JPH08313111A - Adsorption type refrigerating and air-conditioning device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To prevent fall-off of adsorbing agent from an adsorbing layer due to vibration or shock and improve resistances to vibration and shock by a method wherein the adsorbing agent is constituted of the mixed body of silica gel and copper fibers. CONSTITUTION: Adsorption type devices 12A, 12B are constituted of an adsorbing agent tank, filled with adsorbing agent, and a coil type heat transfer tube or plate fin heat transfer tube 13, buried into the adsorbing agent tank, while the devices are constituted so that refrigerant vapor passes through the adsorbing agent tank. The adsorbing agent used here should be produced by mixing heat conductive body or copper fibers into silica gel. According to this method, adsorbing strength is increased since the copper fibers fill the silica gel of the adsorbing agent in a cross form whereby the adsorbing agent will never be fallen off by vibration even during the use of long period of time. Accordingly, resistances to vibration and shock, which are optimum for the use in vessels which vibrates or swings much, can be obtained.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an adsorption type refrigeration / air conditioning system and an adsorbent heat exchanger.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in ships, in place of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems that use CFCs as refrigerants, which are about to be regulated in terms of environment, hot water (60 to 60 Adsorption type refrigerating and air-conditioning systems of the type that generate the required cold heat onboard ships by utilizing 90 ° C) have come to be adopted.

In this adsorption type refrigeration / air-conditioning system for ships, the refrigerant vapor introduced from the evaporator to the adsorbent such as silica gel or zeolite filled in the adsorbent tank is
The cooling water is adsorbed while passing through it, and then this refrigerant vapor is heated by the hot water after cooling the cylinder to desorb the refrigerant vapor from the adsorbent.

The refrigerant vapor is adsorbed from the evaporator, and the cold water generated in the evaporator is led to a heat exchanger such as an air cooler for a cold load, and is used for air conditioning in a ship.

[0005]

As described above, when the adsorption type refrigeration / air conditioning system is to be used for ships,
The most important issue is vibration of the ship.

In addition to what is received by defoaming of the sea, this vibration is mainly caused by the main engine and auxiliary engine of the ship. Therefore, the refrigeration / air-conditioning apparatus main body is usually located in the engine room or in a place adjacent to the engine room. In the adsorption-type refrigeration / air-conditioning system installed, the adsorbent filled in the adsorbent tank inside the adsorption system drops off due to vibration transmitted from the engine and vibration of the hull, and functions as a refrigeration / air-conditioning system. There is a problem that it will not fulfill.

As the adsorbent, for example, JP-A-58-1
No. 93062 discloses an adsorbent obtained by adding and mixing an inorganic solid such as zeolite or silica gel with a substance having good thermal conductivity such as copper in the form of powder, granules or filler. Although such an adsorbent is provided, it has a large heat transfer coefficient as compared with conventional adsorbents and has a feature that the cycle time required for adsorption / desorption can be shortened. It does not have a function to prevent desorption of the adsorbent when it is applied to a device such as a device with high vibration or vibration.

An object of the present invention is to provide an adsorption type refrigeration / air-conditioning apparatus which prevents the adsorbent from falling out of the adsorbent tank due to vibration or impact and has improved seismic resistance and impact resistance, and which is suitable for ships. Especially. Another object of the present invention is to provide an adsorbent heat exchanger that can be manufactured easily and at low cost and can easily exert economies of scale. Another object of the present invention is that the adsorbent does not drop or move from the fin portion and the function of the adsorbent is not significantly decreased, and the regeneration and cooling efficiency of the adsorbent is significantly higher than that of the conventional technique. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fin type adsorbent heat exchanger capable of increasing the coefficient of performance and improving the coefficient of performance.

[0009]

According to the present invention, an adsorbent attached to an adsorbent filled in an adsorbent tank by adsorbing a refrigerant vapor while cooling with cooling water and heating the refrigerant vapor. An adsorbent device for performing a desorption process for desorbing, a condenser for cooling and solidifying the desorbed refrigerant vapor from the adsorption device to form a low-temperature liquid refrigerant, and an evaporator for exchanging heat between the liquid refrigerant and load cold heat. , A mixture of silica gel and copper fiber fibers in the adsorbent tank, specifically a line length of 5 to 1 in silica gel.
It is characterized in that it is filled with a mixture of copper fibers having a diameter of 0 mm, a wire diameter of 30 to 60 μm, and a weight ratio of 3 to 10 wt%.

Further, in the adsorbent tank, as described in claim 3, the adsorbent tank is integrally formed with a plurality of heat transfer tubes arranged in a row, and a large number of plate-shaped fins are provided in predetermined spaces. The heat exchange unit body is formed by filling the space between the fins with the granular adsorbent and the copper fiber fiber, and the adsorbent dropout prevention plate is interposed between the unit bodies so that the fins are stacked one above the other. It is preferable that the unit bodies are composed of a plurality of unit bodies, and the unit bodies are vertically stacked at a pitch of 150 to 250 mm.

[0011]

Operation: The transfer performance of the adsorption heat exchanger, that is, the overall heat transfer coefficient U
Is generally represented by the following (1). I / U = (I / hw) + (Sw / λw) + (Sef / λef) + (1 / hex) (1) where, hw = heat transfer coefficient on the wall surface, Sw = wall thickness, λ
w = thermal conductivity of the wall, Sef = effective thermal conductivity of the adsorbent tank,
hex = heat transfer coefficient on the heat medium side.

From the above equation (1), in order to increase the overall heat transfer coefficient U of the adsorption heat exchanger, it is necessary to increase the effective heat conductivity λef of the adsorbent and the heat transfer coefficient hw on the wall surface. Further, in order to increase the heat transfer coefficient U, the purpose can be uniquely achieved by mixing copper powder, granules, needles, etc. having high thermal conductivity into the silica gel. Is known. With such an adsorbent, the heat transfer coefficient U decreases when it is used for a long time by repeating adsorption and desorption under vibration conditions. This is because, as the use time elapses, heavy copper powder, copper particles, and the like settle in the adsorbent due to vibration and fall off downward. This is particularly remarkable when the heat exchanger that constitutes the adsorbent tank is constituted by plate fins.

However, according to the present inventors' experiment results of repeating the adsorption step and the regeneration step at a fixed sample time, the adsorbent comprising a mixture of silica gel and copper fibers according to the present invention, The heat transfer coefficient U after the regeneration process is larger than that of the conventional one in which particles, needles, etc. are mixed, and weight sedimentation is less likely to occur due to the use of copper fiber which is lighter than the weight of the adsorbent even under vibration conditions. thing. Or, in addition to the fact that the wire diameter is small, the heat transfer area is actually large, and the copper fibers are considered to be in contact with each other in the conceivable copper fiber filling, which prevents the adsorbent from settling. Is also working as a stopper for. Even in this state, if the packed bed is high in the vertical direction, the lower packed bed is affected by the weight.
Within the range of 250 mm pitch, there is no influence of weight and no performance deterioration occurs under vibration conditions. .

That is, according to the present invention, the silica fibers are cross-filled with the copper fibers to improve the adsorption / desorption performance and make it difficult for the refrigerant in the adsorbent to be desorbed. Even if a high vibration or a large swing is applied, the adsorbent is prevented from falling off.

[0015]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention; However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative positions, etc., of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention thereto, unless there is a specific description, and are merely illustrative examples. Nothing more than.

FIG. 1 shows an example of an adsorption type air cooling device to which the present invention is applied. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes an adsorption type air cooling device (hereinafter abbreviated as a cooling device). The adsorption type air cooling device 10 includes two adsorption devices 12 as main elements.
A, 12B, a condenser 14 connected to the adsorption devices 12A, 12B, a refrigerant storage tank 16 connected to each of the adsorption devices 12A, 12B and the condenser 14, and an air cooler 18,
A refrigerant pump 36 for sending a refrigerant liquid from the refrigerant storage tank 16 to the air cooler 18 is provided.

The adsorption-type devices 12A and 12B include an adsorbent tank filled with an adsorbent having a structure described later, and a coil heat transfer tube embedded in the adsorbent tank or the plate fin heat transfer tube 13 shown in FIG. (Only the adsorption device 12B is shown in FIG. 1), the refrigerant vapor is configured to pass through the adsorbent tank, and two identical refrigerants are arranged in parallel.

Each of the adsorbers 12A and 12B alternately performs a refrigerant vapor adsorption step and a desorption step. In the adsorption step, the refrigerant vapor introduced from the refrigerant storage tank 16 is adsorbed by the adsorbent, and the desorption step is performed. Then, the refrigerant vapor adsorbed by the adsorbent is desorbed. In the adsorption process, in order to remove the heat of adsorption,
A cooling fluid (cooling water in this embodiment) is passed through the heat transfer tube 13 embedded in the adsorbent tank, and a heating fluid (60 ° C. in this embodiment) is applied to the heat transfer tube 13 to heat the adsorbent in the desorption process. ~
Cooling water for engine cylinder at 85 ° C).

The adsorbing devices 12A and 12B can also be constituted by plate fin type heat exchangers. That is, when the plate fin type heat exchanger is used, an adsorbent having a configuration described below is filled between plate fins, cooling water is passed through the heat transfer tubes in the refrigerant adsorbing step, and the desorbing step is performed. Then, pass warm water after cooling the engine cylinder.

The condenser 14 is composed of the two adsorption devices 1
A horizontal refrigerant vapor / cooling water heat exchanger arranged on the upper side of 2A, 12B, which is provided below the condensing part and an upper condensing part having a heat transfer tube 15 in which U tubes are connected in series. It is composed of a liquid pool 15a. The condenser 1
4 is connected to the adsorption devices 12A and 12B via two lower inlets 15c and 15d, respectively, and each lower inlet 15c and 15d penetrates the refrigerant body fluid reservoir and communicates with the condenser, On-off valves 20A and 20B that are opened and closed according to a program of an apparatus (not shown) are provided.

The condenser section 14 is desorbed from the adsorption device 12 by the cooling water flowing through the heat transfer tube 15, and the lower inlet 15
The refrigerant vapor flowing in from c and 15d is cooled and condensed,
The condensed refrigerant liquid is retained in the lower liquid pool 15a.

The refrigerant storage tank 16 is composed of the two adsorption devices 12 described above.
It is a horizontal container arranged below A and 12B, and is composed of an upper space portion 16a and a lower liquid pool 16b, and a cold heat storage agent 22 is arranged in the liquid pool 16b. (This heat storage agent 22 has, for example, a melting temperature of 8.
An encapsulated amorphous salt hydrate having a latent heat of fusion of 22.8 Kcal / kg at 3 ° C. is used, and the volume change at the phase change point is extremely small.

The refrigerant storage tank 16 has two upper outlets 16c,
Opening valves 24A, 24B, which are connected to the adsorption devices 12A, 12B via 16d, and whose upper outlets are opened and closed according to a program of a control device (not shown), respectively.
It has. Further, the liquid pool 16b of the refrigerant storage tank 16 and the liquid pool 15a of the condenser 14 are connected by a refrigerant liquid pipe 28 having a throttle valve 26, and the refrigerant liquid in the liquid pool 15a of the condenser 14 is connected to the throttle valve. While controlling the flow rate by 26, the refrigerant liquid level in the refrigerant storage tank 16 is controlled and the refrigerant liquid is flushed.

The air cooler 18 is an air / refrigerant liquid heat exchanger having a large number of finned heat transfer tubes 25,
The air flows into the air cooler 18 by an attached fan, is cooled through the fins by the refrigerant flowing through the heat transfer tube 25 while passing outside the heat transfer tube 25, and is blown to a predetermined place. The header of the refrigerant inlet of the air cooler 18 communicates with the space 16a of the refrigerant storage tank 16 by the refrigerant liquid supply pipe 34 in which the refrigerant pump 36 is interposed.

The refrigerant liquid flows from the refrigerant storage tank 16 to the refrigerant pump 3
6 flows into the heat transfer pipe 25 through the refrigerant supply pipe 34, partially evaporates while cooling the air, flows out of the heat transfer pipe 25, enters the refrigerant storage tank 16 through the downcomer 38, and separates into gas and liquid.
The adsorbing device 12A or 12B during the adsorbing step is in a depressurized state because it adsorbs the refrigerant vapor, and therefore the refrigerant vapor is transferred from the air cooler 18 to the adsorbing device 12A (12) due to the pressure difference.
Enter B).

In order to supply cooling water and hot water to the adsorption devices 12A and 12B and the condenser 14, the cooling water supply pipe 40 and the cooling water discharge pipe 42 connected to the condenser 14 and the adsorption device 1
A warm water supply pipe 44 and a warm water discharge pipe 46, and a cooling water supply pipe 41 and a cooling water discharge pipe 43 connected to 2A and 12B are provided. In the hot water supply pipe 44, as described above, the engine cooling cylinder cooling water (temperature 60 ° C to 8 ° C) is used.
(5 ° C.) is passed, and the heat of this hot water promotes the desorption action in the adsorption device 12A (12B).

As the adsorbent loaded in the adsorbent tanks of the adsorbers 12A and 12B, silica gel mixed with copper fiber which is a good conductor of heat is used. The mixing ratio of the silica gel and the copper fiber is preferably about 5 wt% of the copper fiber.

Next, the structure of the adsorbent tank will be described with reference to FIG. In this adsorbent tank, a plurality of heat transfer tubes 140 extending in the horizontal direction are arranged in a row in the vertical direction, and a large number of plate-shaped aluminum fins 141 are fitted through a predetermined space. The aluminum fin 141 has a vertically long rectangular plate shape, and the three heat transfer tubes 140 arranged above and below are integrally fitted and held to form the heat exchange unit 144, and the heat exchange unit body 144 is An adsorbent dropout prevention plate 145 is interposed between the unit bodies 144, and the unit body groups are vertically stacked. The captive prevention plate 145 is formed of a plate-shaped or fine mesh-shaped punching metal plate made of a material having good thermal conductivity.

The adsorbent tank body 147 consisting of the heat exchange unit bodies 144 is filled with granular adsorbent 142 at intervals between aluminum fins, and an ultrafine wire mesh (depending on particle size) is provided on the fin surface to prevent the adsorbent from falling off. A thin wire net 143 having a different mesh (for example, about 40 mesh) is covered to prevent the adsorbent 142 from falling off or moving to the outside from the fin surface or the gap.

In the above technique, in order to prevent the adsorbent from falling off, the fins are wound from the outside with a wire net 143 knitted with an ultrafine wire mesh to cover the adsorbent tank body 147 including the heat exchange unit body 144. However, since the wire mesh is like a thin cloth and cannot be adhered to the fins by itself, a punching metal or the like having a rougher eye may be used from the outside to press the wire mesh to increase the degree of adhesion.

The upper and lower disposition pitch intervals of the heat exchange unit body 144, in other words, the disposition prevention plate 45 disposition pitch intervals are set to 150 to 250 mm pitch intervals.

Next, the heat transfer performance and adsorption safety of the adsorbent composed of the mixture of silica gel and copper fibers will be described.

(1) Specimen and Experimental Method A plate fin type heat exchanger was used as an adsorption device, an adsorbent was filled between the plate fins, and cooling water as a heating medium and a heat transfer medium were introduced into the heat transfer tubes of the heat exchanger. Hot water was passed while controlling the temperature to adsorb and desorb the adsorbent.

The cycle time of adsorption and desorption is 5 to 5.
The temperature change of the adsorbent, the change of the refrigerant circulation amount, and the calculation calculation of the overall heat transfer coefficient U shown in the equation (1) were performed by changing the temperature for 10 minutes.

The adsorbents used in the experiment are as shown in Table 1.
A: crushed silica gel, B: silica gel + copper particles 10 wt
%, C: silica gel + copper fiber 10 wt%.

[0036]

[Table 1]

(2) Experimental Results (2-1) Measurement Results of Heat Transfer Characteristics and Adsorption Stability The results obtained by measuring and calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient U shown in the above equation (1) in the adsorption step and the regeneration step are shown. 2 shows.

[0038]

[Table 2]

As is clear from Table 2, the sample C (silica gel + copper fiber 10 wt%) has a small drop of U after adsorption → regeneration.

The reason why the drop of U is large is that the effective thermal conductivity λef of the adsorbent decreases because the refrigerant in the adsorbent is desorbed as the process of adsorption → regeneration is repeated.

That is, among the four types of specimens, the silica gel + copper fiber 10 wt% of sample C had a small decrease in the heat transfer coefficient U, and both had less desorption of the refrigerant in the adsorbent during the adsorption step. Become.

FIG. 2 shows the results of measurement and calculation of the time of the sample C (silica gel + copper fiber 10 wt%), the heat transfer coefficient U and the adsorbent temperature.

Samples A and B based on the above experimental results
Table 3 shows a comparison of evaluations as the adsorbents for C and C.

[0044]

[Table 3]

From the aspects of the heat transfer performance U and adsorptivity, sample C (silica gel + copper fiber 10 wt%) is suitable as an adsorbent. Therefore, in all aspects of heat transfer performance, adsorption performance, and manufacturing cost, sample C (silica gel +
Copper fiber (10 wt%) is most suitable as an adsorbent.

Further, regarding the sample C,
As a result of performing a vibration test and performing a seismic resistance test by applying vibration at the same level as that of the ship engine and ship vibration, the sample C does not drop the adsorbent due to vibration,
It was confirmed that the adsorbent tank had sufficient adsorbability.

[0047]

According to the present invention, an adsorbing device for adsorbing and adsorbing refrigerant vapor to and from the adsorbent, and whether the desorbed refrigerant from the adsorbing device is cooled and condensed to form a liquid refrigerant. In an adsorption type refrigeration / air-conditioning apparatus equipped with a condenser and a heat exchanger for exchanging liquid refrigerant and load cold heat, since the adsorbent is composed of a mixture of silica gel and copper fiber, silica gel of the adsorbent The copper fibers will be crossed and filled inside to increase the adsorption strength, and the adsorbent will not fall off due to vibration even during long-term use,
Moreover, good heat transfer performance can be maintained, and the cost is low.

Therefore, it is possible to obtain an adsorption type refrigerating / air-conditioning apparatus having earthquake resistance and shock resistance, which is suitable for a ship which is subject to large vibrations and swings.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an adsorption type air cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a performance diagram of the adsorbent according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a main part configuration of an adsorbent tank applied to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Adsorption Type Air Cooling Device 12A / 12B Adsorption Device 14 Circulator 16 Refrigerant Storage Tank 18 Air Cooler 36 Refrigerant Pump 140 Heat Transfer Tube 141 Aluminum Plate Fin 144 Heat Exchange Unit 145 Adsorbent Fall Prevention Plate

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An adsorption step of adsorbing a refrigerant vapor to an adsorbent filled in an adsorbent tank while cooling it with cooling water, and a desorption step of heating the refrigerant vapor to desorb the adsorbent attached to the refrigerant vapor. An adsorbent device, a condenser for cooling and solidifying the desorbed refrigerant vapor from the adsorption device to form a low-temperature liquid refrigerant, and an evaporator for exchanging heat between the liquid refrigerant and the load cold heat, and silica gel in the adsorbent tank. An adsorption type refrigeration / air-conditioning system characterized by being filled with a mixture with copper fiber fibers. 2. The mixture has a line length of 5 to 5 in silica gel.
10 mm, wire diameter 30-60 μm, weight ratio 3-10 wt%
The adsorbing type refrigerating / air-conditioning apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbing type refrigerating / air-conditioning apparatus is a mixture formed by mixing the copper fiber. 3. The adsorbent tank is integrally mounted on a plurality of heat transfer tubes arranged in a row, with a large number of plate-shaped fins fitted through a predetermined space, and a granular adsorbent is provided between the fins. A heat exchange unit body is formed by filling copper fiber fibers, and the heat exchange unit body is composed of a unit body group which is vertically stacked while an adsorbent dropout prevention plate is interposed between the unit bodies. 1. Adsorption type refrigeration / air conditioning system according to 1.