JPH07298517A - Portable power supply with battery charger - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the service life of a secondary battery by disposing an electric double layer cell in the post-stage of a solar cell, arranging secondary batteries in parallel and converting the outputs therefrom into pulses, combining the pulses into a high frequency composite pulse signal, and then feeding back the composite signal to the input side while converting it into DC power. CONSTITUTION:The power supply comprises a unit 8 for combining the output from an oscillator 9 with a pulse to produce a composite pulse, and an integrating circuit 10 for smoothing the composite pulse. A DC power supply 11 is fed back through a feedback circuit 12 to the input side of an electric double layer cell 3 and the electric capacity of the DC power supply 11 is one third or less that of a secondary battery 4. An electronic chopper 5 is disposed in the post-stage of the secondary battery 4 in order to convert DC power into pulses thus actuating the oscillator 9. It is combined again with pulses to produce high frequency mixture pulses 7 which are then returned through a smoothing circuit 10 back to DC power 11 and fed back through the feedback circuit to the input side of the electric double layer cell. This circuit enhances the service life of the secondary battery significantly.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a battery power source, and particularly to a secondary battery which converts sunlight into electricity and stores the converted electricity. There is a battery called a solar battery that stores solar energy as electricity.
A solar battery is a power supply that converts sunlight into electricity, stores it in a storage battery, supplies the stored electricity in small amounts, to a few types of transistor devices simultaneously, and allows them to operate in parallel. is there.

Japanese call a cell for converting sunlight into electricity a "solar cell", which is a mistake. The cell has only the function of a converter that converts sunlight into electricity, and has no function of storing electricity. A storage battery is needed to store the generated electricity. Solar cells are also a technology that started by reducing the ambiguity of this word.

The sun is centered on the equator on the earth, and is 6 north and south latitudes
An average of 1 m ² (1 m × 1 m) of 1 KW of energy is poured in the range of 5 °. To convert this energy into electricity, semiconductor single crystals having an efficiency (conversion efficiency) of 15 to 16%, polycrystals having an internal or external rate of 14%, and amorphous (non-crystalline) having an efficiency (conversion efficiency) of 7 to 8% are used. When these are used to illuminate a domestic light bulb (100 W), a single-cell or poly-crystal cell produces an amount of electricity that only one light bulb shines in a 1 m ² cell while the sun is being poured. Then it is impossible to light this light bulb. Comparing these from the viewpoint of cost, which is the basis of the technology, most single crystals are produced by first refining a polycrystal and then refining it through a process such as a pulling method. Higher than polycrystalline. Even if the conversion efficiency is increased by 1 to 2% as described above, the cost is usually more than double that of the polycrystalline cell.

On the other hand, the conversion efficiency of amorphous is only half that of polycrystalline. In the manufacturing process, there is almost no cost difference between amorphous and polycrystalline. Moreover,
Amorphous cells suffer from the disadvantage of deterioration over time, which is a characteristic that deteriorates over time. Then, in order to obtain the same performance, an area twice as large as the area of the polycrystalline cell is required. While the polycrystal having a conversion efficiency of 14% per 1 m ² described above produces electric energy of 130 to 140 W, the amorphous requires a cell plane of 2 m ^{2 which} is twice as large. That is, the costs do not match each other.

Currently, the electric power for electric lights and heavy industry is 100 to 20.
It is supplied by 0V AC commercial power supply. The source is
Hydropower, coal fired power, oil fired power, LPG fired power, or nuclear power. These energy sources are very large,
It is not a small energy that can be covered by each household. At the same time, it is too dangerous to use in each home. For this reason, it is installed on a large scale in a place away from private houses such as mountains, valleys and the sea, and the voltage is increased to 100V, 200V to deliver this energy to a long distance.
The current situation is that they are sent via power lines and distributed to homes and factories. If you do not do this, you will not be able to manage and the cost will not be cheap. We call this the centralized management method, and this management method is left up to the electric power company and the country.

On the other hand, the solar cell has one
For example, a cell of m ² has a conversion efficiency of 100% and is 100 W.
Only 10 bulbs generate enough energy while the sun shines. This is called electricity sale in homes and factories by transmitting and distributing electricity, and if necessary, selling cells, installing cells on the roofs and walls of homes, and having a power company buy some of the generated power during the day. It is adopted. This method is quite significant in its own way, but from a technical point of view, the cost is too high.
I can only cover less than% energy. Furthermore, a country like Japan that has excellent power transmission and distribution is rare in the world,
In neighboring countries such as China, many Southeast Asian countries, and the Middle East countries, such power transmission is completely impossible. Even if there is no wiring on the sea or in the mountains, its life is difficult. Currently, the majority of semiconductor circuits used in home appliances are those with 3.3V memory element drive and 5.5V driver circuit element drive, and it is 100V only to drive these circuits. Commercial power source is used. The AC voltage of 100 V is dropped and the amperage is converted to a DC power source for digital signals for use. When a commercial power supply of 100 V is used to reduce the voltage / current for IC circuits of 12 V or less, a) There are legal restrictions under the Electricity Business Law, and there are various restrictions on handling, and it is permissible to tamper with it at home. Not done. B) If the transistor circuit has a PNP-NPN complementary configuration, unless the two have similar characteristics, an unbalanced current will be generated in the electrodes on the switching transistor side, causing a short circuit or a large current flow, resulting in a fire. It may happen that an unintended phenomenon, such as PNP
Alternatively, a large current flows in a power supply of a grounded transistor circuit element of NPN alone, so that the power supply is heavily consumed. At times, this amount of current becomes too large, and the circuit shorts or overcurrent flows to the load. May be shorted.

Therefore, the most suitable power source for a transistor circuit depending on a voltage of 20 V or less and a current of 2 A or less is to generate electricity in a solar cell and use a solar battery that stores the electricity as a power source.

More specifically, a device using a semiconductor (most of which is driven by an electrode of 6 V or less), or a 12 V voltage like a car is used together with a cell. By loading a secondary battery (this secondary battery may also be used as an on-board lead battery), and a mechanism that drives it with a hybrid configuration with energy from gasoline-this is a single unit without wiring. It is called a distributed processing mechanism because it can be processed by the-, but in the case of-, the energy to move the equipment needs only a few hundredths / thousandth of the energy of the conventional centralized control system power supply, and most of it can be covered by the distributed processing mechanism power supply. Can be done. In other words, in addition to the centralized control system, the distributed processing system and the solar battery technology power source are equipment friendly and can be used as a power source that does not require battery replacement for years and decades. In that sense, the solar cell is a “shining” technology that can cover more than 90% of semiconductor circuit equipment with 1% of the total energy.

[0009]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional technique, there is a system in which electricity from a silicon cell is stored in a lead acid battery or a nickel-cadmium battery for automobiles and the transistor device is operated by using this. However, with this method, the secondary battery must be charged and discharged 400 times or less. Among the rechargeable batteries, the lead storage battery electrode has lead sulfate (PbSO
₄ ) An insulating layer is formed, which prevents charging from going as expected. Lead sulfate cannot be decomposed without strong charging. For this reason, the charge and discharge will be 200 times or less. Weight becomes heavy. 8kg for 12V in case of lead acid battery
It will be about 10kg. Since the nickel-cadmium battery and the lithium battery have a limited number of charge / discharge cycles, the cost is high.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is intended to improve the above-mentioned deficiencies and significantly improves the life of a secondary battery.
The secondary battery thus far can be continuously used for more than 5 years.

[0011]

A portable power source with a battery charger according to the present invention has an electric double layer battery having a voltage / current characteristic of a capacitor installed in a subsequent stage of a cell for receiving sunlight and generating power. A secondary battery is arranged in parallel with the battery, the output of the secondary battery is converted into a pulse, and one end of the output is passed through an oscillator and then combined with the pulse to form a pulse high frequency combined signal. After that, it is converted into direct current through a smoothing circuit, and the output is supplied to the input side of the electric double layer battery.

[0012]

With the above-mentioned structure of the present invention, a practical and useful power source can be obtained.

[0013]

The present embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Reference numeral 1 is a cell that converts sunlight into electricity, 2 is a backflow prevention diode, 3 is an electric double layer battery that is connected in parallel with the cell 1 and stores electricity sent from the cell, and 4 is a secondary battery such as a nicad battery. A battery 5 is a chopper for converting the DC output of the secondary battery into a pulse, 6 is an output waveform of the chopper 5, and 9 is an oscillator which oscillates by the output pulse 6, and it is generally desirable to oscillate at a frequency of several KHz. Reference numeral 8 denotes a combiner for generating a combined pulse by combining the output of the oscillator 9 and the pulse 6. This combiner 8 is effective for increasing the voltage by a transformer or the like. 10 smoothes the composite pulse, direct current 11
Is a smoothing integration circuit for generating. DC 11
Is fed back to the input side of the electric double layer battery 3 via the feedback circuit 12. As mentioned above, the electric capacity of the electric double layer battery is 1/3 or less of that of the secondary battery 4.

If so, it is not so useful. The voltage characteristic of the electric double layer is a characteristic of a capacitor known to humans, that is, a low-current type characteristic with a downward slope as shown in FIG. Therefore, the output of the cell 2 is set to 12 V or less and about 16 to 18 V so that the electric double layer battery 3 can store the output in a short time. By the way, if the electric capacity of the electric double layer battery 3 is 200F,

[0015]

[Equation 1]

Saturation is reached in about 14 minutes. By the way, a pure battery, such as a 12V lead battery for an automobile, can be charged at 5A.

[0017]

[Equation 2]

It takes about 3 hours and 7 to 8 hours for 2A charging, and it is a well-known matter for a person who owns a car to have to charge for 2 days. As described above, it is difficult for the electric double layer battery 3 to serve as a battery by itself at the present capacity. Of course 0.001
It can be used as a battery for internal and external A (1mA) watches and some liquid crystal products, but it is difficult for transistor devices of about 1A. For some reason it is like the calculation above

[0019]

[Equation 3]

This is because the battery will cease to function in about 20 minutes. Of course, if Mr. Omichi is out, it will be charged more than 1A, so this can be covered, but the point is the problem after sunset.

Therefore, the pure secondary battery must be taken care of. Secondary batteries such as NiCd secondary batteries are needed as main batteries. However, this secondary battery is best charged and discharged about 400 times. 1000
It seems that it can be used only once, but it does not currently exist and it does not match the cost at all. Speaking of about 400 times of charge and discharge is no good in one year or at most two years. Therefore, it is necessary to make the effective time of the secondary battery substantially long as shown in FIG. 3 by constantly performing the charging about 400 times while the charging power is low. For that purpose, an electronic chopper 5 is provided in the subsequent stage of the secondary battery 4 to convert direct current into a pulse 6 of 30 to 60 Hz, and based on the converted pulse 6, oscillation of 30 KHz or less is generated by an oscillator 9, and this is generated. The high frequency mixed pulse 7 is formed by combining the pulse 6 with the previous pulse 6 again. At this time, an arbitrary voltage can be set by a step-up transformer if necessary. The high-frequency mixed pulse 7 thus produced is returned to the direct current 11 by the smoothing circuit (integrating circuit) 10, and if this is fed back to the input side of the electric double layer battery via the feedback circuit, the electric double layer battery is supplied with the current from the cell. The output current is 1 / the output current of the secondary battery 4.
If it is set to about 4, if 3/4 of the direct current is supplemented by feedback, an effective current can be always supplied to the load 14 side.

Reference numeral 13 is a DC-DC converter, which is an IC recently used.
There are various types of converters for 1.5 V to 12 V output sold in Japan, so you can install them by reporting the load. Now let's talk about what happens if the NiCd secondary battery is about 1500F and the multi-layer battery is about 500F for electricity.

If 40 sheets of relicon polycrystallized cells having a conversion efficiency of 15% are used, it is assumed that a cell of 10 cm × 10 cm produces an output of 1.2 W (0.6 V × 2 A), and 40 sheets of 48 W ( 24V × 2A) is obtained. If this cell is folded in half and one of them is made up of 20 sheets, a box-shaped cell having a size of about 40 cm in length and about 50 cm in width and the size of a small attache case can be obtained. Batteries are 12
A small Ni-Cd battery with a voltage of about 2000F,

[0024]

[Equation 4]

It is full within 3 hours. On the other hand, since most semiconductor devices have a normal current of 1 A and a heavy pressure of 9 V, the average daily usage is

[0026]

[Equation 5]

And I do not have 13 hours.

Now, if the output of the waiting time of the semiconductor device is set to 1/3 of the time of exchanging information and a DC-DC converter with a time interval of 1/3 of DC is used, it can be continuously used for 27 hours. Furthermore, if Tendorama is shining, 500F,
Since it increases without a secondary battery, it can be used continuously for 24 hours. In the future, if the secondary battery electrode is improved and the holding energy of the battery is increased, it is expected that a solar battery power of 3 to 4 kg can provide a solar battery power source that is almost permanently operated for 7 years or more.

In the future, if a power source for a laptop computer that consumes a voltage of 6V3A can be made of a solar battery,

[0030]

[Equation 6]

A solar battery with a capacity of is required.

If the time when the personal computer is not operating is reduced to 1/3 of the normal time, this solar battery power source can sufficiently cover the demand.

[0033]

In summary, according to the portable power source with the battery charger of the present invention, 90% of the semiconductor electric equipment can be obtained.
By the distributed processing, the above can be used in each home, and a power source that can be used as a part of the power source of the carrier vehicle such as the supply of instantaneous pulse voltage and current including the ignition of the vehicle can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a portable power supply with a battery charger of the present invention.

2 is a voltage characteristic of the electric double layer battery 3. FIG.

FIG. 3 shows voltage characteristics of the pure secondary battery 4.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 cell 3 electric double layer battery 4 secondary battery 8 synthesis 9 oscillator 10 integrating circuit 11 direct current 12 electric double layer input side feedback

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Internal reference number for FI Technical indication H01L 31/04 H02J 1/00 306 L 7429-5G 9/06 505 C H01L 31/04 Q

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An electric double layer battery having a voltage / current characteristic of a capacitor is installed in a subsequent stage of a cell that receives sunlight and generates electricity, and a secondary battery is arranged in parallel with the electric double layer battery, and the secondary battery is used. After converting the battery output into a pulse, one end of the output is passed through an oscillator and then combined with the pulse to form a pulse high frequency synthesized signal, which is then converted into a direct current through a smoothing circuit, and the output is A portable power supply with a battery charger, which is supplied to the input side of the electric double layer battery.