JPH08178245A - Method and apparatus for burning waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To facilitate the control of a combustion speed and hence ensure complete combustion of a waste by successively transferring a combustion part from the upper to lower side by successively transferring a blow-off position of air into a combustion chamber from the upper to lower position by firing the upper part of the waste. CONSTITUTION: Waste is packed into a primary combustion chamber 20, and valves V1 and V12 are opened to feed air from an air chamber 26, air blow-off pipes 51a, 51b, 54, 56, and an air chamber 27 into a primary combustion chamber 20 and a secondary combustion chamber 21 and is fired with a burner 28b. A valve Vc is opened to feed air also from air blow-off pipes 51c, 58c into the primary combustion chamber 20. Further, the valve Vc is closed and is opened to feed air from air blow-off pipes 51d, 58d into the primary combustion chamber 20. With such an operation repeated, a final valve Vf is opened to feed air from air supply pipes 51f, 58f whereby the waste is burned up to the lower side thereof.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste incineration method and a waste incineration apparatus, and more particularly to a direct combustion type incineration method and an improvement of the incinerator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a direct-burning type waste incinerator, a combustion chamber having a large number of air blowout portions is provided, and while the air is supplied from all the air blowout portions, the waste introduced into the combustion chamber It is known to ignite the lower part of the to burn industrial waste.

[0003]

However, in such a direct combustion type incinerator, air is blown out simultaneously from all the air blowing parts, and the lower part of the waste material is ignited and the waste material is discharged from the lower side. Since it burns upward, it is extremely difficult to control the burning rate of waste. Therefore, in the incineration of polymer waste, which requires a large amount of air for combustion, the air supply corresponding to the combustion speed cannot be made in time, which is likely to cause incomplete combustion (such as generation of black smoke). On the other hand, in the gasification combustion type incinerator, the polymer waste is gasified and then contacted with sufficient air in the re-combustion chamber for combustion, so that complete combustion can be achieved, but the re-combustion chamber is It becomes necessary, the equipment becomes large-scale, and it is necessary to monitor to avoid the risk of gas explosion.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to provide an incineration method and an incinerator which can easily control the burning rate, can completely burn waste, and are safe. There is.

[0005]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for incinerating waste, wherein after igniting an upper part of the waste placed in the combustion chamber and burning the upper part of the waste, the waste is put into the combustion chamber. It is characterized in that the combustion portion of the waste is sequentially shifted from the upper side to the lower side by sequentially shifting the air blowing position from the upper side to the lower side.

A waste incinerator according to a second aspect of the present invention is an incinerator in which a plurality of stages of air blowout portions are provided in the combustion chamber in the vertical direction, and the uppermost stage or the middle stage among the plurality of stages of air blowout units. Different air supply pipes are connected to the air outlets of the respective stages located on the lower side, and a valve is attached to each air supply pipe.

According to a third aspect of the waste incineration system of the present invention, in the waste incineration system of the second aspect, the valve is an electromagnetic valve, and the opening / closing of the valve can be automatically controlled by a controller. It is a feature.

[0008]

According to the above-mentioned means, after igniting the upper part of the waste put in the combustion chamber and burning the upper part of the waste,
By sequentially shifting the air blowing position into the combustion chamber from the upper side to the lower side, the burning portion of the waste is sequentially shifted from the upper side to the lower side. Becomes extremely easy. Therefore, it becomes possible to completely burn the waste. Further, unlike a gasification combustion type incinerator, there is no need to provide a re-combustion chamber, and the system is safe.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A waste incineration method and a waste incinerator according to the embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a waste incinerator used particularly for incineration of polymer waste (tires, plastics, etc.) and various other wastes, and FIG. 2 is a front view of the waste incinerator. FIG. 3 is a right side view of this waste incinerator. First, the outline of the waste incinerator 1 will be described. The waste incinerator 1 is a furnace in which a primary combustion chamber 20 and a secondary combustion chamber 21 (FIG. 5) formed in a flue are formed. Body 2 and cyclone dust collector 3 attached to this furnace body 2
A sheath tank 4 for supplying cooling water for cooling the furnace body 2 and the cyclone dust collector 3, and a blower 5 for supplying air to the primary combustion chamber 20 and the secondary combustion chamber 21. There is. Then, the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the waste in the primary combustion chamber 20 passes through the secondary combustion chamber 21 and the cyclone dust collector 3 and is discharged from the chimney 6 to the atmosphere. Further, the steam generated by boiling the cooling water used for cooling the furnace body 2 and the cyclone dust collector 3 is discharged from the steam discharge pipe 7 to the atmosphere. In addition, from the blower 5 to the primary combustion chambers 20 and 2
Air is supplied to the next combustion chamber 21 through the air tank 5a.

Next, details of the waste incinerator 1 will be described.

An upper door 22 and a lower door 23 are attached to the front portion of the furnace body 2 as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4. Inside the furnace body 2, a primary combustion chamber 20 and a secondary combustion chamber 21
Are formed, and the primary combustion chamber 20 and the secondary combustion chamber 21 are formed.
Is covered with a water jacket as shown in FIGS.

That is, the top wall (ceiling) of the primary combustion chamber 20
Each of 20a, the peripheral wall 20b, and the bottom wall (floor) 20c has a hollow structure, and each hollow portion is filled with cooling water supplied from the sheath tank 4. Similarly, the lower door 23 also has a hollow structure, and the hollow portion is filled with cooling water supplied from the sheath tank 4. That is, the water jacket of the primary combustion chamber 20 and the water jacket of the lower door 24 are connected via the tubes 40a and 40b as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the cooling water from the sheath tank 4 is connected to the primary combustion chamber. After passing through the water jacket 20 and the tube 40a, the water enters the water jacket of the lower door 23, and the heated cooling water is returned to the water jacket of the primary combustion chamber 20 through the tube 40b. In addition, the top wall (ceiling) 2 of the secondary combustion chamber 21
1a, side wall 21b, bottom wall (floor) 21c and end wall 21d
Each have a hollow structure, and each hollow portion is filled with cooling water from the sheath tank 4. And
The water jackets of the primary combustion chamber 20, the lower door 23, and the secondary combustion chamber 21 are directly or indirectly connected to the steam discharge pipe 7, and the steam generated by boiling of the cooling water is discharged from the steam discharge pipe 7 to the atmosphere. It is supposed to be done.

Further, the primary combustion chamber 20 and the secondary combustion chamber 2
1 is provided with an air outlet.

That is, an air chamber 26 is provided below the water jacket of the bottom wall 20c of the primary combustion chamber 20 as shown in FIGS. Air is supplied to the air chamber 26 from the air tank 5a via the air supply pipe 50 shown in FIG. A valve V1 is attached to the air supply pipe 50. Then, the air in the air chamber 26 is supplied into the primary combustion chamber 23 by a large number of nozzles 26a whose front end openings (air blowout portions) face the primary combustion chamber 20 (see FIG. 8). Further, in the water jacket outside the peripheral wall 20b, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the air blow-out pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, 51 are sequentially arranged from the upper side.
e, 51f are provided. This air outlet pipe 51a,
51b, 51c, 51d, 51e, 51f extend along the peripheral wall 26, and the air blow-out pipes 51a, 51b, 51
A large number of nozzles 52 are attached to each of c, 51d, 51e, and 51f. Then, the air outlet pipe 51a,
51b via the air supply pipe 53 shown in FIG.
Air from the air tank 5 is supplied to the air outlet pipes 51c, 51d, 51e, and 51f via air supply pipes 53c, 53d, 53e, and 53f (see FIG. 3), and the air is supplied to the tip opening (air outlet). Part) is supplied into the primary combustion chamber 20 by a large number of nozzles 52 facing the primary combustion chamber 20. The air supply pipe 53 is provided with a valve V2, and the air supply pipes 53c, 53d, 53e and 53f are provided with valves Vc, Vd, Ve and Vf, respectively. Further, an air blow-out pipe 54 is arranged near the top wall 20a in the primary combustion chamber 20 as shown in FIGS. The air blow-out pipe 54 is composed of a pipe extending in the width direction of the primary combustion chamber 20, and a pipe that branches from an intermediate portion of the pipe and stands up in an L shape. The air outlet pipe 54 is provided with a large number of openings (air outlets). And
Air from the air tank 5 is supplied to the air blowing pipe 54 via the air supply pipe 53, and the air is blown out from a large number of openings. Further, in the water jacket of the lower door 23, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, air outlet pipes 58c, 58d, 58e, 58f are arranged in order from the upper side. The air blowing pipes 58c, 58d, 58e,
A large number of nozzles 52 are attached to each 58f. Then, the air blowing pipes 58c, 58d, 58e, 58
The tubes 59c, 59d, 59e, and 59 are included in f.
the air supply pipes 51c, 51d, 51e, 5 through f
Air is supplied from 1f, and the air is supplied into the primary combustion chamber 20 by a large number of nozzles 52 whose tip openings (air blowing portions) face the primary combustion chamber 20. Further, the outer side of the water jacket of the secondary combustion chamber 21 is shown in FIGS.
An air chamber 27 is provided as shown in FIG. Air from the air tank 5 is supplied to the air chamber 27 via an air supply pipe 56 that branches from an intermediate portion of the air supply pipe 53. The air in the air chamber 27 has a large number of nozzles 2 whose front end opening (air blowing portion) faces the secondary combustion chamber 23.
It is supplied into the secondary combustion chamber 21 by 7a. Also,
An air blowout pipe 57 is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber 21. The air supply pipe 5 is connected to the air outlet pipe 57.
Air is supplied from the air tank 5 via 6, and the air is blown out from a large number of openings (air blowing portions).

A burner 28b, which uses kerosene or heavy oil stored in a tank 28a as a fuel, is provided on the side of the furnace body 2. A shutter (not shown) is provided at the tip of the burner 28b, and at the time of ignition, the shutter can be opened and ignited, and the shutter can be closed after ignition.

The dust collection chamber of the cyclone dust collector 3 is covered with a water jacket. That is, the top wall (ceiling) 30a, the peripheral wall 30b, and the bottom wall (floor) 30c of the cyclone dust collector each have a hollow structure, and each hollow portion is filled with cooling water supplied from the sheath tank 4. . Further, the water jacket is directly or indirectly connected to the steam discharge pipe 7 so that the steam generated by boiling of the cooling water is discharged from the steam discharge pipe 7 to the atmosphere.

Next, the air blowing pipes 51a, 51b, 51
c, 51d, 51e, 51f or 58c, 58d,
The nozzle 52 provided in 58e and 58f will be described.

As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the nozzle 52 may have an air reservoir 52a and one through hole 52b that expands from the air reservoir 52a toward the tip. OK, as shown in FIG. 11, the air reservoir 5
In addition to having 2c, a plurality of through holes 52c that radially spread from the air reservoir 52c may be provided. In the former structure, unlike a nozzle that does not have an air reservoir and has a straight through hole, it is possible to supply soft air.
According to the latter nozzle 52 having a plurality of through holes 52c, the air blowing range is widened, so that the number of nozzles provided can be reduced.

Next, the operation of the waste incineration method and the waste incineration apparatus 1 will be described.

First, open the upper door 22 and the lower door 23,
Waste is packed in the primary combustion chamber 20, and the upper door 22 and the lower door 23 are closed. The valves V1 and V2 are opened, and air is supplied from the air chamber 26, the air blowing pipes 51a, 51b, 54, 56, and the air chamber 27 to the primary combustion chamber 20 and the secondary combustion chamber 21.
And burner 28b ignites. Ignite for about 2 minutes. Then, after 30 minutes have passed, the valve Vc is opened, and the air is also sent into the primary combustion chamber 20 from the air blowing pipes 51c and 58c. After 30 minutes, valve V
c is closed and the valve Vc is opened.
Air is sent into the primary combustion chamber 20 from d and 58d. By repeating such an operation, the final valve Vf is opened, air is sent from the air supply pipes 51f and 58f to the primary combustion chamber 20, and the lower side of the waste is burned. In the case of incineration of tires or the like, black smoke is initially emitted from the chimney 6 when ignited, but almost no black smoke is emitted when combustion is started.

By doing so, the wastes are sequentially burned from the upper side to the lower side. Further, the exhaust gas emitted in this process is burned in the secondary combustion chamber 21, guided to the cyclone 3, and after dust such as ash is removed, it is discharged from the chimney 6.

According to such a method and apparatus, the following effects can be obtained.

That is, by igniting the upper side of the waste existing in the primary combustion chamber 20 and sequentially switching the blowing position of the air supplied into the primary combustion chamber 20 from the upper side to the lower side, the waste is discharged. Since the combustion part of the above is sequentially moved from the upper side to the lower side, it is easy to control the incineration rate of the waste, and if the waste does not require a large amount of air for combustion, only the primary combustion chamber 20 But it is possible to burn it completely. Also, in the case of incineration of polymer waste that requires a large amount of air for combustion, incomplete combustion will not be achieved due to the inadequate supply of air according to the combustion speed, but the exhaust gas will be formed in the flue. Since the secondary combustion chamber 21 is further combusted, incomplete combustion is eliminated.

In order to suppress the explosive combustion due to the turbulence of the air that occurs when the blowing position of the air supplied into the primary combustion chamber 20 is sequentially switched from the upper side to the lower side, FIG.
, The air supply pipes 53, 53c, 53d, 53
e and 53f are provided with thin bypass pipes 70, respectively.
When supplying air from one air supply pipe, a small amount of air may be supplied from the air supply pipe immediately below. In FIG. 12, reference numeral 71 indicates a check valve.

Although the embodiments made by the present inventor have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. There is no end.

For example, instead of sequentially switching the blowing position of the air supplied into the primary combustion chamber 20 from the upper side to the lower side, the blowing position of the air supplied to the primary combustion chamber is directed from the upper side to the lower side. You may make it increase in order.

Further, the valves V1, V2, Vc, V
The d, Ve, and Vf may be electromagnetic valves or the like and automatically controlled by the controller.

Further, instead of the air blowing pipe 54 provided in the primary combustion chamber 20, a spherical air blowing body is provided so that the air blowing body can follow the decrease in the volume of waste due to combustion. The configuration may be such that it gradually descends.

Further, in the above embodiment, the secondary combustion chamber 21
However, air may be supplied from the air chamber 27 as in the primary combustion chamber 20.

In addition to the air blowing pipe 54, air may be blown from the top wall 20a of the primary combustion chamber 20.

[0032]

According to the present invention, after igniting the upper part of the waste placed in the combustion chamber and burning the upper part of the waste,
Since the air blowing position into the combustion chamber is sequentially shifted from the upper side to the lower side, the burning portion of the waste is sequentially shifted from the upper side to the lower side. Is easy, and complete combustion of waste can be achieved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a waste incinerator according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the waste incinerator of the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a right side view of the waste incinerator of the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the waste incinerator of the embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the waste incinerator according to the embodiment when viewed from the front.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the waste incinerator according to the embodiment as viewed from the left.

FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the primary combustion chamber of the waste incinerator according to the embodiment when viewed from the right side.

FIG. 8 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the primary combustion chamber of the waste incinerator according to the embodiment when viewed from above.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an air blowing pipe of the waste incinerator of the embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a nozzle used in the waste incinerator of the example.

FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another nozzle used in the waste incinerator of the embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a view showing an air supply pipe used in a modified example of the waste incinerator of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 incinerator 20 primary combustion chamber 21 secondary combustion chamber 50, 53, 53c, 53d, 53e, 53f air supply pipes V1, V2, Vc, Vd, Ve, Vf valves

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical display location F23G 5/32 ZAB 7/12 ZAB A

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. By igniting the upper part of the waste contained in the combustion chamber to burn the upper part of the waste, the air blowing position into the combustion chamber is sequentially shifted from the upper side to the lower side. The method for incinerating waste is characterized in that the burning portion of the waste is sequentially moved from the upper side to the lower side. 2. An incinerator in which a plurality of stages of air blowout portions are provided in a combustion chamber in a vertical direction, in each stage of the plurality of stages of air blowout units located below an uppermost stage or an intermediate stage. A waste incinerator characterized in that different air supply pipes are connected to the air outlets, and a valve is attached to each air supply pipe. 3. The waste incinerator according to claim 2, wherein the valve is an electromagnetic valve, and the opening and closing of the valve can be automatically controlled by a controller.