JPH084988B2 - Spindle head for multi-face machining - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a spindle head for multi-face machining of a machining center.

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional spindle head capable of multi-face machining is the first one, for example, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), a spindle ram (for example, Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 59-15768) which is C-axis swivel indexed. It is known that, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), a tilted spindle attachment is attached to the swinging head which can be indexed in a plane at right angles and which has a vertical spindle and a horizontal spindle. . Second
As shown in Fig. 3 (a), the attachment of the horizontal spindle as shown in Fig. 3 (b) or the attachment of the inclined spindle as shown in Fig. 3 (c) is made at the tip of the vertical spindle which is indexed by the rotation of the C axis. It is known to replace the at any time. Furthermore the third
As shown in FIG. 4, there is one in which both the C-axis swivel indexing and the continuous indexing of both the spindle and the B-axis swivel index in the plane including the vertical spindle axis are continuously indexed by NC.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention In the above-mentioned first one, it is necessary to mount an attachment of a special inclined spindle for machining inclined surfaces other than five-face machining including the upper surface and side surfaces. The second requires replacement of the tilted spindle attachment in addition to replacement of the transverse spindle attachment. These require a long time for replacement, and since the inclination angle is constant, various attachments are required to change the angle, which is expensive. In addition, it requires a storage place when removed, which is troublesome in various points. Further, the third type is advantageous for three-dimensional processing, but it is more expensive and has a lower cutting ability.

The present invention has been made in view of these problems of the above-mentioned conventional technique, and its object is to provide a stepwise angle to the vertical spindle in addition to the conventional C-axis turning index of the vertical spindle. An object of the present invention is to provide a spindle head for multifaceted machining which has a spindle structure in which the B-axis can be swung and indexed and positioned, and a tool loosening device for a vertical spindle can be used as it is.

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a spindle head for multi-face machining of the present invention rotatably supports a vertical spindle member that is provided at the tip of a spindle ram and has a tool loosening rod inserted through the center thereof in a machining center. A main spindle case, a main spindle case provided on the main spindle head so as to be pivotable on a pivot axis orthogonal to the vertical spindle member and movable in the axial direction, and the main spindle case is indexed about the pivot axis. A coupling member that is positioned at a time, drive means that is provided on the spindle head and moves the spindle case in the direction of the pivot axis to engage and disengage the coupling member, and the spindle case is orthogonal to the pivot axis. A main shaft having a tool pulling means rotatably supported at a position that can be concentric with the vertical main shaft when the coupling member is engaged, and rotation of the vertical main shaft member to the main shaft. A gear group that does not separate the transmission path even when the spindle case is indexed and an intermediate gear of the gear group that is provided concentric with the turning shaft in the spindle case and disengages from the coupling member And a switching gear that meshes with the connecting gear provided on the.

To tilt the main shaft from the vertical position, pressure oil is sent from the oil passage B of the cylinder of the moving device to move the main shaft case to the left in the figure to disengage the coupling and mesh the indexing gear. Rotate the rotating shaft in the spindle ram by NC for a predetermined angle to turn and index the spindle case. The pressure oil is switched to the oil passage A of the hydraulic cylinder and the main shaft case is moved to the right to engage and position the coupling. If necessary, the spindle head 1 is turned and indexed.

Example An example will be described below with reference to FIG. The C-axis is indexed and positioned by a coupling (not shown) on the tip of the spindle ram of the machining center, and the frame 2 of the known spindle head 1 is fixed by a clamp cylinder. A bevel gear 3 attached to the tip of the shaft 30 and a tool loosening rod 4 axially moved around the center of the vertical main shaft by a hydraulic cylinder device (not shown) project. Further, the main frame case 5 is rotatably supported on the frame body 2 by bearings 6a and 6b by concentric boss portions 5a and 5b on the left and right of the spindle case 5 around an axis line orthogonal to the rotary shaft 30.

In the main shaft case 5, a main shaft 7 is rotatably supported by bearings 8a and 8b at a position concentric with the center of the rod 4 for tool loosening. The main shaft 7 has a taper hole into which the taper shank of the tool T is fitted from the tip, an inner circumferential groove into which the tip crest of the collet 9 that grips the pull stud Ta of the tool falls, a collet 9 insertion hole, and a drawbar 10 protruding from the rear end. A large-diameter hole containing a disc spring 11 for pulling up and a through hole continuing from the hole are bored, and a bevel gear 12 is keyed on the outside. A bevel gear 14 meshing with a bevel gear 12 is rotatably supported by a bearing 13 in a center hole of a boss 5a of the main shaft case 5, and a spur gear 15 is fixed to a shaft portion 14a. Further, a bevel gear 17 meshing with the bevel gear 3 is supported by a bearing 16 of the frame body 2, and a spur gear 18 is fixed to a shaft portion 17a of the bevel gear 17. This spur gear 18 meshes with the spur gear 18 and a spur gear 21 supported by a bearing 20 on the intermediate shaft 19.
Meshes with spur gear 15. A spur gear 22 is concentrically fixed to the inner surface of the spur gear 21, and can mesh with a spur gear 23 fixed concentrically with the boss at the end of the boss 5a of the spindle case 5. The spur gears 22 and 23 are chamfered so that they are smoothly meshed with each other, and a gap is formed so that they are immediately meshed with each other when a coupling, which will be described later, is disengaged. For this reason, the number of teeth of the couplings 26 and 27 and the number of teeth of the spur gears 22 and 23 are the same. Further, the boss 5b of the spindle case 5 projects into the clamp cylinder 24 provided in the frame body 2 and is integrally connected to the piston 25 fitted in the cylinder 24. Further, the spindle case 5 has a coupling 26 for angular positioning fixed concentrically with the boss 5b.
It is adapted to mesh with a coupling 27 provided on the inside of the. A spring 28 is provided in the main shaft 7 side chamber of the cylinder 24 to urge the couplings 27 and 28 so as to always mesh with each other. The clamp cylinder and the coupling of the spindle case 5 may be provided on the spindle drive side.

In such a structure, the rotation of the main shaft 7 is transmitted from the bevel gears 3, 17 via the spur gears 18, 21, 15 from the bevel gears 14, 12. In order to change the angle so that the spindle 7 faces the work surface of the workpiece, the rotation of the spindle 7 is stopped, the pressure oil is sent from the oil passage B of the cylinder 24, and the piston 25 is moved to the left in the figure. The boss 5b integrated with the piston 25 and the spindle case 5 are moved leftward, and the coupling 26 is removed from 27. This movement causes the spur gear 23 to mesh with the spur gear 22. When the rotary shaft 30 and the bevel gear 3 are turned by a predetermined angle by an NC device (not shown), the turning is transmitted to the spindle case 5 via the bevel gear 17, spur gears 18, 21, 22, and 23. The main shaft case 5 is swiveled so that the main shaft 7 has an angle at which it can face the target machining surface. Cylinder 24 pressure oil is used as oil passage A
, The piston 25 is moved to the right, the coupling 26 is engaged with and positioned by the right movement of the integral main shaft case 5, and the spur gear 23 is disengaged from the spur gear 22. Further, the spindle head 1 is indexed to the C axis by a known method so that the spindle 7 faces the machined surface. Then, the rotary shaft 30 is rotated again to rotate the spur gear.
15, the main shaft 7 is rotated by the bevel gears 14 and 12 for processing.

In order to replace the tool T of the spindle 7, the spindle case 5 is also pivotally positioned so that the spindle 7 is concentric with the tool loosening rod 4. The angle and positional relationship between the spindle head 1 and the spindle are always kept accurate by an unillustrated spindle orientation means and detector. Next, the rod 4 for loosening the tool is projected by a hydraulic cylinder device (not shown) and the draw bar 10 is pressed against the force of the disc spring 11. The draw bar 10 pushes the collet 9 and causes the tip of the collet to fall into the inner circumferential groove to open the collet 9 with a spring force to release the grip of the pull stud Ta.
The tool T of the spindle 7 is pulled out and replaced by a normal tool exchange arm for a vertical spindle (not shown).

Effects Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects are achieved.

Since the path for transmitting the rotation from the vertical spindle to the main shaft case is not cut off even when the main shaft case is indexed, meshing of the connecting gears during indexing of the main shaft case is also possible by stopping the vertical main shaft at a predetermined angular position. . In addition, the vertical spindle angle detector can always accurately recognize and index the spindle phase, ensuring automatic tool change.

In addition, since the spindle of the spindle case is installed in a position that is concentric with the vertical spindle when positioning the spindle case angularly, the tool change of the spindle is performed in the vertical position concentric with the spindle ram, and the direction of the horizontal spindle and inclined spindle is the same as in the past. There is no need for an ATC operation to point at, a normal vertical spindle type automatic tool changer can be adopted, and it is not necessary to use a specially-structured changer.

In addition, the C-axis and B-axis can be swiveled and indexed by commands from the NC unit, and multi-face machining of 5 or more faces is possible with a single spindle head, so work efficiency is improved without the need to replace attachments. In addition, it is possible to deal with a wide processing range that can sufficiently achieve the work purpose. In addition, the stepped indexing by the coupling makes the spindle head highly rigid and less expensive than the conventional NC stepless one.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention, FIG. 2 (a) is a view of a conventional 5-face machining spindle, (b) is a view with an inclined attachment attached, and FIG. 3 (a) is a view of a normal vertical spindle. , (B) is a diagram in which a horizontal spindle is attached to the vertical spindle, (C) is a diagram in which an inclined attachment is attached to the vertical spindle, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional multi-face machining spindle by NC control. 1 …… Spindle head, 2 …… Frame 5 …… Spindle case, 7 …… Spindle 3,12,14,17 …… Bevel gear 15,18,21,22,23 …… Spur gear 24 …… Clamp cylinder 25 …… Piston 26,27 …… Coupling

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a machining center, a spindle head rotatably bearing a vertical spindle member, which is provided at the tip of a spindle ram and has a tool loosening rod inserted through the center of the spindle ram, and a rotary shaft which is orthogonal to the vertical spindle member. And a spindle case that is provided so as to be movable in the axial direction, a coupling member that positions the spindle case when the spindle case is indexed around the pivot axis, and the spindle case that is provided on the spindle head and that pivots the spindle case. Drive means for moving the coupling member in the axial direction to engage and disengage the coupling member, and rotation to a position that is orthogonal to the rotation axis of the main shaft case and can be concentric with the vertical main shaft in the engaged state of the coupling member. A main shaft that is rotatably supported and has a tool pulling means, and a gear group that does not separate a path for transmitting the rotation of the upright main shaft member to the main shaft even when the main shaft case is indexed. A switching gear that is provided concentrically with the turning shaft in the main shaft case and that meshes with a coupling gear that is integrally provided with an intermediate gear of the gear group when the coupling member is disengaged. Spindle head for multi-face machining.