JPH08158352A - Intake structure from water reservoir to fish way - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To let fishes go upstream, by providing an intake channel connected to a water reservoir and provided with partition walls and installing a plurality of water apertures while changing the installed height stepwise on the partition wall and providing a stepped fish water way along the partition walls. CONSTITUTION: The stored water in a reservoir pond 13 flows in a stepped fish water way 18 through water apertures 17 and an intake channel 13 and flows in the fish way 14 of the downstream. The excessive water conducted from the intake channel 13 into the stepped fish water way 18 is drained through a drain ditch 2 for the excess water. The water apertures 17 submerged in the water reservoir, positioned lower than the water aperture 17 at the level corresponding to the water level of reservoir, are cut off by gates 19 for variation of water level so as to prevent passing of water.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water intake structure from a water storage structure to a fishway, and more particularly to a water storage structure for damming a river such as a dam or a weir to form a reservoir on the upstream side. Of water from a water storage structure installed to capture the stored water from the reservoir to a fishway for enabling fish run-up by connecting a river on the downstream side of the reservoir to the formed reservoir. Regarding the structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A fishway is a water storage structure that dams a river such as a dam or a weir to form a reservoir on the upstream side, and prevents the fish from going upstream from the downstream side of the river. It is a water channel exclusively for fish, which is provided in order to connect to the river downstream from near the top of the water storage structure.

That is, according to this fish path, a river water flow path is installed from the reservoir to the river on the downstream side of the slope so that the fish can go up, and the fish is moved through the flow path. As a result, the sudden difference in water level between the water level in the reservoir and the water level of the river immediately below it is eliminated, which allows fish to run upstream from the downstream river to the reservoir and upstream river. Can be made possible.

[0004] In such a fishway, in order to reasonably allow fishes to run upstream in a state close to nature, river water, that is, stored water in a reservoir, is fed into the fishway at a predetermined flow rate suitable for running fishes up. , It is necessary to keep it flowing down.

On the other hand, as a method of guiding the stored water in the reservoir to the fishway, conventionally, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, a part of the structure 50 is cut out in the water storage structure 50 to form the fishway 5.
A method is adopted in which a water intake passage 52 communicating with 1 is provided, and the stored water in the reservoir 53 is taken into the fishway 51 via the water intake passage 52 and made to flow down toward the downstream river 54.

[0006]

However, according to the above-mentioned conventional method, if the water level in the reservoir is constant and the inflow amount of the stored water into the fishway can be kept constant at all times, the fish can be traced back smoothly. Although it is possible to raise the water level, in the case of a water storage structure in which the water level in the formed reservoir changes frequently, such as a dam for power generation, if the water level in the reservoir drops too much, When the inflow of stored water to the fishway is blocked, it becomes impossible for fish to run up, and when the water level in the reservoir rises too much, the inflow of stored water to the fishway increases significantly, causing fish to run up. There was a problem that it would cause trouble.

Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and even when the water level in the reservoir fluctuates, the amount of inflow of the stored water from the reservoir to the fishway is suitable for fish run-up. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water intake structure from a water storage structure to a fishway, which can easily hold a desired amount of fish, thereby allowing fish to be easily ascended from a downstream river through the fishway. And

[0008]

The present invention has been made to achieve the above object, and its gist is to provide a water storage structure for damming a river such as a dam or weir to form a reservoir on the upstream side. A water intake structure for taking in the stored water from the reservoir is provided in the fishway that is provided to connect the river on the downstream side of the reservoir structure and the formed reservoir to enable fish to run upstream. And has a partition wall communicating with the reservoir and having a water depth deeper than at least the low water level of the reservoir, and having a top end beyond the high water level of the reservoir on one side along the fishway. The intake channel and the partition wall of the intake channel are opened in series in a row while gradually changing the installation height from a height corresponding to the high water level of the reservoir to a height corresponding to the low water level. Multiple formed A water window and a fish path extending to the outer surface side of the partition wall are formed, and the water window is located immediately below each water passage along the gradient of the plurality of water passage windows that are continuously formed in a row. The fishway step water channel configured to receive the stored water flowing out from each water passage window and flow it down to the fish passage on the downstream side, and the opening of each water passage window on the inner surface side of the partition wall. A water intake structure from a water storage structure to a fishway, characterized by comprising a water level fluctuation gate that is installed in a part and that opens and closes each of the water passage windows according to changes in the water level in the reservoir.

According to the present invention, a surplus drainage groove is provided laterally of the fishway step waterway along the outer surface of the fishway step waterway so as to receive the water overflowing from the fishway step waterway and allow it to flow down to the downstream side. It is preferable to further provide.

Further, according to the present invention, the water level fluctuation gate installed in the opening portion of each water passage window is constituted by a plate member having a specific gravity floating in water, which is pin-connected to the lower frame portion of the water passage window. be able to.

Further, according to the present invention, it is preferable that the fishway step water channel is constructed by connecting flat water channel floors formed directly under the water passage windows in a stepwise manner.

[0012]

According to the water intake structure from the water storage structure of the present invention having the above structure to the fishway, the stored water whose level changes from a low water level to a high water level in the reservoir passes through the water intake channel and becomes It flows into the fishway step canal only through one or several water passages which are formed at a height corresponding to the above or is close to this, and flows down toward the fishway downstream or the river downstream.

That is, the water level fluctuation gate installed at the opening of each water passage window is provided with a mechanism for opening and closing by the action of buoyancy acting on the gate and closing the water passage window when it is submerged in water. . Therefore, the water passage window below the water passage window located at a height corresponding to the water level of the stored water, which is submerged in the stored water, blocks the passage of the stored water by the water level fluctuation gate, thereby Even if the water level fluctuates, the fish run-up was adjusted only from the water passage window located at the height corresponding to the water level, with the size of the water passage window being adjusted as one of the design items. A predetermined amount of stored water suitable for the above can be constantly flowed down to the fishway.

Further, if a drainage groove is provided on the side of the fishway step waterway, which extends along the outer surface of the fishway step waterway and receives the water overflowing from the fishway step waterway and allows it to flow down to the downstream side. Even if the stored water flowing from the intake channel to the fishway step channel becomes excessive, it is possible to easily discharge the excess water and adjust the flow rate flowing down the fishway.

Further, if the water level fluctuation gate installed at the opening of each water passage window is constituted by a plate member having a specific gravity floating on water, which is pin-connected to the lower frame portion of the water passage window, the stored water The water passage window can be opened and closed easily and automatically according to the fluctuation of the water level.

Still further, by constructing the fishway step watercourse by connecting the flat waterway floor formed directly under each of the water passage windows in a stepwise manner, the fish can be stably run along the fishway. Can be made. That is, for example, fish can easily climb up through a staircase-shaped fishway in which a pool formed by partition walls is connected to this aqueduct floor, and fish can pass through a water level fluctuation gate that is laterally overflowed from this fishway step canal. It is possible to reach the upper reaches of the reservoir.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows a power-generating dam 1 as a water storage structure provided with a water intake structure 10 according to this embodiment.
It is a top view which shows 1. That is, this dam for power generation 1
1 is to form a reservoir 13 on the upstream side by blocking the river 12, and the stored water in this reservoir 13 accumulates the river water flowing in from the upstream and is used as appropriate power generation water. As a result, the water level is changed frequently from low water level to high water level.
In addition, this dam 11 is provided with a fishway 14 which is a water channel exclusively for fish that bypasses the ground on the side of the river 12 and reaches the downstream river 12 from one side thereof. It is arranged with a gentle slope that allows the run-up of the water, and the stored water from the reservoir 13 is constantly flowing down.
Fish can be passed and moved from the downstream river 12 to the upstream reservoir 13 via the fishway 14.

The intake structure 10 of this embodiment has a reservoir 13 formed by a dam 11 and a fishway 14,
It is provided as a part of the dam 11 so as to take in an amount of stored water suitable for fish run-up and always allow it to flow down.

That is, the water intake structure 10 of this embodiment is
As shown in FIG. 2 which is a plan view thereof and FIG. 3 which is a side view thereof, the intake water channel 15 that communicates with the reservoir 13 and the partition wall 16 that constitutes one side surface of the water intake channel 13 are mainly provided. A plurality of water passage windows 17 that are continuously formed in a row and have openings formed therein, and a fishway step water channel 1 that is provided adjacent to the outer surface side of the partition wall 16 and extends along the partition wall 16.
8 and a water level fluctuation gate 19 which is attached to each water passage window 17 on the inner surface side of the partition wall 16 to open and close each water passage window 17.

As shown in FIG. 2, the intake channel 13 is formed by cutting out a part of the dam 11 with a size of, for example, a width of 2 m and a length of 30 m, and has a water depth deeper than the low water level of the reservoir 13. In addition to the above, a partition wall 16 is provided on one side thereof, which extends upright along the side surface of a fishway step waterway 18 described later and whose height at the top end exceeds the high water level of the reservoir 13.

Then, on the partition wall 16 of the intake channel 13,
As shown in FIG. 3, nine water passage windows 17 penetrating through the partition wall 16 are continuously formed in a row to form openings. That is, the water passage window 17 has a width of about 1 m and a height of about 0.5.
It is about m, and is formed along the constant gradient from the high water level to the low water level of the reservoir 13 at a pitch of about 3 m with a step of about 35 cm.

On the outer surface side of the partition wall 16, adjacent to this, a flat water channel floor 22 is installed and fixed directly below each water passage window 21 formed with an opening, and these are connected in series. Accordingly, the fishway step waterway 18 that constitutes the connection portion of the fishway 14 to the intake waterway 15 is provided. That is, in this fishway step waterway 18, a waterway floor 22 having a width of about 3.5 m and a length of about 3 m is arranged and fixed at a distance of about 20 cm from the lower end of each water passage window 17 to allow water to pass through. A fishway step waterway 18 having a step is formed with a gradient along the continuous gradient of the windows 17. In addition, fishway step waterway 1
8 has its downstream end connected to the main body portion of the fishway 14 and allows the stored water to flow down to the main body portion of the fishway 14 and each water channel floor 22.
As shown in FIG. 4, an overflow weir 23 as a partition wall is provided at the downstream end of the above-mentioned structure, thereby forming a stagnation part, that is, a pool, on each water channel floor 22.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, a drainage groove 21 is provided outside the fishway step waterway 18 to drain excess water flowing from the intake waterway 13 into the fishway step waterway 18. The amount of inflow water can be adjusted. In addition, what is indicated by reference numeral 24 in the figure is for draining water in a predetermined amount or more in the fishway 14, and the overflowed spillage is drained through the spillway 21.

Further, the water intake structure 10 of this embodiment is provided with a water level fluctuation gate 19 attached to each water passage window 17 on the inner side surface of the partition wall 16 for opening and closing each water passage window 17. That is, this water level fluctuation gate 19
As shown in an enlarged scale in FIG. 5, is a contact frame 25 formed of, for example, reinforced rubber or the like, which is provided in the frame portion surrounding the opening of the water passage window 17, and a partition at the lower frame portion of the opening. A gate plate 2 fixed to a pin member 26 embedded in the wall 16 and rotationally moved about the pin member 26.
7 and the gate plate 27 is, for example, 0.6 t /
It is composed of a synthetic resin plate member that can withstand a water pressure of about m ^{2 and} has a high pressure resistance and is light on the surface of the water. It also has a weight 28 for adjusting the center of gravity, and is smaller than the stored water as a whole. By having a specific gravity and adjusting the buoyancy and the position of the center of gravity thereof appropriately, the upper end portion of the gate plate 27 can be adjusted so as to be always at the same position as the water surface of the stored water. Therefore, when the upper end of the gate plate 27 automatically moves up and down as the water level of the stored water changes and the water level of the stored water exceeds the height of the upper end of the water passage window 17, the gate plate 27 is It is configured to be in close contact with the close contact frame 25 and to block passage of stored water to the fishway step water channel 18 through the water passage window 17. The close contact frame 25 is provided with an inclined surface whose upper portion projects toward the reservoir by increasing its thickness from the lower portion toward the upper portion, whereby by the rotation about the pin member 26, The gate plate 27 can be brought into close contact with the close contact frame 25 and separated therefrom smoothly.

According to the water intake structure 10 of this embodiment, regardless of the fluctuation of the water level of the stored water in the reservoir 13,
An amount of stored water suitable for fish run-up can be constantly made to flow down along the fishway 14.

That is, the water passage window 17 below the water level of the stored water in the reservoir 13 and submerged in the water intake channel 13 closes the water level fluctuation gate 19 to block passage of the stored water. Therefore, the stored water is taken in along the flow transversely flowing into the fishway step waterway 18 only from the water passage window 17 located at or adjacent to the height corresponding to the water level. Therefore, even when the water level of the stored water changes, only a predetermined amount of stored water suitable for fish run-up, which has been adjusted with the size of the water passage window 17 as one of the design matters, is passed through. It can be taken in through the window 17 and always flowed down to the fishway 14.

Further, since the fishway step waterway 18 is constructed by arranging flat waterway floors 22 successively with a step, and with a predetermined gradient, the fish can be stably fed along the fishway step waterway 18. The stairs can be made to run upstream, and a stagnation part is formed by providing an overflow weir 23 at an end portion on the downstream side of each water channel floor 22 to form a staircase that takes fish upstream through the fishway step water channel 18. It can be performed more easily via the fish path. Then, the fish that has run up to the water passage window 17 where the stored water is flowing laterally has no running water in the fishway step waterway 18 above this, so along the flow that flows laterally from the water passing window 17, The water will reach the reservoir 13 through the water passage window.

In the above embodiment, the water intake structure 10 is
Although the case where the dam 11 for power generation is provided has been described, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment.
It can be used for various water storage structures that form a reservoir on the upstream side by blocking other rivers such as dams and weirs.

Further, the present invention is realized by treating the water storage structure itself as a partition wall of the water channel, providing a fishway step water channel along the outer side surface of the water channel, and forming a water passage window in the water storage structure. It can also be applied.

[0030]

As described in detail above, according to the water intake structure from the water storage structure to the fishway according to the present invention, the crown having a water depth deeper than at least the low water level of the reservoir and exceeding the high water level of the reservoir. An intake channel having a partition wall with a section,
On the partition wall of this intake channel, there are a plurality of water passage windows that are opened in a row from the height corresponding to the high water level of the reservoir to the height corresponding to the low water level, and on the outer surface side of the partition wall. A fishway step waterway that extends and a water level fluctuation gate that is installed at the opening of each water passage window on the inner surface side of the partition wall, and the stored water that fluctuates in water level from low water level to high water level in the reservoir. By passing through the intake channel and only through one or several water passage windows that are opened at a height corresponding to the water level, the fish can be constantly flowed down along the fishway at a flow rate suitable for fish run-up. Therefore, even if the water level in the reservoir fluctuates despite the simple structure, it is possible to always cause fish to run upstream from the downstream river via the fishway.

Further, a drainage groove extending along the outer side surface of the fishway step waterway for receiving overflowing water from the fishway step waterway and allowing the water to flow down to the downstream side is further provided on the side of the fishway step waterway. Even if the stored water that flows into the fishway step waterway from the intake waterway becomes excessive, it is possible to easily discharge this and adjust the flow rate that flows down the fishway.

Further, if the water level fluctuation gate installed at the opening of each water passage window is constituted by a plate member having a specific gravity floating on water, which is pin-connected to the lower frame portion of the water passage window, the stored water The water passage window can be opened and closed easily and automatically according to the fluctuation of the water level.

Furthermore, by constructing the fishway step waterway by connecting the flat waterway floors formed directly below the water passage windows in a stepwise manner, the fish can be stably run along the fishway. Can be made.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the overall structure of a dam provided with a water intake structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a water intake structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing a water intake structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along AA of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing details of a water level fluctuation gate used in this embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the overall structure of a conventional dam having a water intake structure.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Water intake structure 11 Dam 12 River 13 Reservoir 14 Fishway 15 Intake channel 16 Partition wall 17 Water passage window 18 Fishway step channel 19 Water level fluctuation gate 21 Overdrain gutter 22 Channel floor

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A fish provided by a reservoir structure that dams a river such as a dam or a weir to form a reservoir on the upstream side, and connects the river on the downstream side of the reservoir structure with the formed reservoir. To the fish path to enable the run up of
A water intake structure for taking in the stored water from the reservoir, which is in communication with the reservoir and has a water depth deeper than at least the low water level of the reservoir, and a high side of the reservoir at one side along the fishway. The intake channel having a partition wall having a top end that exceeds the water level, and the partition wall of the intake channel, from the height corresponding to the high water level of the reservoir to the height corresponding to the low water level, the installation height is sequentially set. A plurality of water passage windows that are continuously formed in a row while being changed stepwise and a fish path that extends to the outer surface side of the partition wall are configured, and the openings are continuously formed in a row. The fishway is formed so as to be located immediately below each water passage along the slopes of the plurality of water passages, so that the stored water flowing out from each water passage can be received and flowed down to the fishway on the downstream side. Step water channel and the inner side of the partition wall At the opening of each water passage window, a water level change gate that opens and closes each water passage window according to a change in water level in the reservoir Water intake structure. 2. An extra drainage groove, which extends along the outer surface of the fishway step waterway, is provided at the side of the fishway step waterway to receive the water overflowing from the fishway step waterway and allow the water to flow down to the downstream side. The water intake structure from the water storage structure to the fishway according to claim 1. 3. The water level fluctuation gate installed at the opening of each water passage window is formed of a plate member having a specific gravity floating on water, which is pin-connected to the lower frame portion of the water passage window. The water intake structure from the water storage structure according to claim 1 or 2 to the fishway. 4. The fishway step waterway comprises a series of flat waterway floors formed directly below the water passage windows in a stepwise manner. Water intake structure from the water storage structure to the fishway.