CN109556310B - Adsorption refrigeration device - Google Patents

Adsorption refrigeration device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109556310B
CN109556310B CN201811186374.1A CN201811186374A CN109556310B CN 109556310 B CN109556310 B CN 109556310B CN 201811186374 A CN201811186374 A CN 201811186374A CN 109556310 B CN109556310 B CN 109556310B
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adsorption
refrigerant
porous
way valve
refrigeration
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CN109556310A (en
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袁红星
吴少群
张永平
诸葛霞
余辉晴
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Ningbo University of Technology
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Ningbo University of Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
    • F25B17/083—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt with two or more boiler-sorbers operating alternately
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B37/00—Absorbers; Adsorbers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2315/00—Sorption refrigeration cycles or details thereof
    • F25B2315/006—Reversible sorption cycles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

Abstract

The single-stage adsorption refrigeration appliance comprises a box body, wherein the box body is divided into N intervals, and a plurality of intervalsThe structures of the pore adsorbing materials all satisfy the following relations: space ratio from K1To KNThe flow direction along the refrigerant is linearly increased relative to the pressure drop of the refrigerant in the refrigeration appliance, so that the adsorption capacity per unit time of the porous adsorption material is consistent when the interior of the appliance flows upwards along the refrigerant.

Description

Adsorption refrigeration device
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a refrigeration device, and more particularly, to an adsorption refrigeration device for cooling adsorption and heating desorption.
Background
With the continuous development of adsorption refrigeration systems, the adsorption refrigeration systems are improved more and more, including adsorption air conditioners/heat pumps, solar adsorption refrigerators, adsorption ice makers, and the like. The metal heat capacity and the fluid heat capacity of the adsorption refrigeration equipment have great influence on the performance COP of the adsorption refrigeration system.
The existing adsorption refrigeration system generally adopts two adsorbers, an evaporator, a condenser, a throttle valve and the like. When one adsorption equipment is communicated with the condenser and is heating for desorption, the other adsorption equipment is communicated with the evaporator for cooling for adsorption. After the desorption and adsorption process is finished, the working states of the two adsorption devices are switched through the valves of the heating pipeline and the cooling pipeline, and continuous refrigeration can be realized.
The adsorption capacity of the adsorption equipment affects the cycle period of the system, that is, the refrigerating capacity per unit time of the refrigerating system, so to improve the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating system and obtain higher COP, the adsorption capacity of the adsorption equipment and the adsorption capacity per unit time must be accelerated. A good adsorption device can be improved from various factors such as the structural design, the heat transfer characteristic of the adsorption working medium and the like, so that the adsorption capacity of the adsorption device per unit time is improved.
However, for large adsorption plants, the refrigerant tubes are of considerable length as they pass through the adsorbent material of the adsorption plant. Along with the increase of the flow, the heat loss and the pressure loss of the internal refrigerant are gradually increased, so that the heat transfer capability of the refrigerant to the outside is gradually obviously attenuated in the upward direction of the refrigerant flow, and the heat exchange capability between the refrigerant and the adsorbing material outside the refrigerant pipe is gradually reduced. And thus the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent material is also reduced. Thereby affecting the overall adsorption capacity of the adsorption equipment and the refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present disclosure aims to provide a refrigeration apparatus capable of reducing the problem of the decrease in the adsorption capacity due to the heat loss and pressure loss of the refrigerant in the adsorption apparatus, which can improve the adsorption capacity of the adsorption apparatus as a whole, reduce the decay life of the adsorbent, and improve the refrigeration capacity and service life of the refrigeration apparatus.
According to one technical scheme of the disclosure, the single-stage adsorption refrigeration appliance comprises a box body, the box body is divided into N intervals, N is larger than or equal to 3, a porous adsorption material which is subjected to pretreatment is filled in each interval, the porous adsorption material is soaked in heat storage material liquid with lithium bromide, potassium chloride or potassium bromide serving as a solute in advance, the mass percentage of the heat storage liquid is 3-7%, the soaking time is 8-24 h, and the soaking concentration of the porous adsorption material relative to the heat storage material liquid is 20-30% by mass; the porous adsorption material in each interval has respective space ratio K1、K2……KNThe refrigerant inlet pipe enters the refrigeration device from the most upstream region, the refrigerant outlet pipe penetrates out of the refrigeration device from the most downstream region and penetrates through the porous adsorption materials, and the structure of the porous adsorption materials in each region meets the following relation: space ratio from K1To KNIncreases linearly along the direction of flow of the refrigerant with respect to the pressure drop of the refrigerant in the refrigeration appliance, and
KN＝K1exp(-(C/β)(Pinlet refrigerant/PRefrigerant outlet-1)2)
KN、K1The space ratio of the refrigerant flowing to the porous adsorption material in the upstream and downstream areas in the refrigerator and the space ratio of the refrigerant flowing to the adsorption material in the upstream and upstream areas are respectively; pInlet refrigerant、PRefrigerant outletThe internal refrigerant pressure when the refrigerant inlet pipe enters the refrigeration device and the internal pressure when the refrigerant outlet pipe penetrates out of the refrigeration device are respectively measured; c is the structural constant of the porous adsorption material, and beta is the relation between the porous adsorption material and the refrigerantCounting; therefore, the adsorption capacity per unit time of each area is practically the same when the inside of the refrigeration device flows upwards along the refrigerant.
Further, N is 6-15.
Furthermore, each interval of the refrigerator is internally provided with a porous adsorption material cuboid, the porous adsorption material is zeolite, activated carbon, activated alumina or silica gel, the porous adsorption material cuboid in each interval is coated with an activated carbon fiber net, and the refrigerant adsorbed in the refrigerator is water, methanol or ammonia gas.
The single-stage adsorption refrigeration equipment comprises a first adsorption bed and a second adsorption bed; the first adsorption bed comprises a first refrigeration appliance and first heat exchange equipment, and the second adsorption bed comprises a second refrigeration appliance and second heat exchange equipment; the single-stage adsorption refrigeration equipment also comprises a first four-way valve, a second four-way valve, a third four-way valve, a fourth four-way valve, third heat exchange equipment, a heat source and an air conditioner tail end; wherein the heat source, the first four-way valve, the second refrigerating appliance and the second four-way valve are connected in turn into a loop through a refrigerant pipe; the heat source, the first four-way valve, the first refrigerating appliance and the second four-way valve are also sequentially connected into a loop through a refrigerant pipe; wherein the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed are constructed in a way that the second adsorption bed is desorbed when the first adsorption bed is used for adsorption, and the first adsorption bed is used for desorption when the first round of adsorption and desorption are finished and the second adsorption bed is used for adsorption alternately.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a single-stage adsorption refrigeration apparatus according to the present invention in a refrigeration mode.
Fig. 2 is an overall configuration diagram of a single-stage adsorption refrigeration apparatus according to the present invention in a heating mode.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structures of the first adsorption apparatus and the second adsorption apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The adsorption refrigeration system of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the single-stage adsorption refrigeration apparatus of the present invention is a waste heat source type heat pump 1 that can perform cooling or heating in a building or simultaneously perform cooling and heating in different spaces. The heat pump 1 comprises a high-temperature heat source 2, an adsorption type refrigerator and an air conditioner tail end 3, wherein the adsorption type refrigerator comprises a first adsorption device 4, a second adsorption device 5, a first heat exchange device 6, a second heat exchange device 7, a third heat exchange device 8 and first to fourth four-way valves 9 to 12.
The adsorption type refrigerating machine comprises two adsorption beds, wherein a first adsorption bed A comprises a sealed container, a first adsorption device 4 and a first heat exchange device 6 are arranged in the sealed container, a second adsorption bed B comprises a sealed container, a second adsorption device 5 and a second heat exchange device 7 are arranged in the sealed container, when the first adsorption bed A is adsorbed, the second adsorption bed B is desorbed, and when the second adsorption bed B is regenerated, the first adsorption bed A is desorbed.
Next, the structure and the operation flow of the first adsorption bed a and the second adsorption bed B of the present embodiment will be described.
As shown in fig. 1, the first adsorption equipment 4 in the first adsorption bed a has a refrigerant pipe 13 through which a working medium flows. The refrigerant pipe 13 is made of a metal (copper or a copper alloy in the present embodiment) having excellent thermal conductivity. The first suction device 4 further includes a case filled with an adsorbent, and the refrigerant pipe 13 is inserted into the adsorbent.
The second adsorption device 5 in the second adsorption bed B has a refrigerant pipe 14 for flowing the working medium. The refrigerant pipe 14 is made of a metal (copper or a copper alloy in the present embodiment) having excellent thermal conductivity. The second adsorption equipment 5 further has a box body filled with an adsorption material, and the refrigerant pipe 14 is inserted into the adsorption material.
In a refrigeration mode, the control device controls the directions of the first four-way valve 9, the second four-way valve 10, the third four-way valve 11 and the fourth four-way valve 12 to control the flow direction of the refrigerant, the refrigerant absorbs the heat of the heat source 2 and flows to the second adsorption equipment 5 through the refrigerant pipe 14, the refrigerant pipe 14 releases heat in the second adsorption equipment 5 of the second adsorption bed B, and the refrigerant is cooled and then returns to the heat source 2 through the second four-way valve 10 to absorb heat, so that circulation is formed.
The desorption process is performed in the second adsorption bed B. The adsorption material in the second adsorption equipment 5 is heated, desorbed and desorbed, the dryness of the adsorption material is improved, and the refrigerant steam desorbed from the adsorption material is condensed in the second heat exchange equipment 7 to release heat and regenerated into liquid.
The first adsorption bed a is subjected to an adsorption process. The refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 15 of the second heat exchange device 7 absorbs heat and then enters the refrigerant pipe 13 of the first adsorption equipment 4 through the third four-way valve 11 and the first four-way valve 9, the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 13 continuously absorbs heat in the first adsorption equipment 4 and then is heated, flows to the third heat exchange device 8 through the second four-way valve 10, releases heat and is cooled, and then returns to the second heat exchange device 7 through the fourth four-way valve 12.
The dried adsorbent in the first adsorption equipment 4 in the first adsorption bed a releases heat and adsorbs the refrigerant, so that the pressure in the first adsorption bed a is reduced, thereby evaporating the refrigerant in the first heat exchange equipment 6, the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 16 in the first heat exchange equipment 6 releases heat and reduces temperature, and the cooled refrigerant flows to the air conditioner terminal 3 through the third four-way valve 11 to supply cold to the user.
After the first round of adsorption and desorption, although not shown in the drawings, it can be understood by those skilled in the art from fig. 1 that the first adsorption bed a is switched to the desorption process and the second adsorption bed B is switched to the adsorption process by controlling the switching of the first to fourth four-way valves 9 to 12 in the adsorption refrigeration equipment of the present invention. The flow direction of the refrigerant in the first adsorption equipment 4 and the second adsorption equipment 5 is always constant.
In the heating mode, as shown in fig. 2, the control device controls the switching of the first four-way valve 9, the second four-way valve 10, the third four-way valve 11 and the fourth four-way valve 12 to control the direction of the refrigerant, the refrigerant absorbs the heat of the heat source 2 and flows through the refrigerant pipe 14 to the second adsorption equipment 5, the refrigerant pipe 14 releases heat in the second adsorption equipment 5 of the second adsorption bed B, and the refrigerant returns to the heat source 2 through the second four-way valve 10 after being cooled to circulate.
The desorption process is performed in the second adsorption bed B. The adsorption material in the second adsorption equipment 5 is heated, desorbed and desorbed, the dryness of the adsorption material is improved, and the refrigerant steam desorbed from the adsorption material is condensed in the second heat exchange equipment 7 to release heat and regenerated into liquid.
The refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 15 of the second heat exchange device 7 absorbs heat and then flows into the air conditioner terminal 3 through the third four-way valve 11 and the pump, and releases heat to the user.
The first adsorption bed a is subjected to an adsorption process. After absorbing heat in the first adsorption equipment 4, the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 13 in the first adsorption equipment 4 flows to the third heat exchange equipment 8 through the second four-way valve 10, releases heat in the third heat exchange equipment 8, then flows to the refrigerant pipe 16 in the first heat exchange equipment 6 through the fourth four-way valve 12, continues releasing heat in the refrigerant pipe 16, and returns to the refrigerant pipe 13 in the first adsorption equipment 4 through the third four-way valve 11, the pump and the first four-way valve 9 to continue circulation.
The dry adsorbent in the first adsorption equipment 4 in the first adsorption bed a exothermically adsorbs the refrigerant, thus reducing the pressure in the first adsorption bed a, thereby evaporating the refrigerant in the first heat exchange device 6.
After the first round of adsorption and desorption, the first adsorption bed A is switched to the desorption process and the second adsorption bed B is switched to the adsorption process by controlling the switching of the first four-way valve 9-12 to the fourth four-way valve in the adsorption refrigerator. The flow direction of the refrigerant in the first adsorption equipment 4 and the second adsorption equipment 5 is always constant.
The adsorption structure of the first adsorption apparatus 4 and the second adsorption apparatus 5 is described below. The first adsorption equipment 4 and the second adsorption equipment 5 are uniformly filled with the adsorption material. The adsorption material is porous, and space volume is formed between the material particles, wherein the space ratio K is the ratio of the space volume V between the adsorption material particles to the volume V of the adsorption equipment. When the space ratio of the adsorption material is too small, the amount of the refrigerant which can be adsorbed/desorbed by the adsorption material is also small, but the space ratio of the adsorption material is too large, the heat exchange capacity of the adsorption material is reduced, and the sufficient amount of the refrigerant cannot be adsorbed/desorbed. Thus, the density and the volume of the adsorbent material must be carefully balanced in order to obtain a suitable optimum performance value for both its heat exchange capacity and the amount of refrigerant adsorbed/desorbed, which is generally referred to herein as the theoretical adsorption capacity per unit time of the first adsorption equipment 4 and the second adsorption equipment 5 as a whole, as S.
With reference to FIG. 1In the schematic view, the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 13 of the first adsorption bed a flows from left to right in the first adsorption equipment 4 all the time, and the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 13 absorbs heat from the adsorbent. In the prior art, various parameters of the adsorbing material along the flowing direction of the refrigerant pipe 13, such as material, density, space volume between material particles, and the like, are completely the same. Through a great deal of experiments, the research of the invention finds that the structure in the prior art is one of the main factors causing the replacement of the adsorption material. When the refrigerant pipe 13 enters the first adsorption equipment 4, the pressure is P1The pressure of the refrigerant pipe 13 passing through the first adsorption equipment 4 is P2Along with the increase of the flow in the flow direction, the pressure and the heat are obviously lost, the heat absorption capacity is obviously reduced, and the heat exchange capacity between the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 13 and the adsorbing material is weakened. Meanwhile, in the adsorbent in the first adsorption equipment 4, the amount of the adsorbed refrigerant is larger as the actual heat-releasing capacity of the adsorbent closer to the left side is higher, and the amount of the adsorbed refrigerant is smaller as the heat-releasing capacity of the adsorbent closer to the right side is lower. This results in a variation in the actual adsorption amount of the adsorbent in the first adsorption equipment 4, a variation in the degree of attenuation of the actual adsorption capacity S1 per unit time of the adsorbent in the flow direction along the refrigerant pipe 13, a variation in the service life, and a decrease in the actual adsorption capacity S1 per unit time of the adsorption equipment as a whole which is smaller than the theoretical adsorption capacity S per unit time. When the right adsorbent material is still in good condition and still usable, the left adsorbent material has to be replaced, and the actual use period is much shorter than the theoretical use period. This directly results in a reduction in the service life of the first adsorption device, an increase in the cost of the refrigeration system and a reduction in the capacity.
Thus, as shown in fig. 3, the present invention provides a new adsorption refrigeration appliance having improved adsorption capacity, which is a first adsorption equipment 4 and a second adsorption equipment 5. The first adsorption equipment 4 and the second adsorption equipment 5 are provided with boxes, porous adsorption materials are filled in the boxes, the porous adsorption materials in the equipment are vertically divided into N intervals in the refrigerant flow direction, N is larger than or equal to 3 in each interval, and N is preferably 6-15.
The interior of each interval is provided with a porous adsorption material cuboid, the porous adsorption material is zeolite, activated carbon, activated alumina or silica gel, and the porous adsorption material cuboid of each interval is coated with an activated carbon fiber net. The refrigerant adsorbed in the first adsorption bed A and the second adsorption bed B is water, methanol, ammonia gas or the like.
The untreated porous adsorption material in the prior art has low density and ordinary adsorption capacity. The teaching and research laboratory has proved a method for treating an adsorption material with improved adsorption capacity. The zeolite, the activated carbon, the activated alumina or the silica gel is soaked in an alkaline solute of a heat storage material such as lithium bromide, potassium chloride, potassium bromide and the like in advance, preferably in 3-7% by mass of the heat storage material liquid for 8-24 hours, wherein the soaking concentration of the adsorbing material relative to the alkaline heat storage material liquid is 20-30% by mass, and the fluidity and the heat storage performance of the porous adsorbing material when adsorbing the refrigerant can be remarkably improved.
The porous adsorption material prepared by the method is made into a block shape, coated with activated carbon fiber and filled into each interval of the first or second adsorption equipment 4 and 5. Thereby, the first adsorption apparatus 4 and the second adsorption apparatus 5 have higher adsorption capacities than the prior art. Each interval having a respective spatial ratio K1、K2……KNWhich is the ratio of the spatial volume of the porous adsorbent material of each zone to the volume of each zone. In the first and second adsorption devices 4 and 5, the refrigerant enters the first or second adsorption device 4 or 5 from the most upstream region through the inlet pipe, and the refrigerant outlet pipe passes out of the first or second adsorption device 4 or 5 from the most downstream region and passes through the porous adsorption material particles, wherein the porous adsorption material in the first and second adsorption devices has a structure satisfying the following relations: space ratio from K1To KNThe flow direction along the refrigerant is linearly increased with respect to the pressure drop of the refrigerant in the first and second adsorption apparatuses, and
KN＝K1exp(-(C/β)(Pinlet refrigerant/PRefrigerant outlet-1)2)
KN、K1The space ratio of the refrigerant flowing to the adsorption material in the upstream and downstream areas in the first adsorption equipment or the second adsorption equipment and the space ratio of the refrigerant flowing to the porous adsorption material in the upstream and upstream areas are respectively; pInlet refrigerant、PRefrigerant outletThe internal refrigerant pressure when the refrigerant inlet pipe enters the first adsorption equipment or the second adsorption equipment and the internal pressure when the refrigerant outlet pipe penetrates out of the first adsorption equipment or the second adsorption equipment are respectively measured; c is a structural constant of the porous adsorption material, and beta is a relation constant between the porous adsorption material and the refrigerant; therefore, the adsorption capacity per unit time of the porous adsorption materials in each zone is practically the same in the first adsorption equipment and the second adsorption equipment along the refrigerant flow direction.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in the first suction equipment 4 of the present invention, when the refrigerant pipe 13 enters the first suction equipment 4, the internal refrigerant pressure is P1The pressure of the refrigerant inside the refrigerant pipe 13 passing through the first adsorption device 4 is P2. The degree of densification of the adsorbent material decreases along the direction of the flow path of the refrigerant pipe 13, and the space ratio K between the regions increases linearly with respect to the internal pressure drop of the refrigerant pipe 13. Wherein, the leftmost and most upstream area of the first adsorption equipment 4, the heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 13 is strong, and the heat transfer speed is maximum, so that the compactness degree of the adsorption material on the left side is maximum, and the space ratio K between material particles is maximum1And minimum. The downstream area at the right side of the first suction device 4 has the weakest heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 13 and the smallest heat transfer speed, so the space ratio K between the material particlesNThe maximum amount of heat is less hindered between the adsorbent materials to help the right adsorbent material adsorb a greater amount of refrigerant. Wherein the space ratio K and the pressure P of the refrigerant pipe 13 are made1And P2The following relationship is satisfied:
KN＝K1exp(-(C/β)(P1/P2-1)2) (C is a structural constant of the adsorbent, and β is a structural constant of the relationship between the adsorbent and the refrigerant), so that the loss due to the pressure can be uniformly compensated by precisely arranging the structures of the adsorbents in the first adsorption equipment 4 in the rows along the refrigerant flow. The invention is corresponding to the continuous loss of pressure P and heat in the first suction device 4 of the refrigerant pipe 13 by adjusting the air in each partThe interval K is a factor that prevents the adsorption capacity of the refrigerant at each position inside the first adsorption equipment 4 from being affected by the pressure loss and heat loss of the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 13. Therefore, the adsorption capacity of the adsorption equipment per unit time is integrally enhanced, the service life of the adsorption material in the first adsorption equipment 4 is further prolonged, frequent replacement is not needed, and the operation cost of the refrigeration system is reduced.
Similarly, taking the schematic diagram of fig. 1 as an example, the flow direction of the refrigerant pipe 14 in the second adsorption bed B in the second adsorption apparatus 5 is always from right to left, and the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 14 releases heat to the adsorbent. Similarly, as shown in fig. 1, when the refrigerant pipe 14 enters the second adsorption apparatus 5, the pressure of the refrigerant inside the second adsorption apparatus 5 is P3Refrigerant pressure P when refrigerant pipe 14 passes through second adsorption equipment 54. Along the direction of the flow path of the refrigerant pipe 14, the degree of densification of the adsorbent material decreases, and the space ratio K between the particles of the adsorbent material, which is the ratio of the volume V of the space between the particles of the adsorbent material to the volume V of the adsorbent device, increases substantially linearly with respect to the pressure drop of the refrigerant pipe 14. Wherein, the rightmost side of the second adsorption equipment has strong heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 14 and the heat transfer speed is maximum, so that the compactness degree of the adsorption material at the rightmost side is maximum, and the space ratio K between material particles1And minimum. The leftmost side of the second adsorption equipment 5, the heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 14 is weakest, the heat transfer speed is minimum, and therefore the space ratio K between material particlesNThe maximum amount of heat is less hindered between the adsorbent materials to help the left side adsorbent material adsorb a greater amount of refrigerant. Wherein the space ratio K and the pressure P of the refrigerant pipe 14 are enabled1And P2The following relationship is satisfied: kN＝K1exp(-(C/β)(P3/P4-1)2) (C is a structural constant of the adsorbent, and β is a structural constant of the relationship between the adsorbent and the refrigerant), so that it is possible to uniformly compensate for the loss due to the pressure by arranging the structures of the adsorbents in the second adsorption apparatus 5 in the respective columns along the refrigerant flow. So that the adsorption capacity per unit time of the adsorption apparatus is enhanced as a whole.
Further, the present invention uses an elongated adsorption device as an exemplary illustration, however, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the flow direction of the refrigerant pipe may be set in any direction in the prior art. Any invention that reduces the loss of adsorption capacity by uniformly changing the characteristics of the adsorbent in the refrigerant flow direction to reduce the pressure loss and heat loss in the flow direction falls within the scope of the present disclosure.
In addition, terms used in any technical solutions disclosed in the present invention to indicate positional relationships or shapes include approximate, similar or approximate states or shapes unless otherwise stated. Any part provided by the invention can be assembled by a plurality of independent components or can be manufactured by an integral forming process.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A single-stage adsorption refrigeration appliance characterized by: the heat storage material box comprises a box body, wherein the box body is divided into N intervals, N is larger than or equal to 3, a porous adsorption material which is subjected to pretreatment is filled in each interval, the porous adsorption material is soaked in heat storage material liquid with lithium bromide, potassium chloride or potassium bromide serving as solute in advance, the mass percentage of the heat storage material liquid is 3-7%, the soaking time is 8-24 h, and the soaking concentration of the porous adsorption material relative to the heat storage material liquid is 20-30% by mass;
the porous adsorption material in each interval has respective space ratio K1、K2……KNThe refrigerant inlet pipe enters the refrigerator from the most upstream region, and the refrigerant outlet pipe penetrates out of the refrigerator from the most downstream region and penetrates through the porous adsorption materialsWherein the structure of the porous adsorption material in each zone satisfies the following relationship: space ratio from K1To KNIncreases linearly along the direction of flow of the refrigerant with respect to the pressure drop of the refrigerant in the refrigeration appliance, and
KN＝K1exp(-(C/β)(Pinlet refrigerant/PRefrigerant outlet-1)2)
KN、K1The space ratio of the refrigerant flowing to the porous adsorption material in the upstream and downstream areas in the refrigerator and the space ratio of the refrigerant flowing to the adsorption material in the upstream and upstream areas are respectively; pInlet refrigerant、PRefrigerant outletThe internal refrigerant pressure when the refrigerant inlet pipe enters the refrigeration device and the internal pressure when the refrigerant outlet pipe penetrates out of the refrigeration device are respectively measured; c is a structural constant of the porous adsorption material, and beta is a relation constant between the porous adsorption material and the refrigerant; therefore, the adsorption capacity per unit time of each area is practically the same when the inside of the refrigeration device flows upwards along the refrigerant.
2. The refrigeration appliance according to claim 1, wherein N is 6 to 15.
3. The refrigerator as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein each compartment has a rectangular parallelepiped of porous adsorbent material, the porous adsorbent material is zeolite, activated carbon, activated alumina or silica gel, the rectangular parallelepiped of porous adsorbent material in each compartment is coated with a network of activated carbon fibers, and the refrigerant adsorbed in the refrigerator is water, methanol or ammonia gas.
4. A single stage adsorption refrigeration unit comprising a refrigeration appliance as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a first adsorption bed and a second adsorption bed;
a first adsorption bed comprising a refrigeration device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and first heat exchange means therein, and a second adsorption bed comprising a refrigeration device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and second heat exchange means therein;
the single-stage adsorption refrigeration equipment also comprises a first four-way valve, a second four-way valve, a third four-way valve, a fourth four-way valve, third heat exchange equipment, a heat source and an air conditioner tail end;
wherein the heat source, the first four-way valve, the second refrigerating appliance and the second four-way valve are connected in turn into a loop through a refrigerant pipe; the heat source, the first four-way valve, the first refrigerating appliance and the second four-way valve are also sequentially connected into a loop through a refrigerant pipe;
wherein the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed are constructed in a way that the second adsorption bed is desorbed when the first adsorption bed is used for adsorption, and the first adsorption bed is used for desorption when the first round of adsorption and desorption are finished and the second adsorption bed is used for adsorption alternately.
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