CN109556312B - Multi-stage adsorption refrigeration method - Google Patents

Multi-stage adsorption refrigeration method Download PDF

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CN109556312B
CN109556312B CN201811186476.3A CN201811186476A CN109556312B CN 109556312 B CN109556312 B CN 109556312B CN 201811186476 A CN201811186476 A CN 201811186476A CN 109556312 B CN109556312 B CN 109556312B
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adsorption
stage
adsorber
way valve
equipment
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CN109556312A (en
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吴少群
袁红星
张永平
安鹏
余辉晴
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Ningbo University of Technology
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Ningbo University of Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
    • F25B17/083—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt with two or more boiler-sorbers operating alternately
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B37/00—Absorbers; Adsorbers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/04—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for sorption type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/046—Operating intermittently
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2315/00—Sorption refrigeration cycles or details thereof
    • F25B2315/006—Reversible sorption cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

Abstract

The utility model provides a multistage adsorption refrigeration method, it includes first adsorption equipment and second adsorption equipment, the one-level adsorber that sets up in parallel in first and the second adsorption equipment, second grade adsorber, tertiary adsorber are constructed to pack and are had porous adsorption material in, the refrigerant pipe passes from between the above-mentioned porous adsorption material granule, wherein, the space ratio between the granule of porous adsorption material in each adsorber, flow direction along the refrigerant is related to refrigerant pipe pressure drop linear increase to make inside along the refrigerant flow of first, second adsorption equipment upwards, the actual adsorption efficiency of each grade adsorber is the same. The refrigeration method accurately selects the adsorbers needing to participate in adsorption according to the temperature difference of the inlet and the outlet of the refrigerant at the tail end of the air conditioner, so that the system energy efficiency can be improved, the system cost can be reduced, and the replacement process and times of the adsorbing materials can be reduced.

Description

Multi-stage adsorption refrigeration method
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a refrigeration method of refrigeration equipment, and more particularly, to a multi-stage adsorption refrigeration method of adsorption refrigeration equipment for cooling adsorption and heating desorption.
Background
With the continuous development of adsorption refrigeration systems, the adsorption refrigeration systems are improved more and more, including adsorption air conditioners/heat pumps, solar adsorption refrigerators, adsorption ice makers, and the like. The metal heat capacity and the fluid heat capacity of the adsorption refrigeration equipment have great influence on the performance COP of the adsorption refrigeration system.
The existing adsorption refrigeration system generally adopts two adsorbers, an evaporator, a condenser, a throttle valve and the like. When one adsorption equipment is communicated with the condenser and is heating for desorption, the other adsorption equipment is communicated with the evaporator for cooling for adsorption. After the desorption and adsorption process is finished, the working states of the two adsorption devices are switched through the valves of the heating pipeline and the cooling pipeline, and continuous refrigeration can be realized.
The adsorption capacity of the adsorption equipment affects the cycle period of the system, that is, the refrigerating capacity per unit time of the refrigerating system, so to improve the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating system and obtain higher COP, the adsorption capacity of the adsorption equipment and the adsorption capacity per unit time must be accelerated. A good adsorption device can be improved from various factors such as the structural design, the heat transfer characteristic of the adsorption working medium and the like, so that the adsorption capacity of the adsorption device per unit time is improved.
However, for large adsorption plants, the refrigerant tubes are of considerable length as they pass through the adsorbent material of the adsorption plant. Along with the increase of the flow, the heat loss and the pressure loss of the internal refrigerant are gradually increased, so that the heat transfer capability of the refrigerant to the outside is gradually obviously attenuated in the upward direction of the refrigerant flow, and the heat exchange capability between the refrigerant and the adsorbing material outside the refrigerant pipe is gradually reduced. And thus the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent material is also reduced. Thereby affecting the overall adsorption capacity of the adsorption equipment and the refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present disclosure to provide a multi-stage adsorption refrigeration method capable of reducing the problem of reduced adsorption capacity caused by heat loss and pressure loss of a refrigerant in an adsorption device, which can improve the overall adsorption capacity of the adsorption device, reduce the decay life of an adsorption material, improve the refrigeration capacity and service life of the refrigeration device, and further reduce the system cost by accurately selecting the adsorption capacity involved in refrigeration and heating according to the refrigeration capacity required by a user.
The invention provides a multistage adsorption refrigeration method, which comprises refrigeration equipment, wherein the refrigeration equipment comprises: a first adsorption bed and a second adsorption bed; the first adsorption bed comprises first adsorption equipment and first heat exchange equipment, and the second adsorption bed comprises second adsorption equipment and second heat exchange equipment; the refrigeration equipment also comprises a first four-way valve, a second four-way valve, a third four-way valve, a fourth four-way valve, a heat source and an air conditioner tail end; the heat source and the first four-way valve are respectively connected to a first-stage adsorber, a second-stage adsorber and a third-stage adsorber in second adsorption equipment through a refrigerant inlet pipe and a two-way valve and then connected to a second four-way valve through a refrigerant return pipe to form a loop; the heat source, the first four-way valve, the first-stage adsorber, the second-stage adsorber and the third-stage adsorber which are respectively connected to the first adsorption equipment through the refrigerant inlet pipe and the two-way valve and then pass through the refrigerantThe return pipe is connected to the second four-way valve to form a loop. The first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed are constructed in such a way that the second adsorption bed is desorbed when the first adsorption bed is used for adsorption, and the first adsorption bed is used for adsorption after the first round of adsorption and desorption is finished; first adsorption equipment, the one-level adsorber in the second adsorption equipment, the second grade adsorber, all pack in the tertiary adsorber has porous adsorption material, the refrigerant pipe passes between above-mentioned porous adsorption material granule, wherein, first-level adsorber in first adsorption equipment, the second adsorption equipment, all pack in the tertiary adsorber has porous adsorption material, the refrigerant pipe passes between above-mentioned porous adsorption material granule, wherein, the porous adsorption material's in first and the second adsorption equipment in respective one to the tertiary adsorber structure satisfies the following relation: space ratio K of primary adsorbers 4a, 5aFirst stage< space ratio K of two- stage adsorbers 4b, 5bSecond stage< space ratio K of three- stage adsorbers 4c, 5cThree-stageSo that the actual adsorption capacities of the first-stage adsorber, the second-stage adsorber and the third-stage adsorber are the same; detecting the temperature T1 of an inlet refrigerant at the downstream side of the third four-way valve at the tail end of the air conditioner and detecting the temperature T2 of an outlet refrigerant at the tail end of the air conditioner, wherein the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the tail end of the air conditioner is delta T1 which is T2-T1; in the refrigeration mode, the first adsorption bed adsorbs and the second adsorption bed desorbs: in the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed, when the delta T1 is smaller than C1, the upstream two-way valve of the first-stage adsorber, the upstream two-way valve of the second-stage adsorber and the upstream two-way valve of the third-stage adsorber in the first adsorption equipment and the second adsorption equipment are controlled to be opened, and the first-third-stage adsorbers of the first adsorption equipment and the second adsorption equipment participate in working to provide the maximum adsorption capacity. When the C1 is more than or equal to delta T1 is more than or equal to C2, the upstream two-way valves of the three-stage adsorbers in the first and second adsorption equipment are closed, and the first and second adsorbers of the first and second adsorption equipment participate in working. When the delta T1 is larger than or equal to C2, the upstream two-way valves of the two-stage adsorbers of the first and second adsorption equipment are closed, and only the first-stage adsorbers of the first and second adsorption equipment participate in working.
Further, in the refrigeration method of the present invention, in the heating mode, the second adsorption bed adsorbs and the first adsorption bed desorbs: when the delta T1 is larger than or equal to D2, the upstream two-way valve of the first-stage adsorber, the upstream two-way valve of the second-stage adsorber and the upstream two-way valve of the third-stage adsorber of the first adsorption equipment and the second adsorption equipment are controlled to be opened, and the first-stage adsorber and the third-stage adsorber of the first adsorption equipment and the second adsorption equipment participate in working to provide the maximum adsorption capacity. When D1 is less than or equal to delta T1 is less than D2, the upstream two-way valves of the three-stage adsorbers of the first and second adsorption equipment are closed, and the first and second-stage adsorbers of the first and second adsorption equipment participate in working. When the delta T1 is less than D1, the two-way valve upstream of the two-stage adsorbers of the first and second adsorption units is closed, and only the one-stage adsorbers of the first and second adsorption units participate in working.
Further, in the refrigeration method, in the refrigeration mode, the first heat exchange device, the third four-way valve, the tail end of the air conditioner and the fourth four-way valve are sequentially connected to form a loop to supply cold to a user; the second heat exchange equipment, the third four-way valve, the first adsorption equipment, the second four-way valve, the third heat exchange equipment and the fourth four-way valve are sequentially connected to form a loop.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall configuration diagram in a cooling mode of the cooling method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an overall configuration diagram in a heating mode of the refrigeration method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The multistage adsorption refrigeration method of the adsorption refrigeration equipment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1,
as shown in fig. 1, in the refrigeration method according to the present invention, the adsorption refrigeration apparatus 1 is a waste heat source type heat pump that can perform cooling or heating in a building or simultaneously perform cooling and heating in different spaces. The heat pump comprises a high-temperature heat source 2, an adsorption type refrigerator and an air conditioner tail end 3, wherein the adsorption type refrigerator comprises a first adsorption device 4, a second adsorption device 5, a first heat exchange device 6, a second heat exchange device 7, a third heat exchange device 8, first to fourth four-way valves 9 to 12 and a plurality of valves and temperature sensors 17 to 22.
The adsorption type refrigerating machine comprises two adsorption beds A and B, wherein the first adsorption bed A comprises a sealed container, the first adsorption equipment 4 and the first heat exchange equipment 6 are arranged in the sealed container, the second adsorption bed B comprises a sealed container, the second adsorption equipment 5 and the second heat exchange equipment 7 are arranged in the sealed container, when the first adsorption bed A is used for adsorption, the second adsorption bed B is used for desorption, and when the second adsorption bed B is used for a regeneration process, the first adsorption bed A is used for a desorption process.
Next, the structure and the operation flow of the first adsorption bed a and the second adsorption bed B of the present embodiment will be described.
As shown in fig. 1, the first adsorption equipment 4 in the first adsorption bed a has a refrigerant pipe 13 through which a working medium flows. The refrigerant pipe 13 is made of a metal (copper or a copper alloy in the present embodiment) having excellent thermal conductivity. The first adsorption equipment 4 further comprises at least three stages of adsorbers 4a/4b/4c, each of which has a box body filled with an adsorption material, and a refrigerant pipe 13 is respectively arranged in the adsorption materials of the adsorbers 4a, 4b and 4c through a two-way valve.
The second adsorption device 5 in the second adsorption bed B has a refrigerant pipe 14 for flowing the working medium. The refrigerant pipe 14 is made of a metal (copper or a copper alloy in the present embodiment) having excellent thermal conductivity. The second adsorption equipment 5 further comprises at least three stages of adsorbers 5a, 5b, and 5c, each of which has a box body filled with an adsorption material, and a refrigerant pipe 14 is respectively inserted through the adsorption materials of the adsorbers 5a, 5b, and 5c through a two-way valve.
In the refrigeration mode, the control device controls the directions of the first four-way valve 9, the second four-way valve 10, the third four-way valve 11 and the fourth four-way valve 12 to control the flow direction of the refrigerant, the refrigerant absorbs the heat of the heat source 2 and flows to the second adsorption equipment 5 through the refrigerant pipe 14, the refrigerant flows to the first-stage adsorber 5a, the second-stage adsorber 5b and the third-stage adsorber 5c through the inlet pipe and the three two-way valves respectively to release heat, namely, the first-stage adsorber 5a, the second-stage adsorber 5b and the third-stage adsorber 5c are sequentially arranged in parallel from the upstream to the downstream in the refrigerant flow. After the temperature of the refrigerant is reduced, the refrigerant returns to the heat source 2 through the return pipe and the second four-way valve 10 to absorb heat, so that circulation is formed.
The desorption process is performed in the second adsorption bed B. The adsorption material of the first-stage adsorber 5a, the second-stage adsorber 5b and the third-stage adsorber 5c in the second adsorption equipment 5 is heated, desorbed and desorbed, the dryness of the adsorption material is improved, and refrigerant steam desorbed from the adsorption material is condensed in the second heat exchange equipment 7 to release heat and is regenerated into liquid.
The first adsorption bed a is subjected to an adsorption process. The refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 15 of the second heat exchange device 7 absorbs heat and then enters the refrigerant pipe 13 of the first adsorption equipment 4 through the third four-way valve 11 and the first four-way valve 9, the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 13 sequentially flows to the first-stage adsorber 4a, the second-stage adsorber 4b and the third-stage adsorber 4c which are connected in parallel through the three two-way valves to continue absorbing heat and then is heated, namely the first-stage adsorber 4a, the second-stage adsorber 4b and the third-stage adsorber 4c are sequentially arranged in parallel from the upstream to the downstream in the refrigerant flow direction. The refrigerant after temperature rise flows to the third heat exchange device 8 through the second four-way valve 10, releases heat and reduces temperature, and then returns to the second heat exchange device 7 through the fourth four-way valve 12.
The dry adsorbents in the first adsorption equipment 4 of the first adsorption bed a release heat to adsorb the refrigerant, so that the pressure in the first adsorption bed a is reduced to evaporate the refrigerant in the first heat exchange equipment 6, the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 16 of the first heat exchange equipment 6 releases heat to reduce the temperature, and the cooled refrigerant flows to the air conditioner terminal 3 through the third four-way valve 11 to supply the cold to the user.
After the first round of adsorption and desorption, although not shown in the drawings, it can be understood by those skilled in the art from fig. 1 that the first adsorption bed a is switched to the desorption process and the second adsorption bed B is switched to the adsorption process by controlling the switching of the first to fourth four-way valves 9 to 12 in the adsorption refrigeration equipment of the present invention. The refrigerant flows in the first-stage adsorber 4a, the second-stage adsorber 4b, and the third-stage adsorber 4c inside the first adsorption equipment 4, and in the first-stage adsorber 5a, the second-stage adsorber 5b, and the third-stage adsorber 5c inside the second adsorption equipment 5.
In the heating mode, as shown in fig. 2, the control device controls the switching of the first four-way valve 9, the second four-way valve 10, the third four-way valve 11 and the fourth four-way valve 12 to control the direction of the refrigerant, the refrigerant absorbs the heat of the heat source 2 and flows through the refrigerant pipe 14 to the second adsorption equipment 5, the refrigerant sequentially flows through the three two-way valves through the inlet pipes to respectively flow to the first-stage adsorber 5a, the second-stage adsorber 5b and the third-stage adsorber 5c which are connected in parallel to release heat, and the refrigerant is cooled and then joins the refrigerant return pipe to return to the heat source 2 through the second four-way valve.
The desorption process is performed in the second adsorption bed B. The adsorbing material in the second adsorption equipment 5 is heated, desorbed and desorbed, the dryness of the adsorbing material is improved, and the refrigerant steam desorbed from the adsorbing material is condensed in the second heat exchange equipment 7 to release heat and is regenerated into a liquid state.
The refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 15 of the second heat exchange device 7 absorbs heat and then flows into the air conditioner terminal 3 through the third four-way valve 11 and the pump, and releases heat to the user.
The first adsorption bed a is subjected to an adsorption process. The refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 13 in the first adsorption equipment 4 flows into the first-stage adsorber 4a, the second-stage adsorber 4b and the third-stage adsorber 4c through the inlet pipe and the two-way valve respectively to absorb heat, then flows to the third heat exchange equipment 8 through the second four-way valve 10, releases heat in the third heat exchange equipment 8, then flows to the refrigerant pipe 16 in the first heat exchange equipment 6 through the fourth four-way valve 12, continues to release heat in the refrigerant pipe 16, and returns to the first adsorption equipment 4 through the third four-way valve 11, the pump and the first four-way valve 9 after temperature reduction, and continues to circulate.
The dry adsorbent in the first adsorption equipment 4 of the first adsorption bed a in the first adsorption bed 4a, the second adsorption apparatus 4b, and the third adsorption apparatus 4c exothermically adsorbs the refrigerant, and thus reduces the pressure in the first adsorption bed a, thereby evaporating the refrigerant in the first heat exchange device 6.
After the first round of adsorption and desorption, the first adsorption bed A is switched to the desorption process and the second adsorption bed B is switched to the adsorption process by controlling the switching of the first four-way valve 9-12 to the fourth four-way valve in the adsorption refrigerator. The flow direction of the refrigerant in each of the adsorbers in the first adsorption equipment 4 and the second adsorption equipment 5 is always constant.
The adsorption structure of the first adsorption apparatus 4 and the second adsorption apparatus 5 is described below. The first adsorption equipment 4 comprises a first-stage adsorber 4a, a second-stage adsorber 4b and a third-stage adsorber 4c, the second adsorption equipment 5 comprises a first-stage adsorber 5a, a second-stage adsorber 5b and a third-stage adsorber 5c, and adsorption materials are uniformly filled in the first-stage adsorber. The adsorption material is porous, space volume is formed among the material particles, and the space ratio K is the ratio of the space volume to the volume of the adsorber. When the space ratio of the adsorption material is too small, the amount of the refrigerant which can be adsorbed/desorbed by the adsorption material is also small, but the space ratio of the adsorption material is too large, the heat exchange capacity of the adsorption material is reduced, and the sufficient amount of the refrigerant cannot be adsorbed/desorbed. Thus, the density and the volume of the adsorbent material must be carefully balanced in order to obtain a suitable optimum performance value for both its heat exchange capacity and the amount of refrigerant adsorbed/desorbed, which is generally referred to herein as the theoretical adsorption capacity S of the first adsorption apparatus 4 and the second adsorption apparatus 5 as a whole.
Taking the schematic diagram of fig. 1 as an example, the refrigerant upstream of the first adsorption bed a flows through the inlet pipe and the two-way valve to the three-stage adsorbers, respectively, where the refrigerant absorbs heat from the adsorbent. The adsorption equipment in the prior art is only one stage, and generally comprises a box body, wherein adsorption materials are uniformly filled in the box body, a refrigerant pipe passes through the adsorption materials, and various parameters of the adsorption materials in the flowing direction of the refrigerant pipe, such as material, density and space ratio among material particles, are completely the same. Through a large number of experiments, researches show that the uniform adsorption structure in the prior art is one of the main factors causing the replacement of the adsorption material. When the flow of the refrigerant is increased along with the flow in the flowing direction, the pressure and the heat are obviously lost, the heat absorption capacity is obviously reduced, and the heat exchange capacity between the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe and the adsorption material is weakened. Meanwhile, among the adsorbent materials in the adsorption apparatus, the more the adsorbent material closer to the upstream actually releases heat, the larger the amount of adsorbed refrigerant, and the more the adsorbent material closer to the downstream actually releases heat, the smaller the amount of adsorbed refrigerant. This results in uneven actual adsorption capacity of the adsorbent material in the adsorption apparatus, an attenuation of the actual adsorption capacity S1 of the adsorbent material in the flow direction along the refrigerant pipe, uneven adsorption capacity levels, different service lives, and a decrease in the overall actual adsorption capacity of the adsorption apparatus less than the theoretical adsorption capacity S. When the adsorbent material on the downstream side is still in good condition and still usable, the adsorbent material on the upstream side has to be replaced, and its actual use cycle is also much shorter than its theoretical use cycle. This directly results in a reduction in the service life of the first adsorption device, an increase in the cost of the refrigeration system and a reduction in the capacity.
Therefore, the first adsorption equipment 4 and the second adsorption equipment 5 of the present invention are configured as shown in fig. 1, wherein the refrigerant pipe enters the upstream first- stage adsorbers 4a and 5a through the two-way valve along the flow path direction of the refrigerant pipe, and the pressure of the refrigerant entering the first-stage adsorbers from the refrigerant pipe is detected as P4a inlet、P5a inlet(ii) a The refrigerant firstly enters the secondary adsorbers 4b and 5b at the midstream through the two-way valve, and the pressure of the refrigerant entering the secondary adsorbers from the refrigerant pipe is detected to be P4b inlet、P5b inlet(ii) a Then the refrigerant enters the downstream three- stage adsorbers 4c and 5c through the two-way valve, and the pressure of the refrigerant entering the three-stage adsorbers is detected to be P4c inlet、P5c inlet。
Wherein, the structures of the porous adsorption materials in the first-stage adsorber to the third-stage adsorber in the first adsorption equipment 4 and the second adsorption equipment 5 both satisfy the following relations: space ratio K of primary adsorbers 4a, 5aFirst stage< space ratio K of two- stage adsorbers 4b, 5bSecond stage< space ratio K of three- stage adsorbers 4c, 5cThree-stage. And the inside of each adsorption device satisfies the following relations:
Ksecond stage＝KFirst stageexp(-(C/β)(PFirst-level inlet/PTwo-stage outlet-1)2)
KThree-stage＝KSecond stageexp(-(C/β)(PSecondary inlet/PThree-stage outlet-1)2)
KFirst stage、KSecond stage、KThree-stageThe space ratios of the refrigerant in the first or second adsorption equipment flowing to the first, second and third adsorbers respectively from the adsorbent; pFirst-level inlet、PTwo-stage outlet、PSecondary inlet、PThree-stage outletThe internal refrigerant pressure when the refrigerant pipe enters the first-stage absorber, passes out of the second-stage absorber, enters the second-stage absorber and passes out of the third-stage absorber is respectively set; c is the structural constant of the adsorbing material, beta is the adsorbent and the preparationA relation constant between refrigerants; therefore, the interiors of the first adsorption equipment and the second adsorption equipment flow upwards along the refrigerant, and the adsorption capacity of the porous adsorption materials of each stage of adsorber in unit time is practically the same.
Therefore, the invention realizes that the adsorption capacity of each part in the first and second adsorption equipment can not be influenced by the pressure loss and the heat loss of the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe by adjusting the space ratio K of each level of adsorber positioned at different positions in the refrigerant flow direction corresponding to the continuous loss of the pressure P and the heat of the refrigerant pipe in the first and second adsorption equipment. Therefore, the adsorption capacity of the adsorption equipment in unit time is integrally enhanced, the service life of the adsorption materials in the first adsorption equipment and the second adsorption equipment is further prolonged, frequent replacement is not needed, and the operation cost of the refrigeration system is reduced.
In the first- stage adsorbers 4a and 5a on the upstream side of the refrigerant in the first and second adsorption equipment 4 and 5, the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe has strong heat exchange capacity and the heat transfer speed is maximum, so that the compactness degree of the adsorption material is maximum, and the space ratio K between material particles is maximumFirst stageAnd minimum. In the downstream three- stage adsorbers 4c and 5c, the pressure and heat in the refrigerant pipe have large loss along with the flow, the heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant is weakest, and the heat transfer speed is minimum, so the space ratio K between material particlesThree-stageAt its maximum, the heat is less hindered between the adsorbent materials to help the adsorbent materials adsorb a greater amount of refrigerant. Therefore, the adsorption capacities of the adsorbers in each stage in the first adsorption equipment 4 and the second adsorption equipment 5 are not affected by the pressure loss and the heat loss of the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe, and can be uniform. Therefore, the adsorption capacity of the adsorption equipment is enhanced on the whole, and further, the service life of the adsorption materials in the first adsorption equipment 4 and the second adsorption equipment 5 is prolonged, frequent replacement is not needed, and the operation cost of the refrigeration system is reduced. Even if the use periods of the adsorption materials in the three stages of adsorbers are inconsistent, only the adsorption material of the stage can be replaced without replacing other two stages, so that the process and the cost for replacing parts are saved.
Further, the space ratios of the primary adsorbers 4a and 5a, the secondary adsorbers 4b and 5b, and the tertiary adsorbers 4c and 5c increase linearly.
Further, the space ratios of the primary adsorbers 4a, 5a, the secondary adsorbers 4b, 5b, and the tertiary adsorbers 4c, 5c are configured such that the actual adsorption capacities of the primary adsorbers, the secondary adsorbers, and the tertiary adsorbers are the same.
Further, the space ratios of the adsorbent in the first- stage adsorbers 4a and 5a, the second- stage adsorbers 4b and 5b, and the third- stage adsorbers 4c and 5c are linearly increased in the flow direction of the refrigerant. Therefore, the actual adsorption capacity of the inside of each adsorber in the refrigerant flow direction is also uniform.
Further, temperature sensors 17 and 18 are respectively provided at a refrigerant inlet pipe of the first adsorption equipment 4, that is, an inlet upstream of the primary adsorber 4a, and a refrigerant return pipe of the first adsorption equipment 4, that is, an outlet downstream of the primary adsorber 4 a. Temperature sensors 19 and 20 are respectively arranged on a refrigerant inlet pipe of the second adsorption equipment 5, namely an inlet at the upstream of the primary adsorber 5a, and a refrigerant return pipe of the second adsorption equipment 5, namely a downstream outlet of the primary adsorber 5 a. Temperature sensors 21 and 22 are respectively arranged on the refrigerant inlet and outlet pipes of the air conditioner tail end 3.
The refrigeration method of the invention not only has the actual adsorption capacity higher than the theoretical adsorption capacity value of the refrigeration equipment with the same specification, the use period of the adsorption material is long, and the energy efficiency of the refrigeration equipment is high, but also can judge the adsorption amounts required to be provided by the first adsorption equipment 4 and the second adsorption equipment 5 according to the refrigeration requirement of the refrigeration equipment and the actual refrigeration amount, and accurately control the adsorption amounts required to be provided by the first adsorption equipment 4 and the second adsorption equipment 5, thereby further improving the energy efficiency of the refrigeration equipment and reducing the cost of the refrigeration system. Specifically, one or more stages of the first- stage adsorbers 4a and 5a, the second- stage adsorbers 4b and 5b, and the third- stage adsorbers 4c and 5c may be selected and operated based on the temperature value detected by the sensor.
The refrigeration method of the present invention is described below. The temperature sensor 21 detects the temperature T1 of the refrigerant at the inlet of the air conditioner terminal on the downstream side of the third four-way valve 11, and the temperature sensor 22 detects the temperature T2 of the refrigerant at the outlet pipe of the air conditioner terminal 3, wherein the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the air conditioner terminal 3 is delta T1 which is T2-T1.
The adsorption refrigeration equipment 1 of the invention can judge the refrigerating capacity required by the air-conditioning room according to the temperature values detected by the temperature sensors 21 and 22, thereby accurately controlling the adsorption capacity required by the first adsorption equipment 4 and the second adsorption equipment 5, improving the service cycle of each level of adsorbers in the first adsorption equipment 4 and the second adsorption equipment 5 and improving the efficiency of the refrigeration equipment 1.
The refrigeration method specifically comprises the following steps of in a refrigeration mode, adsorbing by the first adsorption bed A and desorbing by the second adsorption bed B:
in the first adsorption bed A and the second adsorption bed B, when the delta T1 is less than C1, the upstream two-way valves of the first- stage adsorbers 4a and 5a, the upstream two-way valves of the second-stage adsorbers 4B and 5B and the upstream two-way valves of the third-stage adsorbers 4C and 5C are controlled to be opened, and the first-third adsorbers participate in working to provide the maximum adsorption capacity.
When the C1 is not less than delta T1 is less than C2, the upstream two-way valves of the three-stage adsorbers 4C and 5C are closed, and the first-stage adsorber and the second-stage adsorber participate in working.
When the delta T1 is larger than or equal to C2, the two-way valves at the upstream of the two- stage adsorbers 4b and 5b are closed, and only the one-stage adsorber participates in the work.
In the heating mode, the second adsorption bed B adsorbs and the first adsorption bed A desorbs:
when the delta T1 is larger than or equal to D2, the upstream two-way valves of the first- stage adsorbers 4a and 5a, the upstream two-way valves of the second- stage adsorbers 4b and 5b and the upstream two-way valves of the third- stage adsorbers 4c and 5c are controlled to be opened, and the first-stage adsorbers and the third-stage adsorbers all participate in working to provide the maximum adsorption capacity.
When D1 is not less than delta T1 is less than D2, the upstream two-way valves of the three- stage adsorbers 4c and 5c are closed, and the first-stage adsorber and the second-stage adsorber participate in working.
When the delta T1 is less than D1, the two-way valve at the upstream of the two- stage adsorbers 4b and 5b is closed, and only the one-stage adsorber participates in the work.
Further, the present invention uses an elongated adsorption device and three-stage adsorbers as an exemplary illustration, however, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the flow direction of the refrigerant pipe may be set in any direction and other multi-stage adsorbers may be set according to the requirement of refrigeration capacity. Any invention that reduces the loss of adsorption capacity by uniformly changing the characteristics of the adsorbent in the refrigerant flow direction to reduce the pressure loss and heat loss in the flow direction falls within the scope of the present disclosure.
In addition, terms used in any technical solutions disclosed in the present invention to indicate positional relationships or shapes include approximate, similar or approximate states or shapes unless otherwise stated. Any part provided by the invention can be assembled by a plurality of independent components or can be manufactured by an integral forming process.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A method of refrigerating a multi-stage adsorption refrigerating apparatus, wherein the refrigerating apparatus comprises: a first adsorption bed and a second adsorption bed; the first adsorption bed comprises first adsorption equipment and first heat exchange equipment, and the second adsorption bed comprises second adsorption equipment and second heat exchange equipment;
the refrigeration equipment also comprises a first four-way valve, a second four-way valve, a third four-way valve, a fourth four-way valve, third heat exchange equipment, a heat source and an air conditioner tail end;
wherein, the heat source is connected to a first-stage adsorber, a second-stage adsorber and a third-stage adsorber which are arranged in parallel in a second adsorption device through a refrigerant inlet pipe and a two-way valve respectively after passing through a first four-way valve and then connected to a second four-way valve through a refrigerant return pipe to form a loop; the heat source is connected to a first-stage adsorber, a second-stage adsorber and a third-stage adsorber which are arranged in parallel in the first adsorption equipment through a refrigerant inlet pipe and a two-way valve respectively after passing through the first four-way valve, and then is connected to a second four-way valve through a refrigerant return pipe to form a loop;
the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed are constructed in such a way that the second adsorption bed is desorbed when the first adsorption bed is used for adsorption, and the first adsorption bed is used for adsorption after the first round of adsorption and desorption is finished;
wherein, all pack porous adsorption material in first-order adsorber, second grade adsorber, the tertiary adsorber in first adsorption equipment, the second adsorption equipment, the refrigerant pipe passes between above-mentioned porous adsorption material, and the porous adsorption material's in the respective one to tertiary adsorber in first and the second adsorption equipment structure satisfies following relation: space ratio K of the first-stage adsorberFirst stageSpace ratio K of the second adsorberSecond stageSpace ratio K of the third adsorberThree-stageSo that the actual adsorption capacity per unit time of the primary adsorber, the secondary adsorber and the tertiary adsorber is the same;
detecting the temperature T1 of an inlet refrigerant at the downstream side of the third four-way valve at the tail end of the air conditioner and detecting the temperature T2 of an outlet refrigerant at the tail end of the air conditioner, wherein the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the tail end of the air conditioner is delta T1 which is T2-T1;
in the refrigeration mode, the first adsorption bed adsorbs and the second adsorption bed desorbs:
in the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed, when the delta T1 is more than C1, controlling the upstream two-way valve of the first-stage adsorber, the upstream two-way valve of the second-stage adsorber and the upstream two-way valve of the third-stage adsorber in the first adsorption equipment and the second adsorption equipment to be opened, and controlling the first-third-stage adsorbers of the first adsorption equipment and the second adsorption equipment to participate in working to provide the maximum adsorption capacity;
when the C1 is not less than or equal to delta T1 is more than C2, closing the upstream two-way valves of the three-stage adsorbers in the first and second adsorption equipment, and enabling the first and second adsorbers of the first and second adsorption equipment to participate in working;
when the delta T1 is larger than or equal to C2, the upstream two-way valves of the two-stage adsorbers of the first and second adsorption equipment are closed, and only the first-stage adsorbers of the first and second adsorption equipment participate in working.
2. A refrigeration process according to claim 1, wherein: in the heating mode, the second adsorption bed adsorbs and the first adsorption bed desorbs:
when the delta T1 is larger than or equal to D2, controlling the upstream two-way valve of the first-stage adsorber, the upstream two-way valve of the second-stage adsorber and the upstream two-way valve of the third-stage adsorber of the first and second adsorption equipment to be opened, and controlling the first-third-stage adsorbers of the first and second adsorption equipment to participate in working to provide the maximum adsorption capacity;
when D1 is not less than delta T1 is more than D2, closing the upstream two-way valves of the three-stage adsorbers of the first and second adsorption equipment, and enabling the first and second adsorbers of the first and second adsorption equipment to participate in working;
when the delta T1 is less than D1, the two-way valve upstream of the two-stage adsorbers of the first and second adsorption units is closed, and only the one-stage adsorbers of the first and second adsorption units participate in working.
3. A refrigeration process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and second adsorption apparatuses internally satisfy the following relationship:
Ksecond stage＝KFirst stageexp(-(C/β)(PFirst-level inlet/PTwo-stage outlet-1)2)
KThree-stage＝KSecond stageexp(-(C/β)(PSecondary inlet/PThree-stage outlet-1)2)
Wherein, KFirst stage、KSecond stage、KThree-stageThe space ratios of the refrigerant flowing to the respective adsorption materials of the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage adsorbers in the first or second adsorption equipment respectively; pFirst-level inlet、PTwo-stage outlet、PSecondary inlet、PThree-stage outletThe internal refrigerant pressure when the refrigerant pipe enters the first-stage absorber, passes out of the second-stage absorber, enters the second-stage absorber and passes out of the third-stage absorber is respectively set; c is the structural constant of the adsorbing material, and beta is the relation constant between the adsorbing material and the refrigerant; therefore, the interiors of the first adsorption equipment and the second adsorption equipment flow upwards along the refrigerant, and the adsorption capacity of each stage of adsorber in unit time is practically the same.
4. The refrigerating method as recited in claim 3, wherein in the refrigerating mode, the first heat exchanging device, the third four-way valve, the air conditioner terminal and the fourth four-way valve are connected in sequence to form a loop for supplying cold to the user; the second heat exchange equipment, the third four-way valve, the first adsorption equipment, the second four-way valve, the third heat exchange equipment and the fourth four-way valve are sequentially connected to form a loop.
5. The cooling method as claimed in claim 4, further comprising a heating mode, wherein the first heat exchange device, the third four-way valve, the first adsorption device, the second four-way valve and the third heat exchange device are sequentially connected through a refrigerant pipe to form a loop, and the second heat exchange device, the third four-way valve, the air conditioner terminal and the fourth four-way valve are sequentially connected to form a loop to supply heat to a user.
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