JPH08205711A - Artificial hive for bumble bee - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide an artificial bee hive which is prepared by stacking up, in multiple layers, artificial hive units which contain each wax-treated hollow cylinders in a container case in a special constitution, thus increases colonization rate, selection rate and reproductive rate of bees and simplicity in utilization and facilitates the handling operations of the bees after completion of the hive building. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of paper-made hollow tubes 30 each of which is treated with wax and has a slit 31 in the lengthwise direction are placed in a container case of a couple of the upper and lower plates 10 and 20, where plural tubes are opened in their one ends and arranged in parallel at a certain interval to form an artificial hive unit (a). Then, the hive units are stacked up in multiple layers to give this artificial bee hive. In one hive unit, the end of the lower plate for the container case projects forward more than the open end of the paper-made hollow tube 30.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an artificial nest for bees, and more particularly, to an improved nesting nesting wild in an artificial nest of a type in which a hollow hollow tubular body made of a wax is used as a nest material. An artificial nest for bees.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a tube-hole nesting bee, it is a genus of the genus Osmi (Osmi bee) including the bee wasps (Osmia cornifrons).
a), Machiachile, M.
icodoma) and the genus Hylaeus (Hylaeus) are known. Among them, the bee wasps have been bred as pollinating insects for deciduous fruit trees such as apples and cherry.
In order to nest these tube-hole nesting wild bees, mainly those obtained by cutting the dead stems of reeds have been used so far, but in recent years good habitat of reeds has almost disappeared, and bee wasps are bred. It is becoming difficult for apple farmers and the like to secure a reed tube, which is a nest material for bee wasps, which is necessary for pollination of apples. Even if they can be secured, the work itself of collecting and cutting a large amount of dead stems of reeds is a heavy burden due to the labor shortage of farmers.

In order to solve these problems, various types of artificial nests have been proposed so far. For example, the back end of a straw or tube made of paper or plastic having an inner diameter of 5 mm to 9 mm is made of clay or paraffin. There are those that are closed by, for example, just bundled, those that are stored in a container, and those that have a paper roll core made by rolling cardboard so as to be hollow and subjected to wax treatment (for example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 2-969). (See Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 2-26469 and Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 5-37064).

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present inventor has for a long time cultivated tube-hole nesting bees, especially bee wasps, as pollinating insects for deciduous fruit trees such as apples and cherry, and conducted research on their ecology. , In that process, we conducted many experiments on various artificial nests already proposed. There, conventional artificial nests have drawbacks such as low colonization rate and selection rate of bees, low egg-laying rate, high mortality rate in offspring of progeny, easy to be attacked by specific parasitic bees, etc. We have experienced that practical application involves difficulties. Also, in the actual work, it takes a lot of work to close the rear end of the tubular part as a nest material, and the container for storing the nest material is of a uniform size. I also learned that there are structural problems such as the inability to properly set the number of artificial nests according to the number of individuals.

Therefore, in the conventional artificial nest, normal nesting activity and proliferation of bees could not be expected as in the case of using a natural reed cylinder. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a more improved artificial nest for tube-hole nesting bees, particularly bee wasps.

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and to achieve the object, the present inventor has studied the nesting behavior of tube-hole nesting bees, especially bee wasps, the parasitism patterns of natural enemies, etc. By continuing to study the ecology of these, we perceived that artificial nests with the following configurations were particularly superior as artificial nests for bees.

That is, in the artificial nest for bees according to the present invention, basically, a hollow cylindrical body subjected to a brazing process is placed in a storage case composed of two upper and lower plate members, and one end side is exposed to the atmosphere. In this state, a plurality of artificial nest unit bodies that are stored in parallel at a predetermined interval are laminated in a plurality of stages. The hollow cylinder is preferably made of paper, but other materials such as synthetic resin can be used. Also,
It is preferable to form the upper and lower two plate members with a foamed synthetic resin material from the viewpoint of ease of molding and cost, but use non-foamed synthetic resin, processed wood such as particle board, natural wood, etc. You can also

A cut is formed in the hollow cylindrical body in the lengthwise direction, and a lower plate member constituting the storage case is inserted from the tip of the release side end of the paper-made hollow cylindrical body. So that it also projects forward,
It is a preferable mode that the upper and lower two plate members constituting the storage case are formed with a concave line and a convex line which are engaged with each other when they are overlapped with each other. be able to. It is also a preferred embodiment that each plate member is colored, and differently colored ones are appropriately used when stacking in multiple stages.

The inner diameter of the hollow cylindrical body is appropriately selected according to the type of bee.
It is preferably about 18 mm, and particularly about 7 mm in the case of an artificial nest for bees. The hollow cylinder preferably has a length of about 100 mm to 200 mm, and according to the experience of the present inventors, about 150 mm was most effective. This is because this length is a length that most of the tube-hole nesting wild bees prefer to nest and do not adversely affect the growth of offspring.

The distance between the hollow cylinders is set to 7.5 because the minimum distance is provided to prevent harm by a parasitic bee of the type that inserts an oviduct from outside the nest tube.
It is preferable that the thickness is not less than mm, and actually, according to the experience of the present inventors, if it is about 7.5 mm, it is effective for avoiding parasitic. This is because the thickness (parasitic tube insertion) caused by the parasitic natural enemy, Monodontomerus osmiae, can be avoided at this thickness.

[0011]

The artificial nest of the present invention has the above-described structure, and a plurality of hollow cylindrical bodies used by bees for nesting are housed in a storage case made up of two plate members, one with one end side open. Nest the bees in the hollow cylinder by storing them in parallel at intervals and constructing an artificial nest unit, and stacking the required number of stacked layers in the nest box during the activity period of the bee and leaving it standing. be able to.

In the artificial nest according to the present invention, it is possible to easily set the optimum number of artificial nests according to the number of nesting individuals by changing the number of artificial nest units. Also, the part that bees directly use for nesting is a hollow cylinder,
Since it is removably inserted in the storage case composed of the upper and lower plate members, the storage case portion can be continuously used for several years simply by replacing the hollow cylindrical body, which is advantageous in terms of cost. It is easy to pull out the hollow cylinder, and by separating the cocoon from the hollow cylinder, it becomes easy to check a healthy cocoon with soft X-rays. By forming a notch in the hollow cylinder, it becomes easier to take out the cocoon from the nest.

In the case of forming a notch in the hollow cylindrical body, according to an experiment by the present inventor, when the notch is arranged in a storage case composed of two upper and lower plate members so that the notch is directly above. , More active nesting activity was obtained. this is,
The ceiling (right above) of the hollow cylinder is the part of the inside of the cylinder that is most difficult to be watched by bees, and it is considered that the cuts in this part do not hinder the nesting activity of bees. However, it was also confirmed that nesting was performed even when the notch was not directly above.

Further, when the projecting portion which functions as a platform is formed in the front portion of the storage case, this portion can be used for takeoff and landing when the bee moves in and out of the nest, and nesting activity can be carried out smoothly. I was also able to confirm that Furthermore, by randomly combining the upper and lower plate members of colors that are easy for the bees to recognize, it was confirmed that the nesting bees could easily identify their own nests, which could also facilitate nesting activities. Was done.

[0015]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the artificial nest for bees according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the illustrated example of the artificial nest for bees. FIG. 1 shows an artificial nest unit a according to the present invention.
It is a perspective view which shows the artificial nest A which laminated | stacked many (n pieces) of FIG. 2, and FIG. 2 has shown the front view. Artificial nest unit a
Has an upper plate member 10 and a lower plate member 20 which are integrally formed of styrofoam. Both have the same width W and thickness h, but the depth L is lower than that of the upper plate member 10.
0 is considered to be somewhat longer. In this embodiment, the width W
Are both 270 mm, and the thickness h is all 7.5 mm,
The depth L of the upper plate member 10 is L ₁ = 155 mm, and the lower plate member 20 is L ₂ = 162 mm.

As shown in the rear surface of FIG. 3, the upper plate member 1
0 has a plurality of concave grooves 11 having a semicircular cross section formed in parallel on the back side thereof at a predetermined interval, and one end of each concave groove 11 is a closed end 13. A semicircular projecting portion 14 is integrally formed in the portion. Further, concave strips 15a and 15b having a rectangular cross section are formed in the vicinity of both ends in the width W direction of the upper plate member 10 and in the central portion, and the rear surface side facing the concave strips 15a and 15b is concave. The ridges 16a and 16b are formed with cross sections that are somewhat smaller than the cross sections of the lines 15a and 15b. In this embodiment, there are 16 concave grooves 11, the diameter d of the semicircle forming the cross section (that is, the width of the concave groove 11) is 7.5 mm, and the distance s between the concave grooves 11 ... 7.5 mm. In addition, the thickness c of the protrusion 14 is 5 mm. Therefore, the substantial length L ₁₂ of the concave groove 11 is 150 mm (L ₁ −
c).

The lower plate member 20 is on the surface side thereof, and when the lower plate member 20 and the upper plate member 10 are superposed, the upper plate member 1 is formed.
The concave groove 11 is formed at a position facing the concave groove 11 formed in 0.
The same number of recessed grooves 21 having the same shape as the above are formed, and similar recessed lines 25a and 25b are formed on the surface side in the vicinity of both ends in the width W direction and in the center part. 25b on the back side facing 25b,
Ridges 26a, 2 having a cross section somewhat smaller than that of 25b
6b are formed.

FIG. 4 shows a hollow tubular body 30 made of brazed paper which is used as a nesting material, and like the embodiment shown in the figure, preferably has a notch 31 formed along its entire length in the longitudinal direction. It The size of the hollow cylindrical body 30 is such that the upper plate member 10 and the lower plate member 20 have their rear ends aligned with each other as shown in FIGS.
It has a size such that it can be inserted into the insertion hole H formed when they are superposed in a posture in which they face each other in a substantially closely contacted state.

The material of the hollow cylindrical body is not limited to a paper material, and a synthetic resin material such as polypropylene can be used. However, paper is used as a material for the purpose of improving the fixing rate and selectivity of bees. Those which are waxed there are particularly preferred. Before or after brazing on the hollow cylinder,
A lengthwise cut 31 is formed. In this embodiment, the hollow cylinder 30 has an inner diameter d ₃₀ of 7 mm and a length L.
₃₀ is 150 mm.

The artificial nest unit a is assembled by the upper plate member 1
The hollow cylinder 30 is inserted into each concave groove 11 by reversing 0. At that time, the notch 3 formed in the hollow cylindrical body 30
1 is inserted on the lower surface side, preferably right below. Next, after the lower plate member 20 is placed with the concave groove 21 on the lower surface side from above, the whole is inverted. A plurality of artificial nest units a thus assembled (n in the figure) are stacked to construct an artificial nest A for bees according to the present invention as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In addition, in actual use, the artificial nest A is stored in an appropriate nest box.

Usually, several to several tens of artificial nest units a are stored in one nest box. As described above, since the upper and lower plate members 10 and 20 are formed with the concave and convex lines that can be fitted to each other in the vicinity of both ends in the width direction and the central portion, all the plate members are in close contact with each other without lateral movement. It can be laminated in a shape. FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the front part of the artificial nest A according to the present invention, and FIG. 6 shows the upper plate member 1 in the artificial nest of FIG.
2 is a perspective view when the upper plate member 10 is removed in the upward direction in order to make it easier to see the hollow hollow cylindrical body 30 made of paper that is inserted into the storage case portion formed by 0 and the lower plate member 20. FIG. As described above, the depth L ₂ of the lower plate member 20 is set to be slightly longer than the depth L ₁ of the upper plate member 10 (7 mm longer in this embodiment). Then, the tip of the lower plate member 20 is projected forward by 7 mm from the tip of the upper plate member 10, and the concave groove 21 portion in the projecting portion is used as the platform portion P.

In the present invention, both the upper plate member 10 and the lower plate member 20 may be molded in a non-colored state, may be molded with a coloring agent, and may be colored after molding. It is desirable to color it in consideration of the ecology of nesting bees, but in the experiment, four colors of white (uncolored), green, yellow, and blue were randomly combined and stored in a nest box. Was effective.

The above description is only one embodiment of the artificial nest according to the present invention, and there are many other modifications. The storage case, that is, the upper plate member and the lower plate member are made of expanded polystyrene, which is not limited to this because the production cost can be kept low. As described above, it is made of another expanded or non-expanded synthetic resin material. It is also possible. Also,
It is not essential to integrally provide the projecting portion forming the platform P, and the projecting portion may be formed by another member, and may not be provided depending on the type of bee. The semicircular protrusion 14 formed at the end of the upper plate member 10 is
It is provided to close one end of the insertion hole H formed when the artificial nest unit body a is assembled by the upper plate member 10 and the lower plate member 20, and can achieve the purpose of closing. It will be appreciated that its position and shape are arbitrary.

Further, the concave stripes and the convex stripes formed on the upper and lower plate members are formed for the purpose of facilitating the alignment of the two plate members, but they are not essential and can be easily formed by means such as a holding frame. It is not necessary if it can be aligned with. In addition, although the above-described embodiment is desirable as an artificial nest for bees, in the case of nesting other tube-hole nesting wild bees, the inner and outer diameters of the hollow tubular body 30 and the corresponding The diameters of the recessed grooves 11 and 21 formed in the upper and lower plate members 10 and 20 forming the insertion hole H for the hollow cylindrical body are appropriately changed. According to the experiments by the present inventors, the change width of the inner diameter d ₃₀ of the hollow cylindrical body was 4 mm to 18 mm from the small genus Beeweed to the large bee genus.

The artificial nest according to the present invention having the above-mentioned structure can have the following functions. That is, since the artificial nest unit body a is formed by the combination of the upper and lower plate members 10 and 20, the number of artificial nest units a can be easily set by changing the number of the artificial nest unit bodies a. can do.

The only part of the bee that is directly used for nesting is the hollow cylindrical body 30, and by simply replacing the hollow cylindrical body 30, the upper and lower plate members 10, 20 and the storage material such as a nest box for storing the same continue for several years. And available. By pulling out the hollow cylindrical body 30 and separating the cocoon from the hollow cylindrical body, it is easy to check the healthy cocoon with soft X-rays. At that time, by forming the notch 31 in the hollow cylindrical body, the cocoon in the nest can be taken out more easily after nesting of the bees.

By making the lower plate member 20 longer than the upper plate member 10 to form the platform P, this portion can be used for takeoff and landing when the bees move in and out of the nest tube, and nesting activities can be performed smoothly. You will be able to do it. By providing the plug-like member 14 at the innermost portion of the upper plate member 10, the work for plugging the rear end of the hollow cylindrical body 30 itself can be omitted, and the cost can be reduced.

By randomly combining the upper and lower plate members 10 and 20 of a color in which the bees can be easily recognized, the bees in the nest can easily identify their nests. In the above example, the distance between the insertion holes H for the hollow cylinder was set to 7.5 mm because the parasite (insertion of spawning tube) was particularly caused by the parasite natural enemy of the genus Apidae, Pyricularia oryzae. The length of the hollow cylinder was set to 150 mm because the length of the hollow cylinder was set to 150 mm, and this length was selected by most of the tube-hole nesting wild bees for nesting, and Due to the length that is less likely to adversely affect the growth of offspring. If the length is significantly longer or shorter than this, the colonization rate of bees is reduced, or the sex ratio of offspring is biased to male, which is not economical, but the present invention is not limited to this value. Instead, the optimum one may be determined experimentally depending on the bee type and habit.

Further, it is necessary to change the inner diameter of the hollow cylindrical body 30 and the diameter of the corresponding hollow cylindrical body insertion hole H depending on the type of bee to be nested. The reason is that the range of caliber size of nest tube to be selected for nesting differs depending on the type of bee, and the range of caliber size of nest tube for maximizing the female ratio of offspring is further narrowed. by. In addition, by setting the caliber of the optimum size for the growth of offspring, the effect of increasing the colonization rate of released bees can be obtained.

Further, in the above embodiment, the diameter difference between the hollow cylindrical body 30 and the hollow cylindrical body insertion hole H generated when the upper and lower plate members 10 and 20 are superposed is set to 0.5 mm, and both are almost in close contact with each other. The purpose of this was to eliminate the extra gap to prevent the pollen balls stored in the nest from drying out and to reduce the mortality rate of the progeny in the offspring, and to increase the colonization rate of the released bees. However, it is easy to understand that this number is not mandatory.

[0031]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The artificial nest of the present invention has the above-mentioned constitution, and in the artificial nest of a tube-hole nesting wild bee, its colonization rate, selectivity and growth rate can be increased, and at the same time, it can be utilized. The convenience can be improved and the management work of bees after nesting can be easily performed. That is, it becomes possible to easily set the optimum number of artificial nests according to the number of nesting individuals, and the cost can be reduced. Also, because the hollow cylinder, which is the part that the bee directly uses for nesting, and the storage case are composed of separate members and are removable, it is possible to continue as an artificial nest for several years simply by replacing the hollow cylinder. It can be used, and it is also advantageous in terms of cost from this point. Further, the cocoon can be easily checked by pulling out the hollow cylindrical body and separating the cocoon from the hollow cylindrical body.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an artificial nest formed by stacking artificial nest unit bodies.

FIG. 2 is a front view of an artificial nest.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the upper plate member as viewed from the back surface side.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a hollow cylindrical body.

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged perspective view of a lower right front portion of the artificial nest.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a state where the upper plate of the artificial nest unit is moved upward.

[Explanation of symbols]

a ... artificial nest unit, 10 ... upper plate member, 11 ... concave groove formed in upper plate member, 15a, 15b ... concave line formed in upper plate member, 16a, 16b ... convex line formed in upper plate member, 20
... Lower plate member, 21 ... Recessed groove formed in the lower plate member, 25
a, 25b ... Recesses formed on the lower plate member, 26a, 26b
... ridges formed on the lower plate member, 30 ... hollow cylinder, 31 ... slits in the hollow cylinder, P ... platform.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. An artificial body in which a hollow cylindrical body subjected to a brazing process is accommodated in parallel in a storage case composed of two upper and lower plate members with one end side opened at a predetermined interval. An artificial nest for a bee, comprising nest unit bodies stacked in a plurality of stages. 2. The artificial nest for bees according to claim 1, wherein the hollow cylindrical body made of paper has a notch in the length direction. 3. The lower plate member constituting the storage case has a portion projecting forward from the tip of the release side end of the stored paper hollow cylindrical body. The artificial nest for bees according to claim 1 or 2. 4. The upper and lower two plate members constituting the storage case are formed with a concave ridge and a convex ridge which engage with each other when they are overlapped with each other. The artificial nest for bees according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5. An upper plate member or a lower plate member colored in different colors are appropriately laminated.
An artificial nest for bees according to the description.