JPH08291691A - Shielding machine and method for reconstructing tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To enable an economical construction work without any need for an excavation or earth removal facility, while a tunnel is in use. CONSTITUTION: A shielding machine 10 is advanced along an existing tunnel 20, while a natural ground around the tunnel 20 is being broken by ejecting high pressure water from a blade port 12 of the machine 10 fitted onto the tunnel 20. The existing tunnel 20 is demolished and removed in a front part of the machine 10, while a new tunnel is constructed in a tail part of the machine 10.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shield machine for rebuilding an existing tunnel such as a railroad, a road, a pipe or the like while using the tunnel and a method for rebuilding the tunnel.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There is known a method of constructing an aged existing tunnel using a shield machine equipped with excavation means. This method is a method of constructing a new tunnel frame behind the shield machine while simultaneously excavating the existing tunnel and the ground around the tunnel with a shield machine having a diameter larger than that of the existing tunnel.

[0003]

Problems to be Solved by the Invention The above-mentioned existing tunnel construction technique has the following problems. <a> The shield machine is expensive because it includes at least excavation means and earth removal equipment for collecting and transporting the cut soil. <B> A large amount of defective residual soil containing crushed fragments of the existing tunnel is generated. At present, the disposal cost of high quality residual soil is high, and the disposal of bad residual soil is a serious issue. <C> Faces are exposed outside the existing tunnel during construction. In order to prevent the exposed face from collapsing, it is necessary to take countermeasures such as ground improvement work in advance. <D> Since many facilities are installed in the shield machine, the use of the tunnel will be interrupted for a long time during the construction period. <E> When the existing tunnel is a subway tunnel, the working time is limited to a few hours when the train does not run. Moreover, since the materials and equipment cannot be left in the tunnel, it is necessary to carry the materials and equipment into and out of the construction site each time the construction is performed, which results in poor construction efficiency.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to provide a shield machine and a tunnel reconstructing method as follows. A shield machine that can be installed by simplifying equipment and reducing machine cost. A method of reconstructing shield machines and tunnels that does not require any ground improvement work and can be constructed with almost no soil erosion. Shield machine and tunnel reconstruction method that can be used while using the tunnel.

[0005]

According to the present invention, in a shield machine equipped with a shield body that can be installed in a tunnel and a plurality of shield jacks, the blade of the shield body disturbs the ground around the existing tunnel. It is a shield machine characterized by having a disturbing means. Furthermore, the present invention is a shield machine equipped with a shield main body that can be installed in a tunnel and a plurality of shield jacks, in which the blade of the shield main body is provided with a disturbing means for disturbing the ground around the existing tunnel. It is a shield machine that is equipped with a protective plate that covers the upper half of the existing tunnel inside the existing tunnel. Further, the present invention is the above shield machine, wherein the shield body is divided into a front portion and a tail portion, and the two divided bodies are connected by a plurality of connecting jacks. Furthermore, the present invention is characterized in that, in any of the shield machines described above, the disturbing means is constituted by a water supply facility and a nozzle for injecting high-pressure water along the penetration direction of the shield machine from the blade opening of the shield body, It is a shield machine. Furthermore, the present invention uses a shield machine of any one of the above-mentioned shield machines in a tunnel reconstructing method for constructing a new tunnel at the site of removal while dismantling and removing the existing tunnel, and using the shield machine's blade that has been installed on the existing tunnel. A process of advancing the shield machine along the existing tunnel while disturbing the ground around the tunnel, a process of dismantling and removing the existing tunnel in the front part of the shield machine, and a new tunnel in the tail part of the shield machine Characterized by repeating steps and
This is a tunnel reconstruction method. Furthermore, the present invention uses a shield machine of any one of the above-mentioned shield machines in a tunnel reconstructing method for constructing a new tunnel at the site of removal while dismantling and removing the existing tunnel, and using the shield machine's blade that has been installed on the existing tunnel. A process of moving the shield machine forward along the existing tunnel while disturbing the ground around the tunnel, and dismantling and removing the existing tunnel in the front part of the shield machine,
This is a tunnel reconstructing method characterized by performing the process of constructing a new tunnel in the tail part of the shield machine in parallel. Further, the present invention is a tunnel reconstructing method, characterized in that, in the tunnel reconstructing method described above, segments are assembled to construct a new tunnel.

[0006]

Embodiment 1 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

<A> Shield Machine FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a shield machine 10 with a part cut away.
FIG. 2 shows a vertical sectional view thereof. The structure of each part of the shield machine 10 will be described in detail below.

<B> Shield main body The shield main body 11 is a rigid cylinder whose both ends are open, and the inside diameter of the front portion is set to a size that allows the existing tunnel 20 to be installed, and the inside diameter of the tail portion of the shield body 11 is constructed. The size of the planned new tunnel 30 is set so that it can be installed. The opening end of the front part of the shield body 11 forms a sharp blade 12 so that it can easily penetrate between the outer peripheral surface of the existing tunnel 20 and the ground. Further, front and rear inside the shield body 11 are provided with a front seal 11a and a tail seal 11b for stopping water, which can contact the outer peripheral surfaces of the existing tunnel 20 and the new tunnel 30, respectively. Since high pressure water is used when the shield machine 10 penetrates into the ground as described later, it is desirable to provide a plurality of front seals 11a.

<C> Ground Disturbance Means The shield machine 10 according to the present invention does not have the conventional excavation means and earth removal equipment. Instead, it is equipped with a disturbing means for forcibly disturbing the natural ground located between the outer diameters of the existing tunnel 20 and the shield body 11 to easily push it outward. The disturbing means is composed of, for example, a plurality of nozzles 13 provided on the front surface of the blade 12 and a water supply unit 14 provided in the shield machine main body 11, and the high-pressure water sent from the water supply unit 14 is supplied to each nozzle 13. The high-pressure water can be jetted from the direction to the penetration direction of the blade opening 12.

<D> Excavating means A plurality of shield jacks 16 are attached to a frame 15 provided along the inner circumference of the shield body 11 at the center of the inside of the shield body 11, and a hydraulic pump unit 17 shown in FIG. You can operate the extension and contraction.

<H> Protective Plate Further, a protective plate 18 facing the upper half of the shield and extending toward the blade 12 is attached to the frame 15 in the shield body 11. The protective plate 18 is located inside the existing tunnel 20 and is a plate body for preventing an erroneous drop of the segment 21 when the existing tunnel 20 is dismantled. Slits 18a are provided on both sides (in the tunnel crossing direction) except for the upper part of the protective plate 18.
Are formed. The slit 18a is an opening for guiding the grip portion of the elector device having an independent running means (not shown) in the disassembling direction of each segment 21.

[0012]

Next, a method of reconstructing the existing tunnel 20 using the shield machine 10 will be described.

<A> Set of shield machine As shown in FIG. 5, a vertical shaft 40 having a depth where the existing tunnel 20 is exposed is constructed. The segment 21 constituting the existing tunnel 20 exposed in the vertical shaft 40 is disassembled, and the shield machine 1
Secure 0 assembly space. Upon dismantling the existing tunnel 20, the dismantled end of the existing tunnel 20 is left in the vertical shaft 40. This is because the existing tunnel 20 is used as a guide member in the initial stage of the start of the sealing period 10. Vertical shaft 4
Tracks and overhead lines of the existing tunnel 20 exposed inside
Temporarily receive 1st grade. Next, in the vertical shaft 40, the shield machine 10
And assembling the starting frame 42. Although not shown, an entrance device is provided in the vertical shaft 20.

<B> Penetration of the shield machine The shield jacks 16 of the shield machine 10 are extended all at once, and a reaction force is obtained from the starting frame 42 to start the shield machine 10 along the existing tunnel 20. At the same time, the water supply unit 14 shown in FIG.
Discharge high-pressure water from. The high-pressure water sprayed from the nozzle 13 loosens the ground around the existing tunnel 20,
Significantly reduces the penetration resistance. As a result, the shield machine 10 penetrates while pushing away the natural ground around the existing tunnel 20.

<C> Dismantling and removing the existing tunnel As shown in FIG. 2, each segment 21 of the existing tunnel 20 that has entered the front portion of the shield machine 10 is sequentially dismantled using an erector device.

<D> Assembly of new tunnel In parallel with or before or after the dismantling work of the existing tunnel 20, the segments 31 are assembled into a ring shape in the tail portion of the shield machine 10 and the back tunneling material is filled to construct the new tunnel 30. Sequentially build. The assembled new tunnel 30 serves as a reaction force member of the shield machine 10. Shield machine 1
0 penetration process, existing tunnel dismantling process, new tunnel assembling process are repeated. Further, it is desirable that the above work is performed during the time period from the passage of the last train to the passage of the first train. At this time, the tracks and overhead lines are temporarily received in the shield machine 10 and used for passing trains.

[0017]

[Embodiment 2] FIG. 6 shows the shield body 11 with the front portion 11
a and the tail portion 11b are divided into two parts, 11a and 1
Another shield machine 10a in which the overlapping portions of 1b are connected by a plurality of connecting jacks 19 is shown. The tail portion 11b will move following the front portion 11a by the expansion / contraction operation of the connecting jack 19. In the description of this embodiment, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description of the structure and operation will be omitted. In the present embodiment, the dismantling and removing work of the existing tunnel in the front part 11a and the construction work of the new tunnel in the tail part 11b can be performed independently, so that rapid construction is possible. Further, if the expansion and contraction of each connecting jack 19 can be controlled individually, the steering function can be added to the shield machine 10a, which is advantageous when the winding existing tunnel is reconstructed.

[0018]

Third Embodiment The protective plate 18 of the shield machine 10, 10a may be omitted.

[0019]

Fourth Embodiment As the disturbing means of the shield machine 10, the following method may be used instead of the water jet method described above.

Ring cutter system A system in which the blade 12 of the shield machine 10 is equipped with a ring-shaped rotary cutter, and the rotary cutter is rotated to disturb the ground around the existing tunnel 20.

Chainsaw method An endless belt or endless chain having a large number of chips attached thereto is rotatably mounted on the blade 12 of the shield machine 10, and the endless belt or endless chain is rotated to produce a large number of endless belts or endless chains. A method of disturbing the ground around the existing tunnel 20 by a chip group.

Swing Cutter Method The cutting edge 12 of the shield machine 10 is equipped with a plurality of cutters that swing around a support shaft in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the shield machine 10, and the plurality of cutters are swung to establish the existing tunnel 20. Method that disturbs the ground around.

[0023]

Fifth Embodiment The shape of the shield machine 10 is not limited to the single cylinder shape, and may be any shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the existing tunnel 20. Therefore, when the cross sections of the existing tunnels 20 are rectangular, or in the case of a double-hulled shape (substantially 8-shaped), the shield machine 10 has a shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of these existing tunnels 20.

[0024]

[Sixth Embodiment] In the above embodiment, the case where the new tunnel 40 has the segment structure has been described.
May be cast-in-place concrete or shotcrete.

[0025]

Since the present invention is as described above, the following effects can be obtained. <a> Since the earth cutting means and the earth discharging equipment are unnecessary, the cost and weight of the shield machine can be reduced. Further, as the weight of the shield machine is reduced, the shield jack can be downsized. <B> By disposing a protective plate inside the shield machine that covers the upper half of the existing tunnel, the dismantling and removal work of the existing tunnel can be performed safely. <C> The shield body is divided into a front part and a tail part,
When constructing a shield machine by connecting the two parts with a jack to expand and contract, the front part and the tail part can perform the dismantling work of the existing tunnel and the construction work of the new tunnel independently, so the construction period is greatly shortened. it can. <D> Since the shield machine is penetrated after forcibly disturbing the ground around the existing tunnel, the penetration resistance of the shield machine can be small. <E> Not only does the ground improvement not be necessary because the face is not exposed, and the problem of soil disposal does not occur because soil is not generated at all. <F> Since the shield machine is installed outside the existing tunnel, it is not necessary to control the direction of the shield machine. <G> If the existing tunnel is a subway tunnel,
By temporarily receiving the tracks and overhead lines inside the shield machine, it is possible to perform the construction while the train is running. <H> It can be applied to the renovation work of subway tunnels, underpass tunnels, large-diameter water and sewer pipes and various cable laying tunnels, etc. <R> By selecting the thickness of the new tunnel, it is possible to increase the inner diameter without changing the outer diameter of the existing tunnel. <Nu> Since the equipment can be miniaturized, if the tunnel is a subway tunnel, shield machines and other equipment can be installed within the building limits without hindering train operation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view according to a first embodiment and is a perspective view of a shield machine with a part cut away.

[Fig. 2] Vertical cross-sectional view of the shield machine

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.

4 is a sectional view of IV-IV in FIG.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram when the shield machine is started.

FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view of a shield machine according to another embodiment.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A shield machine equipped with a shield main body that can be installed in a tunnel and a plurality of shield jacks, wherein a blade of the shield main body is provided with a disturbing means for disturbing the ground around the existing tunnel. And, the shield machine. 2. A shield machine equipped with a shield main body that can be installed in a tunnel and a plurality of shield jacks, wherein the blade of the shield main body is provided with a disturbing means for disturbing the ground around the existing tunnel. A shield machine that is equipped with a protective plate inside the existing tunnel that covers the upper half of the existing tunnel. 3. The shield machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shield body is divided into a front portion and a tail portion, and the two divided bodies are connected by a plurality of connecting jacks. . 4. The disturbing means according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the disturbing means comprises water supply equipment and a nozzle for injecting high-pressure water from a blade opening of the shield body along a penetration direction of the shield machine. Yes, a shield machine. 5. A tunnel reconstructing method for constructing a new tunnel on a site of removal while dismantling and removing an existing tunnel, using the shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3 to make the exterior of the existing tunnel exterior. The process of advancing the shield machine along the existing tunnel while disturbing the ground around the existing tunnel with the blade of the shield machine, the process of dismantling and removing the existing tunnel in the front part of the shield machine, A tunnel reconstruction method characterized by repeating the process of constructing a new tunnel in the tail section. 6. A tunnel reconstructing method for constructing a new tunnel on a site of removal while dismantling and removing an existing tunnel, using the shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3 to make an exterior of the existing tunnel. The process of advancing the shield machine along the existing tunnel while disturbing the ground around the existing tunnel with the blade of the shield machine, dismantling and removing the existing tunnel in the front part of the shield machine, and in the tail part of the shield machine The tunnel reconstruction method is characterized by performing the process of constructing a new tunnel in parallel with. 7. The method for reconstructing a tunnel according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the segments are assembled to construct a new tunnel.