JPH08290166A - Drinking water feeder and feeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To supply very high-safety drinking water in times of emergency, etc., with a device capable of being easily handled by anybody. CONSTITUTION: The water in a school pool, other pools, river and lake is used as the raw water 1 in times of emergency and stored in a raw water tank 2. An oxidizing and settling chemical is fed to easily form a precipitate 3. The supernatant 4 is sucked up from a suction port 5 and pressurized by a filtration pump 7 through a suction hose 6. The pump 7 is driven by a power generated by a generator 8. Consequently, the water is purified even in a power failure. The pressurized supernatant 4 is passed upward through a hollow-fiber membrane filter module 10 through a connecting hose 9, filtered, introduced into a tank 13 as purified water 12 from a purified water hose 11 and stored. The module 10 is formed by housing a bundle of thin hollow fibers in a transparent cylindrical housing.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a drinking water supply apparatus and method capable of easily supplying drinking water from a familiar water source when water is cut off in an emergency.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, drinking water is supplied in urban areas by a complete water supply system. For this reason, wells and the like almost disappear, and even if they remain, they are often unsuitable for drinking due to environmental pollution. The water supplied from the water supply is sanitized and sanitary, but it may be further purified by a household water purifier or the like for drinking.

[0003]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In today's urban life,
Most of the drinking water is supplied by the water supply. When a disaster such as a large-scale earthquake occurs, so-called lifelines such as waterworks and electricity are greatly damaged, and water is easily cut off. When water is cut off and the supply of drinking water is cut off, it becomes very difficult to maintain human life.

[0004] In such an emergency disaster, schools, pools other than schools, rivers, lakes, and rainwater (rainwater), which has become a hot topic recently.
It is possible to secure drinking water by using such water as the water source. When trying to purify water with a household water purifier, etc., the filtration capacity is insufficient, bacteria cannot be removed, and safe drinking water cannot be secured. Even if a full-scale filter using sand for filtration is used, it is difficult to sufficiently remove bacteria and the like. Moreover, such filters are prone to clogging. For the purpose of regeneration, it is necessary to carry out a backwash in which a large amount of clean water is passed in the direction opposite to the normal filtration to wash. That is, in order to secure clean drinking water, a large amount of clean water for backwashing is required, and specialized handling knowledge about the filter is also required.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a drinking water supply device and method which can be easily handled by anyone and can supply drinking water with high safety in the event of an emergency disaster. is there. (However, it is necessary to regularly inspect the water quality of the designated source of raw water.)

[0006]

The present invention is an apparatus for purifying raw water from a water source and supplying it as drinking water, which is contained in a foldable water tank for storing the raw water and contained in the raw water stored in the water tank. A purification chemical for oxidizing and precipitating pollutants, organic substances, and bacteria, a pump for pumping a supernatant liquid from a water tank, and a hollow fiber membrane having filter pores of 0.1 μm or less formed on the surface are bundled, A drinking water supply device comprising: a hollow fiber membrane filtration module for filtering a supernatant liquid pumped up by a pump. Further, the present invention is a method for purifying raw water from a water source and supplying it as drinking water, wherein a step of precipitating a pollutant of the raw water and a supernatant of the raw water in which the pollutant is precipitated is filtered by 0.1 μm or less. A method for supplying drinking water, comprising the step of filtering with a hollow fiber membrane having pores formed on the surface.

[0007]

According to the present invention, the raw water from the water source is stored in the collapsible water tank, and the purifying chemicals are mixed to precipitate the pollutants such as the pollutants, organic substances and bacteria contained therein. The supernatant fluid is pumped up by a pump, and the supernatant fluid pumped up is filtered by a hollow fiber membrane filtration module configured by bundling hollow fiber membranes having filtration holes of 0.1 μm or less formed on the surface. The hollow fiber membrane filtration module can remove bacteria and the like larger than the pore diameter when water is passed from the outer circumferential side of the thin hollow fiber membrane to the inner circumferential side through the filtration hole. The purified water flows in the axial direction of the thin cylinder and is obtained as purified water from one end side. If dirt adheres to the outer peripheral side of the hollow fiber membrane and the filtration holes become clogged, the filtration can be stopped once and the dirt can be shaken off to the other end side in the axial direction to be easily regenerated.

According to the present invention, in order to purify the raw water from the water source and supply it as drinking water, the step of precipitating the pollutant of the raw water and the supernatant of the raw water in which the pollutant is precipitated are 0.1 μm. The following step including filtration with a hollow fiber membrane having filtration holes formed on the surface is performed. Since particles of large dirt are allowed to settle and minute bacteria and the like can be surely removed by the hollow fiber membrane, it is possible to supply high-quality drinking water very easily. Even if the hollow fiber membrane is clogged, it can be easily regenerated and easily handled by anyone.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows the basic construction of a drinking water supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the event of an emergency, the source of raw water 1 is water from schools, pools other than schools, rivers, or lakes. Raw water is drawn from a water source with a bucket or the like and stored in the raw water tank 2. The contaminants in the raw water 1 are first removed by forming a precipitate 3 simply by adding a chemical for oxidative precipitation treatment, and obtaining a supernatant 4. The supernatant liquid 4 is pumped up from the suction port 5 and is passed through the water suction hose 6 to the filtration pump 7
Pressurize with. The filtration pump 7 is driven by the electric power generated by the generator 8. As a result, water can be purified even during a power failure.

The pressurized supernatant liquid 4 is filtered while passing through the hollow fiber membrane filtration module 10 from the lower side to the upper side via the connection hose 9. Filtered water is purified water hose 1
The purified water 12 flows from 1 to the purified water tank 13 and is stored. The hollow fiber membrane filtration module 10 is configured by accommodating a bundle of thin hollow fibers in a transparent cylindrical housing. Filtration by the hollow fiber membrane filtration module 10 is performed through the filtration holes formed in each hollow fiber.

FIG. 2 shows the structure of the hollow fiber 20 used in the hollow fiber membrane module 10 of FIG. 2 (A) is a partial perspective view, and FIG. 2 (B) is a sectional view perpendicular to the axis. A specific example of such a hollow fiber 20 is one using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. as a membrane material. The high degree of polymerization polyacrylonitrile has high strength and high elastic modulus, and is excellent in chemical resistance and solvent resistance. The hollow fiber 20 has a space in the center and has a macaroni shape. The peripheral wall surface forms the hollow fiber membrane 21,
Many filtration holes 22 are provided so as to penetrate from the surface to the inside. The PAN hollow membrane module (trade name) manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. has filtration holes 22 with a pore diameter of 0.01 μm on the membrane surface.
Hollow fibers 20 having a substantially uniform shape are bundled in a housing of about 18 mm, and about 10
^It has a filtration area of about ² . This makes it possible to effectively prevent fine particles of organic matter, bacteria and the like. Since the surface of the hollow fiber membrane 21 is dense and smooth, stains that block the filter holes 22 can be easily removed by air bubbling cleaning or the like that agitates the yarn. Hollow fiber membrane module 1
If the housing of 0 is made of transparent vinyl chloride,
It is easy to estimate the filtration capacity from the degree of contamination, and it is possible to repeatedly perform the operation of collecting water by filtration and washing.

FIG. 3 shows a storage body of an emergency disaster kit including the drinking water supply device according to the embodiment of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 shows its usage state. The storage box 30 is, for example, 1800 mm
It has a size of (L) × 670 mm (W) × 350 mm (H) and is made of wood. The hose 31 is used as the water absorption hose 6, the connection hose 9 and the water purification hose 11. The water tank 32 is used as the raw water tank 2 and the water purification tank 12,
Made of vinyl chloride and foldable. Lighting 33
Is supplied with electric power from the generator 8 so that the hollow fiber membrane filtration module 10 can be sufficiently viewed even at night during a power outage.
Illuminate the surroundings. The illumination lamp 33 is attached to the tip of the stand 34, and can be illuminated from a high position. A bucket 35 is provided for transferring raw water from a water source such as a pool to the raw water tank 2 and for preparing a chemical for precipitation. Precipitation chemicals are also prepared together with the bucket 35. Furthermore, it is equipped with a first aid box 36, and it is also possible to provide first aid in the event of a disaster. The fuel 37 for the generator 8 is stored for about 2 hours. If this amount is about 120 liters, the total weight is 60k.
It is about g and can be handled by two adults. When the turbidity and dirt of the raw water are extremely large, the storage box 30 can be used as a raw water tank. This capacity is about 40
It is 0 liter. Although the hollow fiber membrane filtration module 10 can be erected using the stand 34, it can also be erected using a pool fence or the like.

FIG. 5 shows a case where the water of a certain lake is used as raw water.
The change in the pressure difference when the apparatus of No. 1 is operated is shown. The increase in pressure difference indicates that the hollow fiber membrane is clogged. The sharp decrease in the pressure difference indicates that the hollow fiber membrane filtration module is regenerated by shaking the yarn to eliminate the clogging. Raw water is subjected to a simple oxidative precipitation treatment as a pretreatment, for example, using two kinds of chemicals. Add the first chemical, slowly stir with the attached stirring bar, and add the second chemical. After gently stirring for 2-5 minutes,
Leave for about 30 minutes or more. When the contaminants have settled, the supernatant liquid is pumped up.

The first chemical is an oxidizer for disinfection, and a 6% aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite, which is acceptable as a food additive, or porridge powder can be preferably used. The second chemical is a flocculating precipitant, and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is acceptable as a food additive and can be suitably used. In addition, there are some that can be used as a sulfuric acid band, a light bun, which is allowed as a food additive, and a polymer flocculant.

In the raw water, suspended matter, microorganisms including bacteria,
It contains organic substances, ammoniacal nitrogen, ionic metals (iron, manganese), etc., and determines turbidity and chromaticity.
By oxidizing these inclusions with the first chemical,
Organic matter, ammoniacal nitrogen, or microorganisms are reduced, and ionic iron and manganese determine turbidity and chromaticity. When the second chemical is added to water in this state, the above-mentioned suspended solids, oxides, dead bodies of microorganisms, ionic metals, etc. become flocs and precipitate. The water that has been sterilized and precipitated by the pretreatment is again microfiltered by the hollow fiber.

FIG. 6 shows an outline of the sizes of particles and bacteria. If the hollow fiber 20 shown in FIG. 2 has a filtration hole 22 of 0.01 μm, poliovirus can be removed. If the 0.1 μm filtration holes 22 are formed, general bacteria such as Escherichia coli can be sufficiently removed.

The kits of FIGS. 3 and 4 are preferably provided as equipment in the vicinity of a pool or the like in case of an emergency disaster, but generally, in places where drinking water is not sufficiently obtained, rainwater is not available. It can also be used sufficiently to obtain drinking water by using such as a water source.

[0018]

As described above, according to the present invention, the raw water from the water source is stored in the collapsible water tank, the cleaning chemicals are mixed, and the filtration holes of 0.1 μm or less are formed on the surface. The supernatant liquid pumped up by the pump is filtered by the hollow fiber membrane filtration module configured by bundling the fiber membranes.
The hollow fiber membrane filtration module can remove bacteria and the like larger than the pore diameter when water is passed from the outer circumferential side of the thin hollow fiber membrane to the inner circumferential side through the filtration hole. The purified water flows in the axial direction of the thin cylinder and is obtained as purified water from one end side. If dirt adheres to the outer peripheral side of the hollow fiber membrane and the filtration holes become clogged, the filtration can be stopped once and the dirt can be shaken off to the other end side in the axial direction to be easily regenerated. Therefore, even in the event of an emergency,
It can be easily handled by anyone, and high quality drinking water can be easily obtained from familiar water sources such as pools.

Further, according to the present invention, in order to purify the raw water from the water source and supply it as drinking water, the contaminants of the raw water are allowed to settle, and then the supernatant liquid is filtered onto the surface so that the pores are 0.1 μm or less. Filter through the hollow fiber membrane formed. Large dirt particles are allowed to settle, and minute bacteria can be reliably removed by the hollow fiber membrane, so even in the event of an emergency, you can easily supply high-quality drinking water from a familiar water source. . Even if the hollow fiber membrane is clogged, it can be easily regenerated and easily handled by anyone.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing the basic configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of a hollow fiber used in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of an emergency disaster kit including the basic configuration of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing a usage state of the kit of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing an operating state of the kit of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a distribution chart of sizes of particles and bacteria.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Raw Water 4 Supernatant Liquid 7 Filtration Pump 8 Generator 10 Hollow Fiber Membrane Filtration Module 11 Clean Water 20 Hollow Fiber 21 Hollow Fiber Membrane 22 Filtration Hole 30 Storage Box 33 Illumination Lamp 37 Fuel

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] August 7, 1995

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0011

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

FIG. 2 shows the structure of the hollow fiber 20 used in the hollow fiber membrane module 10 of FIG. 2 (A) is a partial perspective view, and FIG. 2 (B) is a sectional view perpendicular to the axis. A specific example of such a hollow fiber 20 is one using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. as a membrane material. The high degree of polymerization polyacrylonitrile has high strength and high elastic modulus, and is excellent in chemical resistance and solvent resistance. The hollow fiber 20 has a space in the center and has a macaroni shape. The peripheral wall surface forms the hollow fiber membrane 21,
Many filtration holes 22 are provided so as to penetrate from the surface to the inside. The PAN hollow membrane module (trade name) manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. has filtration holes 22 with a pore diameter of 0.01 μm on the membrane surface.
The hollow fiber 20 in which the
Approximately 10,000 bundled in a housing of about 12
It has a filtration area of about m ² . This makes it possible to effectively prevent fine particles of organic matter, bacteria and the like. Since the surface of the hollow fiber membrane 21 is dense and smooth, stains that block the filter holes 22 can be easily removed by air bubbling cleaning or the like that agitates the yarn. If the housing of the hollow fiber membrane module 10 is made of transparent vinyl chloride or the like, it is easy to estimate the filtration capacity from the degree of contamination, and it is possible to repeatedly perform water collection and washing by filtration.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A device for purifying raw water from a water source and supplying it as drinking water, comprising a collapsible water tank for storing the raw water, and contaminants and organic substances contained in the raw water stored in the water tank.
Purification chemicals that oxidize and precipitate bacteria, a pump that pumps the supernatant from the water tank, and a bundle of hollow fiber membranes with filtration holes of 0.1 μm or less formed on the surface. And a hollow fiber membrane filtration module for filtering the drinking water. 2. A method for purifying raw water from a water source and supplying it as drinking water, which comprises a step of precipitating a pollutant of the raw water, and a supernatant of the raw water in which the pollutant is precipitated, filtered by 0.1 μm or less. A method for supplying drinking water, comprising the step of filtering with a hollow fiber membrane having pores formed on the surface thereof.