JPH0841995A - Three-storied building - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable the construction of a three-storied building firm with high planning freedom without the increase of construction cost so as to be ideal for a detached house. CONSTITUTION:After manufacturing concrete bearing walls 11a, 11b and a floor slab 12 in a factory, these are carried into a construction site and combined on a foundation to construct the first floor part of a building such as a house to be concrete building frame 10. Plural building units 20, 20 previously manufactured in the factory are horizontally and vertically fabricated on the concrete building frame 10 to complete the second floor part and third floor part of the house or the like.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-story building having a mixed structure including a building unit, which is suitable for a detached house.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A unit building system is known as a system for increasing the industrial production rate of buildings. The unit building is a building in which a single building is divided into several building units and roof units in advance for factory production, and these are constructed / assembled at a construction site. In this way, since each unit that composes the unit building is manufactured at the factory, it is possible to achieve uniform quality, cost reduction, and the labor required for construction can be greatly reduced compared to the conventional one. Have This type of unit includes a steel-based unit produced by the frame construction method and a wood-based unit produced by the wall construction method. As described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 54-93807, a steel-frame building unit has a box-shaped steel frame made by rigidly connecting the upper and lower ends of steel pipe columns at four corners with shaped steel beams. A steel frame is provided with structural strength. On the other hand, a wooden building unit has a wooden floor frame and a wall frame for structural purposes, as described in JP-A-55-152236. A floor panel and a wall panel are formed by striking face materials, and these panels are three-dimensionally assembled so that the entire wall and the entire floor have resistance.

By the way, as a typical conventional three-story detached building, from the viewpoint of fire and earthquake prevention measures,
For the first floor part, a so-called mixed structure type is used in which steel frames are assembled locally and the second and third floor parts are constructed by stacking building units on this steel frame structure (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho-6).
No. 1-179965), all of the first to third floors are composed of a combination of steel-frame building units (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-165627).
There is a structure in which all of the floors to the third floor are made of reinforced concrete structure (hereinafter also abbreviated as RC structure).

[0004]

However, the following inconveniences have been pointed out with respect to the above-mentioned typical three-story detached house in the related art. That is, as in the above configuration, when the frame of the first floor is a steel frame, the freedom of plan is restricted. Also, like the above configuration,
If all the parts from the first floor to the third floor are made of steel frame, the cost will be high. Further, if all of the first to third floors are made of RC as in the above-mentioned configuration, it will cost more and the construction period will be longer.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is a three-story building suitable for a detached house, which has a high degree of freedom in planning, can shorten the construction period, and can reduce the cost. Is intended to provide.

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the three-story building according to claim 1 is constructed such that the skeleton of the first floor of the building is constructed of reinforced concrete, and on the obtained concrete skeleton, It is characterized in that a plurality of building units are assembled horizontally and vertically to complete the second and third floors of the building.

Further, in the three-story building according to claim 2, a reinforced concrete concrete bearing wall and a floor slab face material are combined to construct a skeleton of the first floor of the building, and on the obtained concrete skeleton, It is characterized in that a plurality of building units are assembled horizontally and vertically to complete the second and third floors of the building.

Further, the invention according to claim 3 relates to the three-story building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the building unit has a structural panel on the upper surface of a floor frame made of wooden joists. The floor panels are attached to the floor panel, which is made up of wooden vertical frame, lower frame, and upper frame, and structural face materials are attached to both inside and outside of the wall frame. It is characterized by

Further, in the three-story building according to claim 4, anchor bolts are buried in the upper surface of the concrete skeleton, and the second floor portion constitutes a second floor portion. A joint lower frame having an anchor bolt insertion hole is provided on the lower surface of the side edge of the floor panel arranged immediately above, and the joint lower frame is bolted to the upper surface of the concrete skeleton in abutment state. Is characterized by.

Further, the invention according to claim 5 relates to the three-story building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the building units are connected by ceiling steel beams and floor steel beams between the upper and lower ends of the steel columns at the four corners. It is characterized by consisting of a steel frame.

Furthermore, in the three-story building according to claim 6, anchor bolts are embedded in the upper surface of the concrete skeleton, and the second floor portion is formed, and the concrete skeleton is provided in each building unit. An anchor bolt insertion hole is provided in the lower end surface of the steel column and the lower surface of the floor steel beam arranged directly above the bolt, while the steel column and the floor steel beam are in contact with the upper surface of the concrete skeleton. It is characterized by being joined.

[0012]

According to the structure of the present invention, the body of the first floor is
Since it is an RC structure that is strong in both tensile and compressive forces, it can fully support the weight of the second and third floors, and also withstands excessive snow loads, payloads, wind pressures, and seismic forces. It is strong against fire, so it is safe for many years. On the other hand, since building units that are light on site construction are used for the second and third floors, it is possible to reduce the construction period and cost compared to the conventional configuration described above. In addition, the 1st floor has a reinforced concrete structure that makes it easy to design any shape.

R applied to the structure according to claim 1
The C structure includes both a so-called RC frame structure mainly made of concrete columns and concrete beams, and a so-called wall type RC structure mainly made of concrete bearing walls and floor slabs. In the latter structure, that is, in the wall type RC construction method, further, as in the configuration according to claim 2, reinforced concrete is used in advance to fabricate face walls of the bearing wall and floor slab at the factory, and these are constructed at the construction site. It includes both the so-called wall-type precast concrete construction method that is made by combining the above, and the construction method that forms the floor slab and concrete bearing wall by performing formwork, rebar construction, concrete construction, etc. at the construction site. According to the wall type precast RC structure according to claim 2, quality control and cost reduction can be achieved by factory production, and the construction period can be significantly shortened. On the other hand, according to the method of performing reinforced concrete construction at the construction site, the structure can be integrated with the foundation, so compared to the conventional (steel frame) frame, cost reduction can be achieved, and the degree of freedom in planning is significantly high. Become.

Further, if the wooden building units are used in the second floor portion and the third floor portion where the load is relatively light as in the third aspect of the invention, the cost can be further reduced. When a wooden building unit is used, a joint lower frame (horizontal member) is provided on the lower surface (of the side edge of the floor panel) of the building unit, and the joint lower frame and concrete are used, as in the configuration of claim 4. If the upper surface of the frame and the upper surface of the frame are bolted together, the load from the upper floor will be distributed and transmitted to the concrete bearing wall of the first floor, which will result in favorable structural strength. It can prevent cracks. According to the structure of claim 4, since the anchor bolt is embedded in the upper surface of the concrete bearing wall and the anchor bolt insertion hole is provided in the connecting lower frame, the concrete frame of the first floor and the second floor are connected. The joining work with the constituent building units becomes easy.

Further, as in the structure described in claim 5, if the steel frame type building units are used for the second floor portion and the third floor portion, it is possible to further improve the fire resistance performance and the earthquake resistance performance. When using a steel frame building unit,
If the lower end surfaces of the steel columns and the floor steel beams of the building units constituting the second floor and the upper surface of the concrete frame are abutted against each other by bolts as in the configuration according to claim 6, the upper floor can be constructed. Since the load from is dispersed and transmitted to the concrete bearing wall on the first floor, a favorable result is obtained in terms of structural bearing strength, and cracking of the concrete bearing wall can be prevented. According to the sixth aspect of the invention, since the anchor bolts on the upper surface of the concrete bearing wall are simply inserted through the bolt insertion holes on the lower surface of the building unit, the positioning is accurately performed, so that the joining work is easy.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First Example First, the overall configuration of this example will be described. FIG. 1 is a front view showing the external configuration of a three-story building that is a first embodiment of the present invention. The three-story building of this example is an RC that defines a garage, a warehouse, etc. on the first floor. A building frame (hereinafter referred to as a concrete frame) 10 is applied, and a building unit 20, 20, ... constituting each room part such as a dining room, a living room, a bedroom, and a child room is applied to the second floor and the third floor. It is a detached house with a mixed structure.

Next, the components of each floor will be described. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing one section of a concrete skeleton 10 that constitutes the first floor of the same three-story building, and FIG.
[Fig. 3] is a partial cross-sectional view showing a main part of the concrete skeleton 10. As shown in these drawings, the concrete skeleton 10 is produced in advance at a factory after precast concrete such as reinforced concrete load-bearing walls (hereinafter referred to as concrete load-bearing walls) 11a and 11b and floor slabs 12 are manufactured. It is carried and assembled on a previously prepared solid foundation by using joint hardware not shown (such a construction is referred to as a wall precast RC construction).

The concrete bearing walls 11a and 11b
Is a rectangle in which a large number of vertical rebars and horizontal rebars are embedded inside a cellular concrete plate, such as ALC plate, which has excellent heat insulation, light weight, and fire resistance, intersecting each other in two directions, horizontal and vertical. It is designed to support compressive external force and tensile external force evenly over the entire face plate. In the vicinity of the lower end of each concrete load bearing wall 11a (11b), as shown in FIG.
3 is provided, and an opening K is also provided if necessary. On the other hand, on the upper end surface, a plurality of anchor bolts 51, 51, ... Are embedded at appropriate intervals and project upward.

Next, the floor slab 12 is embedded in an aerated concrete slab such as an ALC slab so that a large number of main reinforcements (tensile reinforcements) and force distribution reinforcements intersect each other in the vertical and horizontal directions. The floor structure can evenly support compressive external force and tensile external force. The floor slab 12 is finally provided with a joist, a floor joist, a floor base material, and a floor finishing material on the upper surface of the floor slab 12 at the construction site.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the construction of the building unit 20 applied to the second floor portion and the third floor room portion of the three-story building of this example. The building unit 20 is a wood-based unit that is produced by applying a wall-type construction method as a three-dimensional unit having a size that can be transported in a factory in advance in order to increase the industrial production rate of the building. As shown in the figure,
Wall panels 40a, 4 along the three side edges of the floor panel 30
0b, ... are erected.

The floor panel 30 includes floor joists 31, 31,
... and floor joists 34 such as particle board and structural plywood are attached to the upper surface of a wooden floor frame composed of side joists 32, 32 and end joists 33, 33, and side edge portions of the floor framework. These side joists 32 are provided on the lower surface of the side joists 32 and end joists 33 that are to be arranged immediately above the wall portion of the lower floor.
Head joints (horizontal members) 35, 35, ... Are attached in parallel with and in contact with the end joists 33.

Each of the wall panels 40a (40b) is a wooden wall frame composed of vertical frames 41, 41, ..., An upper frame 42 and a lower frame 43, and has a wall surface such as a gypsum board or a wood chip cement plate on both inner and outer surfaces. The materials 44, 44 are attached, a heat insulating material is loaded inside, and openings K such as entrances and exits and windows are formed as necessary. In FIG. 4, the wall panels 40a, 4
0b, ... Stands on three side edges of the floor panel 30 to form a U-shaped wall, but a building unit 20 is shown. Depending on which part of the building the building unit constitutes, for example, L A building unit forming a double wall and a building unit forming a double wall are also formed.

As shown in FIG. 5, each wall panel 40a (40b) is erected on the floor panel 30 by nailing it in the lower frame 43. A plurality of joining bolts 52 are arranged on the upper frame 42 with a predetermined distance from each other,
Moreover, it is planted with the male screw portion protruding upward. On the other hand, in the floor panel 30, each head joint 3
A plurality of bolt insertion holes 60, 61 are formed on the lower surface of the plate 5 along the longitudinal direction at predetermined intervals. Here, in each bolt insertion hole 60 formed in the lowermost part of the building unit 20 for the second floor (head connection 35 of the floor panel 30), the concrete bearing walls 11a and 11b of the first floor are provided.
Corresponding anchor bolts 51 embedded in the upper surface are inserted, and two bolt insertion holes 61 are formed in the lowermost part of the building unit 20 for the third floor (head connection 35 of the floor panel 30). The upper and lower floors are bolt-joined with the corresponding joining bolts 52 planted in the uppermost portion of the floor building unit 20 (the upper frame 42 of the wall panels 40a, 40b, ...) Inserted.

Next, with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, the construction and assembling procedure of the three-story building having the above-mentioned structure will be described. FIG.
It is a disassembled perspective view which decomposes | disassembles and shows the part of the three-story building of this example into each floor, and FIG. 7 is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the joining part of the same three-story unit building. To construct the three-story building of this example, precast concrete (concrete bearing walls 11a and 11b, floor slab 12) was previously prepared in the factory.
After producing the building units 20, 20, ..., They are transported by truck to the construction site. At the construction site, on the foundation prepared beforehand, first, the concrete bearing wall 11a,
11b is erected and fixed with anchor bolts or the like embedded in the foundation, then the floor slab 12 is hung on the retaining rack 13 of the concrete walls 11a and 11b, and further fixed with joint hardware to fix the concrete skeleton 10. To construct. Next, the building units 20, 20, ... for the second floor are sequentially lifted by a crane, and the anchor bolts 51, 5 on the upper surfaces of the concrete load-bearing walls 11a, 11b are mounted on top of the concrete frame 10.
1, ... are placed in a state where they are inserted into the bolt insertion holes 60, 60, ... Of the head joint 35, and then the concrete skeleton 10 and each building unit 20 for the second floor are joined. Further, the building units 20 and 20 adjacent to each other are also tightly connected to each other via the joint plate. Next, the building units 20, 20, ... For the third floor are sequentially lifted up, and the wall panels 40a, 4 for the lower floor are provided above the building units 20, 20 ,.
0b, ... After the mounting bolts 52, 52 on the upper surface are inserted into the bolt insertion holes 60, 60, ... of the head joint 35 on the upper floor, the building units 20, 20 on the upper and lower floors are bonded to each other. To do. Furthermore, building units 2 adjacent to each other
0 and 20 are also tightly connected via a joint plate.
Finally, the roof panel 70 (FIG. 1) is covered to complete the three-story building of this example.

As described above, according to the structure of this example, since the skeleton of the first floor portion is made of reinforced concrete that is strong in both tensile and compressive forces, the weights of the second and third floor portions are sufficient. Can also be supported by an excessive snow load,
It withstands loads, wind pressures, and seismic forces, and is resistant to fire, so it is safe for many years. In addition, RC structure is cheaper than steel frame structure, and because wall type precast RC structure is adopted, quality control and cost due to factory production are combined with wooden building units that compose the second and third floor parts. It can be downsized and the construction period on site can be greatly shortened. In addition, the first floor portion is an RC structure that can be easily designed in any shape, so there is an advantage that the degree of freedom in planning can be increased.

Further, the load from the upper floor is dispersed and transmitted to the concrete bearing wall of the first floor through the head joint which forms the lower surface (at the side edge of the floor panel) of each building unit constituting the second floor. As a result, it is possible to obtain a favorable result in terms of structural yield strength and prevent cracking of the concrete bearing wall. In addition, since the anchor bolt is embedded in the upper surface of the concrete bearing wall and the bolt insertion hole is provided in the head joint, it is easy to join the concrete skeleton on the first floor and the building unit forming the second floor.

Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment will be described. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a steel frame type building unit applied to the second floor portion and the third floor room portion of the three-story building of this example, and FIG. 9 is a skeleton of the building unit constituting the second floor portion. FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view showing a part of the same three-storied building by disassembling it into each floor. The difference between the three-story building of this example and that of the first embodiment is that
The only difference is that the building units that make up the second and third floors are replaced by wooden ones instead of wooden ones. In this example, since the concrete skeleton 10 on the first floor has the same structure as that of the first embodiment (FIG. 2), in FIG. 11, the same components as those of FIG. And its description is omitted.

The building unit 80 of this example is manufactured in advance in a factory to a size that can be transported by applying the frame construction method in order to increase the industrial production rate of the building.
As shown in, four pillars 81, 81 made of square steel pipe,
... and four floor girders 82, 82, each made of channel steel,
.. and a plurality of ceiling girders 84, 84, .. made of small channel steel, a skeleton is constructed, and floor materials 85, 85, and a ceiling material and a wall (not shown) are formed on the skeleton. The materials (outer wall material, inner wall material, boundary wall material) are attached to form a box shape.

In order to construct the three-story building of this example, after constructing the concrete skeleton 10 on the foundation prepared in advance at the construction site by the above-mentioned first embodiment and the assembling procedure, the concrete bearing wall 11a, The building units 80, 80, ... Are installed on 11b ,. Here, each building unit 80 that constitutes the second floor portion
As shown in FIG. 9, the bolt insertion holes 811 are formed in the lower end surfaces of the columns 81, 81, ... And the lower surfaces of the floor girders 82, 82 ,.
821, ... Are drilled, and these bolt insertion holes 8 are provided.
11,821, ... to the concrete bearing wall 11 on the lower floor
Anchor bolt 5 protruding from the upper surface of a, 11b, ...
, 51 are inserted, and the building unit 80 on the second floor is tightly connected to the concrete skeleton 10 on the lower floor by anchor bolts 51, 51 ,. A corresponding third-floor building unit 80 is placed on each second-floor building unit 80 and bolted to complete a three-story building. A roofing material is installed on the upper surface of each building unit 80 that constitutes the uppermost floor.

As described above, according to the structure of the second embodiment, since the steel frame type building units are used for the second floor portion and the third floor portion, it is possible to further improve the fire resistance performance and the earthquake resistance performance. it can. Further, since the lower end surface of the pillar and the lower surface of the floor girder of the building unit constituting the second floor and the upper surface of the concrete skeleton 10 of the lower floor are bolted to each other in contact with each other, the load from the upper floor is lower than that of the lower floor. Since it is distributed and transmitted to the concrete bearing wall, the result is favorable in terms of structural bearing strength, and cracking of the concrete bearing wall can be prevented. Further, since the anchor bolts on the upper surface of the concrete bearing wall are simply inserted through the bolt insertion holes on the lower surface of the building unit, the positioning is accurately performed, so that the joining work is easy.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the drawings, the specific structure is not limited to this embodiment, and there are design changes and the like within the scope not departing from the gist of the present invention. Also included in the present invention. For example, concrete is not limited to cellular concrete, but may be lightweight aggregate concrete or ordinary concrete. The foundation may be constructed by a caisson method in advance at a factory or at a construction site, and then the ground may be dug down and sunk. RC
The structure is not limited to the wall type structure, it may be a frame structure, is not limited to precasting, and at the construction site, reinforced concrete work integrated with foundation work (including formwork, rebar work, concrete work) is performed. May be.

[0032]

As described above, according to the structure of the first aspect, since the frame of the first floor portion is RC structure which is strong in both tensile force and compression force, the weights of the second floor portion and the third floor portion are weighted. It can fully support, and can withstand excessive snow load, load, wind pressure, seismic force, and is strong against fire,
It is safe for many years. On the other hand, since building units that are light on site construction are used for the second and third floors, it is possible to reduce the construction period and cost. In addition, since the first floor portion is a reinforced concrete structure in which it is easy to design an arbitrary shape, there is also an advantage that the degree of freedom in planning is high.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the reinforced concrete bearing wall and the floor slab face material are manufactured in advance at the factory, the factory production further improves the homogenization of quality and cost reduction. The construction period can be significantly shortened.

According to the third aspect of the invention, since the wooden building units are used in the second and third floor portions where the load is relatively light, the cost can be further reduced.

According to the structure of claim 4, a joint lower frame (horizontal member) is provided on the lower surface (at the side edge of the floor panel) of the wooden building unit, and the joint lower frame and the upper surface of the concrete frame are provided. Since and are bolt-joined to each other in abutment with each other, the load from the upper floor is dispersed and transmitted to the concrete bearing wall of the first floor, which results in a favorable result in terms of structural bearing strength and prevents cracking of the concrete bearing wall. Further, since the anchor bolts on the upper surface of the concrete bearing wall are simply inserted through the bolt insertion holes on the lower surface of the building unit, the positioning is accurately performed, so that the joining work is easy.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the steel frame type building units are used in the second floor portion and the third floor portion, it is possible to further improve the fire resistance performance and the earthquake resistance performance.

Further, according to the structure of claim 6, since the lower end surfaces of the steel columns of the building unit forming the second floor, the floor steel beam and the upper surface of the concrete frame are joined to each other by bolts, Since the load from the upper floor is dispersed and transmitted to the concrete bearing wall on the first floor, a favorable result is obtained in terms of structural bearing strength, and cracking of the concrete bearing wall can be prevented. Further, since the anchor bolts on the upper surface of the concrete bearing wall are simply inserted through the bolt insertion holes on the lower surface of the building unit, the positioning is accurately performed, so that the joining work is easy.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an external configuration of a three-story building that is a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing one section of a concrete skeleton constituting the first floor portion of the same three-story building.

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a main part of the concrete skeleton.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a wooden building unit applied to a second floor portion and a third floor room portion of the same three-story building.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a joint portion of the building unit.

FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing a portion of the same three-story building in each floor.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a joint portion of the same three-story unit building.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a steel frame building unit applied to a second floor portion and a third floor room portion of a three-story building which is a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged perspective view showing the main part of the skeleton of the building unit that constitutes the second floor portion.

FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view showing a portion of the same three-story building in each floor.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 Concrete frame 11a, 11b Concrete load-bearing wall 12 Floor slab 51 Anchor bolt 20 Wooden building unit (2nd floor and 3rd floor of the house) 30 Floor panel 35 Head joint (joint lower frame) 40a, 40b Wall panel 60 Bolt insertion hole (anchor bolt insertion hole) 80 Steel frame building unit 81 Column 82 Floor girder 83 Ceiling girder 811, 821 Bolt insertion hole

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A building on the first floor of a building is constructed of reinforced concrete, and a plurality of building units are assembled horizontally and vertically on the obtained concrete skeleton, and the second and third floors of the building are assembled. A three-story building characterized by being completed. 2. A structure of the first floor of a building is constructed by combining concrete bearing walls of reinforced concrete and face materials of floor slabs, and a plurality of building units are assembled horizontally and vertically on the obtained concrete structure. And a three-story building characterized by completing the second and third floors of the building. 3. The building unit is assembled with a wooden vertical frame, a lower frame, and an upper frame on a floor panel in which a structural panel is attached to the upper surface of a floor frame composed of wooden joists. The three-story building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that structural panel members are attached to both the inside and outside of the wall frame so as to stand upright as wall-bearing walls. 4. An anchor bolt is embedded in an upper surface of the concrete skeleton, and an anchor bolt is provided on a lower surface of a side edge of a floor panel arranged directly above the concrete skeleton in each of the building units constituting the second floor portion. The three-story building according to claim 3, wherein a joint lower frame having an insertion hole is provided, and the joint lower frame is bolted to the upper surface of the concrete skeleton in an abutting state. 5. The three-story building according to claim 1, wherein the building unit is made of a steel frame having upper and lower ends of steel columns at four corners connected by ceiling steel beams and floor steel beams. . 6. An anchor bolt is embedded in an upper surface of the concrete frame, and the lower end surface of the steel column and / or the steel column arranged directly above the concrete frame in each of the building units constituting the second floor portion. An anchor bolt insertion hole is provided on the lower surface of the floor steel beam, and the steel column and / or the floor steel beam is bolted to the upper surface of the concrete skeleton in an abutting state. A three-story building according to item 5.