JPH08308144A - Portable battery with battery charger - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To prolong the service life of a secondary cell by providing a DC/DC converter, the output of which is balanced with the secondary cells in power, on the input side of the secondary battery between the output side of an electrical double layer battery and the secondary cells in the succeeding stage of the electrical double-layer battery and connecting the converter to the output of the electrical double-layer battery. CONSTITUTION: At the time of providing an electrical double layer battery 6 having the voltage/current characteristic of a capacitor in the succeeding stage of a solar cell 4, an impedance converting circuit 5 is provided for balancing the output power of the cell 4 with the power of the battery 6 and a DC/DC converter 7, the output of which is balanced with the power of secondary cells 8 provided in the succeeding stage of the cells 8, between the output side of the battery 6 and the cells 8. Therefore, the secondary cells 8 can be used continuously for a period of five or more years.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the production of a battery power source, and particularly to the production of a secondary battery that converts sunlight into electricity and stores the converted electricity. There is a battery called a solar battery that stores solar energy as electricity. A solar battery is a power supply that converts sunlight into electricity, stores it in a storage battery, supplies the stored electricity in small amounts to several types of transistor devices at the same time, and allows them to operate in parallel. is there.

Japanese call a cell for converting sunlight into electricity a "solar cell", which is a mistake. The cell has only the function of a converter that converts sunlight into electricity, and has no function of storing electricity. A storage battery is necessary to store the generated electricity. Solar cells are also a technology that started by reducing the ambiguity of this word.

The sun is centered on the equator on the earth, and is 6 north and south latitudes.
An average of 1 m ² (1 m × 1 m) of 1 KW of energy is poured in the range of 5 °. In order to convert this energy into electricity, semiconductor single crystals having an efficiency (conversion efficiency) of 15 to 16%, polycrystals having an internal or external rate of 14%, and amorphous (non-crystalline) having an efficiency (conversion efficiency) of 7 to 9% are used. When these are used to illuminate a domestic light bulb (100 W), a single-cell or poly-crystal cell light bulb produces a quantity of electricity that can shine in a 1 m ² cell while the sun is being poured. You can't light this bulb. From a cost perspective, which is the basis of these technologies, most single crystals are produced by first refining a polycrystal and then refining it through a process such as a pulling method. Higher than crystal. Even if the conversion efficiency is increased by 1-2% as described above,
The cost is usually more than double that of a polycrystalline cell.

On the other hand, in the case of amorphous, it reaches only half of the conversion efficiency type crystal. In the manufacturing process,
There is almost no cost difference between amorphous and polycrystalline. In addition, non-crystalline (amorphous) cells are subject to the disadvantage of deterioration over time, which is the deterioration of their characteristics over time. Then, in order to obtain the same performance, an area twice as large as the area of the polycrystalline cell is required. In contrast to the above-mentioned polycrystal having a conversion efficiency of 14% per 1 m ² which produces an electric energy of 130 to 140 W, the amorphous cell requires twice the cell plane of 2 m ² . That is, the costs do not match each other.

Currently, the electric power for electric lights and heavy industry is 100 to 20.
It is supplied by 0V AC commercial power supply. The source is
Hydropower, lime power, oil power, LPG power, or nuclear power. These energy sources are very large,
It is not a small energy that can be covered by each household. At the same time, it is too dangerous to use one by one at home. For this reason, it is installed on a large scale in a place away from private houses such as mountains, valleys and the sea, and the voltage is increased to 100V, 200V to deliver this energy to a long distance.
The current situation is that they are sent via power lines and distributed to homes and factories. If you do not do this, you will not be able to manage and the cost will not be cheap. We call this the centralized management method, and this management method is left up to the electric power company and the country.

On the other hand, the solar cell has one
For example, a cell of m ² has a conversion efficiency of 100%, but 100 W
Only 10 bulbs generate enough energy while the sun shines. This is adopted in homes and factories, where it is covered by power transmission lines and, if necessary, purchased by an electric power company. This method has its own definition, but from a technical point of view, the cost is too high, and it can only consume less than 20% of energy. In addition, countries like Japan that are well equipped for power transmission and distribution are rare in the world, and in neighboring China, many countries in Southeast Asia and the Middle East, such power transmission is completely impossible. It is difficult to live in a venue or in a mountain without wiring. Currently, in semiconductor circuits used in home appliances, memory devices are driven by 3.3V,
There are overwhelmingly many driver circuit elements that are driven by 5.5V. To operate these circuits, if a commercial power supply of 100V is used and the voltage / current of the IC circuit is 12V or less, a. There are legal restrictions under the law, and there are various restrictions on handling, and it is not allowed to tamper with it at home. B) If the transistor circuit has a PNP-NPN complementary configuration, unless the two have similar characteristics, an unbalanced current will be generated in the electrodes on the switching transistor side, resulting in a short circuit or a large current flow, resulting in a fire. An unintended phenomenon such as is sometimes happened. A large current flows in a power supply with a grounded transistor circuit element of PNP or NPN alone, so the power consumption is great, and sometimes the amount of this current becomes too large, and the circuit shorts or overcurrent flows to the load. This may short out.

Therefore, the most suitable power source for a transistor circuit depending on a voltage of 20 V or less and a current of 2 A or less is to generate electricity in a solar cell and use a solar battery that stores the electricity as a power source.

More specifically, a device using a semiconductor (most of which is driven by an electrode of 6 V or less), or a 12 V voltage like a car is used together with a cell. By loading a secondary battery (this secondary battery may also be used as a lead battery onboard an automobile), and a mechanism that is driven by a hybrid configuration with energy from gasoline-this is a unit without a wiring. It is called a distributed processing mechanism because it can be processed with the-, but in the case of the distributed processing system, the energy to move the equipment is several hundreds to several thousandths of the energy of the conventional centralized control system. Can cover most of it. In other words, in addition to the centralized management system, the power source using the solar battery technology is a decentralized processing system that is friendly to the equipment and can be used as a power source that does not require battery replacement for years and decades.
In that sense, a solar cell consumes about 1% of the total energy, and mainly 90% of semiconductor circuit equipment.
It is a technology that shines "bright" that can cover more than 100%.

[0009]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional technique, there is a system in which electricity from a silicon cell is stored in a lead acid battery or a nickel-cadmium battery for automobiles and the transistor device is operated by using this.
However, in this method, the secondary battery must be charged and discharged 400 times or less. Among the rechargeable batteries, the lead-acid battery electrode has a sulfate (PbSO
₄ ) Insulation layer is formed, so charging does not go as expected. Without strong charging, sulfate can not be decomposed. For this reason, the charge and discharge will be 200 times or less. The weight becomes heavy. In the case of a lead storage battery, it will be about 8 to 10 kg for 12V. Since the nickel-cadmium battery and the lithium battery have a limited number of charge / discharge cycles, the cost is high. And with this battery, charging from solar cells is almost impossible.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is intended to improve the above-mentioned deficiencies and significantly improves the life of a secondary battery.
The conventional secondary battery can be continuously used for 5 years or more.

[0011]

The portable battery with a battery charger according to the present invention has an output of a cell when an electric double layer battery having a voltage-current characteristic of a capacitor is installed in a subsequent stage of the cell which receives sunlight and generates electricity. An impedance conversion circuit is installed to measure the balance between the power and the power of the electric double layer battery, and the output side of the electric double layer battery is located between the rear secondary battery installed in the subsequent stage and the input side of the secondary battery. D with an output that balances this and power
A C / DC converter is installed and is connected to the electric double layer battery output.

[0012]

With the above-mentioned structure of the present invention, a practical and useful power source can be obtained.

[0013]

【Example】

(1) A solar battery cell is an element that converts sunlight into electricity. There is no storage capacity. Therefore, a separate secondary battery is required to store electric energy from sunlight. Lead acid batteries are typical secondary batteries. However, in general, the battery power source does not operate even if a lead storage battery is connected to the solar battery cell. The battery power source is not said to be the battery disclosed in this patent when it is continuously operated for one week or 10 days. Then what kind of battery is a power supply battery?
A power supply battery that can be operated for 3 to 5 years (30,000 hours or more in time) with a wireless telephone (mobile phone) operating using a secondary power supply of about 1 A as a power supply. By the way, a current wireless telephone normally has a semiconductor circuit current of 50 mA to 100 mA and a voltage of 5.5 V in a call state. 6V, 0.9 in this call state
A to 1A NiCd secondary battery, lithium secondary battery is 4
It only takes about time. Therefore, the voltage that can be received during standby is pulsed, and the power is reduced to about ⅕ of that at the time of operation so that it can last for 18 to 19 hours, so that two or more batteries (3 batteries are normal) are always available. , Sequentially 1
The current situation is that a battery charger from a 00V power supply is used to charge each time (normally over 8 hours). This makes it difficult to replace the battery, and it cannot be used continuously unless the secondary battery is replaced and recharged every day. In addition, these secondary batteries can only breathe (repeated charging / discharging) approximately 400 times, and should be replaced every day for only one year to 1.5 years. (2) A solar battery power source having a charging circuit diagram as shown in FIG. 1 appears here. What is important is that the power of the power supply side and the time constant are determined by the power of the load (10). For example, if it is a load secondary battery (9) of 6V, 0.9A, the power source secondary battery of the preceding stage (8) must be raised by 10 to 20% due to its power, It should have a power of about 7V to 7.2V, 1 to 1.1A. If so, the electric power of the electric double layer battery (6), which is the preceding stage, is 10% to 20% higher than that of the secondary battery, and 7.9 to 8.
6V, 1.1A to 1.3A or more must be used. For that purpose, the number of solar cells (4) is 10
A power source with a power of 1.5 A or more and 1.5 A or more must be used. Thus, (5) and (7) are, for example, impedance converters which are matched with the latter-stage circuits, and DC / DC between the electric double layer battery (6) and the secondary battery (8) has little relation to the input power. Need a converter. In addition, (1
Reference numeral 1) is a backflow prevention diode, (1) and (1) 'are cell output terminals, and (3) and (3)' are load battery terminals. In this case, when the power voltage value and the battery value are not uniform between the power source secondary battery (8) and the load secondary battery (9), of course, only the load secondary battery (9) is used.
Can be used as a secondary battery for power supply. Also, the cell (4)
2 has a folded structure as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), for example, the electric double layer battery, the secondary battery, all the elements including the semiconductor circuit and the wiring can be accommodated therein, and the entire size can be reduced. Since it is less than half, it becomes extremely convenient to carry. It should be noted that the excess battery supply current causes heat, and if this is prevented by incorporating an overcurrent prevention circuit as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 together with the impedance converters (5) and (7), a more stable secondary battery ( 9) Charging is performed. By the way, it is convenient to remember that a cell made of a polycrystalline semiconductor has a storage conversion efficiency of 14 to 15%, and an output of 1 W can be obtained with a cell of about 10 cm ² . (3) If necessary, in the impedance converter of (5), a circuit that short-circuits solar cells by SCR as shown in FIG. 3 to stop charging, or a circuit that stops charging by SCR short-circuiting as shown in FIG. Is adopted when the capacitor voltage drops and the charging transistor as shown in Fig. 5 is turned on.
A method of controlling the cell output by turning it off can be adopted. Here, in the circuit that short-circuits the solar cells by the SCR in FIG. 3 to stop charging, SCR1: For example, a 2A, 400V thyristor is used.
Withstand voltage does not need to be 400V, but a heat sink is required. ZD1: Constant voltage diode, adjustment is necessary because the rising characteristics are soft when the Zener voltage is lower than 6V. When R1: 100Ω and the holding current of SCR1 becomes 5 mA or less, SCR1 is turned off. D1: 2A, rectifier diodes of 100 V or more R ₂ , R ₃ : resistors for balancing the voltage of the capacitors, which are determined in consideration of leakage current at the time of charging, difference in capacity, and variation. It is important to select such as.

In FIG. 4, the normal charging operation is performed until SC1 is turned on, and when the zener voltage of the capacitor ZD2 becomes high, a part of the charging current flows to ZD2, but at about 0.5 mA. is there. When SCR1 turns on, T
r2 also turns on and collector current flows, but T
The base current of r1 is bypassed. When the voltage of the capacitor becomes lower than Vz of ZD2, Tr3 is turned off and Tr1 is turned off.
Turns on and bypasses the current of SCR1, so SCR1 turns off → Tr2 turns off → Tr1 turns off and charging resumes.
C may be necessary in order to delay the turning off of Tr1 a little.

[0015] When a low charging voltage of the capacitor At a Figure 5 Tr2, Tr3, Tr1 Tr4 is off through R ₁
Turns on to charge. The charging voltage of the capacitor rises and ZD1
When the Zener voltage becomes, the Tr3 and Tr4 turn on each other and operate as a switch. Turning on of Tr3 and Tr4 turns on Tr2 and turns off Tr1 to stop charging. When the charging voltage of the capacitor is lowered and becomes close to the Zener voltage of ZD2, the emitter current of Tr4 becomes almost zero and Tr3 and Tr4 are turned off respectively. Therefore, Tr2 is also turned off, Tr1 is turned on and charging is restarted. There is a case. This is to be installed if necessary due to the balance between batteries. (4) According to the Japan Meteorological Agency, the average daily sunshine time per day in Japan is 3.8 hours. Therefore, the power from the cell must be accumulated within the 3.8 hours, and for this purpose, an electric double layer battery which is a capacitor type battery is absolutely necessary. In short, a) it is necessary to charge the electric double layer battery from the cell rapidly. B) Overcurrent generates heat and requires bypass. C) Electric double layer batteries are prone to flatness, so voltage limitation is necessary. D) It is necessary to transfer all the energy of the electric double layer battery slowly to the next-stage battery (for example, NiCd secondary battery), keep it in the state from the usual time, and prepare for the next charging. (5) Further, such a circuit is required, as shown in FIG.
It may be connected to a C / DC converter.

[0016]

In summary, according to the portable power source with the battery charger of the present invention, 90% of the semiconductor electric equipment can be obtained.
The above can be handled in each home by distributed processing, and a power source that can be used as a part of the power source of a carrier vehicle such as the supply of instantaneous pulse voltage and current including the ignition of the vehicle can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a solar cell power supply diagram having a charging circuit diagram.

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a cell.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram for short-circuiting the solar cells by SCR to stop charging.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram for stopping charging due to an SCR short circuit.

FIG. 5 is an overcurrent prevention circuit diagram.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1,1 'Cell output terminal 3,3' Load battery terminal 4 Solar cell 5,7 Impedance converter 6 Electric double layer battery 8 Power supply secondary battery 9 Load secondary battery 10 Load 11 Reverse current prevention diode

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. To balance the output power of a cell and the power of the electric double layer battery when the electric double layer battery having the voltage / current characteristics of a capacitor is installed in the subsequent stage of the cell that receives sunlight and generates electricity. DC / DC which has an output that can balance the power of the electric double layer battery on the output side between the output side of the electric double layer battery and the rear stage secondary battery installed on the subsequent stage. A portable power supply with a battery charger that is equipped with a converter and is connected to the output of the electric double layer battery.