JPH0847361A - A method of attracting and capturing pest flies (sciaridae) and attracting insect collector therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an attracting insect collector which can simply and effi ciently capture a kind of mushroom fly, Sciaridae, which occurs in the facility for growing mushrooms such as Siitak (Lentinula edodes), Nameko (Pholiota) or Enokitake (Flammulina velutipes) mushroom to reduce the yield and deterio rate the quality without any adverse effect on these mushrooms and the environments. CONSTITUTION:This insect collector comprises a blue-emitting fluorescent lamp (2), and transparent sheets (3) which are arranged so that the fluorescent lamp (2) is covered at least one surface. Each transparent sheet (3) has an adhesive layer (31) at least partially on its surfaces.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for attracting and trapping black flies (Sciaridae) and an attracting insect trap used in this method, the purpose of which is to occur in a fungal bed of mushrooms and to spread hyphae and mushrooms Black fly (Sciarida), which inhibits the growth of plants and mediates the transmission of pests and significantly reduces yield and quality.
e), an attractive capture method and an attractive capture method that can easily and effectively capture female black fly (Sciaridae), which has a large influence on the population of the next generation, without adversely affecting the surrounding environment. To provide an insect trap.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Black Flies (Sciarid)
ae) is a body length 3-4 mm, a kind of small flies such as midges having an elongated tactile straight, Brad
ysia paupera , Lycoriella m
There are types such as ali . Such black-winged mushroom flies (Sciaridae) are important pests in mushroom cultivation such as mushroom bed cultivation such as shiitake mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, enoki mushrooms and compost cultivation such as mushrooms. recent years,
Mushroom bed cultivation of mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, nameko, maitake mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms and tsukutake mushrooms is rapidly spreading. (Sci
aridae) tends to be promoted. In a cultivation facility in which black-bushed flies (Sciaridae) enter, larvae eat compost and discharge a large amount of feces, which inhibits the spread of mycelium and damages the fungal stems (stems) of mushrooms. The head-shaped and button-shaped mushrooms of growing pins are damaged by feeding and deformed. Furthermore, since adult larvae transmit harmful pathogens and mites, such pests may be propagated in the cultivation facility. In addition, black flies (Sc
It is also reported that the larvae of P. iaridae) feed on stored crops such as ginger and taro, in addition to mushrooms.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, in Japan, no agricultural chemicals effective against black flies (Sciaridae) have been registered, and there is no fundamental control means. On the other hand, in Europe, which has a long history of fungal bed cultivation, a chemical control means using a chemical has been conventionally adopted as a means for controlling the reduction of the yield due to the large-scale generation of harmful insects and the transmission of harmful bacteria. Specifically, in the cultivation of Tsukuritake mushrooms, a method of spraying dimylin wettable powder on the fungal bed before the occurrence of fruiting bodies to control larvae is widely performed as a part of the cultivation method. In addition, during the development period of adults, control using smoke agents such as pyrethrin and dichlorphos is performed several times during the period of mushroom development.

However, although the above-mentioned chemical spraying control means has an advantage that the control can be carried out quickly, the sprayed chemicals are accumulated and concentrated on the cultivated mushrooms, which is dangerous to the human body. There was a problem that there was. Moreover, there is a problem that it is ethically unfavorable to spray a drug harmful to the human body to mushrooms, which are highly regarded as natural foods and health foods. In addition, spraying chemicals in a closed space in a cultivation facility may hinder the health of growers, and
Since the alternation of generations of the black fly, Sciaridae, is repeated in a short period of time, there has been a problem that a pest population having drug resistance appears by repeated drug spraying. On the other hand, the smoke control method during the adult development period is only a reactive control, and it has been reported that a resistant group is generated.In addition, the air conditioner in the cultivation facility must be stopped when smoking. There was also the problem that it was easy to affect the mushroom cultivation environment.

Furthermore, in recent years, in connection with the fact that environmental conservation problems have spread rapidly on a global scale, it has become an urgent task in the industry to establish a control method that does not use agents that easily affect the human body and the environment. There is. Therefore, for the purpose of controlling flying pests, a physical control method using an adhesive sheet or an electric shock killer has been created. The control method using a pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet is to install a sheet coated with a strong pressure-sensitive adhesive on a colored plate colored yellow or blue, and to attract pests by the change of the light reflectance of the plate material It was a control method of catching with. On the other hand, the control method using an electric shock insecticide is an insecticide in which a light body is used as an attracting source, and a grid designed so that an electric current flows by contact with a harmful insect is installed at a certain distance from the light body. It is used, and the pests attracted by the light body get an electric shock due to contact with the lattice,
This was a control method in which the pests that received an electric shock were collected in a container installed below the grid. Furthermore, as chemical control methods that do not use chemicals, control methods that use pheromones have been created one after another.

[0006]

However, in the control method using the coloring plate and the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet, a large amount of black leaf flies (Sciar) which are generated in the mushroom cultivation facility is used.
However, there was a problem that it was not possible to sufficiently capture and control the disease. On the other hand, the control method using an electric shock killer is a control method that targets relatively large pests such as moths and spiders.
There was a problem that small insect pests such as cialidae) could not be sufficiently captured. Furthermore, when a large number of pests to be controlled are generated, there is also a problem that the performance of the pests remains deteriorated over time because the carcasses of the pests remain attached to the mesh of the metal through which the current flows. . Moreover, this insecticidal device has a problem that the cleaning is complicated, and conversely, if the cleaning is not performed frequently, the performance is not sufficiently exhibited and the device is easily broken. Furthermore, there was a problem that this electric shock killer does not have a so-called monitoring function for measuring the number of captured pests. In addition, in the control method using pheromones, the target of attracting and controlling is often male pests, and there is a concern that it is difficult to control the insects fundamentally. At the same time, it effectively attracts and captures the black fly, Sciaridae. There was a problem that there were not enough pheromones that could be used.

[0007] Therefore, the industry does not use chemicals that easily affect the human body or the surrounding environment, and has good environmental conservation.
Moreover, the black-flies (Sciaridae) that occur in mushroom cultivation facilities, especially female black-flies (Sciaa) that affect the increase and decrease in the population of the next generation.
It has been desired to create an excellent method and a catcher capable of controlling ridae) easily and effectively.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, a blue fluorescent lamp is installed at a predetermined location and a black leaf fly (Sci).
aridae), and a transparent sheet having an adhesive applied to at least a part of the surface is disposed on the attraction path to capture the attracted black fly mushrooms (Sciaridae). And a method of attracting and capturing blue squirrels (Sciaridae), and a blue fluorescent lamp and a transparent sheet arranged to cover at least one surface of the blue fluorescent lamp.
The transparent sheet has an adhesive layer provided on at least a part of the surface thereof to provide a Sciaridae attractant trap, which solves the above-mentioned conventional problems.

[0009]

[Action] It is possible to control pests by simply and efficiently catching black flies (Sciaridae), which is a group of pests in mushrooms or vegetable cultivation, without adversely affecting the cultivated crops and the surrounding environment. Since the black flies (Sciaridae) are captured by the adhesive, there is a so-called monitoring function that can confirm the number of captured pests, and the occurrence status of pests can be investigated. In addition, the captured pests will not be scattered around the trap, and the quality of the mushrooms will not be affected.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the method of attracting and capturing the black fly, Sciaridae, and the configuration of the attractant trap used in this method will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

First, the method for attracting and capturing the black fly, Sciaridae, of the present invention will be described in detail. In the attracting and trapping method of the present invention, a blue fluorescent lamp (2) is used as an attracting source for attracting black flies (Sciaridae), and this is installed at a predetermined location. Here, in particular, the use of the blue fluorescent lamp as the attracting source is due to the wavelength peak (about 37%) of the ultraviolet light emitted by the blue fluorescent lamp (2).
At around 0 nm, black wing fly (Sciar)
This is because it is most sensitively attracted. further,
Generally, it is said that insects are likely to gather, and the wavelength peak of ultraviolet rays is 300 to 400 nm.
With a fluorescent lamp having a wavelength peak near m (it does not emit visible light and efficiently emits only ultraviolet rays), the sterilizing ability of the emitted ultraviolet rays is high, and there is a possibility that it may lead to growth failure of cultivated mushrooms, which is not preferable. Moreover, in addition to the drawback that ordinary white light has a low attraction effect, there is no significant difference in the ratio of male and female of the black flies (Sciaridae) that are attracted, which is not preferable in any case. That is, particularly by using a blue fluorescent lamp as an attracting source, it has no effect on cultivated mushrooms and can effectively attract black fly mushrooms (Sciaridae), and female females rather than male females. This is because a large amount of people can be attracted. That is, by using such an attracting source, females of the black flies (Sciaridae) can be attracted at a ratio of at least 50% or more, more specifically 70% or more of the total number of attracted catches. In this way, attract a large amount of females of the black fly, Sciaridae,
By capturing, it becomes possible to effectively reduce the number of individuals in the next generation, and it is possible to effectively control pests that occur in mushroom cultivation.

A blue fluorescent lamp (2) is installed to attract black flies (Sciaridae) by utilizing their luminous properties, and a transparent sheet (3) coated with an adhesive is placed on the attraction route. Set up. Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, a method in which a blue fluorescent lamp (2) is installed at a corner (a) of a cultivation facility and a transparent sheet (3) is erected in front of this is exemplified.

As the transparent sheet (3), a transparent plastic sheet having good light resistance, weather resistance, water resistance, heat resistance and transparency, such as vinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyester, polypropylene, etc., is preferably used, but is not particularly limited. It is not done. An adhesive (31) is applied to at least a part of the surface of the transparent sheet (3). The pressure-sensitive adhesive (31) used here is not particularly limited,
Any conventionally known pressure-sensitive adhesive for trapping harmful insects such as polybutene-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, and hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive can be used. Also, a transparent sheet (3)
The thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (31) to be applied is also not particularly limited, and may be appropriately set depending on the installation location and the like. In the present invention, the pressure-sensitive adhesive (31) applied to the surface of the transparent sheet (3) may be applied to the entire area of the surface of the transparent sheet (3) or may be applied to a part of the surface of the transparent sheet (3). Although it is not particularly limited, it is preferable that the transparent sheet (3) is coated on the entire surface of the surface of the transparent sheet (3) because the insect pests attracted by the blue fluorescent lamp (2) can be efficiently captured. .

In addition to the method shown in FIG.
As shown in Fig. 3, a transparent sheet (3) is assembled into a cylindrical shape by an appropriate frame material (4), and a blue fluorescent lamp (2) is placed inside the transparent sheet (3).
Install the blue fluorescent lamp (2) and transparent sheet (3)
It is also possible to hang the and to a suitable place inside the cultivation facility to attract and capture the pests. In this case, in the illustrated embodiment, the transparent sheet (3) is covered by the frame member (4) on the upper surface (b).
Is assembled in a cylindrical shape with an opening, and an opening (b)
The adhesive (31) is applied to the entire surface portion except the transparent sheet (31).
By disposing the adhesive and applying the adhesive (31) to the surface thereof, the pests attracted by the blue fluorescent lamp (2) can be efficiently captured.

Next, the construction of the insect attractor (1) for attracting black flies (Sciaridae) according to the present invention will be described in detail. The attracted insect trap (1) of the present invention comprises a blue fluorescent lamp (2) and a transparent sheet (3). As the blue fluorescent lamp (2), a commonly known one known as a fluorescent lamp for trapping insects that emits blue light and ultraviolet rays in the vicinity of 370 nm is used. By using such a blue fluorescent lamp (2), as described above, the black flies (Sciari) without affecting the cultivated mushrooms.
dae), especially 5 female black-flies (Sciaridae), which are involved in the increase and decrease of the population in the next generation.
It can be effectively attracted at a ratio of 0% or more, more specifically 70% or more.

The transparent sheet (3) is arranged so as to cover at least one surface of the blue fluorescent lamp (2). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the blue fluorescent lamp (2) is arranged in a cylindrical shape around the blue fluorescent lamp (2) with a frame member (4) interposed therebetween,
Alternatively, the blue fluorescent lamp (2) is installed in a container (5) molded in any shape such as a fan shape as shown in FIG. 3, a triangular shape as shown in FIG. 4, and a triangular pyramid shape as shown in FIG. However, a configuration in which the opening (51) is formed on one surface or a plurality of surfaces of such a container (5) and the transparent sheet (3) is arranged can be exemplified. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, two blue fluorescent lamps (2) may be installed in a cylindrical container (5), and there is no particular limitation.

The transparent sheet (3) may be disposed only on one surface (5a) of the fan-shaped container (5) as shown in FIG. 3, or each rectangular container (5) shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. ) On four sides (5a), (5b), (5c), and (5d), respectively, and further on the upper and lower surfaces of the cylindrical container (5) shown in FIG. It may be installed, and an appropriate form can be adopted according to the installation place and the like, and is not particularly limited. In the present invention, the transparent sheet (3) is not particularly limited to a transparent plastic sheet having good light resistance, weather resistance, water resistance, heat resistance, and transparency such as vinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyester, polypropylene and the like. Even the thing is used suitably. An adhesive layer (31) is provided on at least a part of the surface of the transparent sheet (3). Adhesive layer (3
Examples of 1) include, but are not limited to, polybutene-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives, hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesives and the like, which are generally known pressure-sensitive adhesives for the purpose of capturing pests, and any of them can be preferably used. The transparent sheet (3) can be coated on the entire surface or on a specific portion. Adhesive layer (31)
It is arbitrary which part of the surface of the transparent sheet (3) is provided, and it may be appropriately set according to the installation location and the like.

The above-mentioned black fly (Sc)
The iaridae) attracted insect trap (1) is used as it is as it is, installed in any place inside the mushroom cultivation facility, or in a suspended state inside the facility via a string, a wire or the like. In this attracted insect trap (1), a blue fluorescent lamp (2) is used to collect black fly (Sciarid).
ae) is attracted, and the attracted black flies (Sciaridae) are captured by the adhesive layer (31) of the transparent sheet (3). Therefore, if the transparent sheet (3) provided with the adhesive layer (31) is arranged so as to cover the entire surface of the blue fluorescent lamp (2), it will fly toward the blue fluorescent lamp (2). Pests can be efficiently captured without waste. Moreover, since this blue fluorescent lamp (2) can very effectively attract the adult female of the black fly, Sciaridae, the female adult is attracted and captured by the adhesive layer (31). As a result, it is possible to simultaneously capture male adults by the pheromone emitted by female adults.
It is possible to effectively reduce the number of next generation individuals in the entire image.

[0019]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the method of attracting and capturing the black fly, Sciaridae, according to the present invention and the effect of the attracted insect trap used in this method will be further clarified by examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

(Example 1) A transparent sheet having an adhesive (polybutene-based adhesive) applied to the entire surface (Nitto Denko Corporation)
(3) was assembled into a columnar shape using a frame material. Inside this is a blue fluorescent lamp [Product name: Blacklight FL4B
L, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. (Illuminance at a distance of 50 cm 1.
1 lux)] was set as the insect trap of Example 1. (Comparative Example 1) Instead of the blue fluorescent lamp, a white fluorescent lamp [trade name: white fluorescent lamp FL4W, manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (50 cm
An insect trap of Comparative Example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the illuminance at a remote place was 13.9 lux). (Comparative Example 2) A cylindrical insect trap of Comparative Example 2 similar to that of Example 1 was prepared by using only the transparent sheet (3) similar to that of Example 1 without using a fluorescent lamp.

(Test Example 1) In compost cultivation of Tsukuritake mushrooms, three attracting insect traps of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were provided at equal intervals along the central working space per one building (about 80 m ² ). At a height of 1.2 to 1.4 m (on the middle floor of the compost floor), it is hung up and placed during the Tsukuritake cultivation period (18
Day), the fluorescent lamp installed inside (only in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1) is lit day and night, and the black fly (Sc)
Iaridae) was tested for capture number. Black Flies (Sciaridae) captured during the installation period
Table 1 shows the number of captured (total number of adult male and female) of each. In addition, Table 2 shows the capture ratio of adult females due to the difference in the three types of attracted insect traps installed. Further, Table 3 shows the results of testing the difference in the average value of the female adult capture ratio between the attracting traps by the gross significance method.

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

[Table 3]

(Test Example 2) At the Tsukuritake cultivating house in Maritime District, Chiba Prefecture, for 8 days from November 29 to December 6, 1993, an attracting insect trap similar to that of Example 1 (however, a blue fluorescent lamp was used). Blacklight FL4 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.
BL (trade name) (4 W) was used to hang it at a height of 1.4 m, and the black fly mushroom fly (Sci
aridae) ( Bradysia paupera )
Of females were tested. Table 4 shows the results.

[Table 4]

As is clear from the results shown in Tables 1 and 2,
In the attracted insect trap of Example 1, the black leaf fly (S
It can be seen that the total number of ciliadae) captured is significantly higher than that of the attracted insect traps of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. In particular, comparing the number of females captured, while the number of females captured during the test period (18 days) was 2,337 in Example 1,
In Comparative Example 1, only 35.8% of the females and in Comparative Example 2 only 2.7% of the females of Example 1 were captured.
It can be seen that the number of adult females captured in is extremely high. Table 3
As is clear from the result, the number (average) of females of the black leaf fly (Sciaridae) by the attracted insect trap of Example 1 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Further, as is clear from the results in Table 4, it is understood that the number of females captured in the total number of captured insects is extremely high in the attracted insect trap of the example.

[0024]

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, a blue fluorescent lamp is installed at a predetermined position and the black fly mushroom (Sci)
aridae), and a transparent sheet having an adhesive applied to at least a part of the surface is disposed on the attraction path to capture the attracted black fly mushrooms (Sciaridae). And a method of attracting and capturing blue squirrels (Sciaridae), and a blue fluorescent lamp and a transparent sheet arranged to cover at least one surface of the blue fluorescent lamp.
Since the transparent sheet has a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer provided on at least a part thereof, it is a Sciaridae attractant trap, and, as is clear from the results of the test example, mushrooms , Which are insect pests that occur in the fungal bed of S. cinerea and inhibit the spread of mycelium and the growth of mushrooms, and mediate the spread of pests, resulting in a marked decrease in yield and quality (Sciar).
idae), especially the black-lipped mushroom fly (Sciari)
Dae) adult females can be easily and effectively captured without affecting the cultivated mushrooms and the surrounding environment, and it is possible to effectively reduce the population of the next generation, which leads to feeding damage in mushroom cultivation. It has an excellent effect that it can be satisfactorily controlled.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a black fly of the present invention (Sciar).
It is explanatory drawing which shows the installation state of the blue fluorescent lamp and the transparent sheet in the method of attracting and capturing an image).

FIG. 2 is a black fly of the present invention (Sciar).
It is an external view which shows an example of the attracted insect trap of (eae).

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a black fly of the present invention (Sciar).
It is an external view which shows the other example of the attracting insect trap of (idae).

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a black fly of the present invention (Sciar).
It is an external view which shows the other example of the attracting insect trap of (idae).

FIG. 5: Black-wing mushroom flies of the present invention (Sciar)
It is an external view which shows the other example of the attracting insect trap of (idae).

FIG. 6 is a black fly of the present invention (Sciar).
It is an external view which shows the other example of the attracting insect trap of (idae).

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Invited insect trap 2 Blue fluorescent lamp 3 Transparent sheet 31 Adhesive layer 4 Frame material b Opening 5 Container 5a One side of container 5b One side of container 5c One side of container 5d One side of container 5 Opening 51

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Keiko Niijima, No. 1 Matsunosato, Kukizaki-cho, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (72) Inventor Isamu Okochi No. 1 Matsunosato, Kukizaki-cho, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki Ministry of Forestry Research Institute (72) Inventor Masamichi Ito Kutarou Nagai, Momoyama-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto Government-owned land Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Forestry Research Institute Kansai Branch (72) Inventor Eiji Ishitani 1887, Hanaya, Sanmu-cho, Sanmu-gun, Chiba Prefecture No. 1 in the Chiba Forestry Research Institute (72) Inventor Takashi Kawasaki 1-2 1-2 Shimohozumi, Ibaraki City, Osaka Prefecture Nitto Denko Corporation

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A blue fluorescent lamp is installed at a predetermined location to attract black fly mushrooms (Sciaridae), and a transparent sheet having an adhesive applied to at least a part of its surface is disposed on the attraction path. And then attracting the attracted black flies (Sciaridae).
ridae) attracting and capturing method. 2. The black fly, Sciarida, according to claim 1, wherein the attracted black fly, Sciaridae, is a female.
The method of attracting and capturing ae). 3. A blue fluorescent lamp and a transparent sheet disposed so as to cover at least one surface of the blue fluorescent lamp, and an adhesive layer is provided on at least a part of the surface of the transparent sheet. A characteristic insect trap attracting black flies (Sciaridae). 4. The attracted insect trap of Sciaridae, according to claim 3, wherein the transparent sheet covers the entire surface of the blue fluorescent lamp.