 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー | Composition in the form of a soluble solid structure |
US11311294B2 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2022-04-26 | Cilag Gmbh International | Powered medical device including measurement of closure state of jaws |
BR112017004361B1 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2023-04-11 | Ethicon Llc | ELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT |
US20160066913A1 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Local display of tissue parameter stabilization |
US10105142B2 (en) | 2014-09-18 | 2018-10-23 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical stapler with plurality of cutting elements |
BR112017005981B1 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2022-09-06 | Ethicon, Llc | ANCHOR MATERIAL FOR USE WITH A SURGICAL STAPLE CARTRIDGE AND SURGICAL STAPLE CARTRIDGE FOR USE WITH A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT |
US11523821B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2022-12-13 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for creating a flexible staple line |
US10076325B2 (en) | 2014-10-13 | 2018-09-18 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical stapling apparatus comprising a tissue stop |
US9924944B2 (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2018-03-27 | Ethicon Llc | Staple cartridge comprising an adjunct material |
US10517594B2 (en) | 2014-10-29 | 2019-12-31 | Ethicon Llc | Cartridge assemblies for surgical staplers |
US11141153B2 (en) | 2014-10-29 | 2021-10-12 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridges comprising driver arrangements |
US9844376B2 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2017-12-19 | Ethicon Llc | Staple cartridge comprising a releasable adjunct material |
US10736636B2 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2020-08-11 | Ethicon Llc | Articulatable surgical instrument system |
US10085748B2 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2018-10-02 | Ethicon Llc | Locking arrangements for detachable shaft assemblies with articulatable surgical end effectors |
US9844374B2 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2017-12-19 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument systems comprising an articulatable end effector and means for adjusting the firing stroke of a firing member |
MX2017008108A (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2018-03-06 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument with an anvil that is selectively movable about a discrete non-movable axis relative to a staple cartridge. |
US9844375B2 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2017-12-19 | Ethicon Llc | Drive arrangements for articulatable surgical instruments |
US9987000B2 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2018-06-05 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument assembly comprising a flexible articulation system |
US9968355B2 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2018-05-15 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instruments with articulatable end effectors and improved firing beam support arrangements |
US11154301B2 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2021-10-26 | Cilag Gmbh International | Modular stapling assembly |
US10321907B2 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2019-06-18 | Ethicon Llc | System for monitoring whether a surgical instrument needs to be serviced |
US10052044B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2018-08-21 | Ethicon Llc | Time dependent evaluation of sensor data to determine stability, creep, and viscoelastic elements of measures |
US10617412B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2020-04-14 | Ethicon Llc | System for detecting the mis-insertion of a staple cartridge into a surgical stapler |
JP2020121162A (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2020-08-13 | エシコン エルエルシーEthicon LLC | Time dependent evaluation of sensor data to determine stability element, creep element and viscoelastic element of measurement |
US9993248B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2018-06-12 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Smart sensors with local signal processing |
US9808246B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2017-11-07 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Method of operating a powered surgical instrument |
US10441279B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2019-10-15 | Ethicon Llc | Multiple level thresholds to modify operation of powered surgical instruments |
US9924961B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2018-03-27 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Interactive feedback system for powered surgical instruments |
US9901342B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2018-02-27 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Signal and power communication system positioned on a rotatable shaft |
US10245033B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2019-04-02 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument comprising a lockable battery housing |
US10687806B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2020-06-23 | Ethicon Llc | Adaptive tissue compression techniques to adjust closure rates for multiple tissue types |
US10390825B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2019-08-27 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument with progressive rotary drive systems |
US10835249B2 (en) | 2015-08-17 | 2020-11-17 | Ethicon Llc | Implantable layers for a surgical instrument |
US10327769B2 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2019-06-25 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical stapler having motor control based on a drive system component |
US10238386B2 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2019-03-26 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical stapler having motor control based on an electrical parameter related to a motor current |
US10105139B2 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2018-10-23 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical stapler having downstream current-based motor control |
US10363036B2 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2019-07-30 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical stapler having force-based motor control |
US10299878B2 (en) | 2015-09-25 | 2019-05-28 | Ethicon Llc | Implantable adjunct systems for determining adjunct skew |
US10980539B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2021-04-20 | Ethicon Llc | Implantable adjunct comprising bonded layers |
US10433846B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2019-10-08 | Ethicon Llc | Compressible adjunct with crossing spacer fibers |
US10327777B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2019-06-25 | Ethicon Llc | Implantable layer comprising plastically deformed fibers |
US11890015B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2024-02-06 | Cilag Gmbh International | Compressible adjunct with crossing spacer fibers |
US10265068B2 (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2019-04-23 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instruments with separable motors and motor control circuits |
US10368865B2 (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2019-08-06 | Ethicon Llc | Mechanisms for compensating for drivetrain failure in powered surgical instruments |
US10292704B2 (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2019-05-21 | Ethicon Llc | Mechanisms for compensating for battery pack failure in powered surgical instruments |
US11213293B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 | 2022-01-04 | Cilag Gmbh International | Articulatable surgical instruments with single articulation link arrangements |
US10245029B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 | 2019-04-02 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument with articulating and axially translatable end effector |
JP6911054B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 | 2021-07-28 | エシコン エルエルシーEthicon LLC | Surgical instruments with asymmetric joint composition |
US10258331B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2019-04-16 | Ethicon Llc | Mechanisms for compensating for drivetrain failure in powered surgical instruments |
US10448948B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2019-10-22 | Ethicon Llc | Mechanisms for compensating for drivetrain failure in powered surgical instruments |
US11224426B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2022-01-18 | Cilag Gmbh International | Mechanisms for compensating for drivetrain failure in powered surgical instruments |
US10413297B2 (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2019-09-17 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical stapling system configured to apply annular rows of staples having different heights |
US10617413B2 (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2020-04-14 | Ethicon Llc | Closure system arrangements for surgical cutting and stapling devices with separate and distinct firing shafts |
US11179150B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2021-11-23 | Cilag Gmbh International | Systems and methods for controlling a surgical stapling and cutting instrument |
US10426467B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2019-10-01 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument with detection sensors |
US10357247B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2019-07-23 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument with multiple program responses during a firing motion |
US10456137B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2019-10-29 | Ethicon Llc | Staple formation detection mechanisms |
US10492783B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2019-12-03 | Ethicon, Llc | Surgical instrument with improved stop/start control during a firing motion |
US11607239B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2023-03-21 | Cilag Gmbh International | Systems and methods for controlling a surgical stapling and cutting instrument |
US10335145B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2019-07-02 | Ethicon Llc | Modular surgical instrument with configurable operating mode |
US10405859B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2019-09-10 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument with adjustable stop/start control during a firing motion |
US10828028B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2020-11-10 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument with multiple program responses during a firing motion |
US11317917B2 (en) | 2016-04-18 | 2022-05-03 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling system comprising a lockable firing assembly |
US10363037B2 (en) | 2016-04-18 | 2019-07-30 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument system comprising a magnetic lockout |
US20170296173A1 (en) | 2016-04-18 | 2017-10-19 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Method for operating a surgical instrument |
WO2018108256A1 (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-06-21 | Stahl Kurt Wilhelm | Composition for dressing cutaneous lesions and manufacturing method thereof |
US10980536B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2021-04-20 | Ethicon Llc | No-cartridge and spent cartridge lockout arrangements for surgical staplers |
US10918385B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2021-02-16 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical system comprising a firing member rotatable into an articulation state to articulate an end effector of the surgical system |
US10758230B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2020-09-01 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument with primary and safety processors |
JP7086963B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2022-06-20 | エシコン エルエルシー | Surgical instrument system with end effector lockout and launch assembly lockout |
US10537325B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2020-01-21 | Ethicon Llc | Staple forming pocket arrangement to accommodate different types of staples |
JP7010956B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2022-01-26 | エシコン エルエルシー | How to staple tissue |
US20180168615A1 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-21 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Method of deforming staples from two different types of staple cartridges with the same surgical stapling instrument |
US11419606B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2022-08-23 | Cilag Gmbh International | Shaft assembly comprising a clutch configured to adapt the output of a rotary firing member to two different systems |
US10667809B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2020-06-02 | Ethicon Llc | Staple cartridge and staple cartridge channel comprising windows defined therein |
CN110087565A (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2019-08-02 | 爱惜康有限责任公司 | Surgical stapling system |
US10881401B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2021-01-05 | Ethicon Llc | Staple firing member comprising a missing cartridge and/or spent cartridge lockout |
JP6983893B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2021-12-17 | エシコン エルエルシーEthicon LLC | Lockout configuration for surgical end effectors and replaceable tool assemblies |
US10736629B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2020-08-11 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical tool assemblies with clutching arrangements for shifting between closure systems with closure stroke reduction features and articulation and firing systems |
US11134942B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2021-10-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling instruments and staple-forming anvils |
US10588632B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2020-03-17 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical end effectors and firing members thereof |
US10568625B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2020-02-25 | Ethicon Llc | Staple cartridges and arrangements of staples and staple cavities therein |
US20180168577A1 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-21 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc | Axially movable closure system arrangements for applying closure motions to jaws of surgical instruments |
US10499914B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2019-12-10 | Ethicon Llc | Staple forming pocket arrangements |
US10856868B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2020-12-08 | Ethicon Llc | Firing member pin configurations |
US10426471B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2019-10-01 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument with multiple failure response modes |
WO2018140675A1 (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2018-08-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions in the form of dissolvable solid structures comprising effervescent agglomerated particles |
MX2019008762A (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2019-09-18 | Procter & Gamble | Compositions in the form of dissolvable solid structures. |
CN110650723A (en) | 2017-05-16 | 2020-01-03 | 宝洁公司 | Conditioning hair care compositions in the form of a soluble solid structure |
US11517325B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2022-12-06 | Cilag Gmbh International | Closed loop feedback control of motor velocity of a surgical stapling and cutting instrument based on measured displacement distance traveled over a specified time interval |
US10980537B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2021-04-20 | Ethicon Llc | Closed loop feedback control of motor velocity of a surgical stapling and cutting instrument based on measured time over a specified number of shaft rotations |
US10368864B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2019-08-06 | Ethicon Llc | Systems and methods for controlling displaying motor velocity for a surgical instrument |
USD890784S1 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2020-07-21 | Ethicon Llc | Display panel with changeable graphical user interface |
US10390841B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2019-08-27 | Ethicon Llc | Control of motor velocity of a surgical stapling and cutting instrument based on angle of articulation |
US11090046B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2021-08-17 | Cilag Gmbh International | Systems and methods for controlling displacement member motion of a surgical stapling and cutting instrument |
US10881396B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2021-01-05 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument with variable duration trigger arrangement |
US11382638B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2022-07-12 | Cilag Gmbh International | Closed loop feedback control of motor velocity of a surgical stapling and cutting instrument based on measured time over a specified displacement distance |
US10646220B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2020-05-12 | Ethicon Llc | Systems and methods for controlling displacement member velocity for a surgical instrument |
USD879809S1 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2020-03-31 | Ethicon Llc | Display panel with changeable graphical user interface |
US10881399B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2021-01-05 | Ethicon Llc | Techniques for adaptive control of motor velocity of a surgical stapling and cutting instrument |
US10327767B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2019-06-25 | Ethicon Llc | Control of motor velocity of a surgical stapling and cutting instrument based on angle of articulation |
US10779820B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2020-09-22 | Ethicon Llc | Systems and methods for controlling motor speed according to user input for a surgical instrument |
US11653914B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2023-05-23 | Cilag Gmbh International | Systems and methods for controlling motor velocity of a surgical stapling and cutting instrument according to articulation angle of end effector |
US10888321B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2021-01-12 | Ethicon Llc | Systems and methods for controlling velocity of a displacement member of a surgical stapling and cutting instrument |
US11071554B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2021-07-27 | Cilag Gmbh International | Closed loop feedback control of motor velocity of a surgical stapling and cutting instrument based on magnitude of velocity error measurements |
US10813639B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2020-10-27 | Ethicon Llc | Closed loop feedback control of motor velocity of a surgical stapling and cutting instrument based on system conditions |
US10307170B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2019-06-04 | Ethicon Llc | Method for closed loop control of motor velocity of a surgical stapling and cutting instrument |
USD879808S1 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2020-03-31 | Ethicon Llc | Display panel with graphical user interface |
US10624633B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2020-04-21 | Ethicon Llc | Systems and methods for controlling motor velocity of a surgical stapling and cutting instrument |
US11324503B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2022-05-10 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical firing member arrangements |
US10993716B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2021-05-04 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical anvil arrangements |
US11266405B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2022-03-08 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical anvil manufacturing methods |
US11141154B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2021-10-12 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical end effectors and anvils |
US10772629B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2020-09-15 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical anvil arrangements |
US10856869B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2020-12-08 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical anvil arrangements |
US11259805B2 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2022-03-01 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising firing member supports |
US10639037B2 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2020-05-05 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument with axially movable closure member |
USD851762S1 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2019-06-18 | Ethicon Llc | Anvil |
US10765427B2 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2020-09-08 | Ethicon Llc | Method for articulating a surgical instrument |
USD869655S1 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2019-12-10 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical fastener cartridge |
US11246592B2 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2022-02-15 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising an articulation system lockable to a frame |
USD906355S1 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2020-12-29 | Ethicon Llc | Display screen or portion thereof with a graphical user interface for a surgical instrument |
US10716614B2 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2020-07-21 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical shaft assemblies with slip ring assemblies with increased contact pressure |
USD854151S1 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2019-07-16 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument shaft |
EP4070740A1 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2022-10-12 | Cilag GmbH International | Surgical instrument comprising selectively actuatable rotatable couplers |
US11678880B2 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2023-06-20 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising a shaft including a housing arrangement |
US11564686B2 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2023-01-31 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical shaft assemblies with flexible interfaces |
US10903685B2 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2021-01-26 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical shaft assemblies with slip ring assemblies forming capacitive channels |
US11007022B2 (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2021-05-18 | Ethicon Llc | Closed loop velocity control techniques based on sensed tissue parameters for robotic surgical instrument |
US10898183B2 (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2021-01-26 | Ethicon Llc | Robotic surgical instrument with closed loop feedback techniques for advancement of closure member during firing |
US10932772B2 (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2021-03-02 | Ethicon Llc | Methods for closed loop velocity control for robotic surgical instrument |
US10398434B2 (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2019-09-03 | Ethicon Llc | Closed loop velocity control of closure member for robotic surgical instrument |
US10258418B2 (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2019-04-16 | Ethicon Llc | System for controlling articulation forces |
US11471155B2 (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2022-10-18 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical system bailout |
US11974742B2 (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2024-05-07 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical system comprising an articulation bailout |
US11304695B2 (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2022-04-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical system shaft interconnection |
US11944300B2 (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2024-04-02 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for operating a surgical system bailout |
US10729501B2 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2020-08-04 | Ethicon Llc | Systems and methods for language selection of a surgical instrument |
USD907647S1 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2021-01-12 | Ethicon Llc | Display screen or portion thereof with animated graphical user interface |
USD917500S1 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2021-04-27 | Ethicon Llc | Display screen or portion thereof with graphical user interface |
US11399829B2 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2022-08-02 | Cilag Gmbh International | Systems and methods of initiating a power shutdown mode for a surgical instrument |
US10765429B2 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2020-09-08 | Ethicon Llc | Systems and methods for providing alerts according to the operational state of a surgical instrument |
US10743872B2 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2020-08-18 | Ethicon Llc | System and methods for controlling a display of a surgical instrument |
US10796471B2 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2020-10-06 | Ethicon Llc | Systems and methods of displaying a knife position for a surgical instrument |
USD907648S1 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2021-01-12 | Ethicon Llc | Display screen or portion thereof with animated graphical user interface |
US11134944B2 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2021-10-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapler knife motion controls |
US11090075B2 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2021-08-17 | Cilag Gmbh International | Articulation features for surgical end effector |
US10779903B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2020-09-22 | Ethicon Llc | Positive shaft rotation lock activated by jaw closure |
US10842490B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2020-11-24 | Ethicon Llc | Cartridge body design with force reduction based on firing completion |
US11033267B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2021-06-15 | Ethicon Llc | Systems and methods of controlling a clamping member firing rate of a surgical instrument |
US10743874B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2020-08-18 | Ethicon Llc | Sealed adapters for use with electromechanical surgical instruments |
US11071543B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2021-07-27 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical end effectors with clamping assemblies configured to increase jaw aperture ranges |
US11006955B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2021-05-18 | Ethicon Llc | End effectors with positive jaw opening features for use with adapters for electromechanical surgical instruments |
US10779826B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2020-09-22 | Ethicon Llc | Methods of operating surgical end effectors |
US10779825B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2020-09-22 | Ethicon Llc | Adapters with end effector position sensing and control arrangements for use in connection with electromechanical surgical instruments |
US11197670B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2021-12-14 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical end effectors with pivotal jaws configured to touch at their respective distal ends when fully closed |
US10966718B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2021-04-06 | Ethicon Llc | Dynamic clamping assemblies with improved wear characteristics for use in connection with electromechanical surgical instruments |
US10743875B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2020-08-18 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical end effectors with jaw stiffener arrangements configured to permit monitoring of firing member |
US10869666B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2020-12-22 | Ethicon Llc | Adapters with control systems for controlling multiple motors of an electromechanical surgical instrument |
US10828033B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2020-11-10 | Ethicon Llc | Handheld electromechanical surgical instruments with improved motor control arrangements for positioning components of an adapter coupled thereto |
US10687813B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2020-06-23 | Ethicon Llc | Adapters with firing stroke sensing arrangements for use in connection with electromechanical surgical instruments |
US11020112B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2021-06-01 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical tools configured for interchangeable use with different controller interfaces |
US11045270B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2021-06-29 | Cilag Gmbh International | Robotic attachment comprising exterior drive actuator |
US10729509B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2020-08-04 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument comprising closure and firing locking mechanism |
USD910847S1 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2021-02-16 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument assembly |
US10835330B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2020-11-17 | Ethicon Llc | Method for determining the position of a rotatable jaw of a surgical instrument attachment assembly |
US10716565B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2020-07-21 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instruments with dual articulation drivers |
US11076853B2 (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2021-08-03 | Cilag Gmbh International | Systems and methods of displaying a knife position during transection for a surgical instrument |
US11129680B2 (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2021-09-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising a projector |
US11147547B2 (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2021-10-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapler comprising storable cartridges having different staple sizes |
US11311290B2 (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2022-04-26 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising an end effector dampener |
KR102083002B1 (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2020-02-28 | 한양대학교 에리카산학협력단 | Probiotics-loaded double-layered wound dressing and method for preparing the same |
JP1629688S (en) | 2018-07-16 | 2019-04-15 | ||
US11918602B2 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2024-03-05 | Simeon Investment, Inc. | Methods for reducing cholesterol with superabsorbent materials |
US11925660B2 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2024-03-12 | Simeon Investment, Inc. | Treatment for obesity with superabsorbent materials |
US11291440B2 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2022-04-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for operating a powered articulatable surgical instrument |
US10842492B2 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2020-11-24 | Ethicon Llc | Powered articulatable surgical instruments with clutching and locking arrangements for linking an articulation drive system to a firing drive system |
US10856870B2 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2020-12-08 | Ethicon Llc | Switching arrangements for motor powered articulatable surgical instruments |
US11324501B2 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2022-05-10 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling devices with improved closure members |
US11083458B2 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2021-08-10 | Cilag Gmbh International | Powered surgical instruments with clutching arrangements to convert linear drive motions to rotary drive motions |
US11039834B2 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2021-06-22 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapler anvils with staple directing protrusions and tissue stability features |
US10912559B2 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2021-02-09 | Ethicon Llc | Reinforced deformable anvil tip for surgical stapler anvil |
USD914878S1 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2021-03-30 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument anvil |
US11253256B2 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2022-02-22 | Cilag Gmbh International | Articulatable motor powered surgical instruments with dedicated articulation motor arrangements |
US10779821B2 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2020-09-22 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical stapler anvils with tissue stop features configured to avoid tissue pinch |
US11207065B2 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2021-12-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for fabricating surgical stapler anvils |
US11045192B2 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2021-06-29 | Cilag Gmbh International | Fabricating techniques for surgical stapler anvils |
US11666514B2 (en) | 2018-09-21 | 2023-06-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures containing polymer matrix particles with perfume ingredients |
CN109497634A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-22 | 长沙浩然医疗科技有限公司 | A kind of athletic undergarment that environmental protection care chest gas permeability stiff stability is high |
USD913507S1 (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2021-03-16 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. | Adhesive bandage with decorated pad |
USD918398S1 (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2021-05-04 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. | Adhesive bandage with decorated pad |
US11172929B2 (en) | 2019-03-25 | 2021-11-16 | Cilag Gmbh International | Articulation drive arrangements for surgical systems |
US11696761B2 (en) | 2019-03-25 | 2023-07-11 | Cilag Gmbh International | Firing drive arrangements for surgical systems |
US11147551B2 (en) | 2019-03-25 | 2021-10-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Firing drive arrangements for surgical systems |
US11147553B2 (en) | 2019-03-25 | 2021-10-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Firing drive arrangements for surgical systems |
US11369473B2 (en) | 2019-04-08 | 2022-06-28 | Loubert S. Suddaby | Extended release immunomodulatory implant to facilitate bone morphogenesis |
US11779683B2 (en) | 2019-04-08 | 2023-10-10 | Loubert S. Suddaby | Extended release immunomodulatory implant to facilitate bone morphogenesis |
US11426251B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2022-08-30 | Cilag Gmbh International | Articulation directional lights on a surgical instrument |
US11471157B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2022-10-18 | Cilag Gmbh International | Articulation control mapping for a surgical instrument |
US11253254B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2022-02-22 | Cilag Gmbh International | Shaft rotation actuator on a surgical instrument |
US11452528B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2022-09-27 | Cilag Gmbh International | Articulation actuators for a surgical instrument |
US11432816B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2022-09-06 | Cilag Gmbh International | Articulation pin for a surgical instrument |
US11648009B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2023-05-16 | Cilag Gmbh International | Rotatable jaw tip for a surgical instrument |
US11903581B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2024-02-20 | Cilag Gmbh International | Methods for stapling tissue using a surgical instrument |
US11478241B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-10-25 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge including projections |
US12004740B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2024-06-11 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling system having an information decryption protocol |
US11684434B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2023-06-27 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical RFID assemblies for instrument operational setting control |
US11553971B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2023-01-17 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical RFID assemblies for display and communication |
US11298127B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-04-12 | Cilag GmbH Interational | Surgical stapling system having a lockout mechanism for an incompatible cartridge |
US11259803B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-03-01 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling system having an information encryption protocol |
US11241235B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-02-08 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method of using multiple RFID chips with a surgical assembly |
US11497492B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-11-15 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument including an articulation lock |
US11298132B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-04-12 | Cilag GmbH Inlernational | Staple cartridge including a honeycomb extension |
US11660163B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2023-05-30 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical system with RFID tags for updating motor assembly parameters |
US11051807B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2021-07-06 | Cilag Gmbh International | Packaging assembly including a particulate trap |
US11771419B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2023-10-03 | Cilag Gmbh International | Packaging for a replaceable component of a surgical stapling system |
US11224497B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-01-18 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical systems with multiple RFID tags |
US11523822B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-12-13 | Cilag Gmbh International | Battery pack including a circuit interrupter |
US11464601B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-10-11 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising an RFID system for tracking a movable component |
US11399837B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-08-02 | Cilag Gmbh International | Mechanisms for motor control adjustments of a motorized surgical instrument |
US11627959B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2023-04-18 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instruments including manual and powered system lockouts |
US11426167B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-08-30 | Cilag Gmbh International | Mechanisms for proper anvil attachment surgical stapling head assembly |
US11246678B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-02-15 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling system having a frangible RFID tag |
US11376098B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-07-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument system comprising an RFID system |
US11638587B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2023-05-02 | Cilag Gmbh International | RFID identification systems for surgical instruments |
US11291451B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-04-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument with battery compatibility verification functionality |
CA3134222C (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2024-01-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Dissolvable solid fibrous articles containing anionic surfactants |
US11219455B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-01-11 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument including a lockout key |
MX2021015391A (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2022-01-24 | Procter & Gamble | Fibrous structures containing cationic surfactants and soluble acids. |
US11135336B2 (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2021-10-05 | L'oreal | Thin-film vehicles that stabilize highly reactive active ingredients |
USD939359S1 (en) | 2019-10-01 | 2021-12-28 | The Procter And Gamble Plaza | Packaging for a single dose personal care product |
KR20220062613A (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2022-05-17 | 더 프록터 앤드 갬블 캄파니 | Biodegradable and/or home compostable sachets containing solid articles |
WO2021097691A1 (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2021-05-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Porous dissolvable solid structure |
EP4065068A1 (en) | 2019-12-01 | 2022-10-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hair conditioner compositions with a preservation system containing sodium benzoate and glycols and/or glyceryl esters |
US11931033B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2024-03-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising a latch lockout |
US11529139B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2022-12-20 | Cilag Gmbh International | Motor driven surgical instrument |
US11576672B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2023-02-14 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising a closure system including a closure member and an opening member driven by a drive screw |
US11701111B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2023-07-18 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for operating a surgical stapling instrument |
US11291447B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2022-04-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Stapling instrument comprising independent jaw closing and staple firing systems |
US11559304B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2023-01-24 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising a rapid closure mechanism |
US11234698B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2022-02-01 | Cilag Gmbh International | Stapling system comprising a clamp lockout and a firing lockout |
US11446029B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2022-09-20 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising projections extending from a curved deck surface |
US11504122B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2022-11-22 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising a nested firing member |
US11304696B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2022-04-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising a powered articulation system |
US11844520B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2023-12-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising driver retention members |
US11529137B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2022-12-20 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising driver retention members |
US11464512B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2022-10-11 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising a curved deck surface |
US11607219B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2023-03-21 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising a detachable tissue cutting knife |
US11911032B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2024-02-27 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising a seating cam |
USD941051S1 (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2022-01-18 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Shower hanger |
USD962050S1 (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2022-08-30 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Primary package for a solid, single dose beauty care composition |
USD976401S1 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2023-01-24 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge |
USD975851S1 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2023-01-17 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge |
USD966512S1 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2022-10-11 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge |
USD975850S1 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2023-01-17 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge |
USD974560S1 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2023-01-03 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge |
USD967421S1 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2022-10-18 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge |
USD975278S1 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2023-01-10 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge |
USD965440S1 (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2022-10-04 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Package |
US11660090B2 (en) | 2020-07-28 | 2023-05-30 | Cllag GmbH International | Surgical instruments with segmented flexible drive arrangements |
MX2023001042A (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2023-02-16 | Procter & Gamble | Water-soluble fibrous pouch containing prills for hair care. |
CN116018123A (en) | 2020-08-11 | 2023-04-25 | 宝洁公司 | Moisturizing hair conditioner composition containing valine ester ethane sulfonate of brassinolide |
US11696882B2 (en) | 2020-08-11 | 2023-07-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Clean rinse hair conditioner compositions containing brassicyl valinate esylate |
MX2023001046A (en) | 2020-08-11 | 2023-02-16 | Procter & Gamble | Low viscosity hair conditioner compositions containing brassicyl valinate esylate. |
BR112023003531A2 (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2023-04-11 | Procter & Gamble | DISSOLVABLE SOLID ARTICLE CONTAINING ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVES |
USD1013170S1 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2024-01-30 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument assembly |
US11617577B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2023-04-04 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising a sensor configured to sense whether an articulation drive of the surgical instrument is actuatable |
US11452526B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2022-09-27 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising a staged voltage regulation start-up system |
US11534259B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2022-12-27 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising an articulation indicator |
US11779330B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2023-10-10 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising a jaw alignment system |
US11931025B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2024-03-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising a releasable closure drive lock |
USD980425S1 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2023-03-07 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument assembly |
US11844518B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2023-12-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for operating a surgical instrument |
US11717289B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2023-08-08 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising an indicator which indicates that an articulation drive is actuatable |
US11517390B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2022-12-06 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising a limited travel switch |
US11896217B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2024-02-13 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising an articulation lock |
EP4255384A1 (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2023-10-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Aqueous hair conditioner compositions containing solubilized anti-dandruff actives |
US11890010B2 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2024-02-06 | Cllag GmbH International | Dual-sided reinforced reload for surgical instruments |
US11849943B2 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2023-12-26 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument with cartridge release mechanisms |
US11944296B2 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2024-04-02 | Cilag Gmbh International | Powered surgical instruments with external connectors |
US11653915B2 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2023-05-23 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instruments with sled location detection and adjustment features |
US11678882B2 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2023-06-20 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instruments with interactive features to remedy incidental sled movements |
US11744581B2 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2023-09-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Powered surgical instruments with multi-phase tissue treatment |
US11627960B2 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2023-04-18 | Cilag Gmbh International | Powered surgical instruments with smart reload with separately attachable exteriorly mounted wiring connections |
US11653920B2 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2023-05-23 | Cilag Gmbh International | Powered surgical instruments with communication interfaces through sterile barrier |
US11737751B2 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2023-08-29 | Cilag Gmbh International | Devices and methods of managing energy dissipated within sterile barriers of surgical instrument housings |
US11793514B2 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2023-10-24 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising sensor array which may be embedded in cartridge body |
US11950779B2 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2024-04-09 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method of powering and communicating with a staple cartridge |
US11812964B2 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2023-11-14 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising a power management circuit |
US11730473B2 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2023-08-22 | Cilag Gmbh International | Monitoring of manufacturing life-cycle |
US11925349B2 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2024-03-12 | Cilag Gmbh International | Adjustment to transfer parameters to improve available power |
US11696757B2 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2023-07-11 | Cilag Gmbh International | Monitoring of internal systems to detect and track cartridge motion status |
US11749877B2 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2023-09-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Stapling instrument comprising a signal antenna |
US11751869B2 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2023-09-12 | Cilag Gmbh International | Monitoring of multiple sensors over time to detect moving characteristics of tissue |
US11744583B2 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2023-09-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Distal communication array to tune frequency of RF systems |
US11723657B2 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2023-08-15 | Cilag Gmbh International | Adjustable communication based on available bandwidth and power capacity |
US11980362B2 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2024-05-14 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument system comprising a power transfer coil |
US11950777B2 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2024-04-09 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising an information access control system |
US11701113B2 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2023-07-18 | Cilag Gmbh International | Stapling instrument comprising a separate power antenna and a data transfer antenna |
US11759202B2 (en) | 2021-03-22 | 2023-09-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising an implantable layer |
US11723658B2 (en) | 2021-03-22 | 2023-08-15 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising a firing lockout |
US11717291B2 (en) | 2021-03-22 | 2023-08-08 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising staples configured to apply different tissue compression |
US11806011B2 (en) | 2021-03-22 | 2023-11-07 | Cilag Gmbh International | Stapling instrument comprising tissue compression systems |
US11737749B2 (en) | 2021-03-22 | 2023-08-29 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling instrument comprising a retraction system |
US11826012B2 (en) | 2021-03-22 | 2023-11-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Stapling instrument comprising a pulsed motor-driven firing rack |
US11826042B2 (en) | 2021-03-22 | 2023-11-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising a firing drive including a selectable leverage mechanism |
US11849944B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2023-12-26 | Cilag Gmbh International | Drivers for fastener cartridge assemblies having rotary drive screws |
US11793516B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2023-10-24 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical staple cartridge comprising longitudinal support beam |
US11832816B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2023-12-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling assembly comprising nonplanar staples and planar staples |
US11903582B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2024-02-20 | Cilag Gmbh International | Leveraging surfaces for cartridge installation |
US11744603B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2023-09-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Multi-axis pivot joints for surgical instruments and methods for manufacturing same |
US11857183B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2024-01-02 | Cilag Gmbh International | Stapling assembly components having metal substrates and plastic bodies |
US11896218B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2024-02-13 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method of using a powered stapling device |
US11849945B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2023-12-26 | Cilag Gmbh International | Rotary-driven surgical stapling assembly comprising eccentrically driven firing member |
US11944336B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2024-04-02 | Cilag Gmbh International | Joint arrangements for multi-planar alignment and support of operational drive shafts in articulatable surgical instruments |
US11786239B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2023-10-17 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument articulation joint arrangements comprising multiple moving linkage features |
US11896219B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2024-02-13 | Cilag Gmbh International | Mating features between drivers and underside of a cartridge deck |
US11786243B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2023-10-17 | Cilag Gmbh International | Firing members having flexible portions for adapting to a load during a surgical firing stroke |
US20220378426A1 (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2022-12-01 | Cilag Gmbh International | Stapling instrument comprising a mounted shaft orientation sensor |
US11980363B2 (en) | 2021-10-18 | 2024-05-14 | Cilag Gmbh International | Row-to-row staple array variations |
US11957337B2 (en) | 2021-10-18 | 2024-04-16 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling assembly with offset ramped drive surfaces |
US11877745B2 (en) | 2021-10-18 | 2024-01-23 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling assembly having longitudinally-repeating staple leg clusters |
US11937816B2 (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2024-03-26 | Cilag Gmbh International | Electrical lead arrangements for surgical instruments |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4002173A (en) * | 1974-07-23 | 1977-01-11 | International Paper Company | Diester crosslinked polyglucan hydrogels and reticulated sponges thereof |
US4333461A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1982-06-08 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Borated polysaccharide absorbents and absorbent products |
US5118673A (en) * | 1982-05-07 | 1992-06-02 | Carrington Laboratories, Inc. | Uses of aloe products |
US4851224A (en) * | 1986-06-05 | 1989-07-25 | Carrington Laboratories, Inc. | Process for preparation of aloe products |
US5106616A (en) * | 1988-01-14 | 1992-04-21 | Carrington Laboratories, Inc. | Administration of acemannan |
SE8501022L (en) * | 1985-03-01 | 1986-09-02 | Pharmacia Ab | FORMAT CREATES AND PROCEDURES FOR ITS PREPARATION |
AU607681B2 (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1991-03-14 | Carrington Laboratories, Inc. | Processes for preparation of aloe products, products produced thereby and compositions thereof |
US5079018A (en) * | 1989-08-14 | 1992-01-07 | Neophore Technologies, Inc. | Freeze dry composition and method for oral administration of drugs, biologicals, nutrients and foodstuffs |
EP0625894A1 (en) * | 1991-10-09 | 1994-11-30 | LecTec Corporation | Aqueous gel wound dressing and package |
GB9209327D0 (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 1992-06-17 | Johnson & Johnson Medical | Freeze-dried pad |
-
1993
- 1993-06-24 US US08/082,028 patent/US5409703A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-06-22 KR KR1019950705867A patent/KR100343293B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-22 CN CN94192541A patent/CN1127474A/en active Pending
- 1994-06-22 EP EP94920306A patent/EP0705113B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-22 AT AT94920306T patent/ATE218376T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-22 CA CA002164624A patent/CA2164624A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-06-22 AU AU71153/94A patent/AU7115394A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-06-22 WO PCT/US1994/007066 patent/WO1995000184A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-06-22 JP JP50307795A patent/JP2992835B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-06-22 DE DE69430746T patent/DE69430746T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005508980A (en) * | 2001-11-05 | 2005-04-07 | オラヘルス コーポレーション | Stomatitis treatment with patches that promote healing and relieve pain |
JP2005525376A (en) * | 2002-03-07 | 2005-08-25 | キャリングタン、ラバラトーリズ、インク | Dispersed solid containing complex carbohydrates |
JP2009512713A (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2009-03-26 | エイディーエイ ファウンデーション | Dental and endodontic filling materials and methods |
JP2013151527A (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2013-08-08 | Ada Foundation | Dental and endodontic filling material and method |
US9101436B2 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2015-08-11 | Ada Foundation | Dental and endodontic filling materials and methods |
US9259439B2 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2016-02-16 | Ada Foundation | Dual-phase cement precursor systems for bone repair |
JP2014097255A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2014-05-29 | Alcare Co Ltd | Hydrogel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69430746T2 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
CN1127474A (en) | 1996-07-24 |
KR960703019A (en) | 1996-06-19 |
JP2992835B2 (en) | 1999-12-20 |
WO1995000184A1 (en) | 1995-01-05 |
EP0705113A1 (en) | 1996-04-10 |
US5409703A (en) | 1995-04-25 |
ATE218376T1 (en) | 2002-06-15 |
AU7115394A (en) | 1995-01-17 |
DE69430746D1 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
CA2164624A1 (en) | 1995-01-05 |
KR100343293B1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
EP0705113B1 (en) | 2002-06-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP2992835B2 (en) | Dried hydrogels from hydrophilic-hygroscopic polymers | |
Veerasubramanian et al. | An investigation of konjac glucomannan-keratin hydrogel scaffold loaded with Avena sativa extracts for diabetic wound healing | |
KR101680148B1 (en) | Glucan compositions | |
Yasuda et al. | Accelerated wound healing on the skin using a film dressing with β-glucan paramylon | |
US6806260B1 (en) | Functional chitosan derivative | |
Harti et al. | The effectiveness of snail slime and chitosan in wound healing | |
Kumar et al. | Recent advances in the use of algal polysaccharides for skin wound healing | |
Sezer et al. | Fucoidan: A versatile biopolymer for biomedical applications | |
US5468737A (en) | Wound healing accelerated by systemic administration of polysaccharide from aloe | |
US8303980B2 (en) | Wound-dressing material and method for manufacturing the same | |
Saini et al. | Immunomodulatory properties of chitosan: Impact on wound healing and tissue repair | |
RU2706726C1 (en) | Wound coating | |
CN110124082A (en) | Swelling type medical bio gel filler based on Polysaccharide from Portulaca oleracea and chromocor extract | |
Joshi et al. | Marine polysaccharides: biomedical and tissue engineering applications | |
Su et al. | Hydrogels for the treatment of radiation-induced skin and mucosa damages: An up-to-date overview | |
CN115785485A (en) | Preparation method and application of bletilla striata polysaccharide-gelatin hydrogel | |
CN108578749A (en) | A kind of medical compound pomelo-pectin sponge dressing and its preparation method and application of medicine-carried sustained release | |
WO2019016705A1 (en) | Film for topical use for treating skin lesions and method for producing and applying same | |
CN112023110A (en) | Active antibacterial dressing based on bamboo fungus egg extract | |
CN117357692B (en) | In-situ curing forming hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof | |
RANA | DEVELOPMENT OF CERAMIDE AND HONEY BASED BIODEGRADABLE DRESSING MATERIALS FOR THE APPLICATION TO BURN SKIN | |
Feba | IN VITRO EVALUATION OFALGINATE FILMS MODIFIED WITH CHITOSAN AND HEMIGRAPHIS COLORATA FOR WOUND HEALING APPLICATIONS | |
WO2021118501A1 (en) | Haemostatic gel formulation production from fomes fomentarius extract | |
Wang et al. | Alginate/Gelatin Sponges Composited with ZnO Sponge Effective Extensibility and Compressibility as a Wound Dressing for the Care of Fracture Surgery | |
CN117695436A (en) | Gallic acid modified bletilla striata polysaccharide hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20071022 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20081022 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20091022 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |