JPH0829315A - Method and apparatus for measuring physical property of material liquefied by vibration - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To dynamically and easily measure physical property of a material to be liquefied by vibration and presenting a state of a viscoelastic body, for example, a hard mixed or superhard mixed concrete, in a process of compaction by vibration. CONSTITUTION:Material liquefied by vibration such as hard mixed or superhard mixed concrete is placed in a transparent container 3 fixed on a vibration table 2 and the transparent container 3 is vibrated together with vibration table 2 to monitor a gap on the surface of the material through the transparent container 3 while a fixed prefectural load is applied to the material and time is measured as taken until the gap vanishes. A hanging spherical body 4 is buried into the material to detect a vertical displacement thereof.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the properties of viscoelastic materials such as hard or super hard concrete having a low water / cement ratio, concrete, earth and sand, polymer materials and foods which are fluidized by applying vibration. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring physical properties of a substance to be presented.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In forming "hard mixed concrete" or "ultra hard mixed concrete" whose unit water content is significantly smaller than that of ordinary concrete, a vibration compaction method in which vibration and loading are simultaneously applied is adopted. (For example, see Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-36305, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 57-42635, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 25303/1990). According to this method, at least the amount of cement paste can reduce the aggregate interval to increase the adhesive strength, so that the required strength can be obtained with a small amount of cement and the original quality of concrete can be improved. In addition, it is very advantageous for factory production, such as economic efficiency by immediate demolding, adaptability to diversification of production, and adaptability to automation of production.

Regarding ordinary concrete, various methods for measuring the physical properties (viscous resistance, consistency, etc.) have already been proposed, and although few are satisfactory, a certain degree of accuracy has been obtained. However, the measurement method used for ordinary concrete can be realized because the fresh concrete itself flows into a liquid from the beginning, and at first, it looks like a granular material, and is compacted by vibration. It cannot be applied to hard-mixed or ultra-hard-mixed concrete that does not liquefy unless

[0004] In such hard-mixed or ultra-hard-mixed concrete, it is almost meaningless to grasp the physical properties in the state of powder particles before the vibration compaction, and the physical properties in the vibration compaction process are dynamically grasped. For the first time, its nature can be understood. In particular, in order to achieve the desired strength and workability at the same time, it is important to confirm the end of liquefaction and to know the exact time of completion of vibration compaction.

Despite the advantages described above of hard-mixed or ultra-hard-mixed concrete, conventionally, there was no method for appropriately measuring the physical properties in the vibration compaction process, so that the vibration compaction conditions were set. I had to rely on human experience and intuition to adjust the composition, select the aggregate, and so on.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to determine the physical properties of a substance, such as hard-mixed or ultra-hard-mixed concrete, that is liquefied by vibration and exhibits the properties of a viscoelastic body during the vibration compaction process. Another object of the present invention is to provide a measuring method and a measuring device that can measure easily and easily.

[0007]

In the method according to the invention,
Put a substance that is liquefied by vibration such as hard or super hard concrete into a transparent container fixed on a vibration table, while vibrating this transparent container together with the vibration table and applying a constant top load to the substance. , Monitor the voids on the surface of the substance through a transparent container and measure the time until the voids disappear.

The main feature of the present invention is to perform such monitoring and measurement, but in order to guarantee this, the following measurement is also performed in parallel with this. The suspended spherical body is embedded in a substance and its vertical displacement is detected. In this case, it is preferable that the weight of the spherical body is balanced with the equilibrium weight, and the spherical body is floated by the buoyancy caused by the liquefaction of the substance. Further, the vibration in the substance may be detected by a vibration sensor attached to the spherical body. In the present invention, the “spherical body” is not limited to a literal spherical body, but also includes a deformed body of a sphere (for example, an elliptical sphere) and a polyhedron.

An overload is applied to the substance by a pressurizing body which can be displaced in the vertical direction with respect to the transparent container, and the displacement of the pressurizing body in the vertical direction is detected. In this case, the vibration of the pressure body may be detected.

The transparent container is made of glass, hard transparent plastic or the like. However, if the inner surface of the transparent container is damaged by hardening concrete or the like, its transparency is impaired. Therefore, if a transparent sheet is detachably attached to the inner surface of the transparent container for measurement and the transparent sheet is replaced, the transparency of the transparent container can be maintained even if the measurement is repeated.

The measuring device according to the present invention comprises a transparent container whose upper surface is opened for containing a substance that is liquefied by vibration, a vibration table on which the transparent container is mounted and fixed in order to vibrate, and a transparent container inside the transparent container. A pressurizing body that can be displaced in the vertical direction relative to this transparent container to apply a top load to the substance, a spherical body, and the spherical body can be vertically displaced while being embedded in the substance in the transparent container The suspension mechanism for suspending the balance, the balance weight for balancing the weight with the spherical body through the suspension mechanism, and the vertical displacement of the spherical body by detecting the displacement of the balance weight or the suspension mechanism. It consists of a spherical body displacement sensor that detects outside the transparent container.

The following means can be further added to this measuring device. A pressurizing body displacement sensor for detecting the displacement of the pressurizing body in the vertical direction is provided. A vibration sensor for detecting vibration of the pressure body is provided. The pressure body is suspended by the suspension mechanism. A vibration sensor for detecting vibration in the substance is provided inside the spherical body. The transparent container has a separable structure.

[0013]

In the present invention, a transparent container is used, and a substance which is liquefied by vibration is put in the transparent container. While vibrating the transparent container together with the vibrating table and applying a constant top load to the substance, the voids on the surface of the substance. Is observed through a transparent container, the time until the surface void disappears is measured, and this time is estimated as the end time of liquefaction. The grounds for establishing such an assumption and the development process of the present invention leading up to the derivation will be described, and the significance of the present invention will be clarified.

Prior to the development of the present invention, the present inventor provided a method and apparatus intended for the same purpose as the present invention, and has already filed a patent application therefor (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-3455).
09). In this, a vertically long cylindrical container imitating a molding die is used, and a substance (super-hard concrete) that is liquefied by vibration is put into this vertically long cylindrical container, and the spherical body suspended by the suspension mechanism is placed in the substance. The vertical displacement of the spherical body and the pressurizing body is detected outside the container at the same time while being embedded and vibrating the vertically long cylindrical container together with the vibrating table, and applying a constant top load to the substance by the suspended pressurizing body. , The vibration in the substance is detected by the vibration sensor built in the spherical body. Then, from the correlation of the detection data simultaneously obtained in this way, it is possible to accurately and easily measure the onset time and the end time of the liquefaction of the substance and the completion time of the compaction,
In addition, we have already obtained the knowledge that the viscosity coefficient can be obtained relatively accurately.

On the basis of this, the present inventor has conducted further research to make a vertically long cylindrical container transparent and to add cemented concrete to this, and to see through the transparent container the changes in the voids on the concrete surface during vibration. When various experiments were carried out repeatedly while monitoring and changing the water / cement ratio, it was confirmed that the time when the surface voids disappeared was consistent with the time when the liquefaction was completed as a result of the measurement by the previously developed method. , When the vertical displacement of the spherical body is detected, the levitation speed of the spherical body levitated due to the liquefaction of concrete will be temporarily slowed down. The present invention has been devised as a result of the new finding that they agree with each other. That is, the vibration is
Although it is transmitted vertically through the concrete from the bottom of the transparent container and is transmitted through the concrete to reach the upper loading, the void on the concrete surface in contact with the inner surface of the transparent container is from the lower end of the surface to the upper end (load due to the loading). Pressure surface)
The state of voids of the entire length up to is shown at once, and the disappearance of the voids is a surface phenomenon at the end of liquefaction along the entire length of the concrete in the vertical direction. As a result of being supported by the present invention, the present invention has been reached.

The fact that the liquefaction of concrete is completed means that it is in a state suitable for pressure molding, that is, it becomes workable. Therefore, for example, the time from when concrete is poured to when the voids on the concrete surface disappear. (Sec) can be used as the value of the consistency of the concrete. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to extremely easily realize the measurement of the consistency, which has not been available until now for the hard kneading or the super hard kneading concrete (so-called vibrating concrete) which is compacted by vibration. Moreover, since it is possible to know when the liquefaction is completed in the entire length of the concrete in the vertical direction, it is possible to obtain a workable concrete molded product with a constant degree of compaction.

Further, in the present invention, in order to secure the reliability of the measurement accuracy, the result of the previously developed method is utilized in the present invention as well, and at the same time when the surface void is monitored, the spherical body embedded in the substance is observed. In the vertical direction, the vertical displacement of the pressurizing body, the vibration in the substance, the vibration of the pressurizing body, etc. are detected in parallel. For example, if the vertical displacement of the spherical body is also detected at the same time, the end time of liquefaction of concrete should be confirmed and checked from the two phenomena of the floating behavior of the spherical body and the disappearance of voids on the concrete surface. Reliability increases.

[0018]

EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention and experimental results thereof will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a first example of the measuring device according to the present invention. In this measuring device, a transparent container 3 is fixed on a vibration table 2 to which a pair of vibrators 1 are attached. Further, the spherical body 4 is suspended from a frame (not shown) by the suspension mechanism 5, and the pressure body 6 is suspended from the same frame by the suspension mechanism 7. The vibration table 2 is horizontally supported on a base 10 via a plurality of dashpots (buffer dampers) 8 using pneumatic cushions and a plurality of support springs 9. When the vibrating table 2 is vibrated by the vibrating machine 1, the transparent container 3 also vibrates integrally with it.

In the case of this example, the transparent container 3 imitates a concrete molding die, and has a vertically long cylindrical shape with an open top and a closed bottom. This transparent container 3
It is advisable to adopt a separable split structure as shown in FIG. 2 so that the concrete after compaction can be easily taken out. In the figure, the transparent container 3 comprises two semi-cylindrical parts 3a made of transparent glass or transparent plastic.
3b are joined to each other, and these can be detachably fixed together with the circular circular bottom plate 11 made of steel on the vibration table 2 by a fixing fitting (not shown). Semi-cylindrical part 3a ・ 3
b is a joint projection 1 provided on both vertical edges of the outer surface thereof.
The two are separably joined together by aligning them and passing a bolt through these matching holes 13 and tightening them with a nut. A joining step portion 14 is formed on both vertical edge surfaces of the semi-cylindrical portions 3a and 3b. In addition, the bottom plate 11 has
A shallow recess 15 is formed into which the lower ends of the two semi-cylindrical portions 3a and 3b joined to form a cylindrical shape are fitted. Furthermore,
The transparent container 3 is provided with a steel hopper 16 which can be detachably attached to the upper ends of the cylindrical semi-cylindrical parts 3a and 3b in order to facilitate the injection of concrete.

In the present example, the spherical body 4 is a plastic sphere or a metal sphere having a smooth surface. The pressurizing body 6 has a thick disk shape with an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the transparent container 3,
It can be freely inserted into the transparent container 3 while being suspended by the suspending mechanism 7. In the center of the pressure plate 6, a small hole 17 that penetrates vertically is provided.

The suspending mechanism 7 is provided with the first frame on the frame.
The two pulleys 18, 18 of the set are rotatably supported on the same axis line, and the two pulleys 19, 19 of the second set are similarly rotatably supported on the same axis line. The lower ends of the two vertical portions 20a, 20a of the wire 20 suspended from the two pulleys 18, 18 of the first set are connected to the upper surface of the pressurizing body 6, and these two vertical portions 20a, 20a are connected. While the pressurizing body 6 is hung so that it can be held in a horizontal state by the portions 20a, 20a, the other two vertical portions 20b of the wire 20 hung from the two pulleys 19, 19 of the second set.
The suspension vehicle 21 is hung from a portion where 20b is continuous in a U shape. An overhead load adjusting weight 23 can be detachably suspended from the shaft 22 of the suspension vehicle 21. In the middle of the two vertical portions 20a, 20a of the wire 20 hanging from the two pulleys 18, 18 of the first set, a spring 2 is provided to insulate the vibration transmitted from the pressure body 6.
4 and 24 are interposed.

On the other hand, the suspension mechanism 5 for the spherical body 4 hangs one wire 27 on the two pulleys 25 and 26 pivotally supported by the frame, and the vertical portion 27a of the wire 27 suspended from the pulley 25 is fixed. The spherical body 4 is connected to the lower end of the vertical portion 27a by being inserted through the hole 17 of the pressurizing body 6, while the pulley 26 is used to reduce the weight of the spherical body 4 in the air to zero.
The balance weight 28 is detachably connected to the lower end of the vertical portion 27b of the wire 27 suspended from the. Pulley 19
A spring 29 is interposed in the middle of the vertical portion 27a of the wire 21 that is hung down from the wire 21 in order to insulate the vibration transmitted from the spherical body 4.

A vibration sensor 30 for detecting the vibration propagating through the concrete is mounted on the upper surface of the pressurizing body 6, and a vibration sensor 31 is mounted on the vibration table 2 for detecting the excitation vibration of the vibrator 1. Has been. In this example, acceleration sensors are used as the vibration sensors 30 and 31.

Further, the frame is provided with a first laser displacement meter 32 for detecting the vertical displacement amount of the balance weight 28.
And a second laser displacement meter 33 for detecting the amount of vertical displacement of the weight 23 for adjusting the top load, respectively, are fixed at predetermined height positions. The balance weight 28 rises by the amount of displacement when the spherical body 4 descends, and descends by the amount of displacement when the spherical body 4 rises. Therefore, the first laser displacement meter 32
Will indirectly detect the vertical displacement of the spherical body 4 outside the transparent container 3. Further, the weight 23 for adjusting the top load is raised by the displacement amount when the pressurizing body 6 is lowered, and is lowered by the displacement amount when the pressurizing body 6 is raised. The vertical displacement of the pressure body 6 is indirectly detected.

The physical properties of hard-mixed or ultra-hard-mixed concrete are measured by the measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 1 as follows.

In order to protect the inner surface of the transparent container 3, a transparent plastic sheet such as an OHP sheet is attached to the inner surface,
Further, the wire 2 is provided outside the transparent container 3 so that the spherical body 4 maintains the suspended state at a predetermined height position in the empty transparent container 3.
Fix 7 temporarily. In this state, the granular granular fresh concrete 34 is put into the transparent container 3, and when the spherical body 4 is completely embedded in the fresh concrete 34, the wire 27 is released from the fixed state and the spherical body 4 is placed in the fresh concrete 34. After releasing, the fresh concrete 34 is poured into the transparent container 3 to a predetermined height. Then, after the vibrator 1 is activated, the pressing body 6 is placed on the fresh concrete 34, and while the concrete 34 in the transparent container 3 is vibrated and compacted, the transparent container 3 is monitored for the voids on the concrete surface. At the same time, the vibration of the pressure body 6 is detected by the vibration sensor (acceleration sensor) 30.
The vibration sensor (acceleration sensor) 31 detects the vibration of each of them, and the laser displacement meter 32 measures the vertical displacement of the balance weight 28, and the laser displacement meter 33 measures the vertical displacement of the top load adjusting weight 23. The signals from these sensors and displacement gauges are respectively detected and analyzed by the computer 35 in real time, and the data 36 are displayed on the display device 36.
Displayed on the screen of.

The following experiment was conducted by such a method. In this case, the inner diameter (diameter) of the transparent container 3 is 150 m
m, the height is 300 mm, the diameter of the spherical body 4 is 38 mm, the volume is 28.73 cc, and the weight of the pressing body 6 is 13.
The applied pressure was adjusted to 5 kg, and the applied load was adjusted to 0.038 kg / cm ² by the weight 23. The vibration frequency of the vibrator 1 was 85 Hz, the acceleration was 12 G, and the fresh concrete 34 having a water / cement ratio of 38% was charged into the vibrating transparent container 3 in two batches in about 25 seconds. The spherical body 4 was released 30 seconds after the introduction was started, and the pressure body 6 was placed on the concrete 34 40 seconds later.

FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show the measurement data of this experiment, and FIG. 3 (A) shows the detected waveforms of the vibration sensor and the laser displacement meter displayed on the screen of the display device 36. (1) is the displacement of the spherical body 4 by the laser displacement meter 32, (2) is the displacement of the pressure body 6 by the laser displacement meter 33, (3) is the detection waveform of the acceleration amplitude of the pressure body 6 by the vibration sensor 30. Each of them is shown, and the horizontal axis represents the time from the start of concrete injection in 20 seconds per scale, and the vertical axis represents the height of the detected waveform in 5 mm per scale. In addition, FIG. 5B is a copy of the state of the concrete surface monitored through the transparent container 3 at each time point. FIG. 3 shows 60 seconds after the concrete is put, FIG. 4 shows 160 seconds, and FIG. It shows the situation when the time slightly exceeds 200 seconds. It should be noted that the vibration waveform excited by the vibration sensor 31 is omitted in FIG.

FIG. 3 shows a state immediately after the pressurizing body 6 is placed on the concrete. As shown in FIG. 3A, the pressurizing body 6 drastically descends and a large vibration is applied to it.
The spherical bodies 4 also rapidly settle. At this time, a large number of large random voids remained on the concrete surface as shown in FIG. In addition,
In the figure (A), a on the time axis is the time when the spherical body 4 is released, and b is the time when the pressure body 6 is placed on the concrete. FIG. 4 shows a state in which concrete is liquefied, and from this time, the descending speed of the pressurizing body 6 becomes gentle, and the spherical body 4 once stops its sedimentation and floats up (time point c). The vibration applied to is small. At this time, some small voids remain on the concrete surface. FIG. 5 shows the state at the end of the liquefaction of concrete, in which the pressing body 6 continues to descend slowly, and the spherical body 4 temporarily stops ascending and its levitation curve is refracted (time point d). The vibration applied to the body 6 becomes larger than that when liquefaction occurs. At this time, the voids on the concrete surface disappear over the entire length from the lower end to the upper end. After this, although not shown, the pressure body 6 continues to descend gently, while the spherical body 4 gently floats, and the vibration applied to the pressure body 6 remains almost unchanged.
The concrete surface became dense with no voids.

As shown in FIG. 5, the time when the void on the concrete surface disappears coincides with the time when the levitation curve of the spherical body 4 is refracted, so it is estimated that the disappearance of the void is the end time of liquefaction. be able to. After the vibration compaction was completed, the transparent container 3 was disassembled, and the protective plastic sheet attached to the inner surface thereof was taken out together with the concrete. As a result, numerous scratches were almost uniformly generated on the surface of the plastic sheet. From this, the plastic sheet can be used as a material for follow-up investigation of the compaction process or the degree of compaction of concrete from the aspect of scratches remaining on the surface, in addition to the use as the inner surface protection of the transparent container 3. is there.

When the spherical body 4 is used, it is possible to know the liquefaction process of the vibrating concrete from the change in its levitation as described above. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a highly reliable measurement by comparing with the surface phenomenon of void disappearance. However, since the experiment is performed in a state where the spherical plate 4 is embedded in concrete, the concrete molded product obtained by the experiment cannot be used as a test piece of the product as it is. Therefore, first use the spherical body 4, and after obtaining confirmation that the time point of disappearance of voids on the concrete surface coincides with the refraction time of the levitation curve of the spherical body 4, this time, without using the spherical body 4, the vibration is tightened under the same conditions. If the time of disappearance of voids on the concrete surface is measured by compaction, the concrete molded product will be confirmed in advance for the accuracy of the consistency value in the compaction process, and the completion of liquefaction will be confirmed, and the concrete will be completely compacted. It can be provided as a workable, constant-quality test piece that has obtained a certain degree of compaction after completion of compaction. Therefore, the spherical body 4
Detecting the displacement of, while ensuring the reliability of the measurement accuracy by monitoring the disappearance of voids, is advantageous in more reliably obtaining workable concrete, in the basic configuration of the present invention, The displacement detection of the spherical body 4 is not essential.

Further, if the end time of liquefaction is known, the required time after that, that is, the minimum vibration application time until the desired strength is obtained can be selected relatively easily, which is also useful for the judgment of workability.

Next, FIG. 6 shows a second measuring device according to the present invention.
Here is an example. This measuring device detects vibrations in concrete, so that a vibration sensor (acceleration sensor) is provided in the spherical body 4.
The built-in 37 is different from the first example shown in FIG. 1, and the others are the same. FIG. 7 shows an experiment similar to that of the first example for the fresh concrete having a water / cement ratio of 38% by the measuring apparatus of the second example (the first example except that the vibration sensor 37 detects the acceleration amplitude of the concrete). The conditions are the same) and the detected waveforms are shown.
Also in this case, the displacement (1) of the spherical body 4, the displacement (2) of the pressurizing body 6, and the acceleration amplitude (3) of the pressurizing body 6 show the same transitions as in the first example. The voids on the concrete surface disappeared at time d when the curve was bent. Further, the acceleration amplitude of the concrete detected by the vibration sensor 37 is large from the time (b) when the pressurizing body 6 is placed on the concrete to the time (d) when the liquefaction is finished, but is attenuated with the end of the liquefaction. However, after the completion of the liquefaction (d), the size became almost the same. The legend on the left side of the vertical axis in the figure shows the standard of the size of each waveform as a legend. FIG.
Shows the same experiment as above with concrete having a water / cement ratio of 35%, and FIG. 9 shows the same experiment with concrete having a water / cement ratio of 36%. .

In both the measuring device of FIG. 1 and the measuring device of FIG. 6, the viscosity coefficient of the concrete 34 can be obtained from the floating speed of the spherical body 4 as follows. That is, the average floating speed of the spherical body 4 is, for example, that of the concrete 3
4 is given by the time t from the liquefaction manifestation time to the time when the compaction is almost completed and the displacement amount h at that time t, which is h / t. This is regarded as the relative velocity between the spherical body 4 and the concrete 34. It can be changed. Concrete 3 during this period
4 exhibits the properties of a viscoelastic body, and the spherical body 4 rises vertically in this, so that the following formula that is established when the spherical body makes a linear motion in a flow of an extremely small Reynolds number can be applied.

F = 3πμUD where F is the pulling force (N) of the sphere, and μ is the viscosity coefficient (K
N · s · m ⁻² ), U is the relative velocity between the sphere and concrete (m · s ⁻¹ ), D is the diameter of the sphere (m), and π is the circular constant. F can be replaced by buoyancy acting in concrete when the spherical body 4 rises only by buoyancy.

In the above description, as the substance that is liquefied by vibration, hard-mixed or ultra-hard-mixed concrete having a low water / cement ratio has been taken as an example. And polymer materials and foods, and the present invention can be applied to these substances.

[0038]

The effects of the present invention are listed below. (1) For a substance that is liquefied by vibration such as hard-mixed or super-hard-mixed concrete, the liquefaction end time can be measured very easily. (2) In the case of concrete, the consistency value of the concrete can be determined by the time (seconds) from the time when the concrete is poured into the time when the voids disappear on the concrete surface. Can very easily realize consistency measurement, which has never been available before.

(3) When a spherical body is embedded in a substance and its vertical displacement is detected, the end of the liquefaction can be grasped from the change in its levitation. Therefore, highly reliable measurement can be performed. (4) From the behavior of the spherical body, the process of liquefaction can be grasped moment by moment to estimate the onset and end times of liquefaction, and the progress of compaction and changes in viscosity can be dynamically calculated. Can be captured, in the case of concrete,
It is possible to know the relationship between the workability and the timing of the onset and termination of liquefaction due to vibration compaction. (5) Since the velocity is obtained from the displacement of the spherical body, it is possible to measure the viscosity coefficient during the compaction process.

(6) By detecting the displacement of the pressurizing body to which the applied load is applied, the completion time of the compaction can be estimated from the decay of the sedimentation velocity of the pressurizing body, and furthermore, the disappearance of the void and the displacement of the spherical body are possible. In addition to this factor, the factor of displacement of the pressurized body (settling velocity) is also added, so it is more accurate to estimate the timing of liquefaction onset and completion, to grasp the progress of compaction, to measure consistency and to determine workability. And easier. (7) When vibration is detected by a sensor attached to a spherical body, the end of liquefaction can be confirmed from the attenuation of its amplitude,
The reliability of the measurement accuracy is further increased, and the vibration in the substance at the position of the spherical body suspended so as to be displaceable in the vertical direction can be directly detected, so that the change in the physical properties can be accurately captured. (8) Both the displacement of the spherical body and the displacement of the pressing body can be detected outside the transparent container, and when the vibration is detected by the sensor attached to the spherical body, the vibration in the substance is directly measured as described above. When the vibration can be detected by the sensor provided in the pressurizing body, the vibration propagating through the substance can be indirectly detected externally, so the displacement of the spherical body and the displacement of the pressurizing body can be detected. As with the actual molding of hard-mixed or super-hard mixed concrete, the transparent container that replaces the formwork can be closed with a pressure body and kept in a sealed state, so that the actual molding can be performed. It is possible to measure according to the process. (9) By changing the frequency of the applied vibration and its strength, and in the case of concrete, the conditions such as the water / cement ratio can also be known. (10) If the vibration applied to the pressurizing body is detected, the state of vibration compaction can be grasped more reliably together with other measurements.

(11) If a transparent sheet is detachably attached to the inner surface of the transparent container to protect it, the transparency of the transparent container can be maintained by exchanging the transparent sheet even if the transparent container itself does not have a reinforced structure. (12) If the transparent container has a separable split structure,
It is possible to take out a workable constant quality test piece having a certain degree of compaction after the completion of the liquefaction is confirmed after the consistency is measured in the compaction process and the compaction is completed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a measuring apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a transparent container used in the measuring device,
(A) is a sectional view, (B) is a plan view, and (C) is a front view of one semi-cylindrical portion.

3A and 3B show measurement data of an experiment by the measurement apparatus of FIG. 1, showing a state immediately after placing a pressurizing body on concrete, (A) a detection waveform diagram, and (B) a transparent container. It is a copy drawing of the concrete surface monitored by.

FIG. 4 shows a state when concrete is liquefied,
(A) is a detected waveform diagram and (B) is a copy diagram of the concrete surface.

FIG. 5 shows the state at the end of liquefaction of concrete,
(A) is a detected waveform diagram and (B) is a copy diagram of the concrete surface.

FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a measuring apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a detection waveform diagram of an experiment by the measuring apparatus of FIG. 6, when the water / cement ratio is 38%.

FIG. 8 is a detection waveform diagram when the water / cement ratio is 35%.

FIG. 9 is a detection waveform diagram when the water / cement ratio is 36%.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 Vibration table 3 Transparent container 4 Spherical body 5.7 Suspension mechanism 6 Pressurizing body 32.33 Laser displacement meter 30.31.37 Vibration sensor

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A substance that is liquefied by vibration is placed in a transparent container fixed on a vibration table, and while vibrating this transparent container together with the vibration table and applying a constant top load to the substance, A method for measuring the physical properties of a substance that is liquefied by vibration, characterized by monitoring the void through a transparent container and measuring the time until the void disappears. 2. The method for measuring the physical properties of a substance which is liquefied by vibration according to claim 1, wherein the substance which is liquefied by vibration is hard or super-hard concrete having a low water / cement ratio. 3. The suspended spherical body is embedded in a substance and its vertical displacement is detected.
Alternatively, the method for measuring physical properties of a substance that is liquefied by vibration according to the above item 2. 4. The physical property measurement of a substance liquefied by vibration according to claim 3, wherein the weight of the sphere is equilibrated with an equilibrium weight, and the sphere is levitated by buoyancy due to liquefaction of the substance. Method. 5. The method for measuring physical properties of a substance liquefied by vibration according to claim 3 or 4, wherein vibration in the substance is detected by a vibration sensor attached to the spherical body. 6. The loading load is applied to the substance by a pressurizing body which is vertically displaceable with respect to the transparent container, and the displacement of the pressurizing body in the vertical direction is detected.
2. The method for measuring physical properties of a substance that is liquefied by vibration according to any one of 2, 3, 4, and 5. 7. The method for measuring physical properties of a substance that is liquefied by vibration according to claim 6, wherein vibration of the pressurizing body is detected. 8. The transparent sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a transparent sheet is detachably attached to the inner surface of the transparent container.
A method for measuring the physical properties of substances that are liquefied by vibration. 9. A transparent container having an open upper surface for containing a substance that is liquefied by vibration, a vibration table on which the transparent container is mounted and fixed to provide vibration, and a load applied on the substance in the transparent container. A pressurizing body that can be displaced in the vertical direction relative to this transparent container for giving, a spherical body, and a suspension that suspends the spherical body so that it can be displaced in the vertical direction in a state of being embedded in a substance in the transparent container. The vertical displacement of the spherical body is detected outside the transparent container by detecting the mechanism, the balance weight that balances the weight with the spherical body via this suspension mechanism, and the displacement of this balance weight or the suspension mechanism. A device for measuring physical properties of a substance that is liquefied by vibration, comprising: 10. A physical property measuring apparatus for a substance that is liquefied by vibration according to claim 9, further comprising a pressure body displacement sensor for detecting a vertical displacement of the pressure body. 11. The physical property measuring apparatus for a substance liquefied by vibration according to claim 9, further comprising a vibration sensor for detecting the vibration of the pressurizing body. 12. The physical property measuring apparatus for a substance which is liquefied by vibration according to claim 9, 10 or 11, wherein the pressurizing body is suspended by a suspending mechanism. 13. A vibration sensor for detecting vibration in a substance is provided inside the spherical body.
0. The physical property measuring device according to any one of 0, 11, and 12 for measuring a substance that is liquefied by vibration. 14. An apparatus for measuring physical properties of a substance liquefied by vibration according to claim 9, wherein the transparent container has a separable split structure.